Final Review

Honors Biology

Scientific Method• Key: A. Qualitative observation• B. Quantitative observation.• C. Inference • _____________ 1a. This coconut has a dark brown color.• • _____________ 1b. This coconut’s diameter measures to be 14 cm.• • _____________ 1c. The coconut came from Hawaii• • _____________ 1d. The coconut dropped from a palm tree.• • _____________ 1e. A coconut is very furry with little bits of hair on it.• • _____________ 1f. The coconut weighs 16.5 grams.

• Key: A. Qualitative observation• B. Quantitative observation.• C. Inference • ______A_______ 1a. This coconut has a dark brown color.• • ______B_______ 1b. This coconut’s diameter measures to

be 14 cm.• • ______C_______ 1c. The coconut came from Hawaii• • ______C______ 1d. The coconut dropped from a palm tree.• • ______A_______ 1e. A coconut is very furry with little bits of

hair on it.• • ______B_______ 1f. The coconut weighs 16.5 grams.

Unit Conversions1) 453 m = _______ km?

a) .453 c) 45.3b) 4.53 d) .0453

2) 333 cm = 3.33 ___ ?a) dm c) mb) km d) mm

3) Convert the following metric unit: 23.6 cm• _________________ m• _________________ mm• _________________ dm

1) 453 m = _______ km?a) .453 c) 45.3b) 4.53 d) .0453

2) 333 cm = 3.33 ___ ?a) dm c) mb) km d) mm

3) Convert the following metric unit: 23.6 cm• ___.236____ m• _______236______ mm• _________2.36________ dm

Explain the level of organization

Using the following, put them in order: (cell, atom, organ, element, organism, macromolecule, organ system, molecule, tissue)

Level of Organization Subatomic particles Atom Element Molecule Macromolecules Cell <--life begins here Tissue Organ Organ system Organism

ProteinWhere is a protein made and what organelles

does it go through? THINK OF THE FUNCTION OF THE ORGANELLES!

• NucleolusribosomesRERGogli apparatusETC

MatchingA.ChloroplastsB. Mitochondria C. NucleusD. Central vacuoleE. Rough ERF. RibosomeG. Cell MembraneH. LysosomeI. Golgi apparatusJ. Nucleolus K. Centrioles

1. Small structure that makes protein2. Contains chromatin 3. Controls what enters or leaves the cell4. “Powerhouse” of the cell5. Cell control center6. Numerous ribosomes attached to it7. Help to pull chromosome pairs apart to opposite

ends of the cell8. May store water, needed chemicals, wastes in plant cells9. Converts energy from the sun into chemical energy(photosynthesis)10. Proteins and molecules modified, sorted, and shipped from here11. Digests food, waste, and foreign substances12. Transports Proteins13. Produces ribosomes14. Make cellular energy (ATP)

A.ChloroplastsB. Mitochondria C. NucleusD. Central vacuoleE. Rough ERF. RibosomeG. Cell MembraneH. LysosomeI. Golgi apparatusJ. Nucleolus K. Centrioles

1. Small structure that makes protein F2. Contains chromatin C3. Controls what enters or leaves the cell G4. “Powerhouse” of the cell B5. Cell control center C6. Numerous ribosomes attached to it E7. Help to pull chromosome pairs apart to opposite

ends of the cell K8. May store water, needed chemicals, wastes in plant Cells D9. Converts energy from the sun into chemical energy(photosynthesis) A10. Proteins and molecules modified, sorted, and shipped from here I11. Digests food, waste, and foreign substances H12. Transports Proteins E13. Produces ribosomes J14. Make cellular energy (ATP) B

Fill out table

Classification 1) Name the six kingdoms and an example under each

kingdom.2) Which kingdoms are eukaryotic cells; which are

prokaryotic cells?3) Name the order of classification: Broadest to Most

Specific4) What are the 3 Domains?5) Closest related between the following three:

1) Felis leo2) Panthera leo3) Panthera tigris

1 + 2) KingdomsA. Animalia-EB. Plantae-EC. Fungi-ED. Protista-EE. ArcheaBacteria-PF. Bacteria-P

3) Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

4) Archea, Bacteria, Eukarya1) Panthera leo2) Panthera tigris

Macromolecules

1) What are 4 macromolecules are we made up of?

2) Function of the 4 macromolecules3) Example of 4 macromolecules (type of foods)

• Carbohydrates-Short Term Energy Storage!!• Lipids-Main Function = Energy Storage• Proteins-Your body uses protein to build and

repair tissues. You also use protein to make enzymes, hormone, and other body chemicals. Protein is an important building block of bones, muscles, cartilage, skin, and blood.

• Nucleic Acids-Stores genetic information Gene – specific piece of DNA that codes for a specific protein.

FOOD

• Carbohydrates: Bread, rice, pasta• Protein-Meat • Lipids (unsaturated and saturated)-next page• Nucleic Acids: living organisms

• Unsaturated Fat– FA chains with double bonds– Harder for body to break down, but more

useful– Liquid at room temp– Causes kinks in chains– Most PLANT fats; ex. Vegetable Oil

• Saturated Fat– FA chain that has all single bonds– Easier for body to break down, but not as

useful – Solid at room temp– Straight FA chains– Most ANIMAL fats; ex. Butter

Monomers and Polymers

Name the monomers and polymers for each Macromolecule:

• Carbohydrates:• Proteins:• Lipids:• Nucleic Acids:

Carbohydrates: • Monomer = Monosaccharides• Polymer = Polysaccharides – many monosaccharides

Proteins:– Monomer = Amino Acids– AA’s connected by peptide bond – Polymer = Many AA’s = Polypeptide = PROTEIN!

Lipids:• No polymers + No True monomer– Instead glycerol + fatty acid chains

Nucleic Acids:• Monomer = Nucleotides• Polymer = DNA or RNA

Chemistry

• What are the 3 subparticles of an atom?• Draw a Carbon molecule: Carbon has 6

protons; 6 neutrons; and 6 electrons.• When a Carbon loses an electron, what

happens? What does the atom become?• When a Carbon gains an electron, what

happens? What does the atom become?

1) proton, electron, neutron2) D

3) Atom will be come positive (+1). It becomes an ion (specifically a cation)

4) Atom will be come negative (11). It becomes an ion (specifically an anion)

Water and Enzymes1) 5 properties of water2) What does an enzyme do?3) Endothermic reaction?4) Exothermic reaction?

WATER PROPERTIES:1. Cohesion2. Adhesion3. High Specific Heat4. Less Dense as a Solid5. Water is a terrific solvent

ENZYME:• Special type of protein (a catalyst) that speeds up chemical reactions by lowering

activation energy• Involved in most chemical reactions

REACTIONS:• Endothermic (Endergonic) Reactions – absorbs energy

– Energy absorbed from surroundings and stored in bonds– Ex: Photosynthesis– Products have more ENERGY than reactants

• Exothermic (Exergonic) Reactions – releases energy– Releases ENERGY to environment– Ex: Cellular Respiration– Reactants have more ENERGY than products