[FINAL] LP and Rationale

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

  • 8/12/2019 [FINAL] LP and Rationale

    1/29

    Component 3: Lesson Plan and Rationale Aiko NakamuraMA TESOL 1

    Rationale

    This lesson is part of an intermediate-level freshman English Composition course

    designed to develop students writing skills using accurate grammatical knowledge

    based on various reading and listening materials. The students are college freshmen

    from Japan. The goal of the course is to engage students in writing as a process of

    expressing and organizing their ideas more creatively and effectively for real-world use.

    The course covers a wide range of genres in composition using real-life materials

    including books, magazines, newspapers, videos, and music as stimuli to elicit student

    writing (Ferris & Hedgcock, 2014).

    The aim of the lesson is to engage students in the process of reproducing a

    narrative creatively and making them feel confident with their article use. To facilitate a

    student-centered class, the lesson is formatted as a flipped class (Tucker, 2012) where

    students learn information on the topics of in-class activities beforehand and perform

    hands-on tasks in class. This lesson comes at an earlier stage in the course after students

    produce several narratives and descriptive essays in the previous lessons. In the lesson,

    the teacher selects articles (a, an, the, and) based on studentscommon learning

    difficulty (Ellis, 2006) as noticed in their writing. Students demonstrate their

    understanding of the form, meaning, and use of articles by completing a gap-fill exercise

    in class at the end of the lesson and posting a 100-word comment on YouTube for

    homework.

    Target Grammar Point: Articles

    Articles are very challenging for Japanese students, even for the advanced ones,

    because the Japanese language has no articles. English distinguishes between singular

    vs. plural and countable vs. uncountable nouns with the definite (the), indefinite (a/an),

    and zero () articles, collocating with different forms of nouns (Celce-Murcia & Larsen-

  • 8/12/2019 [FINAL] LP and Rationale

    2/29

    Component 3: Lesson Plan and Rationale Aiko NakamuraMA TESOL 2

    Freeman, 1999; Cowan, 2008), while Japanese does not distinguish them at all. For

    example, a book, the book, books, or the bookscan be translated into one form in

    Japanese (Storm, 2003). Articles are also used to express definiteness and indefiniteness

    of nouns in English (Celce-Murcia & Larsen-Freeman, 1999; Cowan, 2008) while, in

    Japanese, they are either not expressed in forms but recognized by context, or expressed

    through non-anaphoric or anaphoric use of demonstratives (Johnson, 2008). This lesson

    fosters studentsawareness of how articles in English provide information about nouns.

    Choice of Materials

    This lesson uses a picture book called Where the Wild Things Arewritten by

    Maurice Sendak (1964). The material was chosen to promote students creativity in

    writing, as the picture book involves unique and exciting pictures with a very

    imaginative narrative. Using such an authentic material also makes language learning

    more fun and motivating for students (Tomlinson, 2012).

    In addition, the text used in the post-task is at the appropriate level for this group

    of students: Kincaid Grade Level of 8.5 demonstrates suitable readability for

    intermediate level of students. LexTutor Vocabulary Profiler (http://www.lextutor.ca/)

    indicates that only 5.95 percent of the lexical tokens in the text are not in theAcademic

    Word List (Appendix G), showing that most of the words in the text are recognizable by

    students.

    Task-Based Language Teaching

    This lesson aims to cultivate students understanding of the form, meaning, and

    use of articles with a communicative approach based on Task-Based Language Teaching

    (TBLT). TBLT involves a real-life task in which students use the target language to

    achieve an outcome with their primary attention on the meaning of language use (Ellis,

    2003, 2005; Nassaji & Fotos, 2011; Willis & Willis, 2007). The inductive approach to

    http://www.lextutor.ca/http://www.lextutor.ca/
  • 8/12/2019 [FINAL] LP and Rationale

    3/29

    Component 3: Lesson Plan and Rationale Aiko NakamuraMA TESOL 3

    grammar fosters learner autonomy, providing them with the skills necessary beyond the

    classroom when they work on their own (Carter, Hughes, & McCarthy, 2000). TBLT

    balances the attention to accuracy, complexity, and fluency of the target language (Ellis,

    2003, 2005; Nassaji & Fotos, 2011; Willis & Willis, 2007). For students who have learned

    English grammar with little emphasis on fluency (Mills & Kennedy, 2013), TBLT is an

    effective way to develop their awareness of how language works through

    communication.

    Before Lesson

    Before the lesson, students have watched a 4-minute long YouTube video

    (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6cOEFnppm_A)narrating the story of Where the

    Wild Things Are. This video, an individual listening activity, allows for a multimodal

    practice that is visual and auditory (Brown, 2007), and accommodates students

    different learning styles (Purpura, 2014).

    Pre-task Phase

    The lesson is comprised of three stages: pre-task, during-task, and post-task. In

    the pre-task phase, the teacher introduces Where the Wild Things Are. The teacher draws

    their interest on the material and activates their content and cultural schemata (Ferris &

    Hedgcock, 2014) by asking them to think what is unique and creative about the story,

    what are the messages conveyed by the story, and their personal opinions on the story.

    The schema-activation is done with the whole class to bring students attention quickly

    on the task and prepare them efficiently for the next task (Richards & Farrell, 2011).

    Subsequently, the main task of the lesson is introduced with the teachers modelof the

    task.

    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6cOEFnppm_Ahttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6cOEFnppm_A
  • 8/12/2019 [FINAL] LP and Rationale

    4/29

    Component 3: Lesson Plan and Rationale Aiko NakamuraMA TESOL 4

    During-task Phase

    Students engage in a joint construction (Ferris & Hedgcock, 2014) of a narrative

    in groups. It is a collaborative output task in which students discuss what sentences best

    convey the meaning that they want about the images (Appendix A). This activity pushes

    students to produce output accurately through negotiation of meaning as they recognize

    and overcome linguistic difficulties through interaction (Long, 1983; Swain, 2000;

    Nassaji & Fotos, 2011). This collaborative process of creating sentences allows for

    collective scaffolding (Donato, 1994) in which students socially interact and guide each

    other to make meaning and construct new knowledge.

    Post-task Phase

    After students complete generating a narrative for Where the Wild Things Are,

    students engage in a consciousness-raising activity (Ellis, 2002; Fotos, 1994; Rutherford,

    1987) and assessments. A consciousness-raising activity allows students to focus on

    form and be aware of the meaning-focused use of the target form through

    communicative input (Fotos, 1994). For example, in the lesson, students are asked to

    identify 1) all the instances of a, an, and the in the text, and 2) recognize patterns

    associated with them. This procedure is done as a class through negotiated interactions

    with each other to discuss and reach a consensus. Such a communicative approach to a

    grammar point promotes improved learner comprehension of the target form (Fotos,

    1994; Fotos & Ellis, 1991).

    To assess their understanding of article use, the teacher provides a gap-fill

    exercise (Appendix D), which is an effective testing method to assess chosen aspects of

    language (Alderson, Clapham & Wall, 1995). The exercise is based on the text from

    Where the Wild Things Are. To ensure that all students do not stumble with some of the

    off-list words such as mischief, rumpus, andgnash, the teacher scaffolds by providing a

  • 8/12/2019 [FINAL] LP and Rationale

    5/29

    Component 3: Lesson Plan and Rationale Aiko NakamuraMA TESOL 5

    vocabulary list. After the completion of this task, students integrate their listening skills

    by listening to the YouTube video narration of the text and self-assess their performance

    on the exercise. This procedure allows them to evaluate their creative retelling of the

    story.

    As an assignment for next class, students are asked to briefly write about their

    opinions regarding the story in no more than 100 words, and post it on the YouTube

    page (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6cOEFnppm_A)as a comment (Appendix F).

    This assignment allows students to reflect on what they learned regarding article use,

    and engages them in a real-life activity of providing an opinion as a member of social

    community (Duff, 2007).

    (word count: 1200 words excluding the headings)

    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6cOEFnppm_Ahttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6cOEFnppm_A
  • 8/12/2019 [FINAL] LP and Rationale

    6/29

    Component 3: Lesson Plan and Rationale Aiko NakamuraMA TESOL 6

    Lesson Plan

    Lesson Length: 120 minutes (including a 10-minute break)

    Educational Setting:

    Intermediate-level freshman English Composition class for undergraduatestudents in Japan. The class meets twice a week. The course focuses on writing and grammar skills. The course realized a flipped class where students are asked to expose

    themselves to various topics as homework before every class to engage in hands-on tasks during class meetings.

    Learner Background: 15 adult Japanese learners of English who are at the age of 19 and 20. They have learned English throughout middle school and high school, and

    therefore have basic knowledge of grammar. They have little experience writing in English.

    Materials:(Make sure that all students or at least one person for each group has a laptop.)

    Whiteboard (WB), projector, and laptops Google Presentation:

    https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1p0ZtkIUl3awrEJ1y0DSUCwZ7MLoAeCo-yAek1pLVvFk/edit?usp=sharing(All slides in Appendix A)

    Retelling a Narrative on Your Blog handout (Appendix B) Article Use Table handout (Appendix C) Gap-fill activity worksheet (Appendix D) YouTube video:

    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6cOEFnppm_A(Appendix E)

    Homework for next class (Appendix F)

    Terminal Objectives: (Students will be able to) Retell a story of a picture book creatively by working collaboratively with their

    classmates. Demonstrate their accurate understanding of article use in writing.

    Enabling Objectives: (Students will be able to )

    Recognize the uniqueness and creativeness of the picture book by discussingwith classmates.

    Cultivate their creative writing skills by collaboratively reconstructing thenarrative of a picture book based on pictures.

    Identify different forms of articles in their own texts by attending to headnouns/noun phrases.

    Infer grammatical patterns with regard to the definite, indefinite, and zeroarticles by attending to the use and meaning of each form.

    Complete a gap-fill exercise for articles successfully by referring to the patternsthey identified with articles in the lesson.

    Prior Assignment:Students were asked to watch a YouTube video about a picturebook called Where the Wild Things Are

    (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6cOEFnppm_A)in preparation for this lesson.

    https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1p0ZtkIUl3awrEJ1y0DSUCwZ7MLoAeCo-yAek1pLVvFk/edit?usp=sharinghttps://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1p0ZtkIUl3awrEJ1y0DSUCwZ7MLoAeCo-yAek1pLVvFk/edit?usp=sharinghttps://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1p0ZtkIUl3awrEJ1y0DSUCwZ7MLoAeCo-yAek1pLVvFk/edit?usp=sharinghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6cOEFnppm_Ahttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6cOEFnppm_Ahttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6cOEFnppm_Ahttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6cOEFnppm_Ahttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6cOEFnppm_Ahttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6cOEFnppm_Ahttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6cOEFnppm_Ahttps://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1p0ZtkIUl3awrEJ1y0DSUCwZ7MLoAeCo-yAek1pLVvFk/edit?usp=sharinghttps://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1p0ZtkIUl3awrEJ1y0DSUCwZ7MLoAeCo-yAek1pLVvFk/edit?usp=sharing
  • 8/12/2019 [FINAL] LP and Rationale

    7/29

    Component 3: Lesson Plan and Rationale Aiko NakamuraMA TESOL 7

    Lesson Outline

    Time &

    ActivityProcedures Materials

    5 minsSettling in

    Arrange desks in groups of three and have Ss sit. Greet Ss and prepare for lesson. Ask some warm-up questions: how are you doing,

    what did you do over the weekend, etc.

    N/A

    8-10 minsPre-task:Explaininganddemonstrating

    Ask if everyone was able to watch the YouTube video,and if anyone had already read the book before.

    Have Ss take their PCs out. Explain that they will reproduce the narrative together

    in their own words as a class based on the actual imagesfrom the book, using their memory from the YouTubevideo.

    Have Ss access the Google Presentation site:https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1p0ZtkIUl3awrEJ1y0DSUCwZ7MLoAeCo-yAek1pLVvFk/edit?usp=sharingwhile preparing to showthe site on the projector screen.

    Explain that the first slide with an image is an example,and that each group will be in charge of two images ontwo slides.(e.g., Group 1 will be in charge of the 2ndand the 3rdslide,

    Group 2 the 4thand the 5thslide, Group 3 the 6thand the7thslide, Group 4 the 8thand the 10thslide, and Group 5the last two slides.)

    Make sure that each group is aware of which slidestheyre in charge of.

    Distribute Retelling a Narrative on Your Blog handout(Appendix B).

    Tell them that they will come up with five sentences intotal that describe what is happening in their imagesfollowing the rules indicated on the handout.

    Go over the rules on the handout. Model: on the first slide, type out example sentences

    corresponding to the first image where space is providedbelow the image (see Appendix A):

    Ex)Max who is wearing a wolf suit is a wild boy who likesto make mischief. This night, he decides to build a tent in

    his room with a hammer, nails, a blanket, and towels.

    Ask Ss to assign themselves each to a role: typist,presenter, and board writer.

    Laptops

    Projector andscreen

    GooglePresentation(Appendix A)

    Handout(Appendix B)

    https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1p0ZtkIUl3awrEJ1y0DSUCwZ7MLoAeCo-yAek1pLVvFk/edit?usp=sharinghttps://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1p0ZtkIUl3awrEJ1y0DSUCwZ7MLoAeCo-yAek1pLVvFk/edit?usp=sharinghttps://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1p0ZtkIUl3awrEJ1y0DSUCwZ7MLoAeCo-yAek1pLVvFk/edit?usp=sharinghttps://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1p0ZtkIUl3awrEJ1y0DSUCwZ7MLoAeCo-yAek1pLVvFk/edit?usp=sharinghttps://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1p0ZtkIUl3awrEJ1y0DSUCwZ7MLoAeCo-yAek1pLVvFk/edit?usp=sharinghttps://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1p0ZtkIUl3awrEJ1y0DSUCwZ7MLoAeCo-yAek1pLVvFk/edit?usp=sharing
  • 8/12/2019 [FINAL] LP and Rationale

    8/29

    Component 3: Lesson Plan and Rationale Aiko NakamuraMA TESOL 8

    18-20 minsDuring-task 1:Collaborativelanguageproduction

    Transition by asking groups to start working on creatingthe narrative.

    Once all groups have their narratives ready, ask thepresenter in each group to read aloud the narrative totheir images, starting from Group 1. Move the slides on

    the screen accordingly as each group presents.

    Laptops

    Projector andscreen

    GooglePresentation(Appendix A)

    20-23 minsDuring-task 2:Negotiationfor meaning

    Ask all groups to copy paste their sentences on the finalslide of the Presentation where it says Lets put the

    narratives together, next to the corresponding numbers

    of your images.

    Once again, ask the presenters to read their sentences,starting from Group 1.

    Evaluation of story reproduction and creative writing: Ask Ss to discuss in groups the following questions.

    - Are there any missing pieces of information in thestory compared to the original story?

    - Any parts of the story that you like that werewritten by other groups? Why?

    - Which sentences do you think are most creative?- What is one change you would like to make in the

    narrative?

    Have groups share their thoughts to class. Allow Ss to take a 10-minute break.

    Laptops

    Projector andscreen

    GooglePresentation

    (Appendix A)

    Break(10 mins)

    N/A

    12-15 minsPost-task 1:Consciousness-raising andpattern

    generation

    Make sure that Ss are back in their own groups.Definite and Indefinite Articles In groups, ask Ss to highlight in yellow all the instances

    of a, an, thein their own sentences directly on the Lets

    put the sentences together page on Google Presentation. Provide an example using the example sentences for the

    first image (already typed out on the Lets put thesentences together slide)

    Ex)Max who is wearing a wolf suit is a wild boy who likesto make mischief. This night, he decides to build a tent in

    his room with a hammer, nails, a blanket, and towels.

    Make sure that Ss did not miss highlighting any articles. Ask the presenterin each group to read the sentences

    aloud again while encouraging everyone to pay attentionto the highlighted articles and the words following them.

    Laptops

    Projector andscreen

    GooglePresentation(Appendix A)

  • 8/12/2019 [FINAL] LP and Rationale

    9/29

    Component 3: Lesson Plan and Rationale Aiko NakamuraMA TESOL 9

    Ask Ss what patterns they can identify concerning thepositions of a, anor thein the sentences.

    Write out the rules on the WB as Ss identify patterns. Make sure they recognize that:

    -articles always occur before noun phrases

    -aand an do not precede plural countable nouns-the can precede singular, plural countable nounsand uncountable nouns

    Draw Ss attention to the same nouns collocating withdifferent articles in the text (e.g., a boy, the boy).

    Ask them why different articles precede the same nouns.In what cases, does this happen?

    Allow Ss to make inferences based on the text that theygenerated themselves.

    Teach/confirm that:-when a noun is in the second-mention, theisusually required before them.-when a noun refers to something specificallyidentifiable, theis used.-when a noun refers to something identifiable ingeneral, a/anis used with singular countablenouns.

    Whiteboard

    10-12 minsPost-task 2:Promotenoticing andPatterngeneration

    Zero Articles

    Now ask Ss to underline all the instances of nounphrases in the respective sentences.

    Provide an example using the example sentences again.Ex)Max who is wearing a wolf suit is a wild boy who likesto make mischief. This night, he decides to build a tent in

    his room with a hammer, nails, a blanket, and towels.

    Allow Ss to notice that some nouns are preceded byarticles but some are not. For example, mischiefandtowelsin the example sentence.

    Teach them that we can call those instances having zeroarticles (). Write the symbol on the WB.

    Ask Ss if they can notice any patterns with zero articles. Write out the rules on the WB as Ss identify them. Make sure Ss recognize that:

    -zero articles always precede proper nouns such asMax.

    -zero articles can precede plural nouns but notsingular nouns.-zero articles precede uncountable nouns.-when the zero article precedes a noun, the noun

    refers to something identifiable in general Distribute Article Use Table (Appendix C)

    Laptops

    Projector andscreen

    GooglePresentation(Appendix A)

    Whiteboard

    ArticleUseTable

    (Appendix C)

  • 8/12/2019 [FINAL] LP and Rationale

    10/29

    Component 3: Lesson Plan and Rationale Aiko NakamuraMA TESOL 10

    Have Ss place checkmarks on the table individuallybased on the rules that they just came up with.

    Go over the table and make sure that everyone hascheckmarks in appropriate boxes as well as an exampleword that corresponds with each article.

    Informal Assessment Pick a random noun phrase in the text by pointing at

    it (or highlighting) and ask Ss why the noun phrase ispreceded by the particular article.

    Repeat the exercise for a couple of times withdifferent noun phrases to check if Ss have fullygrasped the patterns.

    15-20 mins

    Post-task 3:Assessment

    Transition by telling Ss that now they will look at theoriginal story of Where the Wild Things Are, and thatthey will try to locate correct articles in the text.

    Also tell Ss to see how much they were able to retell thestory creatively and expressively as they work on theexercise.

    Provide Ss with the gap-fill exercise sheet (Appendix D). Before asking Ss to get started on the activity, go over

    the vocabulary list at the bottom, and make sure they areaware of the meanings of difficult (off-list) words.

    Have Ss work individually on the exercise using theArticle Use Table (Appendix C).

    Ask Ss to compare their answers with the group. Play the YouTube video Ss watched for homework, to

    have Ss check their answers.

    Review correct answers as a class. Invite Ss to ask questions regarding the answers. Provide

    any necessary explanations.

    Gap-fill

    Exercise Sheet(Appendix D)

    YouTube

    Video(Appendix E)

    5 minsClosing/Homework

    Distribute homework (Appendix F). Explain directionsand allow for questions.

    Homework(Appendix F)

    Contingency Plan

    In case students cannot access the Google Presentation on the Internet, prepare

    printouts of the Google Presentation slides (Appendix A). Adjust instructions

    accordingly to carry out during-task and post-task activities manually on the printouts.

  • 8/12/2019 [FINAL] LP and Rationale

    11/29

    Component 3: Lesson Plan and Rationale Aiko NakamuraMA TESOL 11

    Appendix AGoogle Presentation

  • 8/12/2019 [FINAL] LP and Rationale

    12/29

    Component 3: Lesson Plan and Rationale Aiko NakamuraMA TESOL 12

  • 8/12/2019 [FINAL] LP and Rationale

    13/29

    Component 3: Lesson Plan and Rationale Aiko NakamuraMA TESOL 13

  • 8/12/2019 [FINAL] LP and Rationale

    14/29

    Component 3: Lesson Plan and Rationale Aiko NakamuraMA TESOL 14

  • 8/12/2019 [FINAL] LP and Rationale

    15/29

    Component 3: Lesson Plan and Rationale Aiko NakamuraMA TESOL 15

  • 8/12/2019 [FINAL] LP and Rationale

    16/29

    Component 3: Lesson Plan and Rationale Aiko NakamuraMA TESOL 16

  • 8/12/2019 [FINAL] LP and Rationale

    17/29

    Component 3: Lesson Plan and Rationale Aiko NakamuraMA TESOL 17

    Images from: Sendak, M. (1964). Where the wild things are. USA: Harper Collins Publishers.

  • 8/12/2019 [FINAL] LP and Rationale

    18/29

    Component 3: Lesson Plan and Rationale Aiko NakamuraMA TESOL 18

    Appendix BRetelling a Narrative on Your Blog Handout

    Retelling a Narrative on Your Blog

    Materials:

    Laptops Google Presentation:

    (https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1p0ZtkIUl3awrEJ1y0DSUCwZ7MLoAeCo-yAek1pLVvFk/edit?usp=sharing)

    Task:

    You have just read a picture book called Where the Wild Things Are written byMaurice Sendak (1964). Pretend that you have your own blog. Share the story with

    others on the blog by retelling the construct in your own words.

    Directions:

    In groups, you will collaboratively and creatively reconstruct the narrative basedon the images pasted on a Google Presentation. The images are extracted directlyfrom the picture book.

    Each group is assigned two images on separate slides. You will come up with 5sentences in total that describe the story conveyed by the two images. Once thesentences are complete, type them under the image that the sentences correspondwith. Narratives from each group will be compiled at the end to complete the

    whole story.

    Make sure that all the rules listed below in the checklist are marked as youconstruct your narrative.

    Rules for Constructing Your Narrative

    There are at least 5 sentences in total for two images. Each sentence has at least 15 words. The sentences flow well as part of a narrative. The sentences describe the images well so that the readers can

    visualize the scene without having the images at hand.

    The character names are consistent.*Make sure to use Maxfor the boys name, and wild things to refer tothe monsters

    Your narrative is creative and enjoyable!

    https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1p0ZtkIUl3awrEJ1y0DSUCwZ7MLoAeCo-yAek1pLVvFk/edit?usp=sharinghttps://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1p0ZtkIUl3awrEJ1y0DSUCwZ7MLoAeCo-yAek1pLVvFk/edit?usp=sharinghttps://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1p0ZtkIUl3awrEJ1y0DSUCwZ7MLoAeCo-yAek1pLVvFk/edit?usp=sharinghttps://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1p0ZtkIUl3awrEJ1y0DSUCwZ7MLoAeCo-yAek1pLVvFk/edit?usp=sharinghttps://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1p0ZtkIUl3awrEJ1y0DSUCwZ7MLoAeCo-yAek1pLVvFk/edit?usp=sharinghttps://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1p0ZtkIUl3awrEJ1y0DSUCwZ7MLoAeCo-yAek1pLVvFk/edit?usp=sharing
  • 8/12/2019 [FINAL] LP and Rationale

    19/29

    Component 3: Lesson Plan and Rationale Aiko NakamuraMA TESOL 19

    Appendix CArticle Use Table Handout

    Article Use Table

    Directions: Complete the table below. Place a checkmark () in the columnnext to each article if it can be used before the noun at the top of thecolumn. Provide an example of a noun in each box that you place acheckmark (e.g., a singular countable noun = a hammer).

    Articles

    A singular countable

    noun,e.g. a hammer

    A plural countable

    noun,e.g. towels

    An uncountable

    noun,e.g. mischief

    A proper noun,

    e.g. Max

    a/an

    the

    (zero)

  • 8/12/2019 [FINAL] LP and Rationale

    20/29

    Component 3: Lesson Plan and Rationale Aiko NakamuraMA TESOL 20

    Answer Sheet for Teacher

    Make sure that students have written down appropriate words in each box that has acheckmark. Example answers are written in the table.

    ArticlesA singular countable

    noun,e.g. a hammer

    A plural countablenoun,

    e.g. towels

    An uncountablenoun,

    e.g. mischief

    A proper noun,e.g. Max

    a/an

    a boat

    the

    the room

    The wild things

    the furniture

    (zero) trees

    water

    Max

  • 8/12/2019 [FINAL] LP and Rationale

    21/29

    Component 3: Lesson Plan and Rationale Aiko NakamuraMA TESOL 21

    Appendix DGap-fill Exercise

    Where the Wild Things Are

    Directions: Fill in the blanks with appropriate articles (a, an, the or ). Youmay refer to the Article Use Table handout to determine your choice.

    The night Max wore his wolf suit and made mischief of one kind and another. His

    mother called him WILD THING! and Max said ILL EAT YOU UP! So he was sent to

    bed without eating anything. That very night in Maxs room forest grew and

    grewand grew until his ceiling hung with vines and walls became the

    world all around and ocean tumbled by with private boat for Max and he

    sailed off through night and day and in and out of weeks and almost over year to

    where wild things are.

    And when he came to place where wild things are, they roared their

    terrible roars and gnashed their terrible teeth and rolled their terrible eyes and

    showed their terrible claws till Max said BE STILL! and tamedthem with magic

    trick of staring into all their yellow eyes without blinking once and they were

    frightened and called him most wild thing of all and made him king of all wild

    things. And now, cried Max, let wild rumpus start!

    Now stop! Max said and sent wild things off to bed without their supper.And Max king of all wild things was lonely and wanted to be where someone

    loved him best of all. Then all around from far away across world he smelled

    good things to eat so he gave up being king of where wild things are. But

    wild things cried, Oh please dont gowell eat you upwe love you so! And Max

    said, No! wild things roared their terrible roars and gnashed their terrible

    teeth and rolled their terrible eyes and showed their terrible claws but Max stepped

    into his private boat and waved good-bye and sailed back over year and in and

    out of weeks and through day and into night of his very own room

    where he found his supper waiting for him and it was still hot.

    Vocabulary

    mischief: bad behavior vines: a climbing plant that grows long, attaching themselves to other plants or

    buildings

    tumble: to fall in a sudden uncontrolled way gnash: to grind the teeth together claw: a sharp carved nail on an animal stare: to look at someone or something for a long time

    blink: to close and open your eyes quickly rumpus: a noisy disturbance

  • 8/12/2019 [FINAL] LP and Rationale

    22/29

    Component 3: Lesson Plan and Rationale Aiko NakamuraMA TESOL 22

    ceiling: the upper surface of the roomAnswer Sheet for Teacher

    The night Max wore his wolf suit and made mischief of one kind and another. Hismother called him WILD THING! and Max said ILL EAT YOU UP! So he was sent to

    bed without eating anything. That very night in Maxs room a forest grew and

    grewand grew until his ceiling hung with vines and the walls became theworld all around and an ocean tumbled by with a private boat for Max and he

    sailed off through night and day and in and out of weeks and almost over a year to

    where the wild things are.

    And when he came to the place where the wild things are, they roared their

    terrible roars and gnashed their terrible teeth and rolled their terrible eyes and

    showed their terrible claws till Max said BE STILL! and tamed them with the magic

    trick of staring into all their yellow eyes without blinking once and they were

    frightened and called him the most wild thing of all and made him king of all wild

    things. And now, cried Max, let the wild rumpus start!

    Now stop! Max said and sent the wild things off to bed without their supper.And Max the king of all wild things was lonely and wanted to be where someone

    loved him best of all. Then all around from far away across the world he smelled

    good things to eat so he gave up being king of where the wild things are. Butwild things cried, Oh please dont gowell eat you upwe love you so! And Max

    said, No! The wild things roared their terrible roars and gnashed their terrible

    teeth and rolled their terrible eyes and showed their terrible claws but Max stepped

    into his private boat and waved good-bye and sailed back over a year and in and

    out of weeks and through a day and into the night of his very own room

    where he found his supper waiting for him and it was still hot.

  • 8/12/2019 [FINAL] LP and Rationale

    23/29

    Component 3: Lesson Plan and Rationale Aiko NakamuraMA TESOL 23

    Appendix EYouTube Video of Where the Wild Things Are

    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6cOEFnppm_A

    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6cOEFnppm_Ahttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6cOEFnppm_Ahttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6cOEFnppm_A
  • 8/12/2019 [FINAL] LP and Rationale

    24/29

    Component 3: Lesson Plan and Rationale Aiko NakamuraMA TESOL 24

    Appendix FHomework for Next Class

    Comment on YouTube Video!

    Due: (next class)

    Directions: Now that you are an expert of Where the Wild Things Are, lets post acomment in about 100 words regarding your opinion on the story. You may alsodirect your comment to the author of the video indicating what you thoughtabout the video itself. (You might get a response from him directly!)

    Here are the steps:

    1. Access the link to the YouTubevideo for Where the Wild ThingsArethat you watched forhomework.

    2. Make sure that you have aYouTube account (or Googleaccount because it is connected

    with YouTube), and check thatyou are able to post a commentunder the video where it says,Share your thoughts.

    3. Draft your comment on aseparate sheet of paper or aword document. Review theArticle Use Sheet to make sure

    that you have used articlesaccurately.

    4. Copy and paste your commentin the comment box onYouTube, and click on Post!

    The link to the video:

    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6cOEFnppm_A

    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6cOEFnppm_Ahttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6cOEFnppm_Ahttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6cOEFnppm_A
  • 8/12/2019 [FINAL] LP and Rationale

    25/29

    Component 3: Lesson Plan and Rationale Aiko NakamuraMA TESOL 25

    Appendix G

  • 8/12/2019 [FINAL] LP and Rationale

    26/29

    Component 3: Lesson Plan and Rationale Aiko NakamuraMA TESOL 26

  • 8/12/2019 [FINAL] LP and Rationale

    27/29

    Component 3: Lesson Plan and Rationale Aiko NakamuraMA TESOL 27

    References

    Alderson, J. Clapham, C. Wall, D. (1995). Language test construction and evaluation.

    Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Brown, H. D. (2007). Teaching by principles: An interactive approach to language

    pedagogy. NY: Pearson Education, Inc.

    Carter, R., Hughes, R., & McCarthy, M. (2000). Exploring grammar in context: Grammar

    reference and practice upper-intermediate and advanced. Cambridge, UK:

    Cambridge University Press.

    Celce-Murcia, M. & Larsen-Freeman, D. (1999). The Grammar Book: An ESL/EFL teachers

    course. Boston, MA: Heinle Cengage Learning.

    Cowan, R. (2008). The teachers grammar of English: A course book and reference guide.

    New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

    Donato, R. (1994). Collective scaffolding in second language learning. In J. P. Lantolf & G.

    Appel (Eds.), Vygotskian perspectives to second language research(pp. 33-56).

    Norwood, NJ: Ablex.

    Duff, A. P. (2007). Second language socialization as sociocultural theory: Insights and

    issues. Language Teaching, 40, 309-319. doi:10.1017/S0261444807004508

    Ellis, R. (2002). Grammar teaching practice or consciousness-raising? In J. C.Richards &

    W. A. Renandya (Eds.), Methodology in language teaching: An anthology of current

    practice (pp. 167-74). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Ellis, R. (2003). Task-based language teaching and learning. Oxford, UK: Oxford

    University Press.

    Ellis, R. (2005). Instructed language learning and task-based teaching. In E. Hinkel (Ed.),

    Handbook of research in second language teaching and learning(pp. 713-728).

    Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

  • 8/12/2019 [FINAL] LP and Rationale

    28/29

    Component 3: Lesson Plan and Rationale Aiko NakamuraMA TESOL 28

    Ellis, R. (2006). Current issues in the teaching of grammar: An SLA perspective. TESOL

    Quarterly,40, 83-107.

    Ferris, D., & Hedgcock, J. (2014). Teaching L2 composition: Purpose, process, and practice

    (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.

    Fotos, S. (1994). Integrating grammar instruction and communicative language use

    through grammar consciousness-raising tasks. TESOL Quarterly,28(2), 323351.

    Fotos, S. & Ellis, R. (1991). Communicating about grammar: A task-based approach.

    TESOL Quarterly,25(4) pp. 605-628

    Johnson, Y. (2008). Fundamentals of Japanese grammar: Comprehensive acquisition.

    Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.

    Kelin, J. (Producer). (2007). Where the Wild Things Are[Video]. Retrieved from

    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6cOEFnppm_A

    Long, M. (1983). Native speaker/non-native speaker conversation and the negotiation of

    comprehensible input. Applied Linguistics, 4, 126-141.

    Mills, D., & Kennedy, O. (2013). Frozen by fear: Can digital scaffolding help students start

    writing? The JALT CALL Journal, 9, 317-328.

    Nassaji, H., & Fotos, S. (2011). Teaching grammar in second language classrooms:

    Integrating form-focused instruction in communicative context. New York, NY:

    Routledge.

    Purpura, J. E. (2014). Language learner strategies and styles. In M. Celce-Murcia, D.

    Brinton, & M.A. Snow (Eds.), Teaching English as a second or foreign language(pp.

    532-549). Boston: National Geographic Learning.

    Richards, J., & Farrel, T. (2011). Practice teaching: A reflective approach.New York, NY:

    Cambridge University Press.

    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6cOEFnppm_Ahttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6cOEFnppm_A
  • 8/12/2019 [FINAL] LP and Rationale

    29/29