Final Gagne's 9 Events of Instruction.pdf

7/26/2019 Final Gagne's 9 Events of Instruction.pdf

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Gagne`s

Nine Events of Instruction Model

By

Siba Kumar PandaAsst.Prof,Dept of ECE

Centurion University,Odisha

[email protected]


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Stuff

About Robert Gagne's

Gagnes Conditions of Learning Theory

Gagnes four major plans for instructional theory

Gagnes 9Learning Principles

Application Areas

Advantages & Weaknesses of Gagne`s Model

Conclusion

Reference

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Introduction

Instructional design is the process for

systematically creating effective

instruction based on learner needs andrequirements.

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Objective

Understanding the Gagnes Nine Events of

Instruction model

Applications of Gagnes model

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Who is ROBERT GAGNE? Robert Gagne's famous career

began with a bachelor'sdegree from Yale in 1937, anda Ph.D. in 1940 from BrownUniversity and died in 2002.

Gagne's major contributionswere as an experimentalpsychologist who worked withlearning and instructional

methods. His landmark book, "The

Conditions of Learning" waspublished in 1965.

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Gagnes Model

According to Gagnes view, effective instruction

must reach beyond traditional learning theories

(cognitivism, constructivism and behaviorism)

and provide support to transition from simple

to complex skills using an hierarchical model for

learning.

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Gagnes Conditions of Learning Theory1. Verbal information: Reciting something from memory2. Intellectual skills:

Discrimination: Recognizing that two classes of things differConcrete concept: Classifying things by their physical featuresaloneDefined concept: Classifying things by their abstract (andpossibly physical) featuresRule: Applying a simple procedure to solve a problem oraccomplish a taskHigher-order rule: Applying a complex procedure (or multiplesimple procedures) to solve a problem or accomplish a task

3. Cognitive strategies: Inventing or selecting a particular mentalprocess to solve a problem or accomplish a task4. Attitudes: Choosing to behave in a way that reflects a newly-

acquired value or belief5. Motor skills: Performing a physical task to some specified

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Gagnes four major plans for

instructional theory: Learning goals can be categorized as to learning

outcome or knowledge type (types of learning)

Learning outcomes can be represented in apredictable pre requisite relationship (learning

hierarchies) Acquisition of different outcome categories requires

different internal processes (internal conditions oflearning)

Acquisition of different outcome categories requiresidentifiably different instructional processes (eventsof instruction and external conditions of learning).

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1) Gaining attention (reception)2) Informing learners of the objective (expectancy)

3) Stimulating recall of prior learning (retrieval)

4) Presenting the stimulus (selective perception)5) Providing learning guidance (semantic encoding)

6) Eliciting performance (responding)

7) Providing feedback (reinforcement)

8) Assessing performance (retrieval)

9) Enhancing retention and transfer ( generalization)

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Con ..


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Event of

Instruction

Lesson Example/ Conditions of

Learning

Justification

1. Gaining

Attention

(reception)

Teacher tells learners how

he/she has used PowerPoint in

the classroom.

Shows an example or a

PowerPoint.

Asks learners questions about

using PowerPoint.

Giving background information

creates validity.

The use of multimedia grabs

the audiences attention.

Asking questions in the

beginning creates an

interactive atmosphere.

2. Informing

the Learner of

the Objective

(expectancy)

Teacher says, Today we are

going to work on using a

multimedia presentation

software, Microsoft

PowerPoint.

Make learners aware of what to

expect so that they are aware

and prepared to receive

information.

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Con ..


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Event of Instruction Lesson Example/

Conditions of Learning

Justification

3. Stimulating Recall

of Prior Learning

(retrieval)

For this particular group of

learners, they have

learned previously about

Microsoft Windows,

particularly Microsoft

Word. Teacher associates

this knowledge with

lesson at hand.

When learning something

new, assessing prior

knowledge is a major

factor in the process of

acquiring new information.

4. Presenting the

Stimulus (selectiveperception)

Teacher gives students

hands-on, step-by-steptutorial on using Microsoft

PowerPoint.

The goal is information

acquisition, therefore, thestimulus employed is

written content and the

actual software program.

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Event of Instruction Lesson Example/ Conditions

of Learning

Justification

5. Providing

Learner Guidance(semantic

encoding)

Teacher demonstrates how to

create a presentation,Teacher moves around and

shows students how to use

the tools to type text, add

links, add symbols and clip

art, insert videos and

diagrams, use sounds, etc.

Learners are allowed to try

the tools demonstrated in

partners on their computers.

Teacher uses discovery

learning because learnersare adults and it gives

them the freedom to

explore. Teacher facilitates

the learning process by

giving hints and cues

when needed. Since the

audience are pre-service

with some basic level of

technology skills and the

software program is easy

to follow and understand,

guidance is minimal.

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Event of Instruction Lesson Example/

Conditions of Learning

Justification

6. Eliciting

Performance(responding)

Teacher asks students to

demonstrate PowerPointtools.

Requiring the learner to

produce based on what hasbeen taught enables the

learner to confirm their

learning.

Regular feedback enhances

learning.7. Giving Feedback

(reinforcement)

Teacher gives immediate

feedback to learners after

eliciting responses.

8. Assessing

Performance

(retrieval)

Assign a practice activity

Create an electronic story

book using Microsoft

PowerPoint. Teacher

checks work.

Independent practice forces

students to use what they

learned and apply it. Assessing

such gives instructors a means

of testing student learning

outcomes.

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Event of Instruction Lesson Example/ Conditions

of Learning

Justification

9. Enhancing

Retention and

Transfer

( generalization)

Teacher asks learners to

create activities using

PowerPoint presentation for

6th Grade pupils. Teacher also

assigns learner to teachanother learner how to make

PowerPoint presentations.

Applying learning in real-life

situations is a step towards

Mastery Learning.

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Few Application Areas of Gagnes

Nine Events of Instruction

Applying Gagnes Nine Events in the Design of

an Interactive eBook to Learn 3D Animation

A New Approach of Image Processing Teachingby Gagne Learning Conditional Theory

Gagne Nine Steps for E-Learning Education

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Advantages

The domains of learning helps teachers better

organize their thoughts and the objectives of

the instructional lesson (it is a good technique

to put more structure into the objectives oflesson plans).

The domains of learning helps teachers to

better understand what types of learning toexpect to see from their students.

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Weaknesses

The theory is very systematic and inflexible atmost points. The systematic nature of the

theory may be a turn-off for many teachers,

particularly those who like to be creative. The theory is not always easy to implement.

Many times it is difficult to take the goals a

teacher had for students, put them into thecorrect learning outcome category, and then

create objectives using Gagne's standard.

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Conclusion

Gagns Nine Events of Instruction can help buildthe framework with which to prepare and deliverinstructional content.

We should prepare course goals and learning

objectives before implementing the nine events(the goals and objectives will actually help tolocate the events in their proper context).

These nine events of instruction can then bemodified to fit both the content to be presentedand the students level of knowledge.

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Reference1. http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/subscriptions/prod/mdl/

gagnes_nine_events.html \2. Exploring Interactive Whiteboard Use In The 4 6 Grade Classroom Using Gagnes

Nine Events of Instruction, Beth Mckinney, University of Alabama

3. Gagn, R. M., Briggs, L. J., & Wager, W. W. (1992). Principles of instructional design

(4th ed.). Forth Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers

4. V Model of E-Learning Using Gagne Nine Steps of Education, Hasan Al-Shalabi1,Swidan Andraws2, Adnan I. Alrabea3, A. V. Senthil Kumar4, Journal of Software

Engineering and Applications, 2012, 5, 850-854

5. Jaemu Lee and Yong-Jae Lee , Development and Application of E-Learning

Content for Advertising Education , International Journal of Advanced Science and

Technology , vol. 47, oct-2012.

6. Swidan etal. , V Model of E-Learning Using Gagne Nine Steps of Education ,Journal of Software Engineering and Applications,, vol. 5, oct-2012.

7. Liang-Yuan Hsiung, etal. A New Approach of Image Processing Teaching by Gagne

Learning Conditional Theory International Journal of Information and Education

Technology, Vol. 1, No. 1, April 2011

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Final Gagne's 9 Events of Instruction.pdf