FIGURE 9-1 An atom of copper. Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River,

FIGURE 9-1 An atom of copper.

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

All rights reserved.

FIGURE 9-2 Orbital types s, p, and d.




FIGURE 9-3 A two-dimensional representation of a lithium atom.




FIGURE 9-4 Ionic bonding of sodium chloride atoms.




FIGURE 9-4 continued Ionic bonding of sodium chloride atoms.




FIGURE 9-5 Two covalently bonded hydrogen atoms.




FIGURE 9-6 Metallic bonding of copper.




FIGURE 9-7 Energy-level diagrams for (a) insulators; (b) semiconductors; and (c) conductors.




FIGURE 9-7 continued Energy-level diagrams for (a) insulators; (b) semiconductors; and (c) conductors.




FIGURE 9-8 (a) Covalently bonded silicon atoms; (b) a single silicon atom (Si).




FIGURE 9-9 Intrinsic crystal of silicon.




FIGURE 9-10 Current carrier movement in silicon.




FIGURE 9-11 Extrinsic silicon crystal structure.




FIGURE 9-12 Current carriers in an N-type material.




FIGURE 9-13 P-type crystal material.




FIGURE 9-14 Current carriers in a P-type material.




FIGURE 9-16 Indirectly heated tube.




FIGURE 9-17 Secondary emission.




FIGURE 9-18 Photoemissive tube construction and schematic symbol.




FIGURE 9-19 Phototube circuit operation.




FIGURE 9-20 Cadmium sulfide cell construction.




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FIGURE 9-1 An atom of copper. Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River,