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FIGURE 16-1
Pathways for contamination.
FIGURE 16-2
Circumferential cutoff wall.
FIGURE 16-3
Upgradient vertical barrier.
FIGURE 16-4
Down-gradient vertical barrier.
FIGURE 16-5
Embedment of vertical barrier walls.
FIGURE 16-6
Soil-bentonite slurry trench cutoff wall construction schematic.
FIGURE 16-7
Slurry trench excavation.
FIGURE 16-8
Soil-bentonite backfill permeability
test results.
FIGURE 16-9
Soil-bentonite backfill hydraulic conductivity.
FIGURE 16-10
Grain size distribution for soil-bentonite backfill.
FIGURE 16-11
Cement-bentonite permeability test results.
FIGURE 16-12
Schematic of diaphragm slurry trench cutoff wall construction.
FIGURE 16-13
Vibrated-beam cutoff wall.
FIGURE 16-14
DSM augers used to construct a vertical barrier.
FIGURE 16-15
Deep soil-mixed cutoff wall.
FIGURE 16-16
Composite cutoff wall.
FIGURE 16-17
Grouting of rock fractures.
FIGURE 16-18
Potential defects in soil-bentonite slurry trench
cutoff walls.
FIGURE 16-19
Block displacement technique.
FIGURE 16-20
Pump-and-treat performance data for Chem-Dyne Site,
FIGURE 16-21
Single extraction well capture zone (not drawn to scale).
FIGURE 16-22
Single extraction well capture zone (not drawn to scale).
FIGURE 16-23
Partially penetrating single extraction well capture zone (not drawn to scale).
FIGURE 16-24
Schematic of air sparging.
FIGURE 16-25
NoVOCs well construction.
FIGURE 16-26
Section of containment system at Love Canal.
FIGURE 16-27
Biopolymer slurry trench.
FIGURE 16-28
Schematic of SVE system.
FIGURE 16-29
Schematic of soil/soil vapor model.
FIGURE 16-30
An SVE system under construction.
FIGURE 16-31
Effect of distance from vapor extraction well.
FIGURE 16-32
Twin Cities Army ammunition plant ratio of withdrawal rate versus vacuum head.
FIGURE 16-33
Twin Cities army ammunition plant vapor pressure drop versus distance.
FIGURE 16-34
Effective radius of vacuum-influenced normalized pilot-test vacuum data plot.
FIGURE 16-35
Trailer-mounted soil vapor extraction unit.
FIGURE 16-36
Plume management for single extraction well, treatment wall curtain, and funnel-and-gate systems.
FIGURE 16-37
Funnel and gate system configurations.
