fighting climate change.ppt

7/27/2019 fighting climate change.ppt

1/23

Climate change threatens the entire human family.

Yet it also provides an opportunity to come togetherand forge a collective response to a global problem.

It is my hope that we will rise as one to face thischallenge, and leave a better world for future

generations.

Ban Ki- moon, Secretary General of the United

Nations.


2/23

Pakistan HDI Comparison

HDI ValueLife Expectancy

at birth

Adult Literacy rate(% ages 15and older)

Combined primary,secondary andtertiary gross

enrolment ratio (%)

GDP percapita(PPP US

$)

Year 2006 2007 2006 2007 2006 2007 2006 2007 2006 2007

Ranking 134 136 123 123 116 124 158 158 124 127

Value 0.539 0.551 63.4 64.6 49.9 49.9 38.4 40 2.225 2.37


3/23

Pakistan GDI Comparison

HumanPoverty

Index (HPI-I) 2004

Probabilityof not

servingpast age 40

(%)

Adultilliteracyrate (%

ages 15 andolder)

Peoplewithoutaccess toimproved

watersource (%)

2004

childrenunderweight

for age(% ages 0-5)

2004

Year2006

20072006

2007 2006 2007 20062007

2006 2007

Rank 65 77 117 118 106 149 38 35 121 122

Value 36.3 36.2 16.1 15.4 50.1 50.1 9 9 38 38


4/23

Regional Comparison Of Gender-RelatedDevelopment

Gender-relatedDevelopmentIndex (GDI)

Gender-EmpowermentMeasure (GEM)

HumanDevelopmentIndex (HDI)

Country Value Rank Value Rank Value Rank

Sri Lanka0.735 89 0.369 85 0.743 99

India

0.600 113 NA NA 0.619 128

Bangladesh

0.539 121 0.379 81 0.551 136

Pakistan0.525 125 0.377 82 0.547 140


5/23

MDGs and Climate Change

Millennium Development Goals Climate Change Risks

MDG 1Eradicate extreme poverty and

hunger

Depleted livelihood assets, reducedeconomic growth, and undermined foodsecurity.

MDG 2Achieve universal primary

education

Reduced ability of children to participatein full-time education by loss ofinfrastructure, livelihoods (forcing children to

work), and displaced families.

MDG 3Promote gender equality and

empower women

Additional burdens on women's health andtime to participate in decision-making and

income-generating activities.

MDGs4, 5, 6

Reduce child mortality;

Improve maternal health;

Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and

other diseases

Greater prevalence of vector- and water-borne diseases, heat-related mortality.Declining food security, maternal health and

availability of potable water.

MDG 7Ensure environmental

sustainability

Negatively impacted natural resources andproductive ecosystems.


6/23

The 21st Century

climate challenge

One generation plants a tree;

the next generation gets the shade.Chinese Proverb

You already know enough.So do I. It is not knowledge we lack.

What is missing is the courageto understand what we know

and to draw conclusions.Sven Lindqvist


7/23

Rising CO2 emissions are pushing upstocks & increasing temperatures

In the past 100 yearsthe earth has warmed0.70C

Atmospheric

concentrations of CO2are increasing at 1.9ppm each year. Itreached 379 ppm in2005

Between 2000 and 2005an average of 26 Gt ofCO2 was released intothe atmosphere eachyear


8/23

The Global carbon account

Defining dangerous keeping within2C

Establishing a 21st Century carbonbudget

Defining a sustainable emissions

pathway

The problem ofinertia the case foradaptation


9/23

Some people walk morelightly than others

The UK (population 60 million)emits more CO2 than Egypt,Nigeria, Pakistan and Vietnam(total population 472 million)

The state of Texas (population 23million) has a deeper footprint thanthe whole sub-Saharan Africa (720million people)

The 19 million people living in NewYork have a deeper footprint than

the 766 million people living in the50 least developed countries

The distribution of currentemissions points to an inverserelationship between climate

change vulnerability andresponsibility


10/23

How many planets?

If every person living in the

developing world would have the

same carbon footprint as anaverage person in the US or

Canada, we would need the

equivalent ofnine planets toabsorb the consequent carbon

emissions


11/23

Climate shocks:

risk and vulnerabilityin an unequal world

The countries most vulnerable are least ableto protect themselves. They also contributeleast to the global emissions of greenhouse

gases. Without action they will pay a highprice for the actions of others.

Kofi Annan

Like slavery and apartheid, poverty is

not natural. It is man-made andit can be overcome and eradicated by

the actions of human beings.Nelson Mandela


12/23

Disaster risk is skewed towardsdeveloping countries

1 in 19 people areaffected indeveloping countries

The correspondingnumber is 1 in 1,500in OECD countries

A risk differentialof 79


13/23

The human developmentbackdrop

Poverty, child mortality and malnutrition

There are still around 1 billion people living onless than a dollar a day.

Around 28 percent of children in LDCs are

underweight or stunted. Only 32 countries (of 147) are on track to

achieve the MDG on child mortality

Inequality

More than 80 percentof the worldspopulation lives in countries where incomedifferentials are widening

Underlying inequalities act as a barrier forearly recovery after shocks


14/23

Low human development traps

The potential human costs ofclimate change have beenunderstated

Climate related risks force people into

downward spirals of disadvantage thatundermine future opportunities

In Ethiopia, children exposed to a drought inearly childhood are 36 percent more likely to bemalnourished five years later a figure that

translates into 2 million additional cases ofchild malnutrition

Indian women born during a drought or a floodin the 1970s were 19 percent less likely to everattend primary school


15/23

Five human development tippingpoints

Reduced agricultural productivity

Heightened water insecurity

Increased exposure to extreme

weather events

Collapse ofecosystems

Increased health risks


16/23

Avoiding dangerous

climate change:strategies for mitigation

We shall require a substantially new manner

of thinking if mankind is to survive.Albert Einstein

Alone we can do so little;

together we can do so much.Helen Keller

If you are neutral in a situation of injustice,

you have chosen the side of the oppressor.Archbishop Desmond Tutu


17/23

Avoiding dangerous climatechange strategies for mitigation

Setting mitigation targets: currentproblems

Pricing carbon: the role of markets

The role ofpublic policy: regulationand research & development


18/23

Investing in Adaptation

Additional financing needs for climateproofing infrastructure and building

resilience are estimated to be at least 86

billion by 2015

- Climate proofing infrastructure

- Social protection

- Strengthening disaster response


19/23

Climate changenegotiations in Bali

Towards acomprehensive agreementthat tackles climate change on all frontsincluding adaptation, mitigation,

deforestation, clean technologies andresource mobilization

Four pillars:

Financing for mitigation

Funding for adaptationSupport to capacity development

Mainstreaming climate change (throughtechnology transfer)


20/23

The Human Development Reportunderscores that:

The poor are suffering and will suffer morewith climate change. They are at greatestrisk to face human development reversalsleading to low human development traps.

Climate change is an urgent matter. Weneed to act now.

Both mitigation and adaptation are neededto truly fight climate change and the threatsit poses to humanity.

Rich countries must cut emissions by 30%

by 2020 and 80% by 2050.


21/23

The Human Development Reportunderscores that:

International cooperation on finance and

technology transfer is needed. The report

argues for the creation of a Climate ChangeMitigation Facility.

Extreme inequalities in adaptation capacity

exist. International cooperation has beenslow to materialize. Adaptation plans needs

need to be part of wider strategies of

poverty alleviation.


22/23

The world has less than a decade to avoiddangerous climate change that could bringunprecedented human development reversals

Climate change is a threat to humanity as a whole.But it is the poor, a constituency with noresponsibility for the ecological debt we are runningup, who face the most immediate and most severehuman costs

The Human Development Report 2007/2008 callsfor a twin track approach that combines stringentmitigation to limit 21st Century warming to less than2 degree centigrade, with strengthened international

cooperation on adaptation

The forthcoming conference of the parties in Bali isa unique opportunity to put the interests of theworlds poor and future generations at the heart ofclimate change negotiations


23/23

http:/ /hdr.undp.org

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fighting climate change.ppt