Upload
others
View
6
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
2
Introduction
Whatyouseebelowisnottheerectionofasteelstructure.Rather,itisastructurebeingassembledusingEXTREN®fiberglassstructuralmembers.Today,EXTREN®isreplacingsteel,aluminum,andwoodinawidevarietyofstructuralapplications.Why?BecauseEXTREN®isaproblemsolvingmaterial.ThisbrochureprovidesbasicinformationabouttheEXTREN®productlineandshowsmanyexamplesofhowEXTREN®provideslong-term,costeffectivestructuralsolutionsforendusersinvarietyofmarketsandapplications.
ThefeaturesofEXTREN®fiberglassstructuralshapesarereadilytranslatedintouserbenefits:
• CorrosionResistant• LowinConductivity—ThermallyandElectrically• Nonmagnetic—ElectromagneticTransparency• Lightweight—Weighs80%lessthanSteel• HighStrength• DimensionalStability• LowMaintenance• CustomColors
Strongwell's398,000sq.ft.Bristol,Virginiafacilityistheworld'slargestpultrusionoperation.
3
Product Line
EXTREN®isaproprietarycombinationoffiberglassreinforcementsandthermosetpolyesterorvinylesterresinsystems.Itisproducedinmorethan100standardshapes.AllEXTREN®shapeshaveasurfaceveiltoprotectagainstglassfiberspenetratingtheresinsurfaceinserviceandtoincreasecorrosionandUVresistance.
EXTREN®isofferedinthreeseriesdesignedfordifferentenvironmentsandapplications:
EXTREN® 500Anall-purposeseriesutilizinganisophthalicpolyesterresinsystemwithaUVinhibitor.TheresinsystemcanbeformulatedtomeetNSFrequirements.Color:olivegreen
EXTREN® 525Anall-purposeseriesutilizingafireretardantisophthalicpolyesterresinsystemwithaUVinhibitor.Color:slategray(pluscertainhandrailandfixed-laddercomponentsinyellow)
EXTREN® 625Apremiumseries—bothfireretardantandhighlycorrosionresistant—utilizingavinylesterresinsystemwithaUVinhibitor.Color:beige
ThethreeEXTREN®series:(lefttoright)500,625and525.
EXTREN®structuralshapeswereusedinaSXEWcopperrefinerybecauseofthehighlycorrosiveenvironment.
EXTREN®doesnotrotorcorrode,makingittheidealmaterialforcoolingtowerconstruction.
A63'(19.2m)highfreestandingfiberglassstairtoweratFt.StoryArmyBase,VirginiaBeach,Virginia.
4
Markets
• Transportation• Electrical/ElectricalUtility• ChemicalProcessing• CellularCommunications• Consumer/Recreation• BuildingConstruction• FoodandBeverage• PulpandPaper• OilandGas
Lightweight,corrosionresistant24"(610mm)I-beamsspan45'(13.7m)tobridgeclarifiersattheLasRusias,TexasWastewaterTreatmentPlant.
EXTREN®structuralshapeswereusedtofabricatepipesupportstohold1,000linealfeet(304.8m)of54"(1371.6mm)diameterpipe.
• Water/Wastewater• AirPollutionControl• AeronauticalDefense• Plating• Agricultural• Appliance/Equipment• CoastalConstruction• Architectural
AnodorcontrolcoverwasconstructedusingEXTREN®structuralshapesforawastewatertreatmentfacilityinPuertoRico.
TheCraigBrookNationalFishHatcheryinEastOrlandMaineusedcorrosive-resistantEXTREN®structuralshapestoframeroofingstructuresovermoisturerichcrowdingpools.
5
AsystemofFRPspiralstairsandlandingssupportedbyEXTREN®beamscircletheCordovaParkObservationToweratRedRockLakenearDesMoines,Iowa.
EXTREN®fiberglassplateandstructuralshapeswereusedforcellularshieldingandweremadetomatchthestyleandappearanceoftheSantaAnaHistoricalbuilding.
EXTREN®structuralshapeswereusedtofabricatetwelveplatformsholdingthespotlightsthatilluminatetheForthBridgeinScotland.
EXTREN®wasusedastrimonthisOakwoodCommonsbuildinginMichiganbecausethebeamshavetheaestheticsofsteel,however,EXTREN®doesnotneedtobeannuallyrepaintedbecauseofitscorrosionresistance.
A62'(19.5m)tallweathertoweratVandenbergAirForceBasenearSantaBarbara,California,iscomposedofEXTREN®structuralshapes,laddersandDURADEK®pultrudedgrating.
TheAvilaBeachPierinCaliforniawasreconstructedusingEXTREN®structuralshapesforsupport,DURADEK®pultrudedgrating,stairtreadsandhandrail.
6
Designing with EXTREN®
Design By StrongwellStrongwellhasonstaffregisteredprofessionalengineersexperiencedinthedesignoffiberglassstructuresandsystemsforcustomdesignrequirements.Strongwell'sextensiveexperienceinfabricationprocedures,jointdesignandstressanalysisofcompositeassemblies,whencombinedwiththeuseofStrongwellfiberglassproducts,resultsinstructuresofsuperior,cost-effectivedesignandstructuralintegrity.Clear,straightforwarddrawingsofstructuresareprovidedtothecustomerforapprovalbeforefabricationbeginsunlesscustomerdrawingsareprovided.
Design It YourselfTheStrongwellDesign Manual,developedbyStrongwell,isthemostcompletereferenceguideintheindustryfordesigningFRPstructuresandisusedbymoreengineersandarchitectsthananyotherFRPengineeringguide.Withmorethan400pagesofengineeringdata,theDesign Manualincludespropertiesofmaterials,beamandcolumnloadtables,empiricaldesignequationsandsamplecalculations,connectiondetails,andFRPproductandfabricationspecifications.Strongwell'sDesign Manualcanbefoundonlineatwww.strongwell.com.ItisbaseduponyearsofextensiveproducttestingandexperienceinmonitoringapplicationsofEXTREN®fiberglassstructuralshapes,fiberglassgrating,handrailandotherproprietarypultrudedproducts.
EXTREN® Product LogoAproductlogoidentificationprogramhasbeenimplementedbyStrongwellafterdesignersandspecifiersofEXTREN®learnedthatproblemswereoccurringbecausesellersorcontractorsweresubstitutinglook-alikeshapes.
SinceJuly1,1993,allEXTREN®fiberglassstructuralshapesandplatehavebeenimprintedwiththe"EXTREN®MadeintheUSA"logoeverythreefeetdownthelengthofthepart.Squareandroundtubeshavethelogoimprintedinsidetheshape.Smallandunobtrusive,thelogoassurescustomersthattheyaregettingEXTREN®propertiesbackedbycorrosion,mechanicalandstructuraltestingasconductedbyStrongwell.
WARNING!Fiberglassreinforcedthermosetplasticcompositesarenon-homogenousmaterials(i.e.,theirstrengthsandbehavioraredependentuponthedesignofthecompositeandreinforcement).OtherfiberglassstructuralshapeswithasimilarexteriorappearancetoEXTREN®shapesarelikelynotequalinanyotherwaytoEXTREN®,includingglasscontent,glassplacement,glasstype,wetout,resinmixtureorpullspeed.DonotusetheStrongwellDesign Manual todesignastructureunlessyouassurethatonlyEXTREN®structuralsareused.
Strongwell'sDesignManualisfoundonlineatwww.strongwell.comforeasy24-houraccesstothemostup-to-datedesigninformation.GototheDesignManuallog-inpageandclickthe“NewUsers!”linkinyellow.Registeryouremailaddressandinformation;you’llreceiveaccessimmediatelyviaemail.
For pricing call: GEF Incorporated, Winfield WV (304) 755-1600
7
Fabricating with EXTREN®
Inadditiontobeingtheworld'slargestproducerofpultrudedparts,Strongwellisalsothelargestfabricatorofstructuresutilizingpultrudedcomponents.
Typicalfabricationsincludebeam,columnandplatestructures,all-fiberglassbuildings,platformsandothercustomfabricationsinvolvinggratingandhandrail.ThefeaturesofEXTREN®,suchascorrosionresistanceandRFtransparency,resultinveryspecializedfabricatedstructuresformarketslikewastewatertreatment,cellularandevenarchitecturalapplications.Handlay-upcapabilitiescomplementthecorporation'sstructuralfabricationcapability.
JoiningEXTREN®canbefastenedmechanicallywithscrews,boltsorrivets.FIBREBOLT®fiberglassstudsandhexnuts(availablefromStrongwell)canalsobeused.EXTREN®canbejoinedbyadhesivesaswell.Thestrongestconnectionscanbemadebyusingacombinationofmechanicalfastenerswithadhesives.SuggestedfabricationtechniquesforEXTREN®arecoveredinStrongwell'sEXTREN®Fabrication and Repair Manual.
Material PreparationEXTREN®shapesandplatecanbesawed,drilled,routedandturnedonalatheorothermachinetool.Punchingshouldbelimitedtothicknessesof3/16"(4.8mm)andunder.Carbideordiamond-tippedsawbladesandtoolbitsarerecommendedforfasterspeedsandlonger-toollife.
EXTREN®sectionscanbejoinedmechanicallyorwithadhesives.
Beamsarepreppedbeforebondingconnectionstogether.
Strongwellhastrainedpersonnelattwofabricationfacilitiestotakeyourdrawingsand/ordesigntowhateverprefabricationstageyouchoose.
BoltsandadhesivesareusedforefficientconnectionsinEXTREN®structures.
EXTREN®maybepaintedforbetterprotectionagainstlong-termexposuretothesun.
Prefabricationofsupportbeamscanincludebondingpredrilledanglesandplateforconnections.
8
Process
EXTREN®ismanufacturedbythepultrusionprocess.Initssimplestterms,pultrusionistheprocessofpullingfiberglass(orother)reinforcementsthrougha“bath”ofthermosettingresinandintoaheatedforming-and-curingdietoproducecompositestructuralshapes.Reinforcementplacement,resinformulation,catalystlevels,dietemperatureandpullspeedarecriticalprocessparameters.Strongwellisoneofthepioneersofthepultrusionprocesswithmorethan60pultrusionmachinesinthreeplantlocationsacrosstheUnitedStates.
InadditiontoEXTREN®,Strongwellusesthepultrusionprocesstoproducemanyotherproducts.Forexample,theEXTRENDWB®isacombinationofcarbonandglassfibers.The36"x18"(914x457mm)doublewebbeamsweigh70lbs.perlinearfoot(104kg/meter).Theprocessisusedtoproducecomplexprofilesandpultrudeovercores.Pultrusionisalsoutilizedforpartsintegrationandtoproduceeasytoassemblesystems.
9
Quality and Availability
StrongwellmanufacturingfacilitiesareISO-9001:2000certified.ThisensurestheutmostqualitystandardsforproducingEXTREN®structuralshapesinaworldclassfacility.A“firstarticle”seriesoftestsoneachEXTREN®productionrunisdesignedtoassuretheenduserthatthestructuralmembersmeetorexceedpublishedminimumcriteria.WhiledistributorsstockthemostpopularshapesofEXTREN®forimmediatedeliverytotheircustomers,Strongwellalsomaintainsalargeinventorytoservicedistributorsandpreventlongleadtimestoendusers.
Left:Strongwellcanperformincomingresinteststoverifythesuppliers'conformancetospecifiedrequirements.
Right:Strongwell'sSATECComputerControlledAutomaticTestingSystemisamechanicaltestingworkhorse.
Bottom:Strongwell'slaboratoryandresearchfacilityislarge,well-equippedandprofessionallystaffed.
10
Properties
MECHANICALTensileStress,LW D638 psi 30,000 30,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 N/mm2 207 207 138 138 138 138 138 138
TensileStress,CW D638 psi 7,000 7,000 7,500 10,000 10,000 7,500 10,000 10,000 N/mm2 48.3 48.3 51.7 68.9 68.9 51.7 68.9 68.9
TensileModulus,LW D638 106psi 2.5 2.6 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 103N/mm2 17.2 17.9 12.4 12.4 12.4 12.4 12.4 12.4
TensileModulus,CW D638 106psi 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 103N/mm2 5.52 5.52 4.83 6.21 9.65 6.89 6.89 9.65
CompressiveStress,LW D695 psi 30,000 30,000 24,000 24,000 24,000 24,000 24,000 24,000 N/mm2 207 207 165 165 165 165 165 165
CompressiveStress,CW D695 psi 15,000 16,000 15,500 16,500 20,000 16,500 17,500 17,500 N/mm2 103 110 107 114 138 114 121 121
CompressiveModulus,LW D695 106psi 2.5 2.6 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 103N/mm2 17.2 17.9 12.4 12.4 12.4 12.4 12.4 12.4
CompressiveModulus,CW D695 106psi 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 103N/mm2 5.52 5.52 4.83 6.21 9.65 6.89 6.89 9.65
FlexuralStress,LW D790 psi 30,000 30,000 24,000 24,000 24,000 24,000 24,000 24,000 N/mm2 207 207 165 165 165 165 165 165
FlexuralStress,CW D790 psi 10,000 10,000 10,000 13,000 17,000 10,000 13,000 17,000 N/mm2 68.9 68.9 68.9 89.6 117 68.9 89.6 117
FlexuralModulus,LW D790 106psi 1.6 1.6 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.4 103N/mm2 11.0 11.0 7.58 7.58 6.65 7.58 7.58 6.65
FlexuralModulus,CW D790 106psi 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.3 0.8 0.8 1.3 103N/mm2 5.52 5.52 5.52 5.52 8.95 5.52 5.52 8.95
ModulusofElasticity fullsection 106psi 2.6 2.8 103N/mm2 17.9 19.3
ModulusofElasticity: W&Ishapes>4" fullsection 106psi 2.5 2.5 W&Ishapes>102mm 103N/mm2 17.2 17.2
ShearModulus,LW — 106psi 0.425 0.425 103N/mm2 2.93 2.93
ShortBeamShear,LW D2344 psi 4,500 4,500 N/mm2 31.0 31.0
BearingStress,LW D953 psi 30,000 30,000 32,000 32,000 32,000 32,000 32,000 32,000 N/mm2 207 207 220.6 221 221 221 221 221
Poisson'sRatio,LW D3039 in/in 0.33 0.33 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.32 0.32 0.32 mm/mm .330 .330 .310 .310 .310 .320 .320 .320
NotchedIzodImpact,LW D256 ft-lbs/in 25 25 15 10 10 15 10 10 J/mm 1.33 1.33 .801 .533 .533 .801 .533 .533
NotchedIzodImpact,CW D256 ft-lbs/in 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 J/mm .214 .214 .267 .267 .267 .267 .267 .267
PHYSICALBarcolHardness D2583 — 45 45 40 40 40 40 40 40
24hrWaterAbsorption D570 %Max 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
Density D792 lbs/in3 .062-.070 .062-.070 .060-.068 .060-.068 .060-.068 .060-.068 .060-.068 .060-.068 10-3g/mm3 1.72-1.94 1.72-1.94 1.66-1.88 1.66-1.88 1.66-1.88 1.66-1.88 1.66-1.88 1.66-1.88
CoefficientofThermalExpansion,LW D696 10-6in/in/oF 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 10-6mm/mm/oC 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0
ThermalConductivity C177 BTU-in/ft2Hr/oF 4 4 w(m*oK) .58 .58
ThisvalueisdeterminedfromfullsectionsimplebeambendingofEXTREN®structuralshapes.TheShearModulusvaluehasbeendeterminedfromtestswithfullsectionsofEXTREN®structuralshapes.(SeeStrongwell's
StrongwellDesign Manualforfurtherinformation.)Valuewouldbe50ifthesurfacingveilwerenotthere.Platecompressivestress/modulusmeasurededgewiseandflexuralstress/modulusmeasuredflatwise.ValuesapplytoSeries525and625.Measuredasapercentagemaximumbyweight.Spantodepthratioof3:1;EXTREN®angleswillhaveaminimumvalueof4000psiandtheI/Wshapesaretestedintheweb.Typicalvaluesbecausetheseareshapeandcompositedependenttests.
LW — Lengthwise PF — PerpendiculartolaminatefaceCW — Crosswise N.T. — NotTested
ASTM SERIES SERIES 500/525 PLATE SERIES 625 PLATE TEST UNITS/ 500/525 SERIES 625 1/8" 3/16" - 3/8" 1/2" - 1" 1/8" 3/16" - 1/4" 3/8" - 1" METHOD VALUE SHAPES SHAPES 3.175mm 4.76-9.5mm 9.5-25.4mm 3.175mm 4.76-6.35mm 9.5-25.4mm
All values are minimum ultimate properties from coupon tests except as noted.
11
ELECTRICALArcResistance,LW D495 seconds 120 120
DielectricStrength,LW D149 KV/in 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 KV/mm 1.38 1.38 1.38 1.38 1.38 1.38 1.38 1.38
DielectricStrength,PF D149 volts/mil 200 200 200 N.T N.T 250 N.T N.T
FLAMMABILITY FlammabilityClassification(1/8") UL94 VO
TunnelTest E-84 25Max
NBSSmokeChamber E-662 650-700 (Typical)
Flammability D635 SelfExtinguishing
ULThermalIndex Generic 130oC
BritishFireTest BS476-7 Class1
Options Strongwelloffersabroadrangeoffiberglassindustrialproducts.TwootherproductsoftenusedwithEXTREN®areSAFPLATE®andFIBREBOLT®.Abriefdescriptionofeachisgivenhere.Full-colorliteratureisavailableforeachproductuponrequest.
SAFPLATE®
SAFPLATE®fiberglassgrittedplateisatough,corrosionresistantfloorplate.Theuniquecombinationofpultrudedfiberglassplateandananti-skidgritsurfacemakesSAFPLATE®atexturedsolidsheetflooringthatisidealforbothwetanddryapplications.Usedinavarietyofapplicationssuchastrenchcoverstocontainvaporsandfumesorpedestrianbridgewalkwaysforsurefooting,SAFPLATE®
providesalong-lasting,maintenance-freealternativetosteelplateforsevereandcorrosiveenvironments.
SAFPLATE®isavailableassolidplateorbondedtoDURADEK®orDURAGRID®grating.Thegritsurfacescanbefine,mediumorcoarse.Itisavailablein4'x8'(1.2x2.4m)panelsinallstandardEXTREN®platethicknesses:1/8"(3.2mm),3/16"(4.8mm),1/4"(6.4mm),3/8"(9.5mm),1/2"(12.7mm)and3/4"(19.1mm).ThestandardSAFPLATE®isfiberglassreinforcedpolyesterwithfireretardantinagraycolor.Otherresinsystemsandcustomcolorsareavailableuponrequest.
FIBREBOLT®
FIBREBOLT®fiberglassstudsandnutsareidealforapplicationsrequiringmechanicalfastenersthatmustbenoncorrosive,lowinconductivityand/ortransparenttoelectromagneticwaves.FIBREBOLT®studsaremachinedfrompultrudedfiberglassvinylesterrods.Thehexshapednutisthermoplastic.Theyareeasilyassembledwithastandardsixpointsocketwrench.
FIBREBOLT®studsandhexnutsareavailableindiametersof3/8"(9.5mm),1/2"(12.7mm),5/8"(15.9mm),3/4"(19.1mm)and1"(25.4mm)forimmediatedelivery.Fourfootboltlengthsarestandard,withcustomlengthsandpartiallengththreadingavailableonrequest.Brownisthestandardcolor.ThestudsandnutshaveUVinhibitorstoprovideresistancetoultravioletdegradationandcorrosion.
SAFPLATE®,asolidanti-skidflooring,helpsreduceworkerslipsandfallsinbothwetanddryapplications.
FIBREBOLT®iswidelyusedasareplacementformetallicfastenersinstructuresthatmustbelowinconductivityand/ortransparenttoelectromagneticwaves.
ASTM SERIES SERIES 500/525 PLATE SERIES 625 PLATE TEST UNITS/ 500/525 SERIES 625 1/8" 3/16" - 1/4" 3/8" - 1" 1/8" 3/16" - 1/4" 3/8" - 1"PROPERTIES METHOD VALUE SHAPES SHAPES 3.175mm 4.76-6.35mm 9.5-25.4mm 3.175mm 4.76-6.35mm 9.5-25.4mm