FEUDALISM and the MANOR SYSTEM

JAPAN (11th to 19th Century)

EUROPE (7th to 13th Century)

ORIGINS OF FEUDAL SYSTEM in EUROPE

FALL OF ROME

Decline of Cities

• Destroyed by Invaders

• Disruption of Trade

• Migration of People

Changes in Government

• Loss of Central Authority

• Distrust in Roman Aristocracy

• Increased Loyalty to Tribal Leaders

Private Jurisdictions Develop

• Decay of Roman Authority

• Germans claim conquered lands

• Local Fiefs established

ORIGINS OF FEUDAL SYSTEM in EUROPE

RISE of NEW KINGDOMS

Feudal Relationships Grow

• Tribal Leaders grant lands to Loyal Warriors

• Neighboring Lords create Marriage Alliances

• Land Dowries are granted to Daughter’s husband

Charles the Simple Of France

Granted Lands in Normandy

to King Rollo of the Vikings

Yaroslav the Wise of the Rus married off his daughters

Elizabeth of Kiev to King Harald III of Norway

Anastasia of Kiev to King Andrew I of Hungary

Anne of Kiev to King Henry I of France

Agatha of Kiev to Edward the Exile of England

ORIGINS OF FEUDAL SYSTEM in EUROPE

• Norsemen (Vikings) from the North

• Saracens & Moors (Muslims) from the South & East

• Magyars and Tartars from the East

New Invaders Threaten Europe

ORIGINS OF FEUDAL

SYSTEM IN JAPAN RESULTS OF THE

TAIKA REFORMS

• Nobles earned trust

of the Emperor

• Emperors granted

Shoens (Tax Free

lands) to Loyal Nobles

• Noble Daughters

married crown princes

• Loyal Nobles

received high ranking

government positions

OUTSIDE THREATS

• Mongols attempt to Invade

• Warrior class created Military Society

• Samurai gained control of Government

FEUDAL SOCIETY IN MEDIEVAL EUROPE

System of Land Tenure based

on the Foundations of:

• Land • Loyalty • Service

• Kings and Royalty (Political Authority)

• Barons and Bishops (Land Managers)

• Knights and Nobles (Feudal Defenders)

• Artisans and Merchants (Economists)

• Villains and Serfs (Food Producers)

FEUDAL SOCIETY IN

JAPAN System of Land Tenure based

on the Foundations of:

• Land

• Loyalty

• Service

• Emperor (Divine Authority)

• Shogun (Military Authority)

• Daimyos (Land Managers)

• Samurai (Feudal Defenders)

• Peasants (Food Producers)

• Artisans and Merchants

FEUDAL OBLIGATIONS IN BOTH SOCIETIES

• COMMENDATION OF LANDS

Rulers (Kings or Emperors) entrust the care

and preservation of lands to loyal lords

• OATHS OF FEALTY

Feudal Lords required vassals to take Oaths

of Fealty to be faithful in their obligations of

serve to their lord & preservation of the realm

• SURETIES

Legal liabilities, debts or duties owed to a

Feudal Lord or Kings (expressed or implied)

• AIDS and MIZES

A tangible subsidy (means of assistance)

provided to a King or Lord to assist in the

maintenance of the feudal fief or manor

FEUDAL ESTATE (FIEF or SHOEN)

Self-Sufficient Economic Foundation of the Feudal

System

• CASTLE or DONJON = Central Fortification and Home of the Noble Lord

• MANOR VILLAGE = Economic Center of the Feudal Fief or Shoen

• CHURCH or TEMPLE = Spiritual Center of the Feudal Manor or Shoen

• WORKSHOPS and MILL = Producers of Crafts and Processed Goods

• FIELDS and PASTURES = Primary Producers of Food for the Manor or Shoen

FEUDAL CASTLE or DONJON

Primary Defensive System of the Manor or Shoen

STANDARD STRUCTURE of the CASTLE (DONJON)

• Moat (Usually not filled with water)

• Bridge or Drawbridge

• Gatehouse or Barbican (GuardHouse)

• Outer Bailey (Outer Ward or Compound)

• Inner Bailey (Inner Ward or Compund)

• Castle Keep or Donjon (Nobles Residence)

CASTLES OF MEDIEVAL

EUROPE

JAPANESE

FEUDAL

CASTLES

(DONJON)

EUROPE’S FEUDAL DEFENDERS KNIGHTS

• Nobles by Birth

• Usually the 2nd Son

• Heavy Cavalry

• Code of Chivalry

ARCHERS

• Middle Class

• Medieval Artillery

FOOT SOLDIERS

• Lower Class

• Medieval Infantry

RONIN

• Samurai who are

without a Lord and

Master

• Usually serve as

Archers or Foot

Soldiers

• Professional soldiers

paid for services

SAMURAI

• Noble By Birth

• All sons trained in the ways of the

Warrior

• “Bushido” as the Code of Honor

• Service based on honor & loyalty

WARRIOR’S CODE

CHIVALRY

Knightly Virtues

and Service to

Others

BUSHIDO

Selfless Service

through the

“Way of the Warrior”

The Chivalric Virtues The Virtues of Bushido

• Gi – Righteous Justice

• Yu – Courage (Bravery)

• Jin – Benevolence (Charity)

• Rei – Respect (Dignity)

• Makoto - Honesty (Fidelity)

• Meiyo - Honor (Integrity)

• Chugi – Loyalty (Devotion)

• Prowess (Excellence in all endeavors)

• Justice (Seek the path of righteousness)

• Loyalty (Unwavering commitment)

• Defense (Protect All regardless of status)

• Courage (Brave and Truthful in all things)

• Faith (Steadfast in his beliefs and God)

• Humility (Modest and gentle spoken)

• Largesse (Charitable and generous to all)

• Nobility (Holding to all the knight’s virtues)

• Franchise (Selfless service without reward)