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11/20/17
1
FetalProgrammingandEffectsofCowNutrition
November2017.
PhilipeMoriel,PhDAssistantProfessor
RangeCattleResearch&EducationCenterUniversityofFlorida,Ona,FL
FetalProgramming?“Maternalstimuliorinsultatacriticalperiodinfetaldevelopmenthaslongtermimpactsontheoffspring”(DavidBarker– SouthamptonUniversity)
CalfGrowthDuringGestation
MonthofgestationAdaptedfromBeverly(2008)
WEANING
11/20/17
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AdaptedfromHess(2008)
OrganDevelopmentBeefCattle
CalfGrowthTimeline
Monthofgestation AdaptedfromDuetal.(2010)JAS88:E51–E6
Whathappenstofuturecalfperformance?
Early-gestationConceptionto3monthsofgestation
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55%ofrequirements 100%ofrequirements
Bodyweight,lb
Day 32ofgestation 859 839Day115ofgestation 722* 934*Weightchange -137* 95*
Body conditionscore
Day 32ofgestation 5.0 5.1Day115ofgestation 4.3* 5.5*Weightchange -0.7* 0.4*
Longetal.(2010)JAS88:3251-3261
AngusxHerefordheifersfed55or100%oftheirnutrientrequirementsforthefirst83daysofgestation
*P <0.05
55%ofrequirements 100%ofrequirements
Bodyweightofsteers,Lb
Birth 69 71Weaning(228 daysofage) 491 480
Averagedailygain,Lb/d
Birthtoweaning 1.8 1.9Duringfinishing 4.9 4.6
Longetal.(2010)JAS88:3251-3261
Growthperformanceofsteersborntoheifersfed55or100%oftheirnutrientrequirementsforthefirst83daysofgestation
Longetal.(2010)JAS88:3251-3261
Lungandtracheaweightofsteersborntoheifersfed55or100%oftheirnutrientrequirementsforthefirst83daysofgestation
0246810121416
Lungandtrachea
Poun
ds,lb
55%ofrequirements
100%ofrequirements
*P <0.05
*
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Whathappenstofuturecalfperformance?
Early- toMid-gestation0 to6monthsofgestation
Underwoodetal.(2010)MeatSci.86:588-593
Growthperformanceofsteersborntocowsgrazedonnative(<7%crudeprotein)orimproved(9%crude
protein)pasturesfor60d(duringmid-gestation)
4005006007008009001000110012001300
Atweaning Atslaughter Carcassweight
Weight,Lb
Nativepasture
Improvedpasture
*P <0.05
*
*
*
70%ofrequirements 100%ofrequirements
Bodyweight,lb
Day 45ofgestation 1114 1039Day185ofgestation 1140* 1247*
Body conditionscore
Day 45ofgestation 5.4 5.6Day185ofgestation 4.8* 6.3*
Longetal.(2012)JAS90:197-206
AngusxGelbvieh maturecowsfed70or100%oftheirnutrientrequirementsfromday45to185ofgestation
*P <0.05
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Longetal.(2012)JAS90:197-206
OvaryandCorpusLuteumweightofheifersborntocowsfed70or100%oftheirnutrientrequirementsfrom
day45to185ofgestation
1
6
11
16
21
26
Wetovaryweight,g
Corpusluteumweight,g
gram
s,g
70%ofrequirements
100%ofrequirements
*P <0.05
*
*
Whathappenstofuturecalfperformance?
Late-gestation6to9monthsofgestation
Stalkeretal.(2007) Stalkeretal.(2006) Larson etal.(2009)
NoSupp. Supp. NoSupp. Supp. NoSupp. Supp.
Weaningweight,Lb
441* 463* 465* 480* 518* 531*
Carcassweight,Lb
764* 804* 800 813 802* 819*
Choice,% - - 85 96 71* 86*Marbling 449 461 467 479 444* 493*
Stalkeretal.(2006)JAS84:2582-2589Stalkeretal.(2007)Rangel.Ecol.Manage.60:578-587
Larsonetal.(2009)JAS87:1147-1155
GrowthperformanceofSTEERS borntocowsreceivingnosupplementation(NoSupp.)or1 Lb/dayof42%crudeprotein
cubeduringlategestation
*P <0.05
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Larsonetal.(2009)JAS87:1147-1155
ImmuneresponseofSTEERS borntocowsreceivingnosupplementation(NoSupp.)or1 Lb/dayof42%crudeprotein
cubeduringlategestation
18.5
1.5
18
11.5
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
BirthtoWeaning WeaningtoSlaughter
%ofcalvestreated
forrespiratory
ordigestiv
eprob
lems
Prot.Supp.NoProt.Supp.
P =0.91SEM=11
P =0.05SEM=5
Martinetal.(2007) Funstonetal.(2010)
NoSupp. Supp. NoSupp. Supp.
Weaningweight,Lb 456 467 496* 511*Adj.205-dayweight 480* 498* 469 478Ageatpuberty,days 334 339 366* 352*Pregnancy, % 80* 93* 80 90
Martinetal.(2007)JAS85:841-847Funstonetal.(2010)JAS88:4094-4101
GrowthandreproductiveperformanceofHEIFERS borntocowsreceivingnosupplementation(NoSupp.)or
1Lb/dayof42%crudeproteincubeduringlategestation
*P <0.05
Martinetal.(2007) Funstonetal.(2010)
NoSupp. Supp. NoSupp. Supp.
Weaningweight,Lb 456 467 496* 511*Adj.205-dayweight 480* 498* 469 478Ageatpuberty,days 334 339 366* 352*Pregnancy, % 80* 93* 80 90
Martinetal.(2007)JAS85:841-847Funstonetal.(2010)JAS88:4094-4101
GrowthandreproductiveperformanceofHEIFERS borntocowsreceivingnosupplementation(NoSupp.)or
1Lb/dayof42%crudeproteincubeduringlategestation
*P <0.05
Effectsoncostofdevelopingheifers?
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Martinetal.(2007)JAS85:841-847
GrowthandreproductiveperformanceofHEIFERS borntocowsreceivingnosupplementation(NoSupp.)or1Lb/dayof42%crudeproteincubeduringlategestation
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
May Jun
Jul
Aug Sep
Oct
Nov Dec Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
Figure 1. Body condition score simulation (NRC, 2016)
Winter/Fall Year round
Treatments Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May
lb ofdrymatter/cowdaily
2016FCAProposal#1Doesyear-roundsupplementationofcowspayoff?
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
May Jun
Jul
Aug Sep
Oct
Nov Dec Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
Figure 1. Body condition score simulation (NRC, 2016)
Winter/Fall Year round
Treatments Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May
lb ofdrymatter/cowdaily
Fall/WinterMolasses 0 0 0 0 0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 0 0
2016FCAProposal#1Doesyear-roundsupplementationofcowspayoff?
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4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
May Jun
Jul
Aug Sep
Oct
Nov Dec Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
Figure 1. Body condition score simulation (NRC, 2016)
Winter/Fall Year round
Treatments Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May
lb ofdrymatter/cowdailyYear-roundMolasses 0.5 0.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.5 3.0 3.0 2.5 2.5 0.5 0.5
Fall/WinterMolasses 0 0 0 0 0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 0 0
2016FCAProposal#1Doesyear-roundsupplementationofcowspayoff?
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
May Jun
Jul
Aug Sep
Oct
Nov Dec Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
Figure 1. Body condition score simulation (NRC, 2016)
Winter/Fall Year round
Treatments Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May
lb ofdrymatter/cowdailyYear-roundMolasses 0.5 0.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.5 3.0 3.0 2.5 2.5 0.5 0.5Year-roundcubes 0.5 0.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.5 3.0 3.0 2.5 2.5 0.5 0.5
Fall/WinterMolasses 0 0 0 0 0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 0 0
2016FCAProposal#1Doesyear-roundsupplementationofcowspayoff?
Treatments
Item Fall/WinterOnly
Year-roundMolasses
Year-roundRangeCubes SEM P-value
CowBCSJune 4.70 4.60 4.40July 5.02 5.05 5.16 0.076 <0.001
CowBCSchangeJunetoJuly 0.55 0.56 0.66 0.079 0.61JulytoAugust -0.12 -0.20 -0.18 0.069 0.66
2016FCAProposal#1Doesyear-roundsupplementationofcowspayoff?
Treatments Jun Jul
lb ofdrymatter/cowdailyYear-roundMolasses 0.5 0.5Year-roundcubes 0.5 0.5
Fall/WinterMolasses 0 0
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2016FCAProposal#1Doesyear-roundsupplementationofcowspayoff?
Treatments P-value
Item CON YCUB YMOL SEM Treatment
CowplasmaconcentrationsinJuly(day56)IGF-1,ng/mL 40.6a 48.2b 38.7a 2.46 0.11
Glucose,mmol/L 3.80a 4.79b 4.71b 0.307 0.06
Treatments Jun Jul
lb ofdrymatter/cowdailyYear-roundMolasses 0.5 0.5Year-roundcubes 0.5 0.5
Fall/WinterMolasses 0 0
Treatments
Item Fall/WinterOnly
Year-roundMolasses
Year-roundRangeCubes SEM P-value
CowBCSJune 4.70 4.60 4.40July 5.02 5.05 5.16 0.076 <0.001AugustOctoberNovember
CowBCSchangeJunetoJuly 0.55 0.56 0.66 0.079 0.61JulytoAugust -0.12 -0.20 -0.18 0.069 0.66Aug.toOctoberOct. toNovember
2016FCAProposal#1Doesyear-roundsupplementationofcowspayoff?
Treatments Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct
lb ofdrymatter/cowdailyYear-roundMolasses 0.5 0.5 1.5 1.5 1.5Year-roundcubes 0.5 0.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
Fall/WinterMolasses 0 0 0 0 0
Treatments
Item Fall/WinterOnly
Year-roundMolasses
Year-roundRangeCubes SEM P-value
CowBCSJune 4.70 4.60 4.40July 5.02 5.05 5.16 0.076 <0.001August 4.92 4.85 4.96 0.076October 5.55a 5.92b 6.00b 0.076November 5.18a 6.06b 5.92b 0.085
CowBCSchangeJunetoJuly 0.55 0.56 0.66 0.079 0.61JulytoAugust -0.12 -0.20 -0.18 0.069 0.66Aug.toOctober 0.64a 1.07b 1.02b 0.094 0.08Oct. toNovember -0.37a 0.10b -0.08b 0.107 0.01
2016FCAProposal#1Doesyear-roundsupplementationofcowspayoff?
Treatments Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct
lb ofdrymatter/cowdailyYear-roundMolasses 0.5 0.5 1.5 1.5 1.5Year-roundcubes 0.5 0.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
Fall/WinterMolasses 0 0 0 0 0
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Treatments
Item Fall/WinterOnly
Year-roundMolasses
Year-roundRangeCubes SEM P-value
CowBCSJune 4.70 4.60 4.40July 5.02 5.05 5.16 0.076 <0.001August 4.92 4.85 4.96 0.076October 5.55a 5.92b 6.00b 0.076November 5.18a 6.06b 5.92b 0.085
CowBCSchangeJunetoJuly 0.55 0.56 0.66 0.079 0.61JulytoAugust -0.12 -0.20 -0.18 0.069 0.66Aug.toOctober 0.64a 1.07b 1.02b 0.094 0.08Oct. toNovember -0.37a 0.10b -0.08b 0.107 0.01
2016FCAProposal#1Doesyear-roundsupplementationofcowspayoff?
Treatments Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct
lb ofdrymatter/cowdailyYear-roundMolasses 0.5 0.5 1.5 1.5 1.5Year-roundcubes 0.5 0.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
Fall/WinterMolasses 0 0 0 0 0
2016FCAProposal#1Doesyear-roundsupplementationofcowspayoff?
Treatments Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct
lb ofdrymatter/cowdailyYear-roundMolasses 0.5 0.5 1.5 1.5 1.5Year-roundcubes 0.5 0.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
Fall/WinterMolasses 0 0 0 0 0
Treatments P-value
LivertracemineralconcentrationinOctober,ug/gofdrytissue
Fall/WinterOnly
Year-roundMolasses
Year-roundCubes SEM Treatment
Cobalt 0.32a 0.27a 0.43b 0.022 0.0001
Copper 141 133 196 20.0 0.17
Iron 254 248 253 17.3 0.98
Manganese 9.31 9.8 9.78 0.482 0.72
Molybdenum 3.76 3.85 4.18 0.264 0.57
Selenium 0.75a 0.84a 1.00b 0.073 0.05
Zinc 114 119 128 6.8 0.36
2016FCAProposal#2Evaluatingcost-effectivesupplementationprogramsforcowsduringlate-gestation
Treatments 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12Nosupplementation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
101112131415161718
Nov Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May Jun
Jul
Aug Sep
Oct
Mca
l/day
Figure 1. Total daily energy requirements (NEm), Mcal/day
Weeksafterweaning
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2016FCAProposal#2Evaluatingcost-effectivesupplementationprogramsforcowsduringlate-gestation
Treatments 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12Nosupplementation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Supp.12 weeks(SUP12) 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25
101112131415161718
Nov Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May Jun
Jul
Aug Sep
Oct
Mca
l/day
Figure 1. Total daily energy requirements (NEm), Mcal/day
Weeksafterweaning
Drieddistillersgrain,lb/day
Total=189lb/cow
2016FCAProposal#2Evaluatingcost-effectivesupplementationprogramsforcowsduringlate-gestation
Treatments 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12Nosupplementation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Supp.12 weeks(SUP12) 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25Supp.6 weeks(SUP6) 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 - - - - - -
101112131415161718
Nov Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May Jun
Jul
Aug Sep
Oct
Mca
l/day
Figure 1. Total daily energy requirements (NEm), Mcal/day
Weeksafterweaning
Drieddistillersgrain,lb/day
Total=189lb/cow
2016FCAProposal#2Evaluatingcost-effectivesupplementationprogramsforcowsduringlate-gestation
Treatments
Item CONSUP6
Aug.toOct.SUP12
Aug. toNov.SEM P-value
CowBodyConditionScoreAugust(day0) 5.00 5.00 5.20 - -October(day45) 5.61a 6.15c 5.81a 0.087 <0.0001November(day84;calving) 5.29a 6.36c 6.18b 0.090
CowBodyConditionScorechangeAugusttoOctober 0.53a 1.04c 0.74a 0.096 0.0001OctobertoNovember -0.31a 0.22b 0.37b 0.129 0.0001
Treatments 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12Nosupplementation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Supp.12 weeks(SUP12) 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25Supp.6 weeks(SUP6) 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5
Weeksafterweaning
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2016FCAProposal#2Evaluatingcost-effectivesupplementationprogramsforcowsduringlate-gestation
Treatments
Item CONSUP6
Aug.toOct.SUP12
Aug. toNov.SEM P-value
CowBodyConditionScoreAugust(day0) 5.00 5.00 5.20 - -October(day45) 5.61a 6.15c 5.81a 0.087 <0.0001November(day84;calving) 5.29a 6.36c 6.18b 0.090
CowBodyConditionScorechangeAugusttoOctober 0.53a 1.04c 0.74a 0.096 0.0001OctobertoNovember -0.31a 0.22b 0.37b 0.129 0.0001
Treatments 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12Nosupplementation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Supp.12 weeks(SUP12) 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25Supp.6 weeks(SUP6) 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5
Weeksafterweaning
2016FCAProposal#2Evaluatingcost-effectivesupplementationprogramsforcowsduringlate-gestation
Treatments
Item CONSUP6
Aug.toOct.SUP12
Aug. toNov.SEM P-value
CowBodyConditionScoreAugust(day0) 5.00 5.00 5.20 - -October(day45) 5.61a 6.15c 5.81a 0.087 <0.0001November(day84;calving) 5.29a 6.36c 6.18b 0.090
CowBodyConditionScorechangeAugusttoOctober 0.53a 1.04c 0.74a 0.096 0.0001OctobertoNovember -0.31a 0.22b 0.37b 0.129 0.0001
Treatments 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12Nosupplementation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Supp.12 weeks(SUP12) 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25Supp.6 weeks(SUP6) 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5
Weeksafterweaning
Thankyou
