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Fertilization of Western Fertilization of Western RedcedarRedcedar
((Thuja plicataThuja plicata))
R.W. NegraveR.W. NegraveCoast Region, MFRCoast Region, MFR
Western Redcedar Western Redcedar FertilizationFertilization
Fertilization studiesFertilization studies
Harrington and WiermanHarrington and Wierman
SCHIRPSCHIRP
Fertilization StudiesFertilization Studies
Commercial thinning/ fertilization Commercial thinning/ fertilization (WA)(WA)
SCHIRP: North Island, Kennedy FlatsSCHIRP: North Island, Kennedy Flats
WFP monitoring of operational trialsWFP monitoring of operational trials
Harrington and Wierman Harrington and Wierman (1990)(1990)
Thinning and fertilization with Thinning and fertilization with different products different products
Stands were 15 – 20 yrs old on poor Stands were 15 – 20 yrs old on poor sitessites
Reported five years after treatmentReported five years after treatment
Harrington and Wierman: Harrington and Wierman: Seven TreatmentsSeven Treatments
UntreatedUntreated Unthinned + NH4 + Ca + P + K + SUnthinned + NH4 + Ca + P + K + S Thinned, unfertilizedThinned, unfertilized Thinned + Urea-NThinned + Urea-N Thinned + NH4Thinned + NH4 Thinned + NH4 +Ca + PThinned + NH4 +Ca + P Thinned + NH4 + Ca + P + K + SThinned + NH4 + Ca + P + K + S
Harrington and Wierman: Harrington and Wierman: Application RatesApplication Rates
300 kg/ha N (urea; ammonium 300 kg/ha N (urea; ammonium nitrate)nitrate)
100 kg/ ha P (dicalcium phosphate)100 kg/ ha P (dicalcium phosphate) 129 kg/ ha Ca (dicalcium phosphate)129 kg/ ha Ca (dicalcium phosphate) 100 kg/ ha K (potassium sulphate)100 kg/ ha K (potassium sulphate) 41 kg / ha S (potassium sulphate)41 kg / ha S (potassium sulphate)
Harrington and Wierman: Harrington and Wierman: ResultsResults
Height and diameter growth were significantly Height and diameter growth were significantly greater in all thinned or fertilized treatments, greater in all thinned or fertilized treatments, compared to untreatedcompared to untreated
The best treatments for height (+65%) and The best treatments for height (+65%) and diameter growth (+106%) contained ammonium diameter growth (+106%) contained ammonium nitrate and dicalcium phosphatenitrate and dicalcium phosphate
Ca and P additions increased growth over N aloneCa and P additions increased growth over N alone
Thinning was also produced substantial diameter Thinning was also produced substantial diameter growth responsegrowth response
SCHIRP TrialsSCHIRP Trials
Kennedy Flats and N. Vancouver IslandKennedy Flats and N. Vancouver Island
Kennedy Flats trial in general Kennedy Flats trial in general agreement with N. Vancouver Island agreement with N. Vancouver Island trialtrial
Scarification appears to have a positive Scarification appears to have a positive effect on growth; slight interaction with effect on growth; slight interaction with fertilizationfertilization
SCHIRP NVI: TreatmentsSCHIRP NVI: Treatments
Two sites: CH and HATwo sites: CH and HA Two species: Cw HwTwo species: Cw Hw Fertilized and unfertilizedFertilized and unfertilized
225 kg/ha as urea225 kg/ha as urea 100 kg/ ha as triple superphosphate100 kg/ ha as triple superphosphate NPK at plantingNPK at planting
Three establishment densities:Three establishment densities: 500, 1500 and 2500 sph500, 1500 and 2500 sph
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004
He
igh
t (m
)
F0-500
F0-1500
F0-2500
F1-500
F1-1500
F1-2500
Cw on CH
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004
He
igh
t (m
)
F0-500
F0-1500
F0-2500
F1-500
F1-1500
F1-2500
Cw on HA
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Cw Hw Cw Hw
CH HA
Volu
me
Resp
onse
(m3/
ha)
500 sph
1500 sph
2500 sph
Volume Response to Fertilization
Summary of EffectsSummary of Effects
Fertilization continued to increase Fertilization continued to increase height growth after 10 yearsheight growth after 10 years
Greatest volume response on HA Greatest volume response on HA
Still deficient to very deficient in N Still deficient to very deficient in N
Future Growth?Future Growth?
Growth patternGrowth pattern
Magnitude of responseMagnitude of response
Nutrient concentrations and associations Nutrient concentrations and associations with growthwith growth
Foliage massFoliage mass
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002
He
igh
t G
row
th R
es
po
ns
e (
m)
Cw 500
Cw 1500
Cw 2500
Hw 500
Hw 1500
Hw 2500
CH Sites
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002
He
igh
t G
row
th R
es
po
ns
e (
m) Cw 500
Cw 1500
Cw 2500
Hw 500
Hw 1500
Hw 2500
HA Sites
Nutritional Response: 10 Years Nutritional Response: 10 Years LaterLater
Fertilization increased foliarFertilization increased foliar::
N concentration on HA but not CHN concentration on HA but not CH
P and Ca concentration in both P and Ca concentration in both species on both sitesspecies on both sites
Favourable IndicatorsFavourable Indicators
Volume response and total volumes greatest on HAVolume response and total volumes greatest on HA
Indications of more sustained incremental height Indications of more sustained incremental height growth on HAgrowth on HA
N, P, and Ca concentrations all increased on HA and N, P, and Ca concentrations all increased on HA and associated with growth: No evidence of dilutionassociated with growth: No evidence of dilution
Crown closure associated with better incremental Crown closure associated with better incremental height growth responseheight growth response
Stand-level nutrient demands generally stabilize with Stand-level nutrient demands generally stabilize with crown closurecrown closure
Unfavourable IndicatorsUnfavourable Indicators
Volume response less on CHVolume response less on CH
Loss of foliar-N concentration effect Loss of foliar-N concentration effect on CHon CH
Reduced height growth with Reduced height growth with increasing density on CHincreasing density on CH
Individual Cw Foliage Mass Individual Cw Foliage Mass
Foliage mass increased with nutrientFoliage mass increased with nutrient
regime:regime:Foliage Mass (kg)Foliage Mass (kg)
CH-F0:CH-F0: 2.15a2.15a
CH-F1:CH-F1: 3.73b3.73b
HA-F1:HA-F1: 5.96c5.96c
Foliage - Growth Foliage - Growth RelationshipsRelationships
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Foliage Mass (t/ha)
Biom
ass
Incr
emen
t (t/h
a/yr
)
No Fert.
Fertilized
Cw on HA
r 2 = 0.983
General ConclusionsGeneral Conclusions
Magnitude and duration of Cw response to Magnitude and duration of Cw response to fertilization are comparable to Fdfertilization are comparable to Fd
No indications of negative growth response: No indications of negative growth response: trajectories likely parallel or better at SCHIRPtrajectories likely parallel or better at SCHIRP
Cw appears to respond well at higher Cw appears to respond well at higher densitiesdensities
Greater response implied by higher Greater response implied by higher application rates; ammonium; Caapplication rates; ammonium; Ca