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Addressing Food Security in Bangladesh: Role of MOFDM and FPMU. Food Planning and Monitoring Unit (FPMU) Food Division Ministry of Food and Disaster Management Presentation to Cambodian Food Security Team. February 22, 2010. Background: Food Security. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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February 22, 2010
Addressing Food Security in Bangladesh:Role of MOFDM and FPMU
Food Planning and Monitoring Unit (FPMU)Food Division
Ministry of Food and Disaster Management
Presentation to Cambodian Food Security Team
Background: Food SecurityBackground: Food SecurityNear self-sufficiency in rice: production tripled
since 1971, but deficit in wheatSignificant growth of production of
vegetables, fruits, fish, meat and egg, still below requirement
Dwindling production of pulses and oilseeds Improving nutritional status, but still high
level of malnutrition among children and women
~30% of the population calorie poor, ~37 % income poor
Background : Food SecurityBackground : Food SecurityPersistent challenges
decreasing land, environmental (soil) degradation, increasing population, household level food insecurity, widening consumption & income inequality
Emerging challenges Climate change impacts
• Salinity increase and submergence in the south and south-west
• Uneven temperature stresses and rain fall• Drought in the north and north-west• Increased frequency/intensity of natural disasters
World food market volatility/uncertaintyWorld economic recession
Background: Role of the Govt.Background: Role of the Govt.
Responsibility of the state under Bangladesh Constitution (art 15 & 18): ensure food, health and nutrition
Rules of Business of the Government Allocation of Business to Ministries & Divisions Policy framework:
National Food Policy 2006National Food Policy Plan of Action (2008-2015) PRSP-IIOther policies
Institutional HierarchyInstitutional Hierarchy
Cabinet: headed by the Honorable PM Ministries and Divisions Agencies Regions, District and Upazila (Sub-district)
offices Local Government Institutions at the root
(Upazila parishad, Union Parishad)
command
info
Govt. stakeholders/partnersGovt. stakeholders/partners
Food Availability: Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Food & DM, Ministry of Fisheries & Livestock; Agencies-DAE, DGF, DOL, DOF etc.
Access to Food: Ministry of Food & DM Ministry of LGRD&C Ministry of Water Resources, Ministry of Women & Children Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Social Welfare; Agencies: DGF, DRR, LGRD & RD , DOWCA etc.
Nutrition: Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Ministry of Food & DM, Ministry of Industries, Ministry of LGRD&C; Agencies: BNNC, BBF, DGH, BSTI, IPHN, IPH, DPHE etc.
Role of MOFDMRole of MOFDM
Policy, regulatory and coordinating role
Ensuring Food securityDisaster risk reduction
Role of MOFDM: improving Role of MOFDM: improving access and availabilityaccess and availability
Guide (design, implement, monitor and evaluate) safety net programs
Guide Public Food Distribution SystemMaintain Public Stock: over 1.3 million MTPublic Procurement of food grain-domestic &
international: (1.6+1.0) = 2.6 million MTStabilize market prices: Domestic procurement
and Open Market Sale Mobilize financial resources; Manage human
resources Monitoring and evaluation, analysis and research
Role of MOFDM: safety net programsRole of MOFDM: safety net programs
Types of social safety net programs: Cash Transfer (Allowances) Program (e.g. GR cash) Cash Transfer (Special) Program (e.g. Cash For Work, Housing support, Fund for disaster risk reduction)Food Security Programs (e.g. Vulnerable Group Dev., Vulnerable Group Feeding, Test relief, Gratuitous Relief, Food For Works)Tied Micro-Credit Programs (e.g. VGD)Employment gen prog. for hard core poor
Major criteria:
i) income/asset criteria; ii) occupational criteria; iii) ethnic criteria; iv) gender and children criteria; and v) regional disparity criteria
Role of MOFDM: safety net programsRole of MOFDM: safety net programs
Extended budget:about 2.8 % of the GDP & 16.94% of public expenditure (Source: PRSP-II)2.67 million tons of foodgrain allocated for 2009-10
Shift in approach:
charity to development
More targeted
Public food distribution over the years
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
1997
/98
1998
/99
1999
/00
2000
/01
2001
/02
2002
/03
2003
/04
2004
/05
2005
/06
2006
/07
2007
/08
Fiscal year
Qty
. (0
00
MT
)
Monetized Non Monetized Total
Role of MOFDM: safety net programsRole of MOFDM: safety net programs
Participants’ Perception about assistance in percent (Khan et al, 2006)
Lowest 10%
Lowest Quintile
2nd Quintile
3rd Quintile
4th Quintile
Top Quintile
Total
Very Helpful
60.5 56.1 56.7 59.2 63.6 50.4 57.6
Moderately Helpful
33.8 37.3 34.1 30.9 26.5 31.5 33.3
Slightly Helpful
5.8 6.6 8.3 9.1 8.9 18.1 8.5
Not Helpful
0.0 0.0 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.0 0.5
**Immediate economic improvement effects; ***development effects; ***empowerment impacts
Issues and challenges of SSNPs
• Fiscal Constraints: Dwindling food aid/unpredictability/delay in aid arrival, Inadequate storage facilities in PFDS, Insufficient resources to import from own resources, Limited Coverage, Inadequacy of the Amount of Transfers
• Institutional Constraints: Absence of Integrated National SSN Policy, Gender specific risks and insecurity in the labour market; Targeting and leakages
• Information Constraints: Missing Poor and New Vulnerabilities; Insensitivity to Geographic and Agro-Ecology Specific Poverty
MOFDM hierarchyMOFDM hierarchy
Honorable Minister
Secy, Food divn Secy, DM divn.
•Admin. Wing
•Food Wing (2)
•FPMU
• Admin. Wing• Relief & DM
Wing (2)
DGF DRR, DMB
Attached Departments
Role of FPMU……Role of FPMU…… Established in 1980 at the Planning Commission, now
a wing of MOFDM Serve as the policy analysis support unit of MOFDM:
Production and Early Warning; Market Monitoring and Government Food
Operation Planning; Policy Advisory Research and Food Security Consumption and Nutrition
Analysis Provide secretarial functions to Food Planning &
Monitoring Committee (FPMC) NFP-POA implementation monitoring
Role of FPMURole of FPMU Implement relevant decisions by Cabinet Division
or other authority in respect of food policy.Forecast/provide “Early Warning” on food
situation based on analysis of (primary and) secondary information.
Formulate food security policies; monitor implementation
Conduct field study and research on all aspects of food policy, e.g. subsidy, marketing, pricing and distribution policies etc
Publish bulletins/reports: daily/fortnightly/monthly/quarterly/research-study reports related to food security
RoleRole of FPMU in Bangladesh Food Policyof FPMU in Bangladesh Food Policy
Food Planning and Monitoring Committee (FPMC)
Policy Adv. Research and Statistical Analysis
Production and Early Warning Service
Market Monitoring and Government Food Operation
Food Security Consumption and Nutrition Analysis
Director General, FPMU
Secretary, Food
Honorable Minister
Organogram of FPMUOrganogram of FPMU
Director General
Research Director
(PCRSA)
Research Director (PMEW)
Research Director (FSCN)
Research Director (MMGFM)
Assoc. Director
Assoc Director
Assoc.Director
Assoc.Director
Assoc.Director
Research Officer
Research Officer
Assoc.Director
Research Officer
Research Investigator
Research Officer
Research Officer
Research Officer
Interministerial CommitteesInterministerial Committees
Food Planning and Monitoring Committee
Early Warning Technical Committee
Food Security, Consumption and Nutrition Technical Committee
Safety Net Monitoring CommitteeFood Policy Working GroupThematic Teams (4)
Food Planning and Monitoring CommitteeFood Planning and Monitoring Committee
Honorable Minister, MOFDM - Chairman
Honorable Minister, Finance -Member
Honorable Minister, LGRD -Member
Honorable Minister, Agriculture -Member
Cabinet Secretary -Member
Secretary, Agriculture -Member
Secretary, Finance -Member
Secretary, Planning -Member
Secretary, IRD -Member
Secretary, MOFDM -Member
DG, FPMU -Member-secretary
Working Linkages of FPMUWorking Linkages of FPMU
MOFDM
Regional/Inter-Governmental Orge.g. SAARC
Cabinet Division
FPMC
Dev. Partners UN-FAO, WFP; WB, ADB, EC, USAID etc
FPMU11 Ministries: MOA, MOFL, MOF, MOLGRD, Planning, MOHFW, MOWCA,MOSW, MOWR, MOEF, etc
GOB AgenciesDGF, DMB, DRR, DAE, BBS, DWCA, DSW, BNNC, SPARSO, DGH, etc
Civil Society
Research OrgGOB (BARC, BRRI, BARI), Universities (INFS), International (IFPRI), Non-Governmental
Sources and InformationSources and Information DGF : Public Procurement, Distribution, Commercial
import, Stock, Market price. DRR, DMB : Disaster Interventions WFP, DEV. PARTNERS: Food Aid, Intl food situation MOA : Fertilizer prices, production, area, yield, etc MO Finance: Food budget, Macro indices DAE : Area of cultivation, Yield, Production, tech adoptn. BBS : Production, Yield, Population, Consumption, Poverty, irrigation data DAM : Market prices BMD : Weather- Rainfall, Temp, Sunshine WDB : Irrigation data, flood situation SPARSO : Area of cultivation, Yield, Production FAO : World cereal production, Prices SAARC : Regional Food Production, Stock, Management,
Safety Standards etc.
FPMU reportsFPMU reports
Daily Food Situation Fortnightly Foodgrain Outlook (English & Bengali)Fortnightly Food Scenario Monthly Early Warning Quarterly Food SituationYearly food situation database pocket bookField production monitoring report (RRA)Food consumption and nutrition monitoring report (RRA)NFP-POA monitoring report
Strengthening of FPMU-ongoing Strengthening of FPMU-ongoing initiativesinitiatives
Training programs to raise efficiency of the professional staffsComputer aided analysis/tools Communication and IT staffsElectronic databasePhysical library/Virtual libraryReduction of dependency on secondary data Increased field study and research works
Under NFPCSP
ConclusionConclusion
Analyzing food security policies has been an increasingly complex task
Need adaptive capacity to execute the tasks properly
Exchange and visits and building networks across countries and regions, among others, are important steps
Thank you allThank you all