Upload
rachudso
View
225
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
1/206
OPTM NTWORKS FOR AT XCANG
b
wa Chals ohann J
A Disstation Psnt to t
FACLTY OF T GRADAT SCOOL
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
2/206
NS F SN FN
TH E SHOOL
NIVERSITY PAR
LOS ANELES ALIFORIA 000
hs dssertaton, wrtten by
g
9._;* M!.-
under the drecton of h.i... Dssertaton om-mttee and approved by all ts members haseen presented to and accepted by he Graduate School n paral fulllment of requre-ments of the degree of
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
Date .Yn_:7J
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
3/206
ACOWLDGMNTS
I wish to xss my gatit to all th ol
who hav hl in th oltion of this isstation
I a sially int to D F J Lokhat who hasgivn so fly of his tim ing th os of th
sah Th oth omitt ms D J Rtan D L L any hav also n vy hlfl
Aitionally I wol lik to aknowlg thfinanial hl fo Gilltt-Pa Mat oany ing th
io Coting svis ovi y th
Systs Silation Laoatoy at th nivsity of
Sothn Califonia a also gatly aknowlg
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
4/206
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ACOWLEDGMETS
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
. . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . .
ii
v
vii
NOME NCLATURE
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER
I.
xiii
INTRODUCTION
II ELEMENTS OF AT EXCHANGE NETWORKS
1
7
8A. Heat Exchangers
B. Uilities for Heating
c Uilities for Cooling
. .
. . .
. .
.
18
21
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
5/206
Pe
V CASE SES EWORK ESGN 7A pe Ss te o f or Proces s Str es 7
B pe C Sste of Sx Process Stres 7 2
. pe Ss te o f S x Pro ce ss Str es 84
V HEA EXCHAGE EWORKS N OPERAOA SteStte Response to epertre
Chne s . . .
B Ste-Stte Response to Cpct RteChnes . .
. e rn Responses . .
V COCSOS . . .
REERECES . . . . .
APPECES
A Gossr . . .
93
93
100
02105
10
108
109
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
6/206
Tbe
I
II
III
IV
VI
VII
VIII
LIST OF ABLES
DATA FOR SIMPLIFIED THEE STRE EMPLE
FEASIBILITY TABLE FOR TEE STREAM EPLECASE WITH mi 0 F
o
FEASIBILITY TABLE FOR THREE STREA EXMPLECASE 4 WITH min 20 F
FEASIBILITY TABL FOR HREE SRE EPLECASE 4 WITH Omin = 10
MINIM EA TABLE FOR
CASE 1 MINIM AREA TABLE FORCASE
MINI AREA TBLE FORCASE
Fo
THREE STREAM EPLE
THREE STREM EXPLE
THREE STRAM EXPLE
DATA FOR SREA CONTETION EXPLE
Pge
33
4
37
4
4
4
45
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
7/206
Tbe Pge
III RATE SENSITIVITY F NETWRK SHWN INFIGURE 19 101
XIX EMPLE CALCUTIN USING RATE SENSITIVITY 103
D-I ECUTIE CPUTER PRGRA 132
D-II SUBRUTINE PSDATA 133
D-III SUBRUTINE DELTA 136
D-I SUBRTINE BALNCE 137
D-V SUBRUTINE RANGE 138
D-VI SUBRUTINE MIUTY 139
D-VII SUBRUTINE IN 13
D-VIII SUBRUTI CIG 147
D-IX SUBRUTINE PATH 152
D-X SUBRUTINE EXCHNG 155
D-XI SUBRUTINE DIVIDE 158
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
8/206
Fige
!A
B
C
D
2
3
LIS OF FIGRES
Netwoks o Singe ocess Ste ype ASte Syste
Netwoks o One Soce n One Sink ocess
Ste ype B Ste System
A ossibe Netwok o One Soce n SeveSink ocess Stems o One Sink n SeveSoce ocess Stes ype C Ste Syste
A ossibe Netwok o Seve Soce nSeve Sink ocess Stes Type D Syste
epete Rnges o hee Ste ExmpeCse 2
Lck o Tepete Contentin in heeSte Expe Cse 1
Rnge o Tepete Contetion in hee
Ste Expe se 3
ge
28
28
2 9
29
3
0
40
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
9/206
Fiue
14
1 5
1
1 7
18
19
2 0
2 1
Feasibe Netwok Space fo pe D SsteExape
Effect of Miniu epeate of Appoac onCosts fo pe D Sste Exape
Entap Dia fo pe D Sste Exape
Netwok Sntesis sin Entap Diaa ofpe D Sste Exape
Netwok Afte Lee et a
Netwok Snte s ized si n te EntapDiaa
Entap Diaa fo pe C Sste Exape
Netwok Afte Westbook
2 2 Feasibe Netwok Space fo pe C Sste
2 3
Exape
Netwok Sntesis wit Cude Stea Diided
into Fou Bances
Pae
7 0
7 1
73
74
7 5
75
7 8
79
8 0
8 2
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
10/206
Figue
A-3
C-2
3
C-4
C-5
C-6
o eat Loa Loops Counte-Cuent eat ane
Thee Stea Counte-Cuent eat Tanse
ee Steam Syste with empeatueContention
Miniu Aea Netwok
A Stea Syste ich Reuies eatxchanges in Seies
A Steam Syste ih Reuies eatxcanges in Paallel
age
11423
2 3
24
125
26
26
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
11/206
NOENCE
y f h rm d phr d h dr
hv b gv pc mg wh ppd
chg wrk h b cry c hr pry pcfc vcbry drb m f h
ccp dvpd Sm f h rm hv b dg
d by ymb d ppr h Nmcr; hwvr
fr p f h rm ppr
Gry ppd I
bc
h chgr c prmr
rfr r f chgr k
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
12/206
M
N
- miniu nub o xangs qui to
onstut a at xang ntwok o agivn stam syst.
- nub o xangs qui o a ntwokwit t iniu total at tans aaA*.
oiints in t tpatu viationquation o sou stams
- oiints in t tatu viationquation o sink stams .
nub o sou stas in a givn sta
syst inluing utility stams .- nub o sink stams in a givn sta
syst inluing utility stams .
- nub o tans units in a givn xang .
- at tans in xang k
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
13/206
Toutput
the deviation from the design value for the
temperature at point i,f tactual tdesign
input tperature of a given stream to aheat echange netork
outlet temperature of a given stream from a
heat echange netork
deviation of a stream's temperature from the
design value, = Tdesign - Tactual
overall heat transfer coefficient forstreams i and
eight rate of stream i
temperature dierenc at n point in anexchanger, tsource - tsink
smallest minim temperature of approach for
an exchanger in gven netork
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
14/206
ABSTACT
Ecoomic operaion o mern chemical processes re
quires ha he pars o he process wih excess hea be
couple o hose ha requre hea is hermal couplin
is accomplishe hrouh he use o hea exchaners Te
hea exchaners, heaers a coolers in moern plans orm
hihl inerae an complex neworks
Te cos o such hea exchane neworks epens no
onl on he pairin a sequencin o sreams exchanin
hea, bu also on he amous o upplemenal heain an
cooli use perai coss are primaril a uncion o
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
15/206
with het exchge etwrk t evep prctic
etwrk eig eth he reerch h hw tht there
exit " j uxtptiu r egi " i which if fere t eigs
ct be itiguihe cst bi becuse f t
ucertities itgibe Bus this regi c
be c cute " ecic ptiu etwrk es ig i
e whi ch ie withi thi j uxtptimu regi
Utiizig e f the theryic spect f the
prbe it i pibe t ccute bu fr etwrk e
ig Fir t eth h bee evepe fr eteri i g
the iiu ut temperture eve f utiity
tres require Se cy it i pibe t c c ute
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
16/206
eork desgs ca be deermed by comparso o dea
ms addo o comparso o eac oer
o cocude e researc, severa meods o e
ork syess ere epored ad e bes pars o eac
amped Meods ere aso deveoped o mprove gve
eork desgs ad o predc e eec o sream
cages o eork operao Numerca eampes are used
o usrae e desg ad operao o ecoomc opm
eorks
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
17/206
TE I
INTIN
I a oder peroe refer or ceca pa, a
arge fraco f o e a capa vee ad
e cog operag co ca e ared o e
pp ad reova of ea . To redce co
proce deger ae e of ea excage ewe e
o ad cod proce rea addo o eag ad
coog b e . Te reg grp of ea ex
cager, cooer, eaer, reoer, codeer ad/or
frace are p caed e excage ewor
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
18/206
be rewarding to develop the best esigns Such is the
case, since cnsiderabe cost ifferences can result in
network designs depending on the pairing and sequencing
of the streams exchanging heat
2
e technica literature contains informative
articles on design and optimization of individua heat ex
changers but there is ittle practica information on de
sign or optimization of networks for heat exchange e
iterature that is availabe has been groupe in an anno
tated bibliography (Appendix
i dissertation divides the probe of heat ex
change network design int a number of parts for analysis:
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
19/206
network, i.e. to find h changes i iput
variables affect outts for a iven fixed
etwork
3
T stucturing or synthesis of a network (Part (a)
of the process dsign problm) is very difficut in all
but the most simple cases is is a irect result of the
astonishing nuber of technically possible networks if
ore than three or four process streas are consided
Recently several authos have trid to foruate the nt
work synthesis probl so that it could b sov by opera
tions esearch technies Hever, these forlations
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
20/206
4
opimiaio chiqu a w Herei ie ecod
difficuy for e proce gieer The ouio ech
iqu are im coumig v oug doe o hig pd
digia compur
e ecod par of h proce deig probem {b)
ca oy be aemped afr h work a b ruc
urd Ti probem i more coveioa ad chiqu
uch a dyamic prograig hav be ued o opii
giv ework Hever h copuig co for he
echique i ao uuay i hig
Par (c) of h proce eig probem provide h
i i d i Wih
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
21/206
5
efe o an poin wihin his jua-opi egion as
he opiu e auho has developed seveal copue
aided echniques fo finding his ua-opiu egion fo
hea echange newos ese echniques ae fleile and
a e used a each sep of he design pocess o oain
he juaopi o he accuac pemied b daa and
ie liiaions
Realisicall, he acual design of a cheical
plan o a peoleu efine uni poceeds in seveal
seps and so s he design of an associaed hea echange
newo In he iniial o concepual sep he enginee
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
22/206
emphaszes the ntal desgn of heat exchange networks
e last part of the network desgn proble con
sdered s not often nclded n optmzaton stdes
That s how does the nt respond to transents and/or
steady-state process changes? e "operablty of a
process can be of great mportance n ts start-p and
economc operaton Operablty shold be consdered
drng ntal desgn stages and not left as a problem to
be soled later e athor has ade a stdy of the ef
fect of process changes on heat exchange networks and has
deeloped me general crtera whch shold ad the
6
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
23/206
CHAPER II
ELEMENS OF HEA EXCHANGE NEORKS
o fcilitt study ht xchng ntworks r
considred to b cposed of individul building blocks
or lmnts which opert on th ntwork procss strms
s lments hv bn grouped into four bsic typs nd
ch type is discussd in section of this chptr
individul lnt typs hve ben studid xtnsively
in the litrture but r reviewd re to surize thir
most importnt chrctristics In network t lemnts
do not oprte indpndently but th prformnc of ch
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
24/206
8
detiled techniques cn be used to finlize the best design
for ech element Hoever it should be noted tht the
desgn ltitude is not ver gret in the finl project
engineer ing stges
Het xhnger s
Generl D scription
Het exchngers re unique group of netork ee
ments since the m be described s the nodes of the net
ork nd the onl plce ithin netor here het trns
fer is considered to tke plce A het exchnger m be
brodl defined s n pprtus in hich one fluid trns
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
25/206
In ractice te first fuid fls troug a bunde of
tubes e te second fuid fls on te outside of te
ube bunde and is contaned by an outer se Actuay,
many variations of te basc se-and-tube design are
utiized as described by Perry (15) and oter sources
ese varations are made in an effort to otimize te de
sign of an individual excanger for te articuar service
anticiated Te tree most mortant factors affecting
tis otimization are usualy: eat transfer area, res
sure dro across te excanger, and maintenance costs
Maintenance costs are rimarily a functon of material of
i d f d bl d l i f
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
26/206
value can hen be use o characerize he excanger for
iniial rocess cos evaluaions Exchanger ressure ro
is also usually esablishe so ha exchanger esign an
uing requireens can be deermined
ssuing a simlifie dble-ie moel for he
hea exchanger one can wrie for each ifferenial seg-
en of he excanger a seaysae hea conucion
equaion:
(II
I is also ossible o wrie a ea balance for boh fluis
in e ifferenial secion of he exchanger
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
27/206
Solving Equation II for dq and substituting gives
d9U9d
9outlet - inlet>
qexcanger{II4)
fter rearrangement te wole excanger may be modeled as
outlet
d 9outlet inletue qexcanger
xchanger
d
(II5)
fter integration wit constant and rearrangemet
inlet - 9outletq U
l
n
i
n
l
t
o
u
t
l
t
UQ (II6)
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
28/206
an compensate for ing an other effects
For esign cacuations invoving other than the
oube-pipe f geometry a correction factor F is
custoariy incue in Equation II6 to correct the og
mean terature ifference to the true integrate
temperature ifference for the new exchanger geometry
us Equation II6 becomes:
q = A9 II8)
eoreticay F may vary from to se ow vaue but
in practice few exchaners are buit with an F vaue ess
than 85 is is a resut of the reative costs esign
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
29/206
3
ount of het trnsferre uh rtin or simution
utions ou be one usin ution however
n i nvove tr i n err or soution wou be r eui re
ortunte n e ff i ient ir ect soution r t in
metho hs been eveope b Ks n onon (7). he
het tns fer r te euti on ) n n energ eution
2 ) re the two esript ive eutions for het ex
hne r hese eutions m be roupe s bove or re
written usin sever imensioness roups t hve phsi
s in if ine xh nger het tr ns fer e f fetivenes s
e ) i s efine s the r t io of tu het trnsfer r te to
th th i i it i h t t f t
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
30/206
14
smller strem cpcit rte (Cin> in the echnger under
considertion e number of het trnsfer units Ntu is
n epression of the het trnsfer size of the prticulr
echnger nd is defined by
lO UdA in
U
in(II10)
Cpcit rte rtio is the rtio of the smller to the
lrger of the strem ccit rtes Like echnger ef
fectiveness, cpcit rte rtio is never greter thn
unit nd equls zero if one of the two strems is vpor
izing or condensing
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
31/206
15
1 0 exp u
l R
= R _ exp u l.OR) o 0 o R = 0 0 II2
o u s e h boe expes s on s n n exhn ng
lulon one hou po ollos:
l u o enon gen n
Eon II0
2 lule R o Eon II1
(3 Dene e o he pul oe u
n R lu es o s pl ouneu en
oub le ppe exh ne us e Equon I I2
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
32/206
6
fr the sae fuids r frm a previus desin alulatin
three fat rs miht hane it ir st , i f vei t of the
f ui ds thruh the exhaner is hne , U w i l ar . A
r uh r ue is that U vr ies as the rat io f the st ream
rtes t the 0 8 pwer , with an inr ea se in rate eadin
t an increased The seond fatr is ar iat in in f u i
prper ti es due t a hne in fu id temper ature s . If fui
vis c si ty der eases , e o it thruh the exhaner w i l
either remain nstant r inrease for a fixed pressure
drp . hanes in issity an be pronouned with heav
petr eum i s . Lsty the ndit in of the heat ex
hner ( ean r fue d) hs a s in i f iant e ffe t n the
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
33/206
As mentioned earlier these three facors are manipulaed
in he design o individual exchangers to ry ad arrive
at a minim cost for a given service Hever, they
may not always be reely varied and if, for examle,
stainless steel tubes are required because of corrosive
streams, exchanger cost wil be doubled In addition
shipping and installation can add significanty to the
initial cos of heat exchangers
I materials o construction are ixed, exchanger
17
cost can, as a first aproximaion, e related o area as:
D aA
b
c {II-13 E
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
34/206
18
e ul o ppox e u he o el e o
nu o exhnge un well o he ne e
To o e le op e eono nl o h e ex
hnge newo nenne o o he exhnge
houl e n lue
B le o Heng
eleen o he exhnge ne wo u l e e
onee o poe n nee wh exenl oue
n n o he I h ou gh he u le o he
ng h he l ene g o he p o he n e
wo h e e h ghe epe u e ene g h n l
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
35/206
1
ac le y ooe ( 1 saze s soe o he e s a
oea coseao s . Feely , las have hee
levels o sea hea avalale : hh es se (00 s ,
lo esse (100 s a eas hese levels o
seam esse ove a ealy eal hea e h
he eeae ae o ao 00 o 00F Seam
sally sasses all he hea e hs emea
e ae ecas e o s avalaly , saly , c os ,
h eaaso caacy , a s aey
ees a mehas ve cos es o ocess
les a s ees o oe ha se o
he hhe esse l evel hee s a e lave ly sal l cos
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
36/206
0
syses ae eely se. Dhe A s a ola l
o hs ose e he age 00 o 0F . he cos
o ho ol syses s c os eal hghe ha ha o
sea ae o he la so sys e Fo he
ho ol syse s ec ess ay o have a seaae heae ,
ho lg a ae e sevos a s . Heve , o he
avaages o hghe eeae asece o ae (
soe a lcaos ho ol s se .A h ye o ly hch s oe se o
heag ocess seas o hgh eeaes s he ec
e heae. I eole eg he heae s calle
a e o es ll heae os heaes ae l h
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
37/206
he ocess sea le es emeae s cease
o a xe le emeae o oose eecs ae
lace a salle heae ll e ee ecase less
hea s e ee , he le as es leave a a hhe
eeae h oe hea los he as . s , hee
1
s a ecooc ae o he eece sac as a
oces s sea eeae he ae l l vay o cos e ,
ee o hea a el coss A ossle movee
h e o ees heaes s o ha oe l coole col l hoh he covecve seco hle aohe
l hoe loe he aa seco.
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
38/206
scsses he ee cool syses a soe o he
eas os o choos eee he .
heoyacally hea ss ae he o ae o
hea soces . he vale ee s o he ay o
eey he s ca ac ce he l oes eeae a hch
eey ca e accee a he chae s eeae
as ac ces eey . oeve shol e oe ha
h vay s a soce sea eeaes he o
le o ae o acco o he cos o eey as
ee a a ve hea exchae a eo s vey
cl.
I ece yeas a cool has cease avo
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
39/206
23
ass o ecc lae hoh coo l es . Booe scsses soe o he ecoocs volve he s
o a cospo o ly ae lae pocess
plas . He caes ha ly ae ca cosly a
ha ae cosevao s poa oh he es
a opeao o plas .
Ocehoh cool ae s o se as ch as
oce as ecase o le soces . e a avaae
o ocehoh cool ae s s l epeae he
copae o close cycle cool ae hch ca eve e
coo le ha he e l a epeae . Paccally
ecclae cool ae s avalale eee 80 a
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
40/206
wa o a cool a h cos cass aply as h
s pau s low Bcaus o hs ga
cool s us oly wh cssay a h a a pa
u ll us l ha ha u o h pocss
sa Ds a opao o h sys o po
ga cool usually cs uch ao
caus o h coss ol
D cocos
cocos s h oa m us o goup
h ls ha coy h pocs s sas houh a ha
xchag wo c lu hs oup a pp
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
41/206
5
a o aly copa Gally , ppg a o
coss wll g o wos olg o a
cags us a s appoao mg o la
coco coss o um o a cags
ly , s s a oug sao u s oa
o cos sos sgca c coss
as soca a cag os .
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
42/206
HAPTER III
ANAYSIS OF STREAM SYSTEMS
The purpse f ths chpter s t pvde n dey
fmewrk tht cn be used t vew nd pce n pespectve
the vbe s s s ted wth ne twks f het exchne
In ths context vbe i s bod def ned to en nt
n ths e quntt es tht v contnuus but s
thse which chne fom ne dscete stte to nothe
Identfctin nd chcteztion of vbe intec
t ins desc be the ste sste es ibe so ution spce
Once bounds hve been est bi sed n the s utn spce
netk desns cn be effcient ppsed nd ccutey
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
43/206
7
spciid according to tpratur ll an possilyaxiu aounts aai lal or th syst rtr ic tions
ar coplt .
Onc a coplt st o syst rstrictions has n
g in a str a sys t can di nd . Th str a syst
is th coination o th gin procss stras plus th
chosn aounts o th aail al uti l it is . Thrmoynam
ic a ly th syst rs tr i ctions din a low syst y
spciying liitations iposd at th systsurroundings
oundary. aditional undrstoo spciication is that
thr is no hat low twn syst an surrounings x
cpt that coupld with sra low . That i s hat is onl y
xchangd at spci i hat xchangr s . Actually any
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
44/206
SouceStream
S n Stream
ef ge ran t oo ng Wa te r
Process
Hot 0 St eam
F g ue A Ne twos fo a S n ge P roce ssSteam ype A Steam System
Pocess Process
P
2 8
A
F e dFunace
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
45/206
D E
A
U t t y
F gu e A Po b e Netwo fo One Souce and
Sevea S i n Poce Steam One S n and SeveaSouce Poce Steam ype Steam Sytem
D E
2 9
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
46/206
3
sour or sink procss stram A utility is usd to cool
or hat th str am i a pro css uti li xchagr . Thr
is no choic as to h xchangr ha load ut slction
o th typ o utility can ad As discussd i
Chapr ach typ o utility usually xcls or a
crtai tmpratur rang Howr this rang dpds
sowhat o currnt uility and xchangr costs ad will
ary ro plat to plan as wll as wih tim Prhas
th most ailiar xamp o Typ A stra syst optimiza
t ion is th choic tw air or ar coolr s
Stra s Tp B cosits o two rocss stras
o sourc stram a on sik stram plus chosn utili
t i s ) Th hat xchag works or syst Typ B
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
47/206
3 1
hper IV.
Sr e s s t e pe n be ons der bl ore o
pied hn pes or B pe onssts o onesour e , se ve r s nk sr e s , nd t l i es or one s nk ,
se ver l sor e s r e s , nd u i e s . eworks o pe
sstes re r s he he exhne trn n rude
ds ti ll ton unts or s lqueon pl nts . Re t ve l
i e l i er ur e i s v bl e on the s nhes s nd opt
z on o pe nework s . Pe (14 ) for expe , pr e
sents so e q t i ve r ue s o be us ed i n the des n o
oolers whe Wesbrook (17 ) llus tr es the use o
dni pro r n o op ze i ven n etwork . he best
ppr o h ppe rs t o b e ht o Wh is tler (1) He uses
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
48/206
3
three trem ytem The next two ection o thi
chpter be their dicuion o networ bounds on the
thre e str em exmple preented in Tble ote tht the
het lod of the two our ce s tre m A nd B) i eual i n
mgnitude to the het lod of the in tem (C) or the
exmpl e The term inl tepertur e given in Tble
de ine our exmple ce The igni i cnce o these
our ces nd the terminl tempertures given i di
cued l ter in thi chpter
B Syte Feii lit
The irst uetion tht should be nswered or
i t t i h th t it i ibl t
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
49/206
3 3
TBE
DT O M ED THEE TEM EXME
Capac i t ate Heat oadteam C BTUH)
Q
MM BTUH)
70 , 000 7 . 00B 48,000 - 9 . 60
5 5 3 3 3 1 6 6 0
UC 0 0 BTUHt2 UBC
1 0 0 UHrt2
Termina Temperatre )
Cae 1 Cae 2 Cae 3 Cae 4tream n O t n O t n O t n O t
650 550 600 500 500 400 500 400 B 550 350 550 350 550 350 550 350
4 1 4 4 5
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
50/206
TBLE
E B L TY TBLE OR TREE TREM EXMLE CE 2 W T
9 = 20
mn
Rane#
1
2
3
4
5
oce team in teamTemp ame
( OF )
600550
5 50 - 500B
500450 B
450350 B
350 1 50
Q Temp ame Q QMM BTU) (0F ) MM BTH) Rane
3 5 0 5 30-5 80
3 5 0480-530 5 90 2 4 0
2 4 0 430480 2 4 0
4 8 0 330430 5 5 3 073
1 30330 1 1 0 7 1 1 0 7
Q Tota 0 0
Raneea i b i i t
0
0
0
0
0
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
51/206
3 5
ne f the tre in the rnge i l given A bln
indicte there re n trem in the given range Given
next t ech tre ne i the enthlpy chnge ( ) fr
the tre r the given teperture rnge.
Feibility tble re cntructed by tarting with
the highet teperture tre in the yte nd prgre
ing dwnwrd in teper tur e leve l A new r nge i tart ed
e ch tie tre (ur ce r ink) i encuntered . A
new r nge i l tr ted whenever the ter in l teper
ture f tre i reched. Figure give a pictrial
view f the f ive teper tur e r ange r Ce
The ttl het ld fr ech teperture rnge i
diplyed under the heding Q Rnge in the feibility
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
52/206
36
feaibi l ity colun i all e ro a in Table II then i t
i feaible to contruct a networ in which echanger
have at leat a F in iu tper ature of approach
On the other hand the range feaibilit column i
not alway all ero Table III contructed for Cae 4
of the Three Strea Eaple ha a te range feaibilit
column which annot be ade all ero Thi occur in
pite of the fact that the eaple i in overall heat
balance at the tabl e how i that in the fir t teper
ature r ange ther e i ore in capacit than can be ued
Liewie in the econd teperature range there i more
ource capacity than an be ued b an of the lower te
per atur e r ange Thu i t i impoibl e to contruct a
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
53/206
3 7
AB L E
FEAS B L Y ABLE FOR HREE SREAM EXAMPLE CASE 4 W H a . Fm n
Soue Steams S i n St eamsRange ems Name Q emps Name Q Q Range# ( F (MM BU/H ( F } MM BU/H} Range Fe as i b i i ty
B 4 480 - 530 2 . 77 . 7 . 7
4A 7 . 848 . 6 7 -0 . 37B 4 .8
400- 350 B .4 330- 380 . 77 . 7
4 . 5 . 53 Q o t a l .
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
54/206
38
tepe tue of ppoch The nbe o nges in e s i -
bi li t tble i s of no pt icul s igni ine , eet to
indicte the nbe of difeent te teinl tee
tues The eltionship ong iniu tepetues o
ppoch util it eui eents nd netwo costs is
discus sed in Sect ion D of thi chpte
The bove pocedue o deteining the esibilit
of constucting netwo fo given ste sste is
ppl ic le to sste with n ube of tes The
ethod cn be esily coded fo use on digitl coute
nd eecute uicl. ppendi D contins ORRN IV
pog n eple of fesibilit nd iniu utilit
te clcultion
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
55/206
nd hve the me overll het trner coeicient with
repect to iven in trem their potentil het lux
will be the me In uch ce the tre re id to
be in " temper tur e contention ht i ei ther one o
the could eliver het to the in t the me cot in
ter o het exchne re I i t exit thi teper
ture contention will hold over ome rne Fiure how
tht there i no temperture contention or Ce o the
hre e S tr em Exmpl e However or Ce the contention
exit over bro d r ne hon in Fiure Ce
lo h r ne o teperture contention ( to F
networ will hve the minium totl het trner
re i ech dierentil element o het or ll tre
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
56/206
7
4 8
nthapy (MM UHr
F i g u r e ac o emperature ontention n h ree S t rea m E xamp e a e
0
'
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
57/206
4
he pr ere s sr e h sr e s eq eper
re e e s r s fer he w h he sme he x m
per pr gr s hes ze s h ewr s b r f r
s ge pped x D . Expe r e b es r
pex s r e s s es r e s g e .
Fr s sses he re ewrk be
be e s e Tbe V ges he
r e ewr f r sr e s se wh h es he
eper re e . Tbes VI d VI I g e he
re ewr k f r w s s ems wh er e
s f epe r r e e .
Lke he fes b be e r e be
s mpse f eper re r ges e s r e
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
58/206
ABLE V 2
MIN IMM AREA ABLE FOR HREE STREAM EXAMPLE CASE 1
Source S rea S k S rea Exchager Ca cu a oRage ep Nae Q ep Nae Q 1 Area#
2
Rage#
2
( F ) ( F )
650550 A - 7 0 304430
550350 B -9 . 6 3 0 3 0 4
7 . 0
9 6
A B L E V
{ F ) ( F ) ( F ) ( F 2 )
00 220 247 233 300
0 0 2 4 7 2 2 0 2 3 3 4 1 2
E = 2 , = 22 0 A = 7 1 2
M N IMM AREA ABLE FOR HREE SREAM EXAMPLE CASE 2
Source S rea S k Srea Exchager Ca cu a o
ep Nae Q ep Nae Q 2 A Area F ) ( F ) ( F ) F ) { F ) (F2 )600550 A - 3 . 5 367430 3 . 5 1 0 0 7 0 1 83 1 7 7 1 9 8
550500 A - 3 . 5 260367 5 . 9 1 0 0 83 2 40 2 0 2 8 B 2 4
7 2 3 1 3 .
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
59/206
4
terinted so tht the het lost b the source stres
ust euls tht gi ned b the s in str es us the
rnge is in het blnce nd the vle of cn be deter
ine d ddit ionl r nges re fored unti l ll the stres
in the sste hve been included The finl rnge should
end with the lowest source stre outlet teperture nd
the lowest sin stre input teperture If overll het
trn sfer coeff ic ient vlues ( ' s re nown for e ch
str e cob intion n r e vlue cn be deterined fore ch r nge The su of these re vlues is then the
inium totl het exchnge re for the given stre
sste
Notice tht the miniu teperture of pproch for
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
60/206
4 4
ytem i n whi ch var iou tre am cobination have d i eren t
ove al l hea t trane coe i c ient For uch a c ase the
var iou trea may be in trea contention . t e
contention exit when the product U euals ue AC Table VIII give an example o a thee team system
in which two in tr eams are in tempe atu e contention
Figure 5 show that the contention exit ove the whole
tempeature range o both tre However the over all
heat tanser coeicient are dieent or the two
te am Thu tre am contention alo exi st There or e
to calculate a tr ue minimu are a netwo anges in the
minium area table mut be determined on the bai o
potential heat lux T able I X hows the con
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
61/206
Srea
A
B
400
ABLE V I I I
DAA FOR SREAM CONENION EXAMPLECapac y RaeC ( B/HrF )
20 000
1 55 0
4 4 5 0
eperaure ( )I Ou
400 .
259
259
320
320.
320
He aQ (M B/H)
5 86 . 0
7 0 4 6
8 8 4
4
AB E X
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
62/206
Rage
l
2
3
M IN IMM AREA ABE CON DR NG RAM CONEN ON
ource rea k rea E ch ager Ca lcu la o ep Nae Q ep Nae Q [ue ] 1 [ U a ] 2 2 Area
400-382 A - 3 5 6 289-320 B 3 5 6 79 30 . 9240 1 0 0 7 9 3 9 2 4 8 5 6 4 1 6
382- 3 39 - 8 4 3 259-289 B 349 9240 8030 1 0 0 9 2 4 8 0 3 86 . 3 4 0 4286-320 . 494 1 50 6 1 5 5 3 . 6 5 7 . 5 5 7 . 3
339-320 A - 3 8 7 259-286 3 8 7 8030 9 1 50 . 1 5 0 5 3 6 6 1 0 5 7 3 4 5 0 E = 4 , = 5 3 6 , A = 1 84 3
32 0 F
A400 O F
:
.
320 O F
259 F
I
A
2 89 F 2 5 9 FB
F i gu re 6 M i u Area Nework Co i der g Srea Coe o
E #
1
23
4
4
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
63/206
4
TAE X
M N MUM AREA TALE ONS DER N ONY TEMPERATURE ONTENT ON
Source StreamsRange Temps Name Q# O F
S in StreamsTemp s Name Q{OF
A
7
8 8
E x c a n g e a l c l a t o n s 91 9? Area
F
F
) { F ) ( F t
8
6 ]
8
E+
= ,+
6 8e = A = 1 m n
4 8
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
64/206
4 8
strea cotetio is oe which ust be ore thoroughly
ives tigate be fore it ca be cos iere to be neglig ible .
D . Mi ium eper at ur e of pproach
he theral r ivi g for ce or teper ature i ffer ence 9 ) wi ll vary fr o oe e of a exchager to the other ,
uless the source a sik streas have ietical capacity
rates. he iiu teper atur e o f appro ach 9i > for
a exchager is the smalest value of 9 for that exchager his value will usually occur at one of the es of the
exchager However , for soe ser vices the r ivig for ce
may be sa le st at a poi t i ter al to the exchager
9
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
65/206
the pertinent ot i required. The cot o dditionl
9
exhnger re ut be blnced gint the vlue o the
increed heting nd ooling tht would te plce. Thi
type o nlyi h been conduted by itler 8 ) nd
other. The nlyi depend on the reltive cot o
heting ool ing n d exhnger re but the eonomic
inimu teperture o pproch i lot lw le thn
2 F nd ore probbly 1 F onidering the high cot o
utilitie in tody plnt.
ctul ly te eonoi minimu temperture o p
proch i not ontnt but depend on the teperture
level t whih het being trnered. For re r iger
tion yte the eonomic inimu teperture o pproh
50
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
66/206
50
Ths calclatin f several feasibility tables
with varing min va es make it ps s ib le to e terine the
effec t f min imm temper atre f apprac n t i l i ty r e
qir ements fr any s tre am s ste . he r ange of intere s t
fr 9 vales i s fr 0 t perhaps 5 0 p. I f the str eammn
sstem is nt feasible at very lw in vale s then ti i
ties wi certain be neee in a netwrk. On he oter
han if the str eam s stem is fe as ible for a la rge in im
teperatre f apprach (greater than 5 0 ) aitiona
tiities are nt necessary.
btain a mre qantitative view of these inter
actins min im netwrk area an be cal cla te fr a
r ange f til ity strea r ates . plt f minim newrk
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
67/206
steam system is deined as:
E M + N - -2)
whee M is the nme o soce steams and N te nme
o si nks netwok s ing ony the as i-minimm ne
o echanges can e constcted o any steam system
that is easie see Section B ) Sch a netwok may e
ie si tting st eams ; howeve at each ecange in
the netwok one o the sys tem ste ams mst eac its ot
et teme ate discssion o te easiiity o net
woks containing ony ecanges is given in endi mati oat can e sed to visaize netwoks
with di e ent ne s o eat echanges The ee senta
5 2
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
68/206
5 2T A B L E X I
HE NMBER OF HEA EXCHANERS I NV A R I O U S NTWORKS FOR A SEVEN STREAM SSEM
SourcesA B D S i n Q
y : 3 . 3 3 oopt
S i n s F102 . 6 3 1 0 0
G 7 60 6 7 Source Q 30 40 70 . 60 200
A . Seven Exchangers W i l Resu t i n a Heat Load Loop
SourcesA B D S i n Q
.
30 3 3 3 S n s F 3 7 6 3 0 0
5 3
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
69/206
5 3
detemined and i t is not poss ible to ay an o the ex
hange heat loads without upsetting the system heat
balane . Howee othe s ix exhange netwoks an be
onstuted o the gien steam system o most steam
sys tems the bes t o these pos s ible netwoks annot be
ound by diet seah sine thee ae too many possibi
li ties to enume ate .
I oe than the quas i minimum numbe o exhange s
ae used Pa t o Tabl e XI a heat load loop will
eis t in the netwoks . The sign iiane o the loop is
that the exhange heat loads in the loop ay be alteed
without di stub ing the oea ll netwok he at balane . o
netwok s wi th head load loops opt iiz at ion o exhange
5
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
70/206
5
costa its The temeate eves o the ste ams i
vove mst be checke beoe oe ca say i it is ossibe
to costct etwok C .
I o iea eeec ie s exis t betwee te soce
a s ik steam sbsets it is io ss ib e to costct
a etwok with ewe ta the asi-miimm e o
heat exchage s S ice sch sbset eaity i s iey
o most ea s team systes E ay be geeay vieedas the acta miim me o exchages
* .
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
71/206
5
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
72/206
for network desin is presened.
. nthes i z in etwork Ds ins
he on de sr iption of the enthap di agr m or mor e
expiit the temperatureenthap diaram in the lira
ture appears at the end of an artie b ister 8 ) .
He indiates hat it is used b a nuber of eniners but
is not unier sa l epoed . Essential the dira in
ols pottin the streams to be inuded in a ntwor on
a epr atur e s enthap sa l . Th i s was don for the
exmpl es in Chapter I I I .
With the streams portrad in suh a fashion it is
re at ie ea s to snthes iz e ood networks . ine the
5 7
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
73/206
stat with the highest temeae soce and sin steam
te eciing how these shod e echange one ne
cons ide s the owes t teme at e ste ams hen ac o
the hi ghe temea e s again eventa y woing a d
the mide temeate ste ams ctay sevea ne
wos may aea to e good and it is then necessay to
comae etaied cacations o each
he steams isaye on the enhay diagam need
not have constant heat caacity ved ines can e
dawn and man iate j st as we a s st a ight ones .
Sitting a steam into a nme o anches is somewhat
awwa d on the enthay i agam owe caac ity ate
steams have a steee soe an so otaying anches
8700 r-
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
74/206
700
500
300
1000
Exchanger # 1
8
Enha l py (MM
F i g u r e 8 E n h a l p y D i a g ra m S t h es i s A l t e r na te A .
5 9
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
75/206
A
A Ser e F l ow
A
A
Ser e F l ow (A l erae)
60
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
76/206
hapter or the more omplex sstems , some sk i l l i sinole in s ing the enthalp iagr an a s might be
expete pr ati e impr oes one s fai l it with the tool
B Optimizing etwork Designs
One a network onf igur at ion has been sele te , the
inter nal temper atur es an r ates ma be a j us te to optimize
the requir e heat trans fer ar ea More aurate l , the
temperatures an rates shoul be ajuste to optimize net
work ost s i s uss e in hapter I I , ost shou l not
onl inlue the effet of network area but some ontribu
t ion epenent on the number o f heat exhanger s .
he f ir st in i ation as t o whether the interna l
TAB L E 6 1
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
77/206
Srea
A
D
TAB L E DAA FOR HEAT LOAD LOOP EAMPE
Capac y Re Teperare F ( BTU/HrF ) O
1 4 , 45 0 1 40 3 2 0
1 0 8 2 0 1 0 0 1 8 0
1 6 7 2 2 3 2 0 200
20 , 000 3 5 3 300
A 1 u eq a 1 5 0 BTU/HrF2 F
Heat oQ MM BTU/ r )
2 60
0 86
-2 00
1 46
6 2
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
78/206
A network has been proposed for ths sst ue 11)
and an optization of the nternal net tate
s es ire d . Str ic tly speakn g e minu tt to
area occurs when the temperature t 1 s at 23 r
iure 2 shows soe ore detail concerning total tk
are a . The slution sur face is rea lly qu ite flat fo a
teperature of t1
between 222 and the lmitn ta
ture of 25 2 Oer this range, the total area s th
2 of the mniu. Thus r athe tha chose th tepe a-
tures such that total network area s a im t s
bette to select t equal to 2 2. At th s alue ex
changer s 1 , 2 an carr the entir e network heat load
and exchanger 4 is not necessar.
63
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
79/206
i to the es i o exche etwos 6 ) pe sets
the ie o cobini ou esibe netwos into sie
supe etwok . Thi s supe etwok is the optimi z
iictes tht the upoitbe exches shou be
e ii te o the i optii e supe etwo . Ho
eve s ice Hw e tes etwok cost oy to e hi s
"optiu esin ivoves o the thitee exches
p e set in the o ii supe netwok The qus i iimu
ube o exches o this ste syste is oy ive
n so i t wou ppe tht soe o the exche s c ou
be esiy eiite. Uotutey s ic iet t e
ot pe set i the t ic e to check this hypothe s i s
Aothe expe om the itetue tht iictes
4
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
80/206
ranches which have the smaer teperature differences 6 Since the ranch rates are not in equal propotion to the
heat oad this procedure is caed disproportionate
stream spittin In Fiur e C the st ream s r anches
have een optiiz e This is shown y the fact tht the
outet tempertures of the two ranches are not equal
c Overa Stratey
he oa of a desin stratey s to present a pln
of attac that wi produce an econoic dsin ithn the
appicae time and re source constr aints To ad ths
desin proces s increas in ider u se has een made o
diita computers Coputers are not as yet ae to
6 5
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
81/206
- lc ra y
Dr Q a M Nbr of Ha Exchagr
C a l c l a O p U l y Ra ad M prar of pproach
ad o Crr Co
yhz Nwork U gE h a l p D a g r a
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
82/206
f a fw agr The strateg s nteracve n the
sense that the engneer ust ake the esgn ecsns
athugh the cuter can avse h f the cnseuences
f the ecsns.
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
83/206
CHAPTER V
CAS STUDES IN HEAT EXCHANG NETWRK D
Stues on tree fferent stream systems are
pre sente n ti s capter Tese sys ems er e selec ted
from to art cles n te i ter ature 1 17 and ar e n
cude to lu strate a ide var ety of esn probles an
so uti ons Most o f te ca lcul at ons for tese eampes
ere done it te computer prorams iven n Appen D
Representative roram output is iven for eac of te
eample s n te appen di ltou te pror ams ar e soe
at come tey eecute qu ickl y and not mor e tan
fifteen mnutes computaton tie as equre to cacuate
68
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
84/206
ProcessStrems
2
3
4
i i tyStrems
Stem
TAB L E X DATA FOR TYPE D SYSTEM O FOUR PROCESS STRS
Ref 1 0)
Cpc i ty Rte Tempertures F ) et o BTU/r ) Q {MM BTU/ r )
1 4 , 4 50 1 40 3 20 2 60
1 6 6 6 7 320 200 2 00
1 1 ' 5 3 0 240 500 3 0 0
20 , 000 480 2 8 0 -4 00
Descr i t i on
Sturted t 540 F tent het 6 5 6 6 BU/Lb
69
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
85/206
Fiue 14 umie the ccutios o iiu utiit
equi emet mi iu tot etwok e Tese c cu -
tio outie the eibe soutio pce o the sstem.
A ue o poit o the bou e iicte. ee-
i to Fiu e 14 po it bove the cuve i i the
eibe etwok spce whie it i ipoibe to costuct
e ibe etwok whi ch wou ie beow the cuve
ee et ive oe cot iue o het ex-
che e o the utii tie . U i the i imu e
cuve {Fiue 4 pu thei ccutio etho o te
e pout 8 h ow time ecooic evu
tio c be me o the optiu uti it tes . The opti
mu ste te i bout 26 TU with suiciet
Coo i g Ut i l i ty MM B U/ r 0 8 0 1 0 1 1 1 2
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
86/206
tworkAr
F t2
00
Boo
700
600
t
I
E = 1 3 9 =
5 F m
9 = 1 0 F m A E = 5 9 = 20 F m
I
, J
_
l
X i h
uu .
. 2
n
Rate % a bove n mum U t t es )5 0 100
7 1
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
87/206
7
6
Cost
$/Yr)
3
Tota Cost
5 0 100
n mu m e two r Area and E 5
7 2
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
88/206
data en n fea s be netwo space aps .
n enta daa s pesented n Fue 1 fo
te exape sot stud of te da w sues t a
pos s b e neto no n f e excanes Fue 1 7
sows ow te netwo was constucted on te aa
Lee ' s constant of 2 0 F tepeatue of appoac was an
taned so te snteszed netwo coud be copae to te
one pes ented n s at ce e to ne two s ae pe
sented n F ues 18 and 9 Lee s netwo eques a
tota of 59 ft2 of eat excane aea we te one
snteszed b te entap daa eques on 706 ft2
s s an 8% poeent a n about 6 % aboe te n u
ae a ese two netwos ae sown o n F ue 4 a s po n ts
Steam emperatre Leve
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
89/206
500
400
emperature
{ O F )
300
200
1000 2
Range of Coo i ng-Wate r
emperatre
3 4 5
Enthapy (MM BTU/Hr)
F i gu re 1 6 En tha py D i agram for ype D Sysem Examp l e .
7
.
w
Steam
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
90/206
500
400
Temperature
(OF )
300
200
1000 1 2 3 5
Enth al py (MM BTU/Hr)
F i gu re 1 7 Network Synthes i s Us i ng Entha l py D i agram f Type D System Example.
'
L
Stre S t rem 4 S tem7 5
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
91/206
Strem 3
Strem 1
C l n g Wter
4 0 F
1 80 F
5 4 0 F
F g re 8 Netwrk After Lee et l
7 6
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
92/206
rcessStreams
Ga s 1 i e
Kers i e
Gas 0 i 1
Gas O i 1
A s p h a l t
C rde
U t i l i t yStreams
2
T A B X V
DAA OR YE C SYSM O S IX PROCSS STRAMSRef 1 )
Capac i ty Rates emperatres oF Heat adC BTU/Hr ) I O t
Q
MM BTUHr )
3 2 3 0 0 2. 1 0 0 . -5 6
39 ,400 . 400. 1 0 0 . 1 1 . 8
0 4 0 0 00. 1 2 0 . 2 .
220 , 000 . 550 . 350 . 4 4 . 0
2 2 0 0 1 0 . 1 1 . 8
244 400 . 0 1 4 0 .
7 7
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
93/206
akes t uh easer to suaze and reeber strea
data
Westbrook s art e deas wth the use o dyna
progr ang to opt ze heat ehange network he network
he hose to opt ze s gen n Fgure 2 Thee are
seera ontradtons and errors n the tepeature d
gen n the arte but the teperatures n Fgure 21
appear to be those Westbrook ntended
The arge nuber o derent heat od oops n
the network akes or a op e opt z a on . esbr ook
dd not nude any unt oss o ehngers and so a
o the ehangers orgnay present are retaned n the
network ater h s " optz aton " Atua y the network
800
Ut i l t y H eat Leve l
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
94/206
700
Goo
sooI
Temperature( 0_ 400
300
200
100 l
00
Ut i l t y H eat Leve l
1 As ph a 1 t
Crude
Gaso I neI
Gas O 1 I
I
Co o ng-Wat erTemperatur Range
50 1 00 1 50 200 2 50 30 0
ntha l py (MM BTU/Hr)
F i gu re 20 Entha l py D iag ram for Type C Sysem Ex amp .-
(
G as l e Kerse Ga s 1 Gas 1 As p al t
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
95/206
C rude
75 F
C l gWater
7 5 f
G as l e
2 7 5
Kerse
4
Ga s 1
5
Gas 1
55
g r e 2 1 Nerk Afer Westbrk
As p al t
6 7 5
r e drace
6 5
C oo g U y MM BTU / r )
28
a
0 1 1
i
2
q
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
96/206
eworkArea
M 2 )
2 4
2
1 6
A E
I
f
6 , = 25 m
= 25 m
M mu U 1 y: for ea Baace
E r e Lo cu s
E+= 3 + = 25' m
C E = ,
=
m
1 2 -0 8 52 56 60
ea g U i y MM B TU r )
i gu re 22 Feas b e ework Space of Type C Syse Exmp e
i h i h
8
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
97/206
cooi ps excher costs eterine the ont o
ti it ies tht sho be se . Thi s wi l vry soewht
ro pt to p t with t ie . However te oti
tiities c be qicky ccte ro Fir once
costs re estbishe.
Westbrook s etwork ieti ie by on the igre
ses re ot o ti it ies . This is ot necessry
the ethpy ir c be se to constrct net
work withot y coo i wter . Figre sows sc
sythes i s . The cr e stre hs een s it ito or
brces . Fire 2 pi ctr es te network syntes i zed . The
retive sizes o the vrios cre stre brches were
chose to ive exchers o roy eq tepertres o
700
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
98/206
00
500Tempe ra tu re
F ) 400
300
200
100
00 2 5
CrudeBrancB
E 3
Gas0 i 1I
As
c
5 0 75 1 00
En ha l py MM BTUHr)
Furnace
Tal rudeSrea r
Suer
Branc 0
1 25 1 50
F i g u re 23 erk S yn es i s W i C r u de S rea D v ded n ur B rances .
G a so l i n e Gas 0 i 1 2
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
99/206
Branch A-
75 F \ 1 1 2 6 F\.
5 2 6 F
5 5 0 F f r '
Branch B
75 F 35 6 f
u
7 5 1 2
0
u F
r
os
i n
ranch C
75 f
1 5
o
f
s
F
4 4 8 f
Gas O i 1
Branch D
75 F
F igure 2 4 Network Synthes i zed Us i ng Entha l py D iagram .
4 8 4
6 5 0 F
Ow
Tpe D Sstem o S ix Pocess Stems
84
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
100/206
Tpe D Sstem o S ix Pocess Stems
The in exmpe in this chpte is anothe Tpe D
sstem om the tic e b ee et T e X gies the
stem inomtion This exmpe is consiea moe
compex thn the ist one pesente temeate
enap i g m Fige 2 5 shows the age mont o
tempete contention pesent
n n cs e the e sibe netwo sace cn e
etemine n this gives n ieiate iea o the inte-
e tionshis between eqie netwo e n ti itie s
Fige 26 shows that stem is eqie on i it is e-
s i e to s e moe thn the min imm mont o coo ing-wte
Point D on the ige shows the minimm e netwo con-
TABLE XV
8 5
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
101/206
PrcessStreams
3
4
5
6
t i l i t yStreams
TABLE XV
DATA FOR TYP D S Y S T M O F S I X PROCSS STRAMSRef ( 1 0 )
Capac i ty Rate Temper at ures 0 F) Heat adC ( B T /H r F ) n O u t
Q
(MM TU/H r)
1 6 , 0 0 0 0 0 . 4 3 0 . 5 . 8
8 0 0 0 . 440. 5 0 - 8
3 , 7 6 0 1 8 0 350 . 5 5 7
3 8 0 0 . 5 0 300. -5 . 24
6 3 5 0 00. 40 0 . 5 7
3 3 6 0 0 . 390 5 0 . 8 0 6
esc r i p t i o n
500
Steam emperature eve
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
102/206
400
emperature( F )
300
200
100
0
C i n g{WaterRange
2 4 68 0 2
n t h a p y MM B/Hr)
F ig u r e 25 n t h a p y D ia g r a m f r S x P r c ess S t r ea m y e D S yst em x a m p e
1 4
2 . 5
C oo l i n g U t i l i t y ( MM BTU / H r )
6 . 0
A E 6 a . = 4 0 F ' m n
B
E = 5 9 = 40 F" m n
6 . 5 7 . 0 7 . 5
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
103/206
NetworkArea
Ft2)
2 . 3
2 1
1 . 9
I C : E 7 a 20F1
m n
I
5 3 MM BTU /Hr Coo l i n g .I M i n i mum U t i l i ty fo r He a t B a l an ce .
_
a+
= 50 F-
m nT .I
II
I
I
En
t
i
r
e Locus
+ + E = 29, 9 . 50 Fm n
II
1 7 .
1 . 60 0 4 0 8 1 . 2
He a t i ng U t i l i ty (M M BTU/Hr)
2 . 0 2 4
F i gu r e 26 Feas i b le e t w or k S pac e f or S i x P r oce s s S t r eam Type D System Example.0-
88
for crtain procss sras, and thn as utility rat is
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
104/206
for crtain procss sras, and thn as utility rat is
incrased other procss sras ay aso b xand ih
the utilitis.
L ' s " optial ntork for th s tr ea syst on
tains sevn xchanrs and is desinatd as point in th
ntok space iure 2 7 pictures e ' s ntork. His
ntork uses on ore than th quasiiniu nuer of x
chanrs (E 3 + 4 - 1 6 It is possibl o construct a ntork usin only
th quasiiniu nuber of exchanrs ith th aid of th
tepraturnthalpy diara. Suh a ntork is prsntd
in igur 28 and reprsntd as point on th fasibl
nork spac . Hoevr , note that xchanr #3 is very
89
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
105/206
Stream 1
S t r e a m 2 Stream 4 S t r eam 6
9
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
106/206
Stram
Stram 6 Stram Stram 4
and ea ansfe aea equeen ae caned on
9
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
107/206
q
s fo e newo n F ue 8
Reducon of e ea excane equeen o fve
usaes e need fo nvenvenes s on e pa o f e
pocess desne S c spea n e n u nube
of excanes s e quas n u nube fo s exae.
No souce o s n sea subse s ae denc a equa
Howeve n pac ce e n u nube of ecanes can
be educe o fve and a newo consuced As o
wee o no newo B s e econoc coce depends on
coss assocaed w e nube of excanes n a
ne wo
9
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
108/206
S t e a m 3
S t e am 5
Steam
8 0 F
2 0 0 F
0 0 F
S t eam 2 S t eam 4
2 2 4 F
73 F
4 40 F 5 2 0 F
400F
2 5 2 F
4 3 0 o )
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
109/206
CHAPTE I
HEAT EXCHANGE NEOS IN OPTIO
Coiutio sythesis siig o the iiiu
eemets is oy pt o the iomtio poces eig-
e ees o compete het exche etwok esi He
shou so he kowee o the opeti chcte-
i st ic s o the etwok Thi s chpte ttept s to we
soe o the y questios tht the esige ight he:
1 ) s i t poss ibe o sm pocess chge to cuse
sti c ches i etwok pe omce? ) Whi ch
eemets o the etwok e most seitie to chge?
) D etwok s chcte ist ics hep o hie pt
9
V- )
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
110/206
V )
Fr the def init in f ef fi cienc in Eaton -a ne
a a wr ite :
-)
f the ave equatin are cined the eltng ex-
pein fr uce and ink ide f th exchange ae
t t - t > n u n u ce C e {tn rce in
Cin/R ) { tut - tin> ink
- t k )n n
ine
V-3)
VI- )
t e ) t + et V-7
9 5
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
111/206
tut suce
= e ) t n suce
+ et n snk V-7
/ tut snk eRtn suce
+ l eR ) t n snk V-8
hee tepeatues tten as " epesent ffeencesfrom the design values , i . e . t = tactual - tdes ign
nce nue ca l the capac t ate at R ) an
ef f cenc e th ust aas e eteen an an
changes ae n the net tepeatues f an exchange
l appea nshe n tes f changes that ccu nte utlet tepe atue s
Equatns V-7 an 8 can e e tten n the f:
< t t Fkt
+ Gkt k V-9
9 6
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
112/206
urce A
n
n D
rce B
4
9 7
s pstv and ust b lss than and so tpatu
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
113/206
changs n th nput to a ntwok cn on ppa as
dnshd changs f th sa algbac sg on ntwok
outt tp atus It shuld also b notd tt chang
n ntwok outlt d v d b nlt chang s cos tnt
Ths constant s cald th tpatu ss
facto
Tabl XVI lsts tpatu sst factos fo
th ntwok shwn n Fgu 9 pag 7 5 ) . hs factos
w coputd b subutn SENSIT n n Appnd D.
To us th tabl on s pl f nds h colun of th s t a
whos nt tpatu s vd and th ow of th ut
lt ntd at tp atu ds d. T fact at
AB XVI
8
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
114/206
#
# 2
O u t l e t #3
eperatueFactrs #4
c w
Stea
MPRAUR SS I I V I FACF O R W O R K S H O W I F U 9
Stea Whse I n l e t e p e a t u e I s#
. 1 39
0
#2 #3 #4
08
409" 0 00
2 3 8
0 8 3 9 7 042
8
2 4 2
c w .
3 4
0
0
V a iedSte
0
0
"
0
32 7 0 0 . 473 0
0 0 0 0 0 l
9
TABE XV I
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
115/206
EXAMP CALCULAT ON US I NG MPERAT R S E N S I T IV ITY FACTORS
A
S i m u l t i o nT C a l cu l a t ed F ro S en s i t i v i ty FactosStrea Due to 1 0 F0 Due to + 1 0 F0 Tot l C l . ",
Tout
C h n ge i n # 1 C h an ge i n #2 Chnge Both Chnges
1 3 9 + 1 . 08 0 3 1 0 3
2 -2 50 + 4 09 +1 . 59 + 1 5 9
3 0 0 0 0
4 3 . 0 6 + 2 3 8 - 0 6 8 - 0 6 8
c w . - 2 0 0 +3 2 7 2 7 + 2 7
.
tl - 3. 79 + 6 2 1 +2 42 +2 42
t2
- 5 63 + 4 3 8 + 1 25 + 1 . 2 5
100
points in a network can be qickly ientiie by ooking
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
116/206
for the larges t factors in the table . It al o qickly
seen where a change wil prouce no efect on a iven
strea teperatre (zero sensitivity actor ) .
B Steay-State Response to Capacity Rate Chane
For a oble-pipe heat exchanger o fixe ein
ef fic iency can be expre e in ters o stre a r ates
Combining Equations II-10 an II-12a ives:
e 1 . 0 - exp UA/Cmin - UA/Cax
Ci n/Cax - exp UA/Cmin - UA/Cmax(VI-11)
Ths ef iciency i a rather coplex nction o inivi ual
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
117/206
1
(page 7 5 ) . erentage strea ate hange is l iste d at the
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
118/206
top o eah oln ah ro in the tl oesponds to
an inte rnal or oe t str ea teperatr e hange . Note
that ost of the teperatre hanges ae ol linear
over the -1 % to +1 % r ate r ange . s ith tre
sen si tiv ity the ost sens i tive par ts of a neto e
deterined qiky by ooking for the largest ns in
the tab e . Notie that the teperate sensitivit nd
the r ate sens it iv ity of a netork ar e not th sa .
Gener al ly , the netork otlet tepetr of a str ea i s
ore sensitive to a hange in its o te ad less sensi
tive to a hange in its inpt teperare than are the
other streas in the netok
103
T A B L E X I X
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
119/206
EXAMPE CALCULAT ON US NG RAE SENS V I TY ABLE
T C a l c u l a t e d F rom R a te S en s i t i v i t i e s S i m u l a t i o nStream Due to -5% Due to +5 otal C a l c . f C h a n g e i n # C h an g e i n #2 Change Both Change
out
3 . 5 3 0 7 3 6 8 3 . 6 8
2 0 . 5 3 3 . 92 4 .45 4 4 5
3 0 0 0 0
4 3 4 0 . 3 8 3 9 3 8
c w . 0 . 4 3 2 0 2 4 4 2 4 2
1 0 8 2 69 3 . 5 0 3 . 4 7
2 3 60 69 3 8 5 3 86
04
London dvot a captr to t sary of 8 transint
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
120/206
rspons probls that av appard in th litratr
Th soltion to t probls ar prsntd in trs of
dins ionl ss qanti ti s c lik tos sd in t x
cangr r at ing ca lcl ation procdr . Coon to th so l
ti on o f a ll o f ths probl ms i s t act tat th dynamic
rspons o individal xcangrs to stp changs is
ovrdpd i no osci llations occr .
Addi tional ly t govrn ing dif fr ntial qations
ar s aid to b l inar within t sa l idal izations
Th s th tpr atr r spons to any pr trb atio ns otr
tan a stp nction can b obtaind by linar dynic
tcniqs Bcas ac indiv idal xcangr tnds to
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
121/206
REEREES
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
122/206
1 . Boas , A. H. , " Optza ton a Lnea and DnaPoan, " eal
Engn n,
7 0 , o . 4 8 5 - 8( 19 6 } .
. Booe , M. , "ate , " hemalEngn n , 1 ' o 1,
1 5 - 1 8 ( 19 7 0 .
. an , L . T . , and S . an , The Ds ete aumP ncpl ,
Jon Wle & Sons;n , ew Yo , 1964 .
4 . G az z , L . , a nd R . P as e o P o e ss oo l n S s tes , "Hdocabon Poc ssng,
49 , o 1 0 , 8-90 (197 .
5 . Happel , J . , heal Poess Eonoms , John le &Sons , n , ew Yo , 195
6. Hwa, s , " ppl aton of Math odels n . E Resea, Desn, and Poduton, A . . h . E . ns .h e . En s . , 4 Pape 4 1 , ondon eetn, 8 -8(June 1965
0
2 Mono L. S a Chal Engneen 7 7 No
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
123/206
2 334 (7 3 Nlson L . ol Refney Engneeng 4h
on MGawH ll Boo Co Nw Yo
4 ag M os l Cool ng Ts a NwAoah o as s Ds gn al
Engneeng
7 4 No 7 3 ( 67
John alEngnees
Hanboo 4h on MawHl l Boo o Nw Yo 63
6 s M an K D Thas lanDes
Eonos ChalEngnees
MGawHll Booo Nw Yo 6 8
7 sboo G T s T s Mho o S EahSag fo Bs a on Hyoaon oessn anol fn No 2 26 (6
s l A M Ha Exhangs as Mon s
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
124/206
A P P E N D C E S
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
125/206
PPENDIX
GOSSRY
Single Ste Tems
Steam Inteaction ems
System and etwok erms
0
This lossary ontains the seial ters and
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
126/206
hr ases used in thi s di ssert ation . t as neessa ry to
define these seialize ters sine there is at resent
no seifi voabulary in the literature that an be used
to desr ibe soe of the onets develoed The lo ss ar y
is divided into three setions ith the ters in eah
setion lsted alhabetially
INGL TR TRM
NTRNAL TRAM TMPRATUR - s tr ea teer at ure that
our s it hin the heat exhane netork . This ould
usually be at soe teerature beteen the terinal
SPLIING A SRE - dv dn a ea n w o e
1 1 1
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
127/206
banch tea a uated bew.
B Note: t ouA
1 n
deter ned by anentha py ba lancearound te summer
Fue A-1 . A Typca Tw-way Sea Sp .
SPLITING THE H LO OF A SRE - exchann h ea
b th th h
112
STREAM INTERIN TES
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
128/206
HEAT ECNGER ES IGN CALCULATIN - deten ng the a ea
equed o a heat exhange so that the soue and
snk steam tempeatues hange ove a speed
ange The tempeatues ae onsstent wth an
enthapy baane that gves the amount of heat to be
tansfeed
HEAT ECHNGER RATING CALCULATIN - detenng the st ea
outet tempeatues and the aount o heat tansfeed
n a heat exhange o a gven desgn a ea xed)
w th known st eam ne t tempe atue s A onvenent
det auaton atng method s the tansfe unt
ff th d K d L d
3
str e rou gout the r e o f te conten ti on the
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
129/206
two source stres wl be ble to supl etg
to the sink t the se cost ters of e.
Contention cn lso est for two snk stres d
sgle source o fo severl stres of ec tpe.
TEMPERATURE COTENTON - the s pl fed cs e of st e
conteton whee te effect of the overll et
trsfer coeffcient U i s ot cos idered . To o
oe souce streas re i teperture conteton
wt ec oter if ty e vlble for het echge ove coo tepe tur e nt er vl Sink
stres c lso be in tepeture coteton
TEMPERATURE SENS TVIT ACTOR - fo het ecnge et
114
steas in the stea syste
AT LOA LP t t i l th th t
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
130/206
AT LOA LP - a te se to es ie l oe pth that
st exist in a heat exhange network i or a ixe
strea syste the network are an e hange y
alteing only intenal teperates an/or anh
steam rates The loop st stat at one exhanger
an retrn to that sae exhange y ollowing strea
paths The loop my hange o oll owin g the path
o one steam to that o anothe only at heat ex
hangers In oth o the networks il ls tate elow
a loop an e ae thogh exhange s 1 3 4 2 an
ak to exhange 1 .
115
TA-OPTI REGION - that reion o the ea sible solu
ti h i h b t t i ti
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
131/206
tion space , wh ich becau se o ata uncert ain ties
an intanibles is as oo as the optium or esin
purpose s . Any attempt to reine a esin beyon this
near optial reion is not economically justiie
because the mathematical oel use in the optiiza
tion simply oes not escribe the real solution
space (or system) any ore accurately .
MINM AREA ETWORK - or a spec i ie s tre a sys te a
network in which the total heat transer area (A*
}
is a inimum
MINIM UTILITY STREAM SYSTEM - a s tr eam syste compose
o a ien set o process streas plus the inimu
6
QUS MNIMUM BR OF HT XCHGRS st ic t def ined
M + N Si ifi f E i th t it i th
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
132/206
as M + N 1 Sinificance of E is that it is theini nbe of heat echanes eqied to con
stct a feasibe netwok fo soce and sink stea
sets that ae inea indeendent That i s no
soce stea sbset is identical eqa in anitde to an sink stea sbset Fo sch a sste
thee st be a ini of M + N heat echanes
STRM S TM the cob inat ion of the iven oces s
steas and the chosen aonts of availabe tilitiesas iven b the sste estictions Stea sstes
can be classified into fo basic tpes deendin on
the nbe of soce and sink ocess steas
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
133/206
PPENDIX B
N NNOTTED BIBIORPHY ONHET EXNE NERS
Netok SnthesiNetok tiization
118
An extensve search o the engneerng lteratre
( nclu ng ASA publc aton s ) was concte Th s sea rch
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
134/206
( nclu ng ASA publc aton s ) was concte . Th s sea rch
showe that a relatvely sall nuer o artcles s-
css e heat exchange networks . These artcles are lste
be low n two grops
ETWORK STHESIS
1 Ke s le r M . G . an P o Parker "Optal etwors o Heat Exchange . Che Enq . Pr or Sypos iu Seres 5 o . 92 , 111-120 (199)
General scusson o network synthessus ng a o e as s gnent al gor th Thetechnqe breaks each network strea ntounts o 1 M BU an operates on thesents One exaple s gven .
2 L K F A H M F R "B h
A r ia an er ror approa for r uur inga i ru ai ng waer em Ef fe of ooin g ower o i a o in ue ne expe
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
135/206
in g ower o i a o in ue . ne expeiurae e eniue
5 Ru D F Te Snei of Syem De ign I Eeenary Deopoiion Teor A. I E .Journa No 2 { 68 ) .
A aeaia approa o yneiing anework for a ipe re a em Te ing eeape given i rgy in erm ofgeneraize mo
6 i ter A M "Hea Exanger a MoneMaker " Peroeu Refiner 2 No 8386 8 )
Ti arie iue e eonomi forone proe -pr oe exanger However een of e arie rief menion eeperaure-enapy iagra an iuraei ue wi a Tpe C rea e
120
3 Hwa, c s , "Applcaton of Mth Mols n ChERsarch, Dsgn an Proucton A. I . Ch E .
I n s Ch. Engrs 4 Ppr . 12 Lonon Mtng83 88 ( 196 )
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
136/206
I n s Ch. Engrs 4 Ppr . 12 Lonon Mtng ,83 -88 (Jun 196 )
Gnral scusson of sparl lnarprogr mng Tchnqu s ppl to onlar ge (many xchangr ntwork Howr , n suffcnt ata prohts dtal nlyssof th rsults
4 . J ns s n, s K , "Hat Exchngr Optmzton , "Chcal Engineering Proress, 6 No 9 6 6 ( 1 9 69 )
Ths artcl scusss th optzatonof prs sur rop n a ha t xchangr Ex
changr cost appars to e rltly nsnstv to pressur drop
Rud, D F an c C Watson St r ateg ofProcss
Engineering
John Wley Sons , Inc Nw York , 19 68
Wesbrk T , "Use Thi s th S iz eEach Sae fr Bes Opa tion ,
Hydrcarbon
Ptre Ri ner , 0 No. 92 0 1 2 0 6 1 9 6 1 )
2 1
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
137/206
Prc ssing & Ptre Ri ner , 0 No. 9 2 0 1 -2 0 6 1 9 6 1 ) .Genera
prrminsme eta i .he ext anddiffic
discssin f he se dynamic exampes are presen inSeera incnsistencis beween
ires akes he exampesinterpre
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
138/206
AEDIX
SUORTIG REASOIG OR EASIB SOUTIOSACE BOUDIG AGORITS
Mu Aea etosQuasu ube oHeat Exchaes
1 2 3
MINIMUM OK
F t t t th t il h t
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
139/206
For a two strea sste the est possile heat
excane "network" is a conter-crrent aranent as
so in Fie C-1 .
emp.
E n h a y
Fi e C-1 Conter -C ent Heat rans fe
he avantae of sch a stea arraneent is that eac
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
140/206
25
A
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
141/206
i n k n i n k O u t
B
Figr e C-4 i i Are a Newrk
This arrageen is he ni area newrk fr he
hree s reas
m n
26
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
142/206
Tm
ntha y
m nc
Fire C-5 A Sream Syse hich eqiresea xchaers i Ser ies
Fire 6 as shws a feasibe srea sysem
weer i hi s cas e he w sr ce sr e ams chae erhe same emper are ee Aai he sr ce sr eam
eria emperares are js 9mi abe he sik srea
The y feasibe ewrk fr sch a sysem ies he
1 2 7
Anasis of the reqireent for feasiiit shows
that a feaie tream te fa eteen these two
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
143/206
worst case . ence i t i s a wa poie to constr ct
a feaie networ with the qasi-in ner of heat
exchaner s .
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
144/206
ANDIX D
AUTOTION OF HAT XHNGENTWORK AUATIONS
9
Thi s aeni is opose o a ser ies o taes .
The TAN IV oter prors se or network cac
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
145/206
at os are ie . so se s o the ott or the
three eames presete in Chater V are ice.
The MAIN coter proram (Tae DI ) is an
eecte r or am that contr o s the network ca c at ions .The cacatios ca be iie to three basc types
) Determ i etwork bos 2 esnin or sizn
echaer s for networks an 3 Sati the effect of
temeratre a/
or r ate chanes o etworks . s te
beow ar e the fctios o f each sbrot ie .
SDATA - eas roe an str ea ata a per fors
soe nit a ca c atos sch as
3 0
MIY - Ti s sbrtin clcats fasi bi iy
ab fr a n stra sst an
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
146/206
mpr ar f appra c It n rmins
ility rqirnt an if rqs
AMIN
i incls ncssary iliis in
sra sysmTis sbrin caclas ini nwrk
ara sin cnc f rar
cnnin
CONFIG as an sins sr sc if i nwrksf a xcanrs I cntrs
r a in f nx fr sbr i ns
ATH T calcain rr fr CONFIG s in
SENS IT - Netwrk rte n temper tre senst t
c ctns re sper ise by th sb t Lik COIG t th
3
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
147/206
sbrtne Like COIG t r eq re s the
se f TH S n DIVIDE
NTC - Het echaner r tn r s m tn
cactns are ne b ths sbrtne
when t s ce b SENSIT
Tb es D- I I thr h D-XIV e the sr ce prr ams fr
ech f the be sbr tne s
Tpc prram tpt fr three eampes s pre
sente n Tabes D-X D-XVI a n D-XI I I The tpt s
r e s e f-ep antr n shws the etent t wh ch
netwrk ccatns he been tmte fr ths re
lV
h P; VRS !N 3, V E L D IE T H U Y 13t
E MAI N PAM FUR C L T I O S IM EYRK fRUT fXCiNE THE OiM S N l T RQ CAUL OD ) ! A SPI F t IN Ht RAY "Lr' T PRuRA . $l( h H O P N H E : P u A HE!t. CU NC lMu"T T fLLW ABL W L IA DeJ M u : b T S
PAGE 0
R A N , 8 L c A H ( 3 ) I 1 4 ,
'18" ; ( T b , RN E 7 N u T l d , A M I 9 " flf , t N
eN 5 A 3 l T N Y . Hh Hc 1 9 7 .
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
148/206
001
02
0 0 3O
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
149/206
0
0 0 0 1 4
5 0 1 7
c M M Y TX CMN -40 L
EAD T h AR A NA L E . I F I = NT C RTI E I 1 H I = I A M = I M N T M 4 21 = 3 I AM N C L M 3 ) f v M T M : O PR < MS 7 5 , 2 5 o 0 5 t
'
NA M o L , T E M P W T A 4 , X , X, 4 . 0l
W R E 1 F O K. A T l t i l
W R : l P M E kMA O T b t 1 o H A CHNGE NEOK CCI 1 1 l / T 5 ' R M )T A T t M E N T F A / l
R E EAM N f MAT N AN L eA T R N C E J C E T R M AM M$ 1-8
C AT / CU! *
Ub 202 TM ( M 2 - A PA T M L HA T TA E F ' M 44-b *0 C N C AT A R E R eA S N SrAM NMA N U M F O R A T A A B V E T 3 C* M N I C A A T I R A M *
* N O R A C H C E I N T R AM C OMB AT N ARE N E * E STEM AR EAM T A T Pt R NEN E t H C N I T I AL AN N AL MP EA A AL AN E A T E T E A T O *
Vc N N I N T A F tA T A A I
ww
RN l
O v 0 0
o
0 0 !
O l
0 0 3
O 4
005
0 0
0 008 2 03000
Mh DI (ontin)V E I N 3 L EV E A E t U H 0 2 N R E l l l
.AO 5 2 0 N S U R E NS RCE I I l 5 U R C N RC e, C l l O
20 u F 1 . 0 , f : X 0 F . O X ; S C RCE , - U RCE RC E ,
, 8 = C R L C E N RC 1 l i F $ o i , = i C * S U C E ! RC 1
2 S 1 C k
l 9 , = 0 N K N S I N I t : l 5 JK N I K 1 h K Al i , f U . F 5 0 1 = N S I N 4 )
AGE 0002
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
150/206
00 0
OH
0 3 4
0 5
O b
O O 7
0 0
1 5 F + F T ( -1 l1
c 1 5 5 T ( o i I , l o , 2 > A t 2 X l O F O l Xl
A l
tEIG
AA R EU I EN T S A
TRA 1 V
0 0 0 1
0002 0 0 0 4050 0 6 0 7
! 0 9 0 0
cc
ABLE D II I SUBROUNE ELTAO P V E R S I O N r V A E T h iAY 3 1 1 A s ITH IS f U N CT O SB M CLUA E E OG MA AV RAGt O FA' W P O T V U t R . E UC L TRN TE VAvE FZ F t K A 6 C S E T E R GA T E
f C . 0 - 0 0 0 O 0 A / F A J l A = d / A ( A U 0 0 0 H J F f L A
= i / A A 1 0 L A /
/
1
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
152/206
0 0
0 A 0
D HTA C R U A 6 Y T
R T R V
0 0 0
00020 0 0
000
006
O O b0 0 0 O '
B D B 4 V E R I N L E V E 3 D E M AY ,
W a U I N c AL ' T H S R T N E AD U S T S H E R E T H E S T R E H H E R G E C C H G E T H P T G S T T H I S HE A E R N T E o l f N E T M M A SS A T E I S U " P C I I E D o I T S A L U T E D
; A H A T AAN N S E M . w T E . H H M N N - u s c . H E M NG D P . - 1 7 0
K uE O t 8 , N 0 8l NSC E NK t , Sl L A
T S E M E U S T F\ 1H&h : O
O = NSRE ) . O . O \U l o ( l t . H U T D S i
G E 0 0 0
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
153/206
0 0 1 00
L 0 0 0 0 0 50
0 0 7
001 8 0 9
00< 0.doo, 0 0
004O i ! 2
oo 0 0 O J 0 0 3
O O
OvO 0
0 0 3
Q O j oOO0 "
S i , 0 N U E
, N ! F S l t l , . O . O G T N L T H 1 A S I ,
U E
1 6 I I
d7
I l
A MT T S RAM ATE ETH CHNGE S EE RE L AS TA HA HAGE R UE R SI S T R E M S
1 F T . T 0H C H S G , E H N K
= s +S U B I G F d 1 E I I G , / RC E ! l G 6 * S C E I Ux
C , = - S CE l / URCE I G 7 t f
0 H S I N K I I G I B I , x E I N
H S I i I N l T
d , N I N G , S , E
B r N l l / K l I G o 7 EN
R E E U I < S 0 0 d 0 Y T E
w
TA V
0 0 0
000 0 0
00O O O O b
TL DV SUBUINE NGDEL 9 S S N L E D AT E T Y E 000
c T E A u i T E A , T I , T , S T M T M C T H I S U B T INE C L CU L AT e EXT E T THE CE N STREA TPET kAN R USIEAT N A T E A T I T h EC K . A ET TJ T T R A U N T N T ! N .C T N B MN U . H N G t T - T A N T A I N T NC T Ht M T T H T MP RT R RA NGEC - L < L T T H T M P E T AN A Y w l T T A M N H E RA E M N T T H \ M N C T T Tr N F T M N H ARR T
N T O M 0 8
\L R T GHT TM TP AA A F T N . O v l u 20 1 0 I 1 T 1 0 = ,
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
154/206
O O b0 0
0 0 0 8000
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1 2o
0 0 1
O O o0 0 1 0 0 80 1 90 0 0
0 2 00 OOd0 0 2 4
0 0 2 5002 60 0 7
0 2 80 0 2 9
0 0 00 0 3 10 0 0 0 3
000 3 5OO
1 0 , 0 I T K T l f L T R ( l
C CHE F T ANE S NE I N F N S M A L E T 20 =
M LR T f L A L I T f EW ANGE
n L w T f NW RANE A CE I S N T E S A L E E
c 0 N T F T i R A I E S T R A , 5 . A . T I EQ . T
. . R l GU T 3 0
+
TL = T R AM , 4 0 CM E F O l 5T
F F I T E E X E N T 5 f = o o
0 NS T 4 =
0 ) T . T L AN . EA L T T l l T L R EAM i C H A
8/11/2019 (Feasibility Table)PHD Thesis Hohmann Done
155/206
0 0 w P N AM , J I O O ; f UR T H 1 0 , l L U Y A N D E A I T Y T A E FUR lA4/
' M M i'K A F A U A I N A E ' f . . /
O O l , O b A n ' , o ' R E A ' t , S I N K T E A S '
O O 0 5
0
1 190 0 20 0 2
O