FDS_Measurements and Results of Moisture Estimation of Asphalt Mica Insulation Winding

8/8/2019 FDS_Measurements and Results of Moisture Estimation of Asphalt Mica Insulation Winding

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FDS measurement on insulation samples

Preparation of samples

A full winding from Wimalasurendra power station was chosen for the preparation of the samples.

Three kinds of samples were made where; same amount of insulation was maintained in each type

of samples. They were categorized as type A, type B and type C. The type A sample was a sliced in 5

cm in width of insulation without bare conductors on both sides. Type B was also alike to type A but

in addition to the insulation material for about 5 cm, copper conductors were left in one side for

about 4 cm. Type C was also exactly alike type B in dimensions, but the ground-wall insulation was

separated from the turn insulation and conductors. The separation of ground-wall insulation was

performed by making a cut on top of the insulation and finally, separated insulation and conductors

were tightly fastened together to form a same look as type B. Five samples per type was made and

numbered with the prefix of type (Eg: A1, A2,B1,B2,C1,C2). Measuring circuit was created using

an Aluminum foil to the samples type B with guardian for FDS measurement.

Figure 01: a) Sample type A, b) Sample type B, and c) Sample type C

T t d

a b c


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T t d

made for the protection purposes of the high voltage and low voltage cables of the FDS measuring

equipment. All the FDS tests during the drying process were taken at 70 C, that means the insulation

was kept in that temperature.

After fully dried condition reached, wetting process was started for the same samples. The oven was

switched off and the samples were taken out and placed on a flat insulation surface. The

temperature of the insulation samples was come down to the room temperature after about 2 hour

duration. The relative humidity level of the surroundings was 75 % during the wetting process and

the ambient temperature was 28 C. The weight measurements and FDS tests were performed

during the wetting process from the 2nd hour and continued. After some period of time, the weights

of the insulation samples during the wetting process remained the same. Further measurements

were stopped during the wetting process. The above mentioned state was due to the slowed

moisture absorption process due to the insulation surface near to the environment become

saturated and further moisture ingress was expected through diffusion with longer period of time.

Apart from the measurements on samples, FDS test was also carried out on full winding as well.

Initially the full-winding was considered to be in fully naturally wetted and the FDS test was

performed in room temperature 28 C and relative humidity 75 %. Full winding was also dried with a

large oven and then again FDS test was performed at 70 C.

Weight measurements were taken as shown in figure 2:a, and FDS measurements were taken as in

the figure 2:b, where samples were kept inside the oven to maintain 70 C. Due to the time

limitations, frequency duration was taken from 1kHz to 1mHz to the FDS test.


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Table 01: Tabulation of the measured insulation weight change with time during the wetting process

Duration / hr Weights of the samples / g

Drying Wetting S1 S2 S3 S4 S5

0 33.99 33.46 34.56 34.45 37.62

1 33.86 33.35 34.44 34.32 37.5

2 33.79 33.25 34.35 34.24 37.11

3 33.77 33.23 34.32 34.21 37.08

4 33.74 33.2 34.3 34.18 37.05

22 33.67 33.04 34.21 34.1 36.97

28 33.67 33.15 34.22 34.12 36.97

45 33.54 33.01 34.07 33.99 36.81

50 33.53 33 34.07 33.98 36.81

69 33.51 32.97 34.06 33.95 36.79

164 33.43 32.91 33.99 33.88 36.74

187 33 43 32 91 33 97 33 87 36 73


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Interpretation of data

From Table 01, consider sample S2.

Calculations during drying process

Total weight of the exact insulation = sum of the insulation weights at 233rd

hr

= 33.42 + 32.9 + 33.96 +33.87 +36.72 g

= 170.87 g

Moisture weight at 28th

hour = (33.15 32.9) g

= 0.25 g

Similarly Moisture weight at 28th

hour S1 = 0.25 g


hour S3 = 0.26 g


hour S4 = 0.25 g


hour S5 = 0.25 g

Maximum moisture weight at 28th hour S1 = 0.26 g

Minimum moisture weight at 28th hour S5 = 0.25 g

Average moisture weights at 28th

hour = (0.25 + 0.25 + 0.26 + 0.25 + 0.25) / 5 g

0 252


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Table 02: Calculated moisture weights are tabulated with drying and wetting time

Duration /hr Moisture weights /g Moisture weights /gAver / %

Drying WettingS1 S2 S3 S4 S5 Max Min Aver

0 0.57 0.55 0.6 0.58 0.9 0.9 0.55 0.64 1.872

1 0.44 0.44 0.48 0.45 0.78 0.78 0.44 0.518 1.516

2 0.37 0.34 0.39 0.37 0.39 0.39 0.34 0.372 1.088

3 0.35 0.32 0.36 0.34 0.36 0.36 0.32 0.346 1.012

4 0.32 0.29 0.34 0.31 0.33 0.34 0.29 0.318 0.93

22 0.25 0.13 0.25 0.23 0.25 0.25 0.13 0.222 0.65

28 0.25 0.25 0.26 0.25 0.25 0.26 0.25 0.252 0.737

45 0.12 0.1 0.11 0.12 0.09 0.12 0.09 0.108 0.316

50 0.11 0.09 0.11 0.11 0.09 0.11 0.09 0.102 0.298

69 0 09 0 06 0 1 0 08 0 07 0 1 0 06 0 08 0 234


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In the figure 03:a, moisture weights are plotted with drying time. The average moisture percentage

during the drying process is plotted with drying time in the figure 03:b.

a.


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The variation of the moisture weights with drying time which is shown in the figure 03: a, points out

distinctive characteristics of the moisture removal from the asphalt mica insulation. The maximum

moisture weight that is shown in the figure 03:a from 0 to 22 hours, is obtained for the insulation

sample which has more insulation content than others. During the drying time from 28 to 233 hours,

moisture weights which are obtained from the weight measurements, are independent of the

amount of insulation and nearly equates with the average moisture weights. In the initial part of the

drying process at 70 C, the insulation surface that is exposed from the cutting plane has an effective

impact on the moisture removal than the semiconductive area. In the latter part of the drying

process, the moisture removal can be considered to be evenly distributed throughout the whole

surface at temperature 110 C.

Moreover, the figure 03:b shows the improvement rate of the insulation from moisture changes

with drying temperature and drying time. The curve which is obtained in figure 03:b can be

segmented in to two components such as from 0 to 22 hr and 28 to 233 hr respectively. The first

segment (0 to 22 hr) shows a rapid rate of moisture removal than in the other segment in 70 C. In

the second segment with 110 C as the drying temperature, rate of moisture removal has increased

with drying time and finally, reaches the zero percentage in decaying rate. The above interpretation

of the drying process confirms the complete removal of moisture from the insulation with adequate

time duration.

For the FDS tests, particular time values are taken during the drying time. The corresponding

moisture content of the samples at 1 hr, 2 hr, 3 hr, 28 hr and 168 hr are taken to analysis the FDS

test results at 70 C along the drying time. The chosen values of time duration, represents each

t f th d i hi h i ti d i th b h Th h th FDS t t i


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Table 03:a Capacitance (C) from FDS test results for different moisture percentages at 70 C

Frequency Capacitance / nF

/ Hz 1.516% 1.088% 1.012% 0.737% 0.041% 0.000%

0.001 2.0388 0.5395 0.4753 0.3251 0.2965 0.25640.002154 2.3583 0.5808 0.5222 0.2668 0.2477 0.2065

0.004642 2.0654 0.3076 0.2762 0.1517 0.1242 0.1019

0.01 0.5023 0.2459 0.2039 0.1178 0.0818 0.0664

0.021544 0.4338 0.2391 0.1508 0.0914 0.0692 0.0622

0.046416 0.3416 0.1969 0.122 0.0949 0.0661 0.0605

0.1 0.2781 0.1508 0.1023 0.0804 0.0644 0.0565

0.21544 0.203 0.1233 0.0794 0.0686 0.056 0.0512

0.46417 0.1587 0.092 0.0714 0.0639 0.0532 0.0473

1 0.1376 0.085 0.0665 0.0596 0.0509 0.0476

2.1546 0.1113 0.075 0.0617 0.056 0.049 0.0454

4.6417 0.096 0.0683 0.0562 0.0516 0.0448 0.0412

10 0.0835 0.0597 0.0509 0.0468 0.0421 0.0376

20 0.0745 0.0552 0.0465 0.0428 0.0366 0.0336

40 0.0687 0.054 0.0431 0.0385 0.0336 0.0299

60.15 0.0661 0.051 0.0415 0.0368 0.032 0.0294

100 0.0627 0.047 0.0395 0.0351 0.0307 0.0288

222.22 0.0576 0.0446 0.0363 0.0333 0.0292 0.027

470.59 0.0533 0.0425 0.0356 0.0327 0.0278 0.0261

1000 0.0499 0.0414 0.0353 0.0324 0.027 0.0256


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Figure 04: a Variation of capacitance (C) with frequency for various moisture percentages at 70 C


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Table 03:b Loss capacitance ( C ) from FDS test results for different moisture percentages at 70 C

Frequency Loss capacitance / F

/ Hz 1.516% 1.088% 1.012% 0.737% 0.041% 0.000%

0.001 5.11E-09 2.61E-09 1.02E-09 7.49E-10 4.08E-10 3.16E-100.002154 5.15E-09 1.84E-09 7.13E-10 5.55E-10 3.81E-10 2.69E-10

0.004642 2.30E-09 1.50E-09 3.01E-10 2.11E-10 1.84E-10 1.34E-10

0.01 7.00E-10 4.79E-10 1.50E-10 1.03E-10 6.94E-11 2.69E-11

0.021544 6.45E-10 2.17E-10 9.61E-11 4.90E-11 3.67E-11 1.96E-11

0.046416 4.89E-10 1.34E-10 7.29E-11 3.66E-11 2.21E-11 1.11E-11

0.1 2.68E-10 1.13E-10 5.17E-11 2.44E-11 1.37E-11 7.41E-12

0.21544 1.71E-10 7.69E-11 3.22E-11 1.67E-11 8.29E-12 6.57E-12

0.46417 1.11E-10 5.52E-11 2.31E-11 1.29E-11 6.53E-12 5.15E-12

1 8.07E-11 3.71E-11 1.95E-11 1.07E-11 5.20E-12 3.84E-12

2.1546 5.25E-11 3.06E-11 1.44E-11 8.53E-12 4.05E-12 2.93E-12

4.6417 3.73E-11 2.45E-11 1.05E-11 6.99E-12 3.15E-12 2.33E-12

10 2.61E-11 1.84E-11 7.94E-12 4.68E-12 2.55E-12 1.77E-12

20 1.97E-11 1.36E-11 6.06E-12 3.72E-12 1.92E-12 1.48E-12

40 1.56E-11 1.08E-11 4.61E-12 2.88E-12 1.56E-12 1.28E-12

60.15 1.39E-11 9.04E-12 3.98E-12 2.45E-12 1.39E-12 1.18E-12

100 1.20E-11 7.76E-12 3.28E-12 2.04E-12 1.22E-12 9.82E-13

222.22 9.19E-12 6.32E-12 2.40E-12 1.51E-12 9.35E-13 7.74E-13

470.59 7.23E-12 4.83E-12 1.91E-12 1.17E-12 7.46E-13 6.11E-13

1000 5.53E-12 3.79E-12 1.53E-12 9.12E-13 5.13E-13 4.32E-13


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Figure 04:b Variation of loss capacitance (C) with frequency for different moisture percentages at 70 C


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Table 03:c Dielectric dissipation factor (tan ) from FDS test for different moisture percentages at 70 C

Frequency Dielectric dissipation factor (tan )

/ Hz 1.516% 1.088% 1.012% 0.737% 0.041% 0.000%

0.001 2.5056 4.8378 2.1528 2.3041 1.3772 1.23310.002154 2.1836 3.4041 1.3652 2.0786 1.5382 1.3002

0.004642 1.1132 2.5825 1.0883 1.3882 1.4793 1.3152

0.01 1.3935 1.556 0.7338 0.873 0.8484 0.4056

0.021544 1.4861 0.8826 0.6375 0.5358 0.5308 0.3151

0.046416 1.4325 0.5604 0.5976 0.3858 0.3341 0.1835

0.1 0.9623 0.5724 0.5051 0.3042 0.2131 0.1312

0.21544 0.8446 0.5103 0.4048 0.2442 0.148 0.1283

0.46417 0.7009 0.4476 0.3231 0.202 0.1226 0.1089

1 0.5866 0.4032 0.2938 0.1792 0.1022 0.0805

2.1546 0.4722 0.3596 0.2337 0.1522 0.0826 0.0645

4.6417 0.3886 0.3265 0.1862 0.1354 0.0703 0.0565

10 0.3124 0.2694 0.1559 0.1 0.0605 0.0472

20 0.2647 0.2274 0.1306 0.0869 0.0524 0.0441

40 0.2271 0.1951 0.1071 0.075 0.0465 0.0427

60.15 0.2106 0.1674 0.0959 0.0667 0.0434 0.0399

100 0.192 0.1521 0.0831 0.0582 0.0398 0.0341

222.22 0.1596 0.1345 0.066 0.0454 0.032 0.0286

470.59 0.1356 0.1083 0.0538 0.036 0.0268 0.0234

1000 0.1107 0.0891 0.0433 0.0281 0.019 0.0169


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Figure 04: c Variation of dielectric dissipation factor (tan ) with frequency for different moisture percentages at 70 C


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The variation of moisture weights with the absorption time during the wetting process is plotted in

the figure 05:a. The moisture absorption pattern shows two different shapes of variation from 0hr to

100hr and from 100hr to 350hr. Very higher rate of moisture absorption during 0th

hour to 100th

hour is observed than during 100th

hour to 350th

hour. The following justification can be put forward

for that behavior of the insulation. The absorption of moisture in the initial phase of the wetting

process are so high than in the other phases of absorption. The open surface of the cutting plane of

the insulation material has increased the moisture absorption and with the time the absorption rate

has slowed come down. The humidity level and the room temperature has driven the following

pattern to the moisture absorption.

From 100th

to 350th

hours , absorption has similar pattern as in the 0th

to 100th

hour but a slight jump

has observed that is mainly due to the change of environment which has 80 % of humidity and

temperature as 28 C. Further absorption cannot be detected after 350th

hour of wetting process,

therefore, measurements has stopped. The no measureable absorption after 350th

horus is, not

because of naturally fully wetted state. The outer surface of the insulation has undergone to

sufficient moisture ingress and further ingress will be occurred due to the moisture diffusion which

requires more time.

The FDS tests were also done during the wetting process as in the drying process. For the analysis of

the data of FDS test, specific duration are taken such as 2hr, 30hr, 102hr and 200hr. The table 04: a-c

contains the capacitance (C), loss capacitance (C) and dielectric dissipation factor (tan ) with

frequency for various moisture percentages at 28 C respectively. The figures 05: a-c shows the

characteristic variation of the capacitance (C), loss capacitance (C) and dielectric dissipation factor

(tan ) of the asphalt mica insulation during the wetting process.


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a.


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Table 04:a Capacitance ( C ) from FDS test results for different moisture percentages at 28 C

Frequency Capacitance / nF

/ Hz 0.187% 0.474% 0.702% 0.878% 1.872%

0.001 0.1626 0.2535 0.3917 0.4745 0.6026

0.002154 0.1159 0.1717 0.227 0.2793 0.3936

0.004642 0.0774 0.1315 0.1652 0.2042 0.2884

0.01 0.0659 0.1052 0.1245 0.1607 0.227

0.021544 0.0567 0.0871 0.103 0.14 0.1714

0.046416 0.0536 0.0704 0.0895 0.1197 0.139

0.1 0.0504 0.0622 0.0825 0.1045 0.1217

0.21544 0.0484 0.0607 0.0736 0.091 0.1011

0.46417 0.0477 0.0572 0.0682 0.0832 0.0893

1 0.0466 0.0543 0.064 0.0769 0.082

2.1546 0.0458 0.052 0.0599 0.0716 0.0759

4.6417 0.0452 0.0503 0.0572 0.067 0.0721

10 0.0443 0.049 0.0547 0.0628 0.0679

20 0.0432 0.048 0.0529 0.0617 0.0653

40 0.0426 0.0473 0.0516 0.0604 0.0641

60.15 0.0425 0.047 0.0508 0.06 0.0632

100 0.0426 0.0464 0.0499 0.0598 0.0619

222.22 0.0423 0.0458 0.049 0.0584 0.06

470.59 0.0419 0.0455 0.0483 0.057 0.0589

1000 0.0417 0.045 0.0478 0.0557 0.0596


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Figure 06:a Variation of capacitance (C) with frequency for different moisture percentages at 28 C


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Table 04:b Loss capacitance ( C) from FDS test results for different moisture percentages at 28 C

Frequency Loss capacitance / F

/ Hz 0.187% 0.474% 0.702% 0.878% 1.872%

0.001 2.30E-10 4.79E-10 1.58E-09 1.82E-09 5.41E-08

0.002154 1.82E-10 3.33E-10 7.17E-10 9.32E-10 2.44E-08

0.004642 1.08E-10 1.60E-10 3.16E-10 5.95E-10 1.13E-08

0.01 7.41E-11 1.05E-10 1.51E-10 3.20E-10 5.30E-09

0.021544 4.24E-11 5.80E-11 8.51E-11 1.63E-10 2.28E-09

0.046416 9.48E-12 4.03E-11 5.12E-11 5.87E-11 1.03E-09

0.1 3.67E-12 2.49E-11 3.06E-11 5.22E-11 4.73E-10

0.21544 2.58E-12 1.51E-11 1.75E-11 3.76E-11 2.31E-10

0.46417 2.51E-12 1.01E-11 1.30E-11 2.29E-11 1.18E-10

1 2.01E-12 6.89E-12 9.66E-12 1.69E-11 6.38E-11

2.1546 1.65E-12 4.94E-12 7.36E-12 1.22E-11 3.66E-11

4.6417 1.42E-12 3.60E-12 5.63E-12 9.16E-12 2.34E-11

10 1.09E-12 2.74E-12 4.20E-12 6.79E-12 1.64E-11

20 8.39E-13 2.08E-12 3.31E-12 5.39E-12 1.21E-11

40 7.06E-13 1.65E-12 2.70E-12 4.45E-12 9.59E-12

60.15 6.50E-13 1.46E-12 2.42E-12 4.06E-12 8.82E-12

100 5.99E-13 1.23E-12 2.13E-12 3.59E-12 8.01E-12

222.22 4.07E-13 8.41E-13 1.63E-12 3.06E-12 6.17E-12

470.59 2.90E-13 5.12E-13 1.22E-12 2.58E-12 3.93E-12

1000 1.55E-13 2.57E-13 7.33E-13 2.14E-12 3.21E-12


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Figure 06:b Variation of loss capacitance (C) with frequency for different moisture percentages at 28 C


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Table 04:c Dielectric dissipation factor (tan ) from FDS test for different moisture percentages at 28 C

Frequency Dielectric dissipation factor ( tan )

/ Hz 0.187% 0.474% 0.702% 0.878% 1.872%

0.001 1.4142 1.888 4.0458 3.833 89.766014

0.002154 1.5741 1.9382 3.1575 3.3383 61.938516

0.004642 1.3996 1.2165 1.9145 2.9139 39.247573

0.01 1.1246 0.9962 1.2157 1.9915 23.348899

0.021544 0.7485 0.6656 0.8267 1.1619 13.329638

0.046416 0.1769 0.5724 0.5716 0.4908 7.4438849

0.1 0.0729 0.4006 0.3712 0.4997 3.8885785

0.21544 0.0532 0.2482 0.2374 0.4137 2.2890208

0.46417 0.0526 0.1761 0.1907 0.2758 1.3244121

1 0.043 0.127 0.1511 0.2198 0.778378

2.1546 0.0359 0.0949 0.1228 0.1704 0.4826877

4.6417 0.0314 0.0717 0.0983 0.1368 0.324466

10 0.0246 0.0559 0.0769 0.108 0.2410162

20 0.0194 0.0433 0.0626 0.0874 0.1847933

40 0.0166 0.0349 0.0523 0.0737 0.1496802

60.15 0.0153 0.0309 0.0476 0.0677 0.1395823

100 0.0141 0.0265 0.0427 0.06 0.1293554

222.22 0.0096 0.0184 0.0333 0.0524 0.1028533

470.59 0.0069 0.0113 0.0253 0.0453 0.0667725

1000 0.0037 0.0057 0.0153 0.0385 0.0538423


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Figure 06:c Variation of dielectric dissipation factor (tan) with frequency for different moisture percentages at 28 C


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Calculation of geometric capacitance

Figure.7 Cross Section of the Winding from Wimalasurendra Power Station

The dimensions of the stator bar is measured and the following details are extracted. Two different

breadth values are observed to the individual conductors while the addition of breadths is same

from the top to bottom of the insulation.

Dimensions:

No of conductors: 12 per turn (4 turns)

Cross section of the conductor type 1 = 0.2 x 0.70 cm2

Cross section of the conductor type 2 = 0.2 x 0.6 cm2

Cross section of the semiconductive coated section = 2.1 x 7.0 cm2

Cross section of the one turn = 2.0 x 1.6 cm2


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a.

Aluminium foil wrapping

Insulation (mica, glass

and asphalt resin)

Less electric field

active region

Highly active electric

field region

Conductors

Field lines

E

Semiconductive coating


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In the figure 08:c, mainly two rectangular shape insulation portions such as ground-wall and turn are

considered as the dominant contributors to the geometric capacitance while the strand insulation

which has very small thickness can be skipped from including in to the consideration.

In both ground-wall and turn insulations, the thickness is assumed to be same in all sides among

them(same number of wrapping with mica and glass tape) and electric field intensity(E) is consider

to be the same.

Applying Gauss law across the surface 1 in figure 08:c for geometric capacitance,

E x A =1/o qwhere E- electric field, A effective Gauss surface and q charge density included in to the Gauss

surface.


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From the calculated Co the relative permittivity is calculated and the figure 09:a shows the relative

permittivity () variation with frequency for different moisture percentages and the results whichare obtained for full winding. In the figure 09:b, dielectric dissipation factor(tan ) variation of the

full winding is include in to the samples results. From the figures 09:a and 09:b, the moisture

content of the full winding could be estimated for the measurement temperature 70 c.

In the figure 10:a, the relative permittivity is plotted for the measurement temperature 28 C with

the relative permittivity of the full winding. In the figure 10:b, dielectric dissipation factor is plotted

with various moisture percentages for samples and full winding. From the figures 10:a and 10:b, the

moisture percentage of the full winding could be estimated for the measurement temperature 28 C.


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Table 05:a Tabulation of relative permittivity at 70 C

Frequency Relative permittivity () Full wdg

/ Hz 0.015 0.011 0.010 0.007 0.000 0.000

0.001 225.906 59.778 52.665 36.022 32.853 28.410 173.540

0.002 261.307 64.355 57.861 29.562 27.446 22.881 128.213

0.005 228.853 34.083 30.604 16.809 13.762 11.291 92.105

0.010 55.657 27.247 22.593 13.053 9.064 7.357 64.152

0.022 48.066 26.493 16.709 10.127 7.668 6.892 47.972

0.046 37.850 21.817 13.518 10.515 7.324 6.704 35.837

0.100 30.814 16.709 11.335 8.909 7.136 6.260 27.055

0.215 22.493 13.662 8.798 7.601 6.205 5.673 20.801

0.464 17.584 10.194 7.911 7.080 5.895 5.241 16.565

1.000 15.247 9.418 7.368 6.604 5.640 5.274 13.661

2.155 12.332 8.310 6.837 6.205 5.429 5.030 11.707

4.642 10.637 7.568 6.227 5.717 4.964 4.565 10.335

10.000 9.252 6.615 5.640 5.186 4.665 4.166 9.332

20.000 8.255 6.116 5.152 4.742 4.055 3.723 8.653

40.000 7.612 5.983 4.776 4.266 3.723 3.313 8.112

60.150 7.324 5.651 4.598 4.078 3.546 3.258 7.858

100.000 6.947 5.208 4.377 3.889 3.402 3.191 7.590

222.220 6.382 4.942 4.022 3.690 3.235 2.992 7.249

470.590 5.906 4.709 3.945 3.623 3.080 2.892 6.997

1000.000 5.529 4.587 3.911 3.590 2.992 2.837 6.789


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Figure 09:a Variation of relative permittivity() with different moisture percentages and full winding at 70 C


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Table 05:b Tabulation of dielectric dissipation factor (tan ) at 70 C

Frequency Dielectric dissipation factor (tan ) Full wdg

/ Hz 1.516% 1.088% 1.012% 0.737% 0.041% 0.000%0.001 2.5056 4.8378 2.1528 2.3041 1.3772 1.2331 1.6411

0.002154 2.1836 3.4041 1.3652 2.0786 1.5382 1.3002 1.2367

0.004642 1.1132 2.5825 1.0883 1.3882 1.4793 1.3152 1.0664

0.01 1.3935 1.556 0.7338 0.873 0.8484 0.4056 0.89051

0.021544 1.4861 0.8826 0.6375 0.5358 0.5308 0.3151 0.8349

0.046416 1.4325 0.5604 0.5976 0.3858 0.3341 0.1835 0.77556

0.1 0.9623 0.5724 0.5051 0.3042 0.2131 0.1312 0.70634

0.21544 0.8446 0.5103 0.4048 0.2442 0.148 0.1283 0.63112

0.46417 0.7009 0.4476 0.3231 0.202 0.1226 0.1089 0.54255

1 0.5866 0.4032 0.2938 0.1792 0.1022 0.0805 0.45028

2.1546 0.4722 0.3596 0.2337 0.1522 0.0826 0.0645 0.36212

4.6417 0.3886 0.3265 0.1862 0.1354 0.0703 0.0565 0.28785

10 0.3124 0.2694 0.1559 0.1 0.0605 0.0472 0.22864

20 0.2647 0.2274 0.1306 0.0869 0.0524 0.0441 0.186

40 0.2271 0.1951 0.1071 0.075 0.0465 0.0427 0.15191

60.15 0.2106 0.1674 0.0959 0.0667 0.0434 0.0399 0.13511

100 0.192 0.1521 0.0831 0.0582 0.0398 0.0341 0.11756

222.22 0.1596 0.1345 0.066 0.0454 0.032 0.0286 0.097769

470.59 0.1356 0.1083 0.0538 0.036 0.0268 0.0234 0.086906

1000 0.1107 0.0891 0.0433 0.0281 0.019 0.0169 0.085659


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Figure 09:b Variation of relative dielectric dissipation factor (tan ) with different moisture percentages and full winding at 70 C


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Table 06:a Tabulation of relative permittivity () at 28 C

Frequency Relative permittivity () Full wdg

/ Hz 0.187% 0.474% 0.702% 0.878% 1.872%0.001 18.01662 28.088643 43.401662 52.57617729 66.7700831 33.2950

0.002154 12.842105 19.024931 25.152355 30.94736842 43.61218837 31.5983

0.004642 8.5761773 14.570637 18.304709 22.62603878 31.95567867 28.3698

0.01 7.3019391 11.65651 13.795014 17.80609418 25.15235457 25.0942

0.021544 6.2825485 9.6509695 11.412742 15.51246537 18.99168975 22.0928

0.046416 5.9390582 7.800554 9.9168975 13.26315789 15.40166205 18.8199

0.1 5.5844875 6.8919668 9.1412742 11.57894737 13.48476454 17.1163

0.21544 5.3628809 6.7257618 8.1551247 10.08310249 11.20221607 14.4584

0.46417 5.2853186 6.3379501 7.5567867 9.218836565 9.894736842 12.2907

1 5.1634349 6.0166205 7.0914127 8.520775623 9.085872576 10.4780

2.1546 5.0747922 5.7617729 6.6371191 7.933518006 8.409972299 9.0481

4.6417 5.0083102 5.5734072 6.3379501 7.423822715 7.988919668 7.9806

10 4.9085873 5.4293629 6.0609418 6.958448753 7.523545706 7.2140

20 4.7867036 5.3185596 5.8614958 6.836565097 7.235457064 6.6961

40 4.7202216 5.2409972 5.7174515 6.692520776 7.102493075 6.2852

60.15 4.7091413 5.2077562 5.6288089 6.648199446 7.002770083 6.0756

100 4.7202216 5.1412742 5.5290859 6.626038781 6.858725762 5.8442

222.22 4.6869806 5.0747922 5.4293629 6.470914127 6.648199446 5.5392

470.59 4.6426593 5.0415512 5.3518006 6.315789474 6.526315789 5.3122

1000 4.6204986 4.9861496 5.2963989 6.171745152 6.603878116 5.1278


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Figure 10:a Variation of relative permittivity() with different moisture percentages and full winding at 28 C


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Table 06:b Tabulation of dielectric dissipation factor (tan ) at 28 C

Frequency Dielectric dissipation factor ( tan ) Full wdg

/ Hz 0.187% 0.474% 0.702% 0.878% 1.872%

0.001 1.4142 1.888 4.0458 3.833 89.766014 3.30E+01

0.002154 1.5741 1.9382 3.1575 3.3383 61.938516 2.11E+01

0.004642 1.3996 1.2165 1.9145 2.9139 39.247573 1.09E+01

0.01 1.1246 0.9962 1.2157 1.9915 23.348899 5.84E+00

0.021544 0.7485 0.6656 0.8267 1.1619 13.329638 3.22E+00

0.046416 0.1769 0.5724 0.5716 0.4908 7.4438849 1.88E+00

0.1 0.0729 0.4006 0.3712 0.4997 3.8885785 1.11E+000.21544 0.0532 0.2482 0.2374 0.4137 2.2890208 7.60E-01

0.46417 0.0526 0.1761 0.1907 0.2758 1.3244121 5.65E-01

1 0.043 0.127 0.1511 0.2198 0.778378 4.48E-01

2.1546 0.0359 0.0949 0.1228 0.1704 0.4826877 3.62E-01

4.6417 0.0314 0.0717 0.0983 0.1368 0.324466 2.90E-01

10 0.0246 0.0559 0.0769 0.108 0.2410162 2.30E-01

20 0.0194 0.0433 0.0626 0.0874 0.1847933 1.88E-01

40 0.0166 0.0349 0.0523 0.0737 0.1496802 1.58E-01

60.15 0.0153 0.0309 0.0476 0.0677 0.1395823 1.44E-01

100 0.0141 0.0265 0.0427 0.06 0.1293554 1.28E-01

222.22 0.0096 0.0184 0.0333 0.0524 0.1028533 1.09E-01

470.59 0.0069 0.0113 0.0253 0.0453 0.0667725 9.58E-02


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Figure 10:b Variation of relative dielectric dissipation factor (tan ) with different moisture percentages and full winding at 28C

Documents

FDS_Measurements and Results of Moisture Estimation of Asphalt Mica Insulation Winding