Methodology for measuring the Methodology for measuring the Index of Responsibility, Index of Responsibility,

Transparency and Transparency and Accountability (RTA) at local Accountability (RTA) at local

levellevel

Fatmir MusaFatmir Musa

Project Manager Project Manager

UNDP Project “Fighting Corruption to UNDP Project “Fighting Corruption to Improve Governance” Improve Governance”

Characteristics of methodology Characteristics of methodology

The methodology is developed with specifics The methodology is developed with specifics which should be accepted from different which should be accepted from different interested bodies/institutions.interested bodies/institutions. In order to be In order to be acceptable the methodology was designed to beacceptable the methodology was designed to be::

• Clear (Clear (understandable for the interested understandable for the interested bodies/institutions interested to implement it)bodies/institutions interested to implement it)

• Simple Simple for implementation (aiming to be user friendly for implementation (aiming to be user friendly for implementation from different subjects)for implementation from different subjects)

• Impartial Impartial (objective reflection of the situation avoiding (objective reflection of the situation avoiding biasness or inclusion of personal opinion)biasness or inclusion of personal opinion)

Relation of the methodology with other anti-Relation of the methodology with other anti-corruption instruments corruption instruments

From methodological point of view, the methodology is a From methodological point of view, the methodology is a combination of:combination of:

• Indicator Based Governance Assessment (assessment of the Indicator Based Governance Assessment (assessment of the risk of appearance of corruption based on risk of appearance of corruption based on CONTACTCONTACT UNDP UNDP tool)tool) and and

• Corruption Risk Assessment (assessment of resistance to Corruption Risk Assessment (assessment of resistance to corruption)corruption) (based on National Integrity System (based on National Integrity System Transparency Transparency International tool)International tool)

Quantified in this methodology and upgraded with Quantified in this methodology and upgraded with methodological value – quantification of the received data in the methodological value – quantification of the received data in the level to get a indicator with concrete numbers for the level of:level to get a indicator with concrete numbers for the level of:

• Vulnerability to corruption and Vulnerability to corruption and • Capacity of resistance to corruption from local self-Capacity of resistance to corruption from local self-

government government

Methodology for measuring the Methodology for measuring the Index of RTA at local level Index of RTA at local level

The methodology covers three areas:The methodology covers three areas:

- Public procurementsPublic procurements

- Urban PlanningUrban Planning

- Financial management and propertyFinancial management and property

Description of the methodology for Description of the methodology for measuring the Index of RTA at local levelmeasuring the Index of RTA at local level

The methodology, in principle is The methodology, in principle is assessment of capability (capacities) of assessment of capability (capacities) of institutions to resist to the permanent institutions to resist to the permanent pressure of corruption, through defining pressure of corruption, through defining anti-corruption mechanisms and anti-corruption mechanisms and quantification of their potentialquantification of their potential. .

According the above, the Index of RTA According the above, the Index of RTA does not measure the level of corruption, does not measure the level of corruption, it measures the level of susceptibility or it measures the level of susceptibility or resistance to corruption at local levelresistance to corruption at local level..

Description of the methodology for Description of the methodology for measuring the Index of RTA at local levelmeasuring the Index of RTA at local level

The approach in designing the The approach in designing the methodology is as followsmethodology is as follows::

• Defining corruption hot-spotsDefining corruption hot-spots

• Defining anti-corruption mechanisms versus Defining anti-corruption mechanisms versus corruption hot-spotscorruption hot-spots

• Defining indicators for the anti-corruption Defining indicators for the anti-corruption mechanismsmechanisms

• Quantification of the indicators Quantification of the indicators

• Setting up the Index of RTA Setting up the Index of RTA

Description of the methodology for Description of the methodology for measuring the Index of RTA at local levelmeasuring the Index of RTA at local level

For illustration and easier understanding of the methodology, here For illustration and easier understanding of the methodology, here is an example from the area of public procurementsis an example from the area of public procurements::

• Hot spot Hot spot in the competences of the municipalities isin the competences of the municipalities is publicity in announcing procurementspublicity in announcing procurements

• Anti-corruption mechanism Anti-corruption mechanism isis public announcementpublic announcement of the procurement in media, the official gazette and web-of the procurement in media, the official gazette and web-sites of Bureaus for public procurementssites of Bureaus for public procurements

• Defining of Defining of indicatorsindicators which implies to the publicity of the which implies to the publicity of the

procurement areprocurement are::

Percentage of the number of the procurement which are Percentage of the number of the procurement which are announced publicly from the total number of announced publicly from the total number of procurements done through tendersprocurements done through tenders

Percentage of the value of publicly announced Percentage of the value of publicly announced procurements in the total values of the procurements procurements in the total values of the procurements done through tendersdone through tenders

Description of the methodology for Description of the methodology for measuring the Index of RTA at local levelmeasuring the Index of RTA at local level

Quantification of the indicators in the concrete Quantification of the indicators in the concrete case in percentages would becase in percentages would be::• Number of publicly announced procurements towards Number of publicly announced procurements towards

total number of procurements conducted through public total number of procurements conducted through public tenderstenders::

fromfrom 0 0 ttо 20% - о 20% - 1 1 pointpoint fromfrom 20 20 ttо 40% - о 40% - 2 2 pointspoints fromfrom 40 40 ttо 60% - о 60% - 3 3 pointspoints fromfrom 60 60 ttо 80% - о 80% - 4 4 pointspoints fromfrom 80 80 toto 100% - 100% - 5 5 pointspoints

• The value of publicly announced procurements towards The value of publicly announced procurements towards total value of procurements conducted through public total value of procurements conducted through public tenderstenders: :

fromfrom 0 0 ttо о 220% - 0% - 11 pointpoint fromfrom 20 20 ttо 40% - о 40% - 2 2 pointspoints fromfrom 40 40 ttо 60% - о 60% - 3 3 pointspoints fromfrom 60 60 ttо 80% - о 80% - 4 4 pointspoints fromfrom 80 80 toto 100% - 100% - 5 5 pointspoints

Description of the methodology for Description of the methodology for measuring the Index of RTA at local levelmeasuring the Index of RTA at local level

The final values of the RTA Index is from 1 to 5 which indicates the The final values of the RTA Index is from 1 to 5 which indicates the level of responsibility, transparency and accountability according level of responsibility, transparency and accountability according the following table:the following table:

• RTA Index 5RTA Index 5 – for the average arithmetic values between – for the average arithmetic values between 4,5 4,5 andand 5 5 ((fullfull responsibility, transparency and accountability) responsibility, transparency and accountability)

• RTA Index 4RTA Index 4 – for the average arithmetic values between 3 – for the average arithmetic values between 3,5 ,5 andand 4,4,5 5 ((highhigh responsibility, transparency and accountability) responsibility, transparency and accountability)

• RTA Index 3RTA Index 3 – for the average arithmetic values between 2, – for the average arithmetic values between 2,5 5 andand 3,53,5 ((mediummedium responsibility, transparency and responsibility, transparency and accountability)accountability)

• RTA Index 2RTA Index 2 – for the average arithmetic values between 1 – for the average arithmetic values between 1,5 ,5 andand 2,52,5 ((lowlow responsibility, transparency and accountability) responsibility, transparency and accountability)

• RTA Index 1RTA Index 1 – for the average arithmetic values between 1 – for the average arithmetic values between 1 andand 1,1,5 5 ((absenceabsence of responsibility, transparency and of responsibility, transparency and accountability)accountability)

Description of the methodology for Description of the methodology for measuring the Index of RTA at local levelmeasuring the Index of RTA at local level

The methodology is designed in a The methodology is designed in a way to allow creation of separate way to allow creation of separate RTA Index:RTA Index:

- Separate RTA Index for specific area - Separate RTA Index for specific area - Overall RTA Index for whole areas Overall RTA Index for whole areas

* Both level of RTA Index are produced * Both level of RTA Index are produced using the same formula:using the same formula:

Description of the methodology for Description of the methodology for measuring the Index of RTA at local levelmeasuring the Index of RTA at local level

SNP : MNP x 100 = PPSNP : MNP x 100 = PP where: where:

- SNPSNP is scored number of points (sum of all points is scored number of points (sum of all points won in the process of quantification of indicators)won in the process of quantification of indicators)

- MNPMNP is maximum possible number of points (sum is maximum possible number of points (sum of all maximum values of the quantification of of all maximum values of the quantification of indicators)indicators)

- PPPP is percentage points (shows the percentage of is percentage points (shows the percentage of points won against the maximum number of points won against the maximum number of points that could have been won) points that could have been won)

Description of the methodology for Description of the methodology for measuring the Index of RTA at local levelmeasuring the Index of RTA at local level

• After the PP are calculated, they should be After the PP are calculated, they should be converted into RTA Index according the following converted into RTA Index according the following formula:formula:

PP x 0.05 = RTA IP where:PP x 0.05 = RTA IP where:

- PP is percentage pointPP is percentage point

- RTA IP is RTA index pointsRTA IP is RTA index points

- Value of 0.05 is portion of every percentage point Value of 0.05 is portion of every percentage point in the maximum value of RTA Index of 5 in the maximum value of RTA Index of 5 (5:100=0.05) (5:100=0.05)

Usage of the methodology for measuring the Usage of the methodology for measuring the Index of RTA at local levelIndex of RTA at local level

The methodology is designed in a way to be The methodology is designed in a way to be implemented by various subjects:implemented by various subjects:

• Different anti-corruption institutions/bodiesDifferent anti-corruption institutions/bodies

• Associations of local self-government unitsAssociations of local self-government units

• Municipal authorities as a self-evaluation Municipal authorities as a self-evaluation mechanismmechanism

• Mixed team of stakeholders (NGO, public Mixed team of stakeholders (NGO, public officials, business community, media etc.)officials, business community, media etc.)

• Specifically trained professional agencies etc.Specifically trained professional agencies etc.

Thank you for your attention!Thank you for your attention!