Upload
others
View
8
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
~ ~ ,~L...~la.uL...,s' ~l¥'~ o~,;) ~la~ )~4~L...~, ~jL...l~'.- t-u~~) -.
f r ,'4 ~.s't.j'S, ..r<J}..hl,Sj'S'*.s~w.f'wj'S,
\rAr .\..,,4T\. ,<.JI:i.o.;:,;~~"\fAt .\..-'" f,,,,4' u'-"",
Isolation and Identification of Pasteurella Spp. in theUpper respiratory Tract of Healthy and UnhealthyHolstein (dairy calf pnenmonia) Calves
Mohammadi, GH.R.l,Ghazvini,K.2, Ahhaspanah,H.3
JDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Schaol of Vererinary Medicine,FerdowsiUniversityof Mashhad,Mashhad-/ran.'Department afmkrobiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of MedicalSciences, Mashhad./ran. 3Craduered from the School of VeterinaryMedicine,Fen/owsiUnivmityofMashhad,Mashhad-/ran. .
Objective: To compare Pasteurella Spp. isolates of thenasopharyngeal cultures in healthy and unhealthy Holstein(dairy calf pneumonia) calves.Design: Case control study.Animals: Sixty Holstein calves from two weeks up to six-month-old in dairy farms of Mashhad Suburb wereselected.
Procedure: In the affected calves, the clinical findingswere recorded and nasopharyngeal swabs were also taken.Apparently healthy calves were chosen from the samefann as control.
Statistical analysis: t-test, Mann-Whitney and Chi-square.Results: Clinical findings including respiratory rate, hear!rate, rectal temperature, and illness index scores weresignificantly different between healthy and unhealthycalves (P<O.OS).Differences between the isolation rates ofvarious pathogens from healthy and unhealthy calves wereevaluated by contingency table Chi-square analysis.Pasteurella multicida was isolated more frequently fromnasopharynx in affected group than in control one(P<O.OS). Mannheimia hemolytica was isolated morefrequently in affected ones than controls. However, itsdifference was not significant (P>O.OS).Conclusion: Results indicate that Pasteurella multicida
was isolated more frequently from nasopharynx in affectedcalves than in control group. However isolation ofMannheimia hemolytica was not strongly associated withrespiratory disease. ].Fac. Vet.Med. Univ. Tehran.61,2:147-153,2006.
Keyword: calf, dairy calf pneumonia, pmteurella multicida,Mannheimia hemolytica.
Con-espondingaudtor.semail:[email protected]
)0 .0":'cs".,,;.U (Shipping Fever) J'" ~J.o.>"":;..:,1,'"'''''' "-'-'cs"
..5.;;,,}T "',..'" ~4 t).).;...,0-'?J~I--'-"" <S~ <SUo~L3')o,j.,Li.o
<s",.JL..,f ",,..,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,, "-'-"cs"(EnzooticCalf Pneumonia)
(f)
,,.JL..,,,I"IL..,s'..,w. ,"o>~..:..:.s-jl,"':'I"",,,,l>~, ~ ,Ii. ,..."'"
.(",,..:.,,,l>~iJ',,,l>.uL..,s'.,;,.,,,),l..,,,,,l>.uL..,s'
.",.-"",t.:.".III..'C}>
jl,"':'",I>.;.;I,I...,:.:.~ ~,~""""",L;.:J,>.uL..,s',-,,,I,f''u~l...".
'""""'''''}>I'''''':''''~}''iJ'
.,;;.j,s""h,;""""',,..,;,.,,,,,,~w'''wl.:.i jl~,l..".uL..,s' l" ,.p"
ul""'L.:..-="'>t"" ~l."",l> ;" ,~L,uL.;."L..o..t~Ij1~..,w.-""""o>~jl,;,I, "",. ",-,,s':"";"'iJ'I,,,,,.uL..,s'l"",I.>! ~I."
",l>.uL..,s'jl,l..".uL..,sl"",I.>!(J""'),.JL...uL..,s~~ ."':'cirS
."':'...JlI.."I"",l>.;.;lt,"wl.Jo
.",ISt,'.J"~~,-W",Ji;.-ot w,.;14,,,,,l.1J,W,,,,~
"u-W ,I...:; , ", )'.,J.iw4,...; ,I...:;.>!J.ot.:.""~l.),,,,l>,,,,,,~ '1;!\:;;
""""",},,,,,,,,,,,,l.1...=I,,,,l..,,~t.:.,t.-s)jl,"':'.i>luh""',,,,,,,,,,
"",,"u,li:;.(p<.j'O)-""'wl.:.i.,;,.",...,>!;.,.",l>.uL..,;'4,.JL..",l>.uL..,s
,I,,;","j} ",.",IS t,'.J""';';1':;J,,,,-,,jl "'~'*- 4."':'1"",",'j<,l.."t'»'
",l>.uL..,s'"...w-- ""","o>~jll ,:;J,.~,~~,,,jL..,l-,> ..:..jrS
jl~... ~ .(p<.j.O)'""":"",.JL..",LA.uL..,,.!...,'::""";,L..,,,I,,,,,,,,""l.1}>;jlo,,s,,...=IJ, "':''''jL..l"",,...:..",l.."",l>.uL..,,.!
.(P>'I-O),,,>
",l>.uL..,s,'...w--""","o>~jll ,:;J,.~,~~",jL..,l",,,''''~~
~"'~"'jL..I"",J,"':',""'l.:.."":"",.JL..",l>.uL..,s...,.:.,-;,l..".l{.:.;b"""""""-"",,,,-,"-"wl.:.iI,~..L,;;,I~""L.."L,
.'fV-lOf,' ,},-',i".""lfM,w'"o
~,~~ ,,,,,..:.,,,l>,iJ',,,l>.uL..,s.,;,.,,,""l..",.uL..,.!'",~ ",LAo,',
.~...~,I ,:;J,.
<s~}.".,,<s"o~lf ~)o y-:,"~..sr~<s)t..."j~ftM--j.,.'9-" jI~
"'CB.RD Complex) ~lf ""'r~ cS)t...,,;"-'-'cs"~lf u-iWolL.,o
)0 t).).;...,",;J~I""" '''''''cs'' ".-Lb:;~~" <S"'t)--'--'-'';;'),.....
J;lS~~",)t...""I"".;;.ou.~~ cS",~lf..,sr~<S)t...,,;
<S})f'--'~",,..,",, (UndifferentiatedRespiratory Disease)~
'0''''--'+'--'-'+'-- <f"J'}'I0.c" ..;;.:...,.,.".£.:.c"""-t;,I.o,,,Y--'J?(\
'0'"L-'+'-- ,-'+'-- ";;':"",Y-- .10.c" ..;;.:..".£.:.c" <s)}",.,;;..,..,? ('
'0''''--'+'-- ,-'+'-- <f"J'}'I0.c" ..;;.:...,.,.".£.:.c"~';' J-',,(r
gmohamad@ferdowsi"m~c.ir '0';- '''-;y (*
\,M '~')~'Y\')j>'0\*,<&:':'b'~j-;"b,£";";'b~
.jJI.>.>t,..s,s:..:...uL..y~ ..o ,I,.>..: ,sIo~4-<>b~L>cs<
).""cSLo.uL..y .(r .In.>..:.~G,UI~4"-"L ",,-, o..,A.ocr';-,-,I
,(A.n)~'''')-"j''''t,...,...>cS")cS~)"-"~~t,,.J~(...AJ1
w""cS~\!;...,"-"L..cS~)""~~t,,.J~~I.u(..,,
,c;,j}')}~i' ,,),. 'J,~ cr'L..I"..k'''),.~t,,,,,t..),,
w"""").r-«»".i>I- I
.,..JJwG.r"',,'..>..o:;_r
.j»L-:,~""""'cSlocS,)"cs-'y w"'")}t,..s ..., ;.c;,,'..>..o:;-,
..>..:.
,I, ,,,, ~bw""Jl>cs'4 w""")L,.:,~ ,~I"<.>",..-<~, - t
.cs'l>cs''''''>'':'
4 ,'>":'~b<.? ),,))"~ ~ .,...,.,.cS)1 ,;41'''';'''';',.J~-O
Y"'4")""';"";',.J~~b41y,..,IY'"
Y~ ,,o.,),j4.o ,1..;1",~ 41,.0 ,X_r
Lo.j>y~'w",,'''''''',>4j,J- v
..o ,Ics'~I""G..:.;; cS')"4':'-:',),~, Lo~-A
~1"41,~""G..:.;;.;:..,.ol.o,"'4")",,,,",""G..:.;;41 ,~- ~
""G..:.;;), ,.45 .:: 1,.s::''''~jYY"'''..: A>'jxw"}'~",),,li
.",...ocs"w"")~cSl.r"".."~I u.:.;..,,,,~),,~
~("-,;-<")~~)~ , ;.c;d-",,,,,,,).t,..;_I.)"cs',.,:.;~,,,.y,IJ>IT' )"""t...,L:.~~I~ ."-'cr
J-><-.0<')" w'>":'cS...,s)" IJJ",,1cs"""~ "-!.)...,.-u-cr'..u ~
."~cs"~~cSLoI"""J-;.I.;J1
.0 ,jll)<? )l>"',.t,cs'~I"" y, , ",L.<.Icr',s,.,..;r-"
jI.>..Scs"w'" I)cS,,) cS)I ,;)~y, , .ul)cs" 'r'>"';}o '" Lo",)
.'>":'cs"~w1""'>":"";r')0<'
.c;,j}')}cs'4j) ,,),.}' , l-'..o",~bcSLo..J !'~ ,t-'4 - Ir
j,,, "".>..:.'" «> i' t, ..>..:..:..,j...I0...,: .H)" ,,,-,';";'1 ""Lo)(1,1
cS""'~)"cS)l ,;..., ~I"cS)I.:,l'cr"'-<~' .~4cSu,.uL..:.;
,,,-,1(\)J,~ )"Jc>-"..s .u",,~)4r.J.ol-'''''l»''0<'''>'':'cs''
..0 ,1
:.r-"»" ."",,>,,:,~ .uL..y cr") ,. jI)l ,;cSLo.uL..,J'",.s
w,}..."G(Pair)~""),..,,,,.>.>I,.r" jI,.JL..cSu,<I..!L...,,J'wL..j-o."'
)" ",15'1.>.>)~ r-' 4-'1",,1<0)(1,1~t, ""t.. jI '-'""',.u'>":'<.>".."G.;.;I
.uL..y cr'1),. jlr-',.JL..cSLo.uL..y,,}' ."","}'cs".:..,j .b"T'cS~}
..>..:.~
.s...s"'cs'li,.;...,;.c;'\!;"""",y )"""4)""cs'4j))~""l5:J1
",~I.uIJ<f'-".IO.jb u,Jt",, ,~L.. ,. J,..,GJ<f'-"cSLo.."I,...,
1-"I1)~0<' cSl".(t.hr'l").>..:.cs"cs'l> - ~ .c,>lojlcS~ "',...0
11'1,
jI~.r" .(0)"~cs"=>L:, (Dairy CalfPneumonia)cS"":'cSLo,lf
)"..s .o ,1cs'-<I<o~cS)l ,;..5:,wl,:.<"'..I'" ,.j.->.,..:;..5:,j,J"e')'U
J--I,"" ,.?.;->."-'cSLocr'.>-'-'1.ui..bu>cS~LS'h~w1 ",'''''';')
..;-"4..5:, cSLo~,;-,.y,I~"L..I~t,<.>"c,..h-o~
wl,:.<'" (Mannheimia hemolytica)~, ,~(ST6 4 STl)
cs',.':';,),J!, ""t...,L.<.,cs"l5:J1.o)"~)-'-'-' ,.L:$,,'-"" ",,4r'4 J--Lo
)" ~I cSLoc;,jr-,; ",,", t, .(\Y.n)",,}'cs"...,su.;.,;..s..;;,,s.;H~
.;: : )"~..5:,w',:.< "'cS)I ,;0<lj,a.J'",.j.-> cs',.,:.; .5)"
)"4-" cS)l ,;jlJ.ol>cS"L..ciI""I}>..o ,IC}o.o~y,15' .j»,,,"
'J.ol-'..s''>'':''''j~'''YL.. )y",,)L,.J.,.o,,,~t,~T'1,..>.=.o.:.J41
"""..$T',.>..:.).",I.i<J<""'..,..;..r"'''';''-lS"'cS~ 'cs'l.o)"cSLo"';..r"
. - 101)7-'.'..$ T'wly".,""")" '-r~ ')cS)1 ,; '" )l.:,lwly". .O'l").J.:..:.t,cs"
..I'",.j.-> jlJ.ol> cs'''':';cS)I ,;.;;.., >I')0<'jI..uI,''}'.j>)"}' """)"
0<'cS~)l ,;h"jI~~y,lf .j»,,,".;: : ~..5:,wl,:.<'"
..5:,J'" ,.j.->.,..:; ",l-'..o Lo.uL..y ..s..;;~.;;1cs',.,:.; .'>":'4<.>"~
wL..;i;.",* ..If,l>.cr' f'-'I.u .")"cs'-<I<o~..5:,j,J"eI.;:..,.ol.o
t,>-" )"",L ,~,s:.,l.o'cs-"-"'J.o''''' j,<1c;,j4)"~.l<jlJ.ol> ,-"",,,,
..s ,.>..:.,,,I"w~ .(n)"",wcr ,'-';1 ~ ~ ..,..5.1"""cS)L..".:H.'
)" ",)""L>I,..".jI,,,-,I-'-e"cSr'4.:H..r'.,..JLJo 'o.., rJ,... Y)p4
t, cSLo.uL..y ':.r-"> )" ..>..:.t,cs"..s..;;~.;;1cs',.,:.; ",)(;.,..0 cSLo.uL..,J'
u-'l-' jI~.uj,l.o.:,.,.J,I)"~, ,~oI.# "cS"t,.?1 cSYt,j';i
- ,. ..uI=bcS.rte'>":')..,..;..r"' "",,),,),> -"cs',.':'; '" )l.:,1)"cS"""
''>'':'.j»"}' cS)L.."0<1",)I.:,I}')" cS"":'cSLo.u15'r-" ,..$.1""""-<»" n
cS"":'cSLo.uL..y)"Lo"-'Y .b"..;.'wj,"';"-lS" ~I.:.Ji<o~ ..0 ,1
.o ,I,,,bw~""Wu...:.r-"»" .(It ).o ,I~cS)l...,e",)I.:,I~y,
J.;1}I,l.or cS)I ,;",)(;.,..ocS"":' cSLo.uL...,,J')" d ,lj .:,-,),1.:,-- 45
IJJ."~cs"",lj.uL..y ~}i>"';"-lS" "'.r.-o"'> r*"0<'..s .""4cs"
cS"L..cilcSLo~}i>cs"W ,,~""'}I.uli'cs" ..s..;;~.;;1"",,...H
.(O.I~)'>":'G=b "":'o.,)i' ,.uL..y .j>",,"jl,..lcS"":'cS)"'15'..5:,
cS)l ,;t",)"~4..., ;.c;'~""'f>""~ ),...,If,~ ..sbU1jI
";';;;"'~i't,.>..:.t,cs" (Naso -Pharynx)cs'l>-~.c,>I0~
,u;.., ",L..L:, '" ~I.ul"';"-,~ 0<')" cS)I ,;0<,5:1)" u,Y )p4
t,,.JL.. cSLo.uL..y cs'l> -~.c,>I0';:"':s jI ,.>..:.'-'-e"cSu,Y)p4
..o ,I,.>..:.cS"":'cSLo,15'cSLo.uL..y cs',.':';",)(;.,..0 cSLo.uL..y
}S .P'J' ~I,..jI cS,,'..>..o:;)" "",l.o r 10"""",,, 0-' cSLo.uL..y cS,)" JL.6 :H.'
"'~i't,w')I ,;.c;,j}' ~bUlJ<::'C-",",,,+,-,,"';I}o1cS"":'cS~)",lf
cSj'r""G..:.;; 'w"}' 'r~~ .~bw""Jl> cs') ~G,.J)Uo
-"~t,,.J~.J<,IjI)l ,;cSLo~b,,,L..L:,)"cJl..u'>":'",L..L:,(~
(!)
11'4,
'J?,jI~""'('J?,)1,..+ ~")J;"",~u-U -TJ,"".(IT c?' jlci}'fl)I.>.,--c?y
."'-''''",,...,.:5'''(-)''''':'''',,,,...,.:5',,(+)
,SPSS <5)L,T)}lt; ) ,0CA...,1,,.JL..,)L.,,;,,}',0 )°0!.~.uL..,J'
..;.;}')} <5)L,Tj.,-W,"-!.je<J°),..,<5t5"0,..,},J." t 0""}~
~l;;,;
,
csi'j) °),..,<5l>f"'1)4 I::.'loO)L.>-o<5lh>'" ~l"oJ.A>,~ 01')°
"".loO.J.iI,,,-,,..cI,lf,,<541,,",,,)oJp ,,-,,,,L,}<54-0,}' <5l>.uL..,J'
'~'cs" .r.jC.r'-;<5)L,)cs-')),)J..cl>
",tX;1)00°Y.~ .100-'>0°10)}"-!"->,.:;BG '';'-->'~-
V'\..>"')n 01 :;J.A>,~ 0-" )°<5)°,\3' .>..>1,;-,,) ,0 :, 0), <54-<>10
.J.i°y.,0L, (-'"')°") <..>"')~,; 4-0,}',1 cS.,Y')0 l>.uL..,J') ("--"»0
.J.ioY.0L.S,~)O! ),..-",)' ,°<54-0'°
,,}' <5l>.uL..,J'0-',j,)OVArHVIJp ,,}' <5l>.uL..,J'0-'
)I°cs'-'-'J~I,,}' ,°J." t 0,..,})0'°J-/j,)0A1 AVHVIf\)L.,,;
)0 cs"LJO.;L,)o<5l>f"'1)4 <5d ,)J.il) J..cl> I::.'loO.(P>.I.O) ~I.u
."-,I,,,-,,..cl), J,,",,,
TAlfH '/nJp,,}' ""}"""")o'.s)4.,.,,,,,,,L.:.,~,,,,,j)l-
'0,..,})0,0y.<5d "',..,.;j,,)o 01»L.. "'c)of.I.V", '/O~}...",,}',
0,""'°1 :;~ ,(P<'I'O) -=-'10)°cs'-'-'J~I ,,}' ,°J'i"-.o
01-"" ".", H IM.,..il0,,...,01 :;)Lo.,,,,}')0~;"-!u--iW°I-,,,,-,.J.ii
oy..u,;O)OTHAl1"A,""'ITlIT~;-'IJ.F5" ,,}')o,"'" \O/T°u--iW
)Lo.",,}')O<5)L,.,,~L.:..(P<' 1'0) -=-'b<5)°cs'-'-'J~I,,}' ,0,
J.F5",,}"<5)°cs'-'-' }., ,J)lG.I~'0-"0""})0 ,°y. TI H ./f)
J,,",,, )°cs"LJO.;L,)°<5l>f"'1)4<5d ')J.il) J..cl> I::.''->(P<'I..\) ."--"10
.,,-,1 ,"-"..cl) (T)
...,..s;)1j,p<e,>u jl,"-"d}' ",I~~ I::.'loO, u...:...,.,,,,,",,-
)°cs!~lu--iW'~o ),,,-,,,,",,, t'ye-'."-'I,o :,,u')(f) J,~)o
)L.t5"0),..,""';)0 r< (Jp ,,}',)L.,,;,,}').u.JLh... c...o0 <54-<>'°
<e,>u) ,,,-,, d)' <5l>"',..,.;).oSJ5L,...:...,,..-"I"-',s ..u°J-/0L S..,
,,}' ...,..s;)Ij,ju<e,>U,1.oS<..>"P,x"-,,s, Jp',;3' ~,u,jU
}'..;.~ "-!Lo..o<5l>"',J'")l.ot5","-"I,"",<5l>, ",lf)A<°J.i"-"I,"",)L.,,;
(f)
". ."lA ~J-",",4 ",L...I.:..:.J"jL...l-'e-
'.s)l."..,...'-'.s-"<'-'cJ,-\J,..,.
cs'~ "-"',0'40"..0, 0''''''' 0-!.r"'-"..,..,...,..>.eo}'cs"..y;...uL..,J'
.u~o,),J-"..)°CS->csi°le<i.I"'P..uL..,J'0-!~J>'o"-!",,,:,
",I~ JO.jl>u,<5l>.u~0,)0) """"""-"cs" <5;-:-,1w;JLS,oLJ,JO.jl=.
",I~ )""tLSO...",t; "-"cs"~'yi>.>-O),~L..T' O,.l>)°ck,...,1
",1~J-"..0!.1)0 .0,""",0~T~""G...:, ;l~, yi>.>-J,.b )°ck,...,1
<e,>U.bG...,~,,.t>"'.;.S r ),""'; A, ,~ i!)L>JO.jG u~;I
) JO.jl>u,.u~"r-" ""-,,,~ JO.jl>u,.u~J>b"-!')4,0~- ~
J-".. jk:--"L..fyol.l>.oS ~ 0L,jI:;l>",,..,.;.J.i"-"cs"i!)L>0!~
f O,.l> <5L,0)0~cs"J,.b<5j~,.",~'~L,}l.:i <5"';;"-',...;
.(TT)J.i"-"cs"<5)~ol»L.,"'c)o
cs-I~I<5L..~)o.:;...,;.S "-It'.uI<5j,J,..,.,~,~L...})o
0'> 4 ,,,-,,"* )0 0'> )lfT~ ~ csiG...;..;1<5L..~.",0;3'
'-""L,}<5l¥.>""'~<5~.J.iOy.~t5"..s..~~,.uL.,,J'
.(f, V,~,\', H, H, Tf)J.i"-",,*~L...)o,"-" }'-'<54J 1')po<..>"L.,I)!
<5l>~<5'))!~- ~_Ujl,o :,~;3' <5L...,.,I,,
,~),--"",.J.i"-"cs",olo~~),.b;~t5" ..s..,)b0,»lfT
4 '''-''cs'' ,o10,I} 0"",) ~ <5"""")~ )0 )°0'> )lJ'T<5l>~
l>, ",lf) "-"))0 c,<""':;"'P. Co2 -'"')0 I.t; 0 '0"""~cF>'.iS'
"')°0'> )lJ'T~ <5l>~ <5,l><5l»l>..,..,..., ..>.e°}'cs"0-!-"\.:;
~t5"..s..~ .J.i"-"cs"~.;:&L..fA"",,-!"")OTy'C ),:;4,s:.o1
.;:&L.. fA """",,,01»L.. "-'c)o TV),.:;L,,s..;1 )°<5),-" .6..,.I,..-")°.H-'
'''-''cs'''''''''.iS'
<..>"L..I)!cs!~jS4 <5l>~,~)0 o :,),.u.~",,),...,)o
<5l><5jo-oTJ:c) ~ "-!~L... )0 ,,,-,, yS-' C<r-' "",L...,l..:.--'<5L..J>,)
.(TJ,,",,,)J.i"-"cs"cs!L.."--'cs!~,,,,u"''> ,<.S""~I
<..>"'0"csi'~~ ,~l<5l>~L.:.<5d ')J.il) J-.>l> "".loO
",,,' .s...J""" j>"" j,,"'- j,.sY ",u .,,' J,-"' ,.,.. """"" -"'"
1+) (-) + (-) + (+) - + - - "",.'-+ + + (+) + (-) - - 1+) + -,..
.....
"..."",,,,,,,,><. ,'
J-',,,"' ''cs"''''''}' '"-.."'''''w-"'' }'"4"c,.:,,. ,'''''''''''':'''.s}.."j'.s'''''-'-' b",.;'''w"'
.0....'c;.- ,'}',.J"".s"''''''''<'u-L,; ,'.sy..S .o.,;'",.s,c,.:,,.,,,,,,,",,,,wl=.:,;J'-.s,L.,,;-',," """4,,,""-.s"'''';,...
.,)(..s)(o;'"'V,.....4ci,J-.oIS .o....1c;.-'''.s,<,-".,)l.,4=''
.c.....,)""",..,;..;,-,,,"
J-'>: .0.,;''''''''''';' ",,,,,< ''cs"' "",}' '"-.."'.s.0 '"'"'-'.s)(o;',T
,,",,,,wI=.:,; ,...;r'J'-.s,L.,,;-',," ..0....'"".0....' j",w-"
'',.o....'c;.-,,,,,,,,;,,;,-,,,",.o....""':"'"'
"';";'-'''""''''''''<'-'' '" ..o....'w''''}''"-.."''''''w''' j' ",.s)(o;',f..?A,' ="' '''''w',."""J'-
\'\~D '~'JI ;.'Y\'Jj' ,,}*.K:.:.b ,~ft'b.05-.::..:.b~
.,~,J?,)' "~,",j"~I ?UcS?"c.-'Sc:'" -f J,-,,"
."""~",,,,~,,--,.()
"p4 "Loci4 j ~~jySL.. ""L>IJ-'?",,,,,WL.. ,0 "u,,<GL:.;
J..>..,..:;",L..,,~,'.G-,).~..;)-J ')J"'",L:..., )L,-,?L:,
)oLo~0;'bt.;;) j~W~ .(r, '\ ,0,n, rf, ro, rV)"-'°j!J." j
0>-,1> 3<'.h...':;",...s .;: ,1,,1<GL5'I-,-,,",wLh..j°"'L:...,,,,,,,,r.<'0<'
..,~, ~ A10c")L..""".r='°G.;.I,,I;-I\~~~JL..,)0
0","31u-'j! L.-,~y:.,1...Ir" ..,~0,wLh..)OJ,wLh...s,), ",42
,,1;< I) ~L:...,,,)1..T ";j) \WVJL..)00'}..4'''j.:H;-3 .(\O,rf)o)jT
Jt,..4~""G..:,.?cs"r,,4<04cS"TA' ~0'j,-o~
~}O' )0<},wlb..~UJ.~ ~ )1S,"3-')""~L.b"""",,:,
0;' 1..1."-'°1,,-,0L..:.;I),,)°ci-'-' ,,}..TbL) ,-,,4j} o)j-""u" ~
.~.cc,...Slj "LooJL..y)otr ,,04 cS"TA'j ,,3<)",,",T""~ C!'j,-o
.(r,\Y)",o-J."",L:...,~J<W
"~,,Lo ~ ")L..,, ua>'-" j tP) "")p ,.)0 'U--iW01"-"
ol..c.o0;'0!.1)0,~4cs""')0~"'>"s 0'j,-o",~)0,,~ jh
.h...,:;.s.;: ,1~4",,4j),,~C"-"" )'".lrua>'-"u--iW
0~~")L.."",~"LooJL..y,,,,4j)I.;;..p~~
ua>,-".s .>.:Scs"0",r"\JL..)00>-'e,.j!.)~ .(rf).;: ,I.~
.~4cs""pc"jL.. I~ "'~ "I;<,,)t., 'U--iWol..c.oj")L..,,
".>.SI"j ,~4~ j..Gu,}1"-'I,:;cs""",,) 0<')0"pc0~ (""'.)j
}h,,;1 J<L9",4p4';;";~ <$.)0 <S"tf;l.o)' ,,4r-'L..:.; jj;-l j "-') 0""":'
~"jL..I~4'}j.4.o"'<)0~"'>"s.s ':;';4)°0>-,1>3<) ..;: ,1
""I>I)"?;<'j~",4p4';;";~ 40--"')0 j~c~.Ir"~"'"
0~ oljT}l)o JL:..,,1;<",Tcs""''''';.,; ,,~o ""',31~~jySL..
"Lo",L..:.;~I)1 ~J"'''-'I':;c.>''~b"u"0jj-,",, 4,y.,,-S~jo..;l
0"'~ .o°-J ")L..,,.., ~ ,,4.0b )0~4 j ~ ")L ,,
(P~'f'\) "')0~,,'>"s4"}°ci-'-'),...,,)L..,,~4ua>'-".>.:Scs"
t~)""}?",,")041..I.o}0~(P<'f"\) "p40""":'I..I.>j
'\Jj~»rjr '\i:~)o",,)? ,.)o.,}o..;,,}o~<S"e- .
\0'
.(~". jI,jI.cucS\b.~)cS~~~jm'"'~L..)''''''"wL,I...c:''' - rJ,-,,"
'°j!""j""" -J..,.oS..4'j-J jO).~I"", )~..>...o)o.;; , ;cs-Ij'o..;°3-'
"»)L..,,'j-J )',~4cs"'j-J jOY' )0..,.J"")~I.."..,cs=JJ"' '1), ,4
o)J"'..>...o)ofV;<';<0)J"'\~ jlJ? 'j-J hO}J"'..>...o)oVV4;<';<0)j-"
'1)3"-'4,-"ljl~}O.' )'j-J j,J)("..>I,,,,, -J'~I.."..,cs=JJ"' '1), ,4
.( p~'f.rr)"'-'4cs" )°ci-'-'"IS c<r0J"'jT )""""""cs=JJ"'
\.~-~..., L.;).""":'1-,-,,"~j-<>-"('1)~4)~
O)J"'v ),.JL.."LooJL..y 'j-Jjljo)J"'..>...o)orr4;<1;<)L..,,'j-J oJL..y
~,-"ljl},,1S toir0j-"})0 ,0..;""":'1..1.>o)j-"o.\...<»'" 4;-11;-1
,(P~'fOrV)~I"-' ")'ci-'-'J)b.I'j-J jO)'~"'" ('1), ,4)
4;<1;-I')J"'\'~ .6.,.o...4-'-'.s """cs"0L..:.;~~UJ~
;.,;"~.o,,Lo~tf)Lo '1)3"-'4.><'j~ )L ,,'j-J )o)j-"o.\...<»o rr
\A~)oJ? 'j-J)o~0!.I.s"-,~,,,L..,l.:.-'~ ~)o
~'-";.,; I)Lo'1)~4.i-"i~0"Lo, ,;IS) o)J"'..>...o)or' 4;<1;<0)J"'
"LS C<.r-"0j-"jT ), T';:""""'<1'I.w,,)l.oTJo.l"" j"'~)O .",o-Jcs"
,I..c.o ~1)lpL..:.; (f)Jj..l.> 1:'-'UJ,(p~'f.rA),...,)o~ J)L.>I
cs=JJ"''1), ,4j~"'" ('1), ,4) ~.~ "".L..L:,"Lo~
)L..,,'j-J o}J"').~ci-J ~)L9jj~"Lo..",...,~ .6.,.0...)01.."..,
.~4cs"J?'j-J"',;:"",,;
.,.<:~~~ .-, .
6'1 ";--jX 0<') J.oI>?L:, "p4 "Loci4~) J--,.;
'j-J j)L..,,'j-J ~'j-J jo"4.0b~LXoI"u,, }"'_'_°U"L..,(.;:,I
.."LXo14";--jX 0<')°.0 pf )} <5");-1j ~o)j-" (,.JL..,)J~"Lo)~L9 }I",<.o-J";W "}OjL5';-,, jl.;;...A...,."")~,,u,,<tJL..,~
0°310l S., 1.iJ."-'4";--1S 0t5...1"'" l:;(Bias) jL.. ..;),:; j~jJ.X..
;1°ci-'-'J'>1.o>10"-""-' jLooJL..y ~ )~L9}'U jI'j-Jjo..,...,5.?
r*'0«..,(P>,f'O)'j-JjO Y' )oci -J ).,.9"Loo>JL..y0-'}O' ) ,,)I..T
..;: ,I.~",,"':;
~.. ~..., ~jI"pf "'~A):.",wLh..0<')Ooj-J jo,,4.0'o
ol..c.o'U--iW ol.c...; 'tPJ"" )lp ,.)o"Lo~ "pf'jlo..;( 4 4-'T
.l" "Lo)t., =3 -Jcs" }}",,4j) 0)J"'")L..,,ua>'-";.,; j.,.1.9040-'>
';:"""",<,.JL..,,4.0'0jI)L..",,4.0b ",L..L:,)0 ~o~~w jI.~
,\~ArJL..)00'}5~""'j..}T ..;: ,I.~ci-J )lS..";--jx0<l)o j T
.:;.;-""".s "-'0100L..:.;o~ ""WLh...o)onArJL..,)o 0')L4-0 j ~
(f)
J',,! ,...".,,! ."",IcS",....,c\J',,
W(fV) "(VV) Pm,lto6d,
V(m Hm M.hemolyti"
V(ff) O(w) B,eillu"pp.
I(f) .(.) EeoN
flV) I(f) S"phSpp.
f(If) IIf) ""ptococ""pp.
f(V) I(f) P"udomo"" '"'Og'no"
.(.) 1(,) P'Oteu"pp.
,''',) HH) Mixedflo,"
U="'" "",,, ,..!J04,.., w""," .,,!<s,..."
i.r-'
I H>Am fr ,,/If w'v..m OVA,.,VI Jp.,,!f/H.m 'HIO/fO ".HrlM foj'V.'/O\ M/AVHV/" "...".,,!
- I
.
\0\
.(1'.\0).;: ,10"'-' La)'~~ ~,L...,)/.;p..;.L.o ,-,u..u,s"
~)>,-,4L>o1~.j~.bw,l0<lo",",y!~),-,01""'~
.bL,.;,Io"," ,-".0 J' ",-".0.; ,Iool.O;.ol L...,)/.;,.s:.,I..,-,u,,,',,f, 1.>,,->cS"Y'
~,-,}..."..s:.,)ol<»~ )>,-,4,L...,)/.;,.s:.,1..,-,l<»..,fL>oI~j~
o~~,-,~,-,)lo,1S ,-,u.~L.,,s" cs'3-"H""'-'-'L >...,-Ll.<
.(0)",-,"..,...,
,I°<.S'-'-"J-tI}I,~~~,-,jL.,I-'-"O,l3-"";"'Iy.;1
,,1':;cS"I)Jp 0,)' "'~ )L.."o,)')o",-,I,,-,,"I.>,,->cS"Y'~)>,-,4
~-cs'-=I'Y'"u )OO~j~,,,"'-'o.!=',.L5" b,1.r">""'-'4-->J"b,,,
,-,l<»oj,JJ>lo",~~~°r'c>"')~ .(P<-/-O).:: ;lo
.J'" ,j..> J.,...,..i)lj<.J"T'--'1h,1r'.;; ou, "-"-')~p-I..;
~I.>o),-" ",.i.U.-""'-',-,1,...,.,.,1 ""I~ 'cs-',,,,,,-,u.,,,-,~
}1)0..>.:5°h..,.."..,1""ul"" ~j,Stl>°L~ 'cs'-"'<ltl>o",o.;l,:;cS"
,-"",,lS""""'Y'.""t.,I..")(,,...,'J'r,-,y-~o""J-tI}I~Y'.,.,~1
-"'I.I.r">,,"'-'''"'''-'', ~ o~o.bb... ,-,,)p"'-'cP}<.J" "Y'.:..S)
0"",10.;1""-'1':;~~ .0~cS"r>'"I},-,pt,,,"'-'0.!=',.L5"
0<1.""<W-uL.,,f)0 1.>,,->cS"Y'~)>,-,4,-,pl,l,~ csir." ,-,)L.."
o"",l~t,,-,)L..,,oS o.;loci)' ~,-,)L.."csir."°"",I)<.J""(~
,Io),>y!~~ ~t,,,-<li.. )0,-,f'"'S .:: ,,""'"'-" )0'"'-"
4J-- cs'-=I'Y'"u.bb...,-,,)y! 1.>,,->-cS"Y'~)>,-,4~ t,,-,)L..,,,",-,"cS"
",\:.:.0<;'Y'"u",~If,l.,."c °Mb,I.r">,,1 ,~,0~cS"°"",1~
..s.;;y}1 ",,..,X ,-,)L..,,~01J..»)0 .00)'cS"4-->~ o~o
"',,~ r>-?4''" I)""ul"" .L...,)/.;,.s:.,1..,<.,J,Ic5"',y-,,-,l+" ~ -uL.,,f
,-,l<»jl>,;-1.. tl>o 0~",.,..,...,1 ,,0"" 0,1, 01))1.>,,->cS",..,~)>,-,4
-c5"'",..,,-,jL..S4~LL "'..,.."..,1?L., °h~ ,...,J,J,.J1
.;: ,10"'-' 0010"L:.;~ ...>.:.:ScS".J.LCo ";":',7< ,,-,1..;)0,-,10;'"
~o.;jol.."",hl)o~~~~y!~t,;;.;;,-,I,IooScs'l<»-uL.,,f
"'-')..,-.,y-b, 00",,10),>y!"',..,x '" "",1)0,-,f'"'S u--'L:. )..ulo°3-'
i?)',I}d> r")o "",L.,oS"""'°cS""L:.;""Wlh.o0<I.-=-"b,-,.rt;
'~~~"R<.,J,I,-,Ij;.)L.."J.oI>-" 7<17<)0~L.,,s"..,.4i
;,.., 1.>,,->cS",..,~)>,-,40~j,l" ,~ ,,,"'-'0.!=',.L5")0l<»L...,)/.;,.s:.,1..
."'-'t,cS"
0')' "'~Jp 0,)')0 ~udl>u,-,~ 0","'0<1y!0,~
0')' ~-cs'-=I'Y'"u )o,-,pt,~b,I.r">""'-'''"'''-''}'.;L:.;)L..,,
.(1'.\O)(P<-/'O)"'-'t,cS")L.."
~b).u,~
o..>5...o.;I°cs-'-",j;~f"'<",-,I)~ ).,:.;l°cS"6~ 0,> 7<,,1S..u)\.S..;
~L:; <.J"4"-'~cs-',0.r>0~1°cs-'-"',j-;~~';""";,L o,
.""<w",lo).>.J,~,-,,",,,j;0<I~GuI6~ ,-,l<»,-"-,,,
(f)
---<SLo.~JJ"-4",L.,~J<SjL.,l-","
1"-"",,-,,,,)""l.>lp"""'-'"csi'>~('-')L..,,~L.:,,-,-,,<,,,,)o
,",-,"cS"O~j,l, ,"",Ir "",)0.:..S1f ~ y>d, .0,10,-,pL, ,,"--'
)0"",Ir,,-»o..s.;;"'-'~,-,4JP ,,010';:""'0)J"Jo",o~cS")"'"
""l>lp"""'-'J;li..)o .-"~cS",-,,",,lS",-,)L.."~,~}",~"I)L..,,
,-,)L..,,~L.:,J-tI}lt,~ 01"",J-t1}1 ,(",),,"'-',-,.>..,5") '-'3-')
),-,)L.."~L.:",-,p",-,jL.,I'»L>oI~~..;: ,lol-",,,
0.;1,:;cS"y-ol0<loSo"'.rt;~"s)"" ,Ir""')ot,,-,)L..,,~L.:,~
d,o.;~..,...,,",.,..,...,,,,,,)' oS"'-'t,csi~I,-,~t.,..,,",-,ol))~u
.(n) 0.;jL.,cS"}~, I),-,)L..,,~t, b,1.r">
.,...Li"t,y-b01"",.~ 01"",J.oL.:,~,-,l<»,I"... .!='oWlh.o0<l)o
...;)bl (,.JL.,)Jp o,)'t"oci~J-tI}I"I)L.."o,)')0""/""""')0,
~L.:,""1.»0"0,,,~ "-i"-""~t,.(P<-/-O)'::"":'b,-,)b<.S'-'-",-,)L..1
,-,,I..,)J;.l><' ,,,,7" ,-,1y!o~cS",-,-"<..,.)o,-,l""y-o,,,,),-.,oS ,-,)L.."
Jp o,)'t,)L.." 0,)'."'-' 00LA 1~'0-" ...s:..,.>-'-"1)4~ cP"jI
.(P <- / -0)-=-"10)'.,.>5:, I, ,-,)10 <.S'-'-"...;">b-I
~ -cs'-=I'Y'"u) 0"'-' oci~ ,-,4<1, , ) 0,",-"1-,-",-,4<r'1..;
"0",,,L-S:;.''"''-'"cS''~..,fv J.oL.:,,-,,",,,j;0-'I,-,u.~L...,,s
,-,,I~.b,.>u>~l..O..oJ,,Jo,,,,,I':;cS"I)o,)',0)o",-,I.»~lpl~
.(, J,.»).; ;bl<»-uL.,,f
cS",..,~)>,-,4,~~(~ )>,-,4)~0",-,1.»~lpIL>ol)0
~-~...,.,.I..;)o (Commensal)'::""""""j--<>-"''''')3-'',lo , >
""If ",l>"~o~o~)f"r.-,o.;,Io),.a.>,,If..>.:.:S,I~
oWlh.o0<l)o)L..",Jp o,)')~If,l0<I,-,jL.,l,,-,," .o.:...JcS")L.-:,
_(\.rr)'""-'t,cS"~ol0<Iy!,-,,,",L.:,j,C
..s.:.,.I~)~l<»~lfh~oS .;: ,lo",-,':""~csir."""Wlh.o)o
ol)jl ,-,)1.>,-,I,...u"...,,,, ~ -cs'-=I'Y'"u)o"L.:,,I~1 J"'-" /Wlo
,,1,1""''''';0-'1 o~,t,.;;...)L.,c:.J1.> )0L..1.0.;~cS"°0y!l<»J-'''',-,L.;
o",",J"Jo",l<»J-'ooyl ,-,I,..,cs'-=I)O~ )~'-', , )~Io
.(r-)"-"L..cS"cs't,J;?I~~cs"l>o,-,l<»~LL
,~~(~)>,-,4)~"0,,,~)f'~)~JI.>0<lt,
cs'-=I,-,4<I,..., Ai'>I)", 1.>,,->cS",.., ~ )>,-,4.hi;.; .1.>,,->cS",.., ~ )>,-,4
""),-., ,"")o.:...~~~ '°r'c>"'I-,-",.JL...,,-,u.~L...,,s
.(r.n) 00 )'cS"I"-,,",.JL.,,-,l<»-uL.,,f cs'-=Ic-:.s),-,ol}G1
)0 ~ - cs'-=I'Y'"uc-:.s )00"'-' 1.» J",,-,pt,j,CoWlh.o 0<1)0
)~ 1.>,,->cS"""~ )>,-,4..;: ,11.>,,->cS",.., ~ )>,-,4)L.." ,Jp 0,)'
,-,l<»-uL.,,f ",,..,xjl 0"'-' I.» <5-~Pt, J.o~ 0-'yOJ,I-,-,,-,>JJ-"'-'-"
0<1.,...1bc: o}~ ..,.,~jt,'~~I."LLI0<I..;: ,I,-,~,-,l<»,l!'
""<°..,..,,..,1 ,~Jo~j~t,oS "'-'t,cS""-<"';Ur>-?4-')o, ,..;lS,I
..LCL.o-,lb c: o.r>'-"J,Ir>->4.-0,-,4<r'L, .u.,...,3-'~ o\..Le..,o
L>oI~j~.bw,I..s:.,o",",.(\.rr).;: ,I~~~
\,M ,~,}",';"7\').P',-J*.~b ,~-,.,.b.~b~
References
I. Ackermann M.R., Brogden K.A. (2000) Response of
the ruminant respiratory tract to Mannheimia
(Pasteurella) haemolytica. Microb Infec. 2: 1079-1088.
2. Allen LW, Bateman K.G, Viel L., et al. (1990) The
microbial flora of the upper and lower respiratorytracts of feedlot calves with undifferentiated bovine
respiratory disease. Bovine Pract. 26: 162-I65.
3. Allen J.W, Viet L., Bateman K.G, et al. (1991) The
microbial flora of the respiratory tract in feedlot
calves. Associations between nasopharyngeal and
bronchoalveolar lavage cultures. Can J Vet Res. 55:341-346.
4. Allen J.W,Viel L., Bateman K.G,et al. (1992)
Changes in the bacterial flora of the upper and lower
respiratory tracts and bronchoalveolar lavagedifferential cell counts in feedlot calves treated for
respiratory disease. Can J Vet Res.56: 177-183.
5. Ames TR. (1997) Diary calf pneumonia. Vet Clin
NorthAm, food animal practice. 13: 379-391.
6. Andrews, A., Blowey, R.W, Boyd, H. (2004)Bovine
Medicine, Disease and Husbandry of Cattle. Secondedition. Blackwell Scientific London. PP. 286-293
and 860-873
7. Barbour, E.K., Nabbut, N.H., Hamadeh, S.K., et al.
(1997) Bacterial identity and characteristics in
healthy and unhealthy respiratory tracts of sheep andcalves. Vet Res Comm. 21: 421-430.
8. Becker, B.A., Nienaber, J.A., Deshazer, J.A., et al.
(1985) Effect of transportation on cortisol
concentrations and on the circadian rhythm of
cortisol in gilts. AmJ VetRes. 46:1457-9.
9. Biberstein, E.!., Chung, Zeey. (1990) Review of Vet
Microbiol. Black well Scientific Publications,
London. PP. 146-227.
10.Carter, GR., Cole, J.R. (1990) Diagnostic procedures
in veterinary bacteriology and mycology. 5thed.
Academic press, new York. PP. 129-139 and 346-366.
II. Dalgleish, R. (19 )0) Bovine pneumonic
pasteurellosis. Pract.l2: 223-226.
12.Friend, TH. (1991) Symposium response of animals
\01'
to stress, Behavioral aspects of stress. J Dairy Sci. 47:
292-303.
13. Gibbs, A. (2001) Practical approach to the control of
pneumonia in housed calves. Pract. 23: 3, 323-329.
14. Griffin, D. (1997) Economic impact associated with
respiratory disease in beef cattle. Vet Clin North Am
foodAnimPract.l3: 367-377.
15. Houghton, S.B., Gourlay, R.N. (1983) Synergism
between Mycoplasma bovi.," and Pasteurella
haemolytica in calf pneumonia. Vete Rec. 113: 2, 41-
42.
16.Howard, J.I.., Snrith, R.A. (2000) Current Veterinary
therapy. food animal practice, 4rd ed. W. B.
Saunders, Philadelphia. PP.437-471
17.Jeyaseelan, S., Sreevatsan, S., Maheswaran, S.K.
(2002) Role of Mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin
10 the pathogenesis of bovine pneumonic
pasteurellosis. Ann Health Res Rev. 3: 69-82.
18.Kelly, A.P., Janzen, E.D. (1986) A review of
morbidity and mortality rates and disease occurrence
in North American feedlot cattle. Can Vet J. 27: 496-
500.
19.Lekeux, P.(l995) Bovine respiratory disease
complex: an European perspective. Bovine Pract. 29:71-75.
20.Lopez, A.(2001)Respiratory system, thoracic cavity
and pleura. In Me Gavin MD, Carlton W.W,Zachary
J.F, editor's, Thomson's special veterinary pathology
3rd ed, Moby yearbook., St. Louis. PP. 125-170.
21.Maheswaran, S.K., Thumbikat, P., Dileepan, T
(2002) Current knowledge on pathogenesis of lung
injury caused by Mannheimia haemolytica and
Pasteurella multicida in the bovine. In proceedings.
XXII worldbuiatricscongress: 160-167.
22. Pringle, J.K., Viel, L., Shewen, P.E., et al. (1988)
Bronchoalveolar lavage of cranial and caudal lung
regions in selected normal calves, cellular,
microbiological, immunoglobulin, serological and
histological variables. Can J Vet Res. 52: 239-248.
23. Quinn, P.1., Carter, M.E., Markey, B., et al.(l994)
m
lor .. '.slA~J~l: t t...:.J.sjt l"","
Clin Vet Microbiol. Mosby-year book Europe
limited. PP. 13-21.497-627.254-258.
24. Reeve-Johnson, L. (2001) Relationships between
clinical and pathological signs of disease in calves
with Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica type AI.
VetRec. 149: 18,549-552
25-Van donkersgoed, J., Ribble bover, L.G, Townsend,
H.GG (1993) Epidemiologic study of enzootic
pneumonia in dairy calves in Saskatchewan. Can JVetRes. 57: 247-254.
26-Vestweber, J., Jean, GS. (l997)Bovine respiratory
disease update. Vet Clin North Am food Anim
Prac!.13: 3,367-429.
27.Virtala, M.K., Mechor, GO., Grohn. YT., et al.
(1996) Epidemiologic and pathologic characteristics
of respiratory tract disease in dairy heifers during thefirst three months of life. J Am Vet Moo Associ. 208:
12,2035-2042.
28.Weekley, L.B., Veit, H.P., Eyre, P. (1998) Bovine
pneumonic pasteurellosis. Part 1. Pathophysiology.
Compedium, 17,7: 974-982.20,1: 533-545.
$
(f)