External Forces, Lot Turn Over, and Urban Migration

Ludewigs, T., D’antona, A. de O., Brondízio, E.S., Hetrick, S. 2009. Agrarian Structure and Land Use Change along the Lifespan of Three Colonization Areas in the Brazilian Amazon. World Development (2009), 37(10)

1800~1910 1930-1970 1972-1979

1979-1986 1986-1991 1991-2001

From individual farm settlements to community formation

Guedes, G., S. M. Costa, and E. S. Brondizio. (2009) Population

and Environment

Local

Sub-regional,

Regional hierarchies

Services and Political functions of urban areas defining

the organization of the regional landscape

Dynamic regime shifting: Regional and sub-regional urban networks increasingly define the distribution of population, economic systems, vectors of expansion, overall regional landscape mosaic

Extractivist Economies and Municipal Underdevelopment

Science, (2009) 324: 1435-1437

Resource export economy:

Local demands, tele-connections and drivers of change

Source: IPAM

Examples: Acai palm fruit and Soybean

The globalization of acai fruit (Euterpe oleracea)

From localized to a regional forest-based economy (1985-2004) (Map derived from IBGE – SIDRA)*

2004 ~1985*

Brondizio, E. S. 2008. The Amazonian Caboclo and the Acai Palm: Forest farmers in the Global Market. New York: New York Botanical Garden Press. 402p.

Intensively managed Acai agroforestry and regional forest transition

0

20

40

60

80

100

Def pre-1969 Def 1970-85 Def 1985-91 Def 1991-95 Def 1995-00

Percen

tag

e o

f to

tal

defo

resta

tio

n

Riverine community 1Riverine community 2Riverine community 3Cooperative_upland community 1Cooperative_upland community 2Cooperative_upland community3Region, Ponta de Pedras area

Value added to açaí fruit and transformed products across commercialization venues

Adding value, 1 hectare production of acai fruit

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

Aça

izal

(fru

it) A

baet

etub

a, P

AA

çaiz

al (f

ruit)

P. P

edra

s, PA

Aca

izal

(fru

it) Il

has,

PAM

arke

t (fr

uit)

P. P

edra

s, PA

Aça

í typ

e A

(thi

ck) P

. Ped

ras,

PAA

çaí t

ype

B (m

ediu

m) P

. Ped

ras,

PA

Aça

í typ

e C

(thin

) P. P

edra

s, PA

Aça

í mar

ket,

mid

dlem

en, B

elem

, PA

Aça

í mar

ket,

brok

er, B

elem

, PA

Aça

í typ

e A

(thi

ck) B

elem

(low

Aça

í typ

e B

(med

ium

) Bel

em (l

owA

çaí t

ype

C (th

in) B

elem

(low

Aça

í typ

e A

(thi

ck) B

elem

Aça

í typ

e B

(med

ium

) Bel

em

Aça

í typ

e C

(thin

) Bel

em (h

.A

çaí t

ype

A (t

hick

) Mac

apa,

AP

Aça

í typ

e B

(med

ium

) Mac

apa,

AP

Aça

í typ

e C

(thin

) Mac

apa,

AP

Indu

stry

Bele

m/re

gion

, PA

(typ

e B/

CRe

taile

r pul

p Br

asili

a, D

FRe

taile

r jui

ce B

rasil

ia, D

F

Reta

iler p

ulp

Nat

al, R

NRe

taile

r jui

ce N

atal

, RN

Reta

iler p

ulp

Sao

Paul

o, S

PRe

taile

r jui

ce S

ao P

aulo

, SP

Reta

iler "

crea

m"

Sao

Paul

o, S

PRe

taile

r pul

p S.

J. C

ampo

s, SP

Reta

iler j

uice

S. J

. Cam

pos,

SPRe

taile

r "cr

eam

" S.

J. C

ampo

s, SP

Reta

iler p

ulp

R. d

e Ja

neiro

, RJ

Reta

iler j

uice

R. d

e Ja

neiro

, RJ

Reta

iler "

crea

m"

R. d

e Ja

neiro

, RJ

Indu

stria

lized

aça

í cre

am, S

ao P

aulo

,

Reta

iler p

ulp

Calif

orni

a, U

SARe

taile

r jui

ce C

alifo

rnia

, USA

US$

/ha

of fr

uit p

rodu

ctio

n

Main season Off-season

*

Brondizio, E. S. 2008. The Amazonian Caboclo and the Acai Palm: Forest farmers in the Global Market. New York: New York Botanical Garden Press. 402p.

Source: IPAM 2004

Case study: BR-163 / TransAmazon

Santarem, Belterra, Aveiros,

Placas, Ruropolis

Municipalities producing Soybean 1990 - 2005 (Map derived from IBGE – SIDRA)*

1990 2005

Global demands, national policies, regional impacts

Soybean expansion and Land Aggregation at a regional level

Land Aggregation and Community disappearance Pressure on urban areas Pressure on forest land Economic polarization