Extension’s engagement with the policy process: Policy ... · •Scientist –Panchayat linkage Mera Gaon Mera Gaurav •Panchayat-led integrated energy generation and management

EXTENSION’S ENGAGEMENT WITH THE POLICY PROCESS: POLICY PLANNING AT THE MOA&FW LEVEL

CHANDRE GOWDA M J

PRINCIPAL SCIENTIST

ICAR-ATARI BENGALURU

THIS SESSION…..

How policy changes happen?

Are policy makers looking for evidence and if so what type of evidence?

Are policy makers looking for evidence and if so what type of evidence?

1. HOW POLICY CHANGES HAPPEN?

• Think tanks and Commissions - NCF

• Parliamentary committees - PSA

• Seminars – National Seminar on AE 2009

• Stakeholders meets – Eg. PMFBY

• Working Groups – Planning Commission – 12th Plan - NMAE

• Donor agency influences – T&V, NATP-ATMA

• Political ideologies, other state experiences – NFSM

NATIONAL COMMISSION ON FARMERS : 2004-06NATIONAL POLICY ON FARMERS : 2007

• PM of India 2004: double annual foodgrain production from the present 210 million tonnes to 420 million

tonnes within the next 10 years - doubling the farm income

• Re-designating the Ministry of Agriculture as the ―Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare‖

• 2006-07 as the Year of Soil Health Enhancements

• Re-tool and re-equip all Soil Testing Laboratories

• provide each farm household with a Soil Health Card

• Credit and Insurance

• support the banking system for reducing the rate of interest for crop loans to 4%

• Crop Insurance cover to all farmers and all crops - PMFBY

• credit and insurance literacy through the Every Village a Knowledge Centre

NCF (2016) RECOMMENDS….

• Identify farm families from whom other farmers can learn (land to land transfer of

technology) - Farm Schools under ATMA

• Cadre of Rural Farm Science Managers to demystify BT and ICT

• Scientist – Panchayat linkage Mera Gaon Mera Gaurav

• Panchayat-led integrated energy generation and management movement

• Land use advice should be based on the quantity and quality of the available irrigation

water and temperature (interlinking of rivers)


• Train atleast one woman and one male member of every Panchayat(2.4 lakh x 2) to

become Members of a Bharat Nirman Corps (Officials Training under ATMA)

• Every Village a Knowledge Centre - a combination of the Internet/ cell phone and

community radio (CRS under ATMA)

• There is a huge potential of untapped yield enhancement in Eastern India (Bringing

Green Revolution in Eastern India)


• KVKs, should be developed into Krishi and Udyog Vigyan Kendra (Skill Development

Mission)

• Credit and knowledge flow should be synchronised in time and space - Farm

Schools, Kisan Credit Cards, Agri Clinics Agri Business Centres

• National Council of Innovative Farmers may be set up to provide a structured

opportunity for sustained scientist-farmer dialogue (ATMA Farmers Committees)

2. PARLIAMENTARY STANDING COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE (2014-2015)

SHRI HUKM DEO NARAYAN YADAV - CHAIRPERSON

• The Committee are concerned to note the quantum variation in the funds sought by the Department

and the actual allocation done by the Planning Commission/Ministry of Finance (GBS)

• Notwithstanding .. enhanced Plan Outlay of DAC to Rs.1,34,746 crore for the 12th FYP as against

Rs.66,577 crore for the 11th FYP , … yearly outlay 27,000 crore /annum,

• Keeping in view……agriculture is the livelihood for 54.6% populace of the country, allocation is woefully

insufficient.

• the percentage share of the DAC with respect to Total Central Plan stands at 1.21% in 2014- 15 vis-a-vis

1.71% in 2013-14

• …the Committee desire allocation as per planning and not planning as per allocation as is currently in

vogue.

PSA 2014-15…..

• The Committee observe.. lack of intent and concern for the farmers on the part of the Centre and

States in the implementation of the Modified National Agriculture Insurance Scheme (MNAIS) scheme at

field level.

• …provision of payment of claims on the basis of individual fields/farms due to calamities like

hailstorm, land slide and add on index cover under Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme (WBCIS).

• …insurance scheme is a welfare scheme and hence, its implementation should be done with care and in

perfect measures, so as to minimize its misuse and also to ensure its fruits to the deserving and entitled

persons.

• The incapacity or inadequacy of the States should not affect the implementation of the scheme.

• ….Lack of will on the part of the executive should not place the farmers at peril for no fault of theirs.

PSA 2014-2015…….

RECOMMENDATION

• Welcoming the increased private sector

investment in Agriculture Sector, the Committee

desire that this investment be done via the

Public Private Partnership (PPP) Mode and that

too in core agriculture areas. They would also

like to caution the Government to safeguard

the interests of our vulnerable farmers while

allowing increased private investment in this

sector.

GOVERNMENT RESPONSE• Besides, ―Public Private Partnership for Integrated Agriculture

Development (PPPIAD)‖ launched as a pilot scheme under

RKVY during 2012-13 …

• all major centrally sponsored schemes of the Ministry of

Agriculture have incorporated special provisions for promotion

and development of FPOs, which are identified as one of the

key strategies for achieving inclusive agricultural growth during

the Twelfth Plan. Member-based FPOs would act as aggregators

and provide greater bargaining power to producers, especially

smallholders, and enable their integration in the value

chain, generating higher incomes and employment.

PARLIAMENTARY STANDING COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE (2014-2015)

RECOMMENDATION

• …Rural people who have left agriculture

should be absorbed in agri-based

cottage/small-scale industries

• ..impart requisite training, so that they

continue their linkage with agriculture and

thus be saved from being exploited as

construction labourers in the urban areas.

GOVERNMENT RESPONSE

• Agriculture Skill Council of India

3. SEMINARS- NATIONAL SEMINAR ON AGRICULTURE EXTENSION, FEBRUARY 2009

• MOA, FICCI, CII, IFFCO, Private companies were partners

• 250 participants - Farmers, Farmers

Organizations, KVKs, SAUs, ICAR, State Bureaucracy, State

Department officials, NGOs, Planning Commission

• Policy on Producer Companies – National Policy on FPOs 2013

• Policy on Agriculture Knowledge Subsidy – money at the disposal of

farmers groups to buy knowledge – FPOs in Karnataka

• Policy on Agriculture Workers Extension – Labour First

• Policy on role of Panchayats in Extension

• Policy on broad based extension delivery – Convergence of ATMA

RKVY KVK

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Year

of Est

ablis

hm

ent

No. of FPOs

Registration of FPOs under Company Act

4. STAKEHOLDERS MEETS - PMFBY

• The major objection on the part of States in implementation of NCIP is the increase in premium rates under

MNAIS and WBCIS components.

• The Government is considering introduce a comprehensive insurance instrument

• Invited views of various stakeholders to evolve an acceptable insurance instrument to ensure farmers against

yield loss and price volatility.

• Hon‘ble Union Agriculture Minister wrote to the Chief Ministers/ Administrators of all the States/UTs

soliciting their suggestions in this regard.

• Three meetings convened in the Ministry with the State Governments /empanelled insurance companies and

other stakeholders to solicit their views.

• The suggestions examined with a view to develop an insurance product which would find acceptability with

farmers and insurance companies alike.

5. WORKING GROUPS – PLANNING COMMISSION

• 10 sub-groups

• National Mission on Agricultural Extension (NMAE)

• Integrated IT with agricultural extension

Launch a “National Extension Mission” which

converts all Schemes and Programmes into

Projects, involving all service providers, converging

all departments & ministries, with effective

delivery to double the crop yields & farmers

income

NMAE: SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS

• focus on sustainable small farm agriculture, especially in rainfed

areas, through integrated farming systems approach

• incorporating components of natural resource management

• minimizing external costs and

• maximizing realization through value addition

NMAE: SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS….

Convergence

• convergence of technologies - Farmers‘ portal as a single window access

• convergence of schemes and programmes through project approach to extension;

• institutional convergence at national and state level through cabinet sub-committees; and

• convergence at District level through ATMA GB & MC, and at Block level in BTTs.


• Knowledge driven growth to be facilitated by providing quality extension resources at cutting-edge level

along with critical mass of extension personnel

• Supplement public extension system with agri preneurs, trained input dealers;

• Extension efficiency and effectiveness by institutionalizing Farmers Friends at village level;

• capacity building through a network of Knowledge Centres like KVKs, Agriculture Research Stations;

• partnering with knowledge generators (public & private, formal & informal systems) and disseminate

through all channels including print & electronic media, farm journals, regular meets etc.;

• reaching out to and connecting farmers and stakeholders so that they communicate with each other; and

• test ITKs, identify farmer innovators, recognize their skills and leverage as farmer consultants


• mapping farming situations, yield gaps, yield variability;

• technology availability, adoption and impact directories and indices;

• indices of resource use efficiency;

• testing and certifying capacity of farmers, extension

functionaries, trainers, institutions; and

• monetization of agriculture wealth of the district


• Inclusive growth shall be achieved through

• development of difficult areas and disadvantaged groups of farmers

• index of variance\standard deviation of growth along with average growth

• disadvantaged index and matrix to capture various disadvantages for

prioritizing resource allocation by every sector


KVK

• Full potential of KVKs shall be harnessed for location, farmer and field constraint specific

best technology solutions independent of source of technology generation through

technology solutions and innovations project. The human resource and infrastructure of

SAU/ICAR/KVK and other institutions shall be utilized to organize large scale frontline

demonstrations of technology under field conditions which serve as training arena for

farmers & extension functionaries. Concept of Challenge Approach should be developed

and implemented to realize the full potential of decentralized approach


USE OF ICT

• Continuous contact with farmers shall be established to provide knowledge &

information, empower & facilitate them to demand & access services; redress their

concerns & grievances; and capture ground reality for use in policy making & improving

delivery through (a) farmers portal (b) Kissan Call Centres (c) Common Service Centres

(d) short message services (e) community radio stations etc.


• MANAGE, EEIs and SAMETIs have to be strengthened for aligning and linking all their

activities with the mission. These institutions shall develop linkages with institutions in

respective sectors eg NIRD for rural development, NAARM for research

management, National Police Academy for issues of LWV affected areas etc. An INSTA

Response Centre can also be established in MANAGE for foreseeing the foreseeable

events and situations, preparing plans, building capacity for tackling the same, capturing

them online and effecting instant response


• Leveraging youth for agriculture and generating employment in providing on and off farm

services through various interventions and programs needs priority attention. Pilot

testing the program of ‗full employment for youth in agriculture‘; developing concepts of

employment budgeting and employment mapping and designing technology modules have

to be complemented by an extension approach for attracting, stimulating and retaining

youth in agriculture. ―Jai Kisan‖ movement needs to be launched to mobilize every

societal unit and generate a national movement to support agriculture and give prestige

to farming through creating proper atmosphere (ARYA)


Food and Nutritional security

• Promote frugal household food and nutrition security through counseling farmwomen

and youth on scientific storage, processing & value addition, food & water quality, better

eating habits, maintain personal & kitchen hygiene etc. to leverage the preventive

healthcare properties of food for frugal health care. Similarly promote urban agriculture

for tackling food inflation, and promoting nutrition, livelihood and environmental security.

Shift from concept of greening to edible greening and landscaping to edible landscaping to

converge environment and food concerns


Centre for Agrarian Distress and Conflicts

• track, study and provide policy support to tackle distresses, such as suicides by farmers and

their indebtedness, farmers‘ agitations, violence and conflicts and other concerns through

action research projects, challenge projects and linkages with other institutions.

• Promote national outreach through long term extension projects in developing countries as

per policy at the field level.

6. POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES.. RIGHT TO FOOD

• recommendations of National Development Council(NDC) in its 53rd meeting held on

29th May, 2007, Government of India launched centrally Sponsored Scheme of National

Food Security Mission comprising rice, wheat and pulses to increase the production of

rice by 10 million tonnes, wheat by 8 mission tonnes and pulses to increase by 2 million

tonnes by the end of the 11th Plan (2011-12)

• General Council (GC) under the Chairmanship of Union Agriculture Minister oversees

the implementation of NFSM and takes policy decisions for Mid-Term corrections.

ARE POLICY MAKERS LOOKING FOR EVIDENCE AND IF SO WHAT TYPE OF EVIDENCE?

NCF 2006 – way forward for extension research

• A highly motivated and trained public extension system is essential to raise the

knowledge intensity of Indian agriculture.

• the average rate of return to investment in agricultural research was about 70 % - what

about RoR for Extension??

• Inefficiency is due to research programmes serving small ecologically- and politically-

defined markets

• A prerequisite for its effectiveness at various levels—the system, institute and project


• Women in agriculture……

• lack of organized empirical evidence and of key information on the negative impact of the

gender bias can help articulate the strategic gender aspect (NCF, 2006)

[VALUE] % Men

[VALUE] % Women

Proportion of men and women members in FPOs


• Participatory approaches…..

• How of achieving collaborative and collegiate

participation of farmers in TAR

• Economic analysis of trials and demonstrations : Farm

Schools vs FFS

• Performance criteria, the means of assessing against

these criteria


• Changing the mindset of extension personnel …… new extension methodologies and

approaches, supporting evidences

• ATMA takes into account the deficiencies of the T&V system and adopts a farming

systems approach to extension. If implemented in a manner that regards farm families as

partners and innovators and not just beneficiaries, ATMA will represent an improvement

over the earlier approaches to extension. The mindset of extension personnel should

change from patronage to genuine partnership (Lab to Land and Land to Lab)

(NCF, 2006)

ARE POLICY MAKERS LOOKING FOR EVIDENCE

NCF (2016) recommends….

• Market reform should begin with production planning

• develop a comprehensive, clean, equitable and farmer centric model agreement, which

cannot be abused against the farmers

• clauses dealing with quality standards, withdrawal conditions, pricing standards, paying

arrangements, acts of God clauses and arbitration mechanism

EXPERIENCE WITH PROVIDING POLICY RELEVANT EVIDENCE?

Kisan Call Centre: number of call centre

agents, peak hour services, preference for

subject matter specialists

Farmers / farm women / Commodity Groups

Kisan Call Centre

Common Service CentreQuery answered

Level-II Expert (SAU)

Level III / Nodal officer

Block level Officer

State level Officer

District level Officer

KVK

SAU

If Query not

answered or not

related to L-II

Th

rou

gh

po

st o

r call-b

ack

Query forwarded, to be replied in 2-3 days

Query escalated, to be replied in

one week

Query escalated, to be replied in

1-2 weeks

Existing Call-Escalation

MatrixExtended Call-Escalation

Matrix

KISAN CALL CENTRE 13.32 million calls till Nov.2013

KKMS

Call conferencing

with Level-II

IMPACT ASSESSMENT, 3RD PARTY EVALUATION..

• NFSM for XI Plan by Agricultural Finance Corporation Limited.

• During XI plan,

• wheat production 75.81 m t to 94.88 m t i.e. 19 m t target of 8 m t

• rice production 93.36 m t to 105.31 m t i.e.12 m t

• pulses production 14.20 m t to 17.09 m t i.e.3 m t.

• These details are normally available in the annual reports, evaluation research needs to be

more inquisitive….. Invisible, unexpected, cross-cultural…

THANK YOU

Documents

Extension’s engagement with the policy process: Policy ... · •Scientist –Panchayat linkage Mera Gaon Mera Gaurav •Panchayat-led integrated energy generation and management