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Exploring iin Modules, Module 7
Module 7Infancy and Childhood
Exploring iin Modules, Module 7
Physical Development
• Brain Development– Maturation and Infant Memory
• Cant remember: neural connections are few
• Hardware and software are getting put in.
• Motor Development– Maturation of nervous system
Exploring iin Modules, Module 7
Cerebral Cortex Sections
Cognitive Development
How we learn & What we are capable to learn
Exploring iin Modules, Module 7
Exploring iin Modules, Module 7
Cognitive Development
• Piaget’s Theory and Current Thinking– Sensorimotor Stage– Preoperational Stage– Concrete Operational Stage– Formal Operational Stage
General Observations
• Schema
• Accommodating
• Cognition
Exploring iin Modules, Module 7
Exploring iin Modules, Module 7
Pouring Experience into Mental Modes
Sensorimotor
• Out of sight = out of mind (no object permanence).
• By 8 months this starts to change.
Exploring iin Modules, Module 7
Exploring iin Modules, Module 7
Baby Mathematics
Preoperational Stage
• Conservation of volume is out.
• Ego-centric
• “Theory of mind”
Exploring iin Modules, Module 7
Concrete Operational Stage
• Conservation is in now.
Exploring iin Modules, Module 7
Formal Operational
• The what if questions can be addressed.
• Reasoning is developed.
Exploring iin Modules, Module 7
Reflecting on Piaget
Developmental stages are universalSequencing is correct.Good lessons for parents and teachers.
×We grow continuously, not in stages.
×Children begin a subsequent stage earlier than Piaget thought.
Exploring iin Modules, Module 7
Exploring iin Modules, Module 7
Exploring iin Modules, Module 7
An Impossible Object
Social Development
• Stranger anxiety:– Brain, mind, social-
emotional behavior develop together
Exploring iin Modules, Module 7
• Origins of Attachment– Body Contact
• Harlow’s Mothers
– Familiarity• Critical period
• Rigid attachment = imprinting
– Responsive Parenting• Relaxed and attentive
mothers.
Exploring iin Modules, Module 7
Exploring iin Modules, Module 7
Infants’ Distress Over Separation from Parents
Exploring iin Modules, Module 7
• Effects of Attachment– Secure Attachment Predicts Social Competence
• See Erik Erickson: basic trust
– Deprivation of Attachment• Legacy of Harlow’s monkeys
Child-Rearing Practices
Authoritarian Parents Permissive Parents
Exploring iin Modules, Module 7
Authoritative Parents
Exploring iin Modules, Module 7
Exploring iin Modules, Module 7
Exploring iin Modules, Module 7
Authoritative Parenting and Social Competence
What your baby needs to be smart:
① Month 1: Eliminate background distractions.
② Months 1-3: Emphasize contrasts.
③ Months 3-5: Use pictures of baby’s real world objects
④ Months 6-7: Emphasize cause/effect, locations of things, and functions.
Exploring iin Modules, Module 7
⑤ Months7-8: Emphasize sound to signal an event.
⑥ Months 9-12: Explore motor and sensory skills and how they combine.
⑦ Months 13-18: Explore objects in the environment. Diversify it.
Exploring iin Modules, Module 7
