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Why did Europeans travel to Asia?
1. God: wanted to convert the natives to Christianity
2. Glory: wanted a spirit of adventure
3. Gold: find spices & silks without paying Arab & Italian merchants; become
wealthy
New Innovations that made exploration possible
Compass: showed the direction
Astrolabe: used the sun to get a ship’s latitude
Lateen (triangular) sails: ships could sail into the wind
Exploration and Expansion
What impact did European expansion have on the conquerors and the conquered?
1. Plantations were established in the new colonies
2. Columbian Exchange began: exchange of plants & animals between the Old and
New Worlds – advance the economies of both worlds
3. Increase in international trade
Explorers/Discovery
1. Marco Polo2. Christopher
Columbus3. John Cabot4. Amerigo Vespucci5. Juan Ponce de Leon6. Hernan Cortes7. Ferdinand Magellan8. Samuel de Champlain 9. Henry Hudson10. Zheng He
1. Asia2. Bahamas, Cuba,
Hispaniola3. New England coastline4. South American coast5. Florida6. Mexico7. Sailed around the world8. Great Lakes & Quebec9. Hudson River & Bay10. SE Asia, India, East Africa
Africa in an Age of Transition
Economic/Political Causes Market for African
slaves in the Middle East
Planting of sugarcane in the New World
Demand for slaves increased
Economic/Political Effects Depopulation in
some areas Increased warfare
and violence
Triangular trade
Europe Sail to West Africa with iron, cloth, weapons
Africa Trade their goods for the slaves; travel along
the Middle Passage to the Americas
Americas Slaves would be traded for sugar, molasses,
tobacco, fish, flour, wood, indigo, iron & taken back to Europe to be made into manufactured goods
Triangular Trade Route (know this)
Africa: goods traded for slaves
Middle Passage
Americas: slaves shipped here & sold,
merchants bought tobacco, molasses, sugar,
raw cotton & went back to Europe
Europe: carried goods (guns & cloth)
to Africa:
Southeast Asia in the Era of the Spice Trade
How did the power shift from the Portuguese to the Dutch in the control of
the spice trade?
Dutch came to SE Asia & pushed the Portuguese out because they had
more money. Dutch merchants also pushed out English traders.