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Age of Exploration
Age of Exploration
During the renaissance period Europe experienced a rebirth in knowledge. One of the results was exploration. The inventions and uses of the caravel, a new type of ship, and the sextant, a tool to follow the stars, plus the realization that the world was not flat encouraged countries to send sailors to trade with other places.
“In 1492 Columbus sailed the ocean blue.”
Cristobol Colon ( Christopher Columbus), born in Genoa, Italy sailed under the Spanish flag for the monarchs, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella.
Columbus sailed west to get to the east meaning India
On October 12,1492 three ships La Nina, La Pinta, La Santa Maria discovered San Salvador, an island in the Bahamas.
Columbus named it San Salvador because it saved their lives.
Columbus named the natives Indians because he thought he had discovered India. Columbus NEVER set foot in North America.
Columbus did make it to South and Central America.
Cuba became the capital of New Spain.
Columbus Questions!!
New Expeditions were sent out in 1519 to explore South, Central America and North America.
Great wealth was found in South and Central America
No Gold found in North America
The men that were sent to explore were called Conquistadores (conquerors) and friars (priest).
The 3 “G”s God, Gold and Glory
Conquistadors wanted to find new land to expand their country’s empire.
They wanted to spread the word of God
Wealth for their country. Gold, Spices, Furs, Silk!!
AND get the Glory!
Central America had gold & silver. Hernando Cortesconquered the Aztec Empire led by Montezuma in the capital of Tenochtitlan
South America had gold and silver. Francisco Pizarroconquered the Incas
Quick Review Questions!
The Spaniards had steel, gunpowder, horses and diseases that help destroy vast civilizations.
What kind of impact do you think
steel, gunpowder,
horses and diseases will have on the new world?
Also in 1519, an expedition was sent to NorthAmerica to map the Gulf of Mexico.
It was led by
Alonso Pineda.
He reported
seeing giants
and large
amount of gold.
He stayed at Rio
de Las Palmas
(Rio Grande).
In 1528, a new expedition led by Panfilo de Narvaez,better known as the unlucky explorer, was sent to North America.
In an earlier unsuccessful attempt to overthrow Cortes, an eyeball was plucked out. The Spanish now referred to him as Narvaez, the Unlucky.
He was given 4 ships, 400 men, 82 horses. His assignment was to follow Pineda’s route, but Narvaez went inland (Florida) against the advice of his treasurer Cabeza de Vaca.
After a few month he only had 200 men and no horses left.
He found no gold, but hunger, disease and Indians killed his men. They built 5 rafts and set sail to Rio de Las Palmas.
Only 80 men will make it to Isla Malhado (Galveston Island). By the spring of 1529, only 16 were left and they became slaves to the Karankawa Indians. Within 5 years only 4 would still be alive. The most famous was Cabeza de Vaca and Esteban a Moorish slave.
The 4 men were eventually set free because Cabeza de
Vaca was thought to be a shaman. The 4 men made it
back to Mexico City, the new capital of New Spain
Why did Cabeza de Vaca and Esteban get set free?
They reported: Humped back cows, hearing of golden cities and the indescribable.
They Viceroy (governor) wanted Cabeza de Vaca to return but he said NO!
Esteban was forced to return to North America because he was a Moorish slave.
1539
The viceroy appointed a friar, Fray Marcos de Niza to lead the expedition into the Northern lands with Estaban as the guide. They were looking for the Seven Cities of Cibola or better known as the Seven cities of Gold or El Dorado.
Legend of the Crosses
Fray Marcos sent Esteban up ahead to check things out. Fray Marcos gave Esteban a way to report his findings.
= Little gold
=Medium gold
=Big gold
According to legend a big cross came back to Fray Marcos. When the priest got to the place in New Mexico he found that Esteban was dead.
What he saw in the distance created the story of the 7 great golden cities.
What did he see? An adobe village at sunset.
What tribe? Zuni-Pueblo culture.
Fray Marcos returned to New Spain and told of the great golden cities.
Why does Fray Marcos return to Mexico City saying he found a golden city?
1540-A huge expedition to Cibola was assembled by a 29 year old blond hair blue eyed Spaniard. Francisco Coronado led 300 Spaniards, 1,000 Indians, 1,000 horses and 600 pack animals and cattle, sheep, goats, and hogs.
There were 6 bronze cannons and several dozen crossbowmen. Everyone knew the leader Coronado because he wore golden armor.
The Spanish won due to better weapons and armor.
Fray Marcos was sent home in disgrace.
Why?
Coronado sent out 2 expeditions-one to the
east and one to the west.
West-Cardenas found the Grand Canyon.
East- Alvarado found Tiguex and heard stories of great wealth to the east. Coronado went east.
When Coronado got to the
Tiguex village, a slave told a
story of Gran Quivira where the leader of that country took his nap under a tree on which hung a great number of golden bells
which put him to sleep as they
swung in the wind.
Coronado took El Turco the slave
with him as a guide to Quivira.
They crossed the Panhandle of Texas and
saw Palo Duro Canyon.
They named the plains of Texas Llano Estacado (Staked Plains).
What physical feature did Coronado see in the TX Panhandle?
They observed the first Thanksgiving with a group of Indians who helped them in 1542, 80 years before the Pilgrims.
They made it to Kansas. Coronado had El Turco’s tongue cut out and then executed.
Coronado’s recommendation about Texas was Don’t GO BACK!
NO Gold
NO Silver
NO POINT!!!!
Why do you think Coronado had El Turco’s tongue cut out?
Why does Coronado say not to return to Texas?
1540-Another expedition was sent from Florida led by Hernando de Soto. He discovered the Mississippi R.
When he died Moscoso took over and made it to east Texas.
He saw bubbling black stuff coming out of the ground (oil). He said it was good to keep the torches going.
They found NO GOLD.
He recommended DON’T GO BACK!
Review Questions
What river did de Soto discover for the Spanish?
What does Moscoso discover in east Texas?
Why does Moscoso say Don’t Go Back?
1598-Juan de Onate established El Paso del
Norte a shallow crossing in the Rio Grande.
It’s important because its on the way to Santa Fe, New Mexico. He recommended DON’T GO BACK!
Review Questions!
What did Onate discover? Why is it important?
In 1685 the French landed at Matagorda Bay. They missed the mouth of the Mississippi River. They were led by Rene Robert Cavalier Sieur de La Salle.
La Salle established Fort Saint Louis. After 2 years only 40 colonist were left.
He took 12 men and marched toward the Mississippi River to try to bring back help.
La Salle’s men mutinied and killed La Salle.
French in Texas
La BelleWhat happened to the colonist?
Died from Disease and Karankawa attacks
Why did the Spanish suddenly want Texas after the recommendation was don’t go back?
