Teaching Science in Three Methods to a Group of Subjects Using the Single Group Design

Singlegroup Design. This involves a single treatment with two or more levels.

Example: An investigator/researcher wants to determine the effectiveness of the different methods of farming.Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is used to determine the significant difference of the harvest of farmers (subjects/respondents).

Farming in Three Methods to a Group of farmers Using the Single Group DesignSubjects/FarmerR E S U L T S Number of Cavan of Rice Method 1Method 2Method 3123452. Two- group Design. The comparable groups are employed as experimental and control groups.

Example: A researcher wants to determine the effectiveness of fertilizer using the organic and inorganic fertilizer, the control group (inorganic fertilizer), and experimental group (organic fertilizer). The t-test is used to determine the effectiveness of fertilizer using the inorganic (control) and the organic(experimental).Two-Group DesignGroup Number of FruitsMean (X)Control Group(Inorganic)x x x x x xX1Experimental Group (Organic)x x x x x xX23. Two-pair group Design. This design is an elaboration of the two-group design wherein there are two experimental groups and two control groups.

Example: An investigator wishes to study the acceptability, fragrance and economics of a bath soap of dove, camay, when added to water. The t-test is used to determine the significant difference.

3. Two-Pair Group Design

Acceptability on the Brand of Soap With and Without Water Panelist Brand of SoapControl Group(Without Water)Experimental Group(With Water)DoveCamayDoveCamay123454. Parallel-group Design. This is a design in which two or more groups are used at the same time with only one single variable (control group) manipulated or changed. The experimental group varies while the parallel group serves as control for comparative purposes.

Example: An investigator wishes to determine the effectiveness of organic and inorganic fertilizer. There is one group using inorganic fertilizer(control) and two group using organic fertilizer (experimental).Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is the tool to be used in determining the effectiveness of the fertilizer.

4. Parallel-group Design

Scores of SubjectsControl Group(Inorganic Fertilizer)Experimental Group(Organic Fertilizer)112xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx5. Pretest-Posttest Design. This design involves the experimental group and the control group which are carefully selected through randomization procedures. Both groups are given pretest at the beginning of the school year and posttest at the end of the school year.

The mean scores of the pretest and posttest of the control and experimental groups are evaluated by using the t-test of correlated means.

5. Pretest-Posttest DesignGroup Means of the Tests (X) PretestPosttestControl Group(Traditional)X1X2Experimental Group (Modern)X1X26. Counterbalanced or Latin Square Design. This design is also called rotational design. It involves an exchange of two or more treatments taken by the subjects during experiment. The arrangement employed in this design is Latin square in which each variable is a form of square occurring once in each row or column. This is also called quasi-experimental design.

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is used as a tool.

6. Counterbalance or Latin Square Design Using Four Methods of Teaching by Four InstructorsMethodsInstructorsI1I2I3I4M1S1S2S3S4M2S2S3S4S1M3S3S4S1S2M4S4S1S2S37. Randomized Complete Block Design. This designed in which a group of test plants or animals is studied only once but subsequent treatment is applied to determine the cause of change. There is no control in this design but the subjects will undergo randomization procedures.

Example: there is a significant difference in the treatment of pellets as supplement feed upon the yield of prawn (sugpo) cultured in the fishpond. He uses 300 pieces of prawn fry and three compartments in the pond. The 300 pieces of prawn fry are place at random. Of the 300 pieces of prawn fry, 100 are placed in each compartment. The weight of the prawn in each compartment should be observed carefully and ecological parameters such as pH, sanity and oxygen, should be taken into consideration. Different levels or proportion of pellets are applied as supplemental feed in each compartment.

7. Randomized Complete Block Design

Randomized Complete Block Design Sample of Cultivating Milkfish in the Fishpond Using Fish meal, Bread meal, and Ipil-Ipil Leaves as Supplement FeedsTreatmentReplications Weight of the Fish (kg)123T1T2T3T4TreatmentReplications Length of the Fish (cm) 123T1T2T3T48. Correlational Design. It is used to determine the relationship between two dependent variables (X and Y) on how they are manipulated by the independent variables.

Example: to determine the weight and length relationship of cultured group in a concrete tank using fishmeal as supplemental feed. Fishmeal is the independent variable and weight (X) and length (Y) of a cultured group are dependent variables.

8. Correlational Design

Correlational Design Sample of a Cultured group of Fish Using Supplemental Feed as to Determine the Weight and LengthIndependent Variables(Fish Meal)Dependent Variables Weight(kg)Length(cm)BreadIpil-Ipil Leaves