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Experience of Turkey in introducing total ban on smoking in (enclosed) public spaces. Prof. Nazmi Bilir MD Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine Department of Public Health [email protected]. CONGRATULATIONS BULGARIA. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Experience of Turkey in introducing total ban on smoking
in (enclosed) public spaces
Prof. Nazmi Bilir MDHacettepe University Faculty of Medicine
Department of Public [email protected]
We win!Dear all,Let me share with you our celebration on the smoking ban accepted today, on theMay 17th 2012, by the National Assembly of Bulgaria. The Parliament accepted thetotal smoking ban on public places including working places, stadiums, open air kindergarten, schools and school hostels, summer theaters and cinemas. Ourbattle was a hard one because the strong resistance on the behalf of the Tobacco Industry supporters, incl. restaurants, bars, café etc. owners. After “stormy”public debates and various activities performed by the NGO’s Coalition SmokelessBulgaria the dream of many generations outstanding Bulgarian people came true.About 600 health inspectors are in due to control the observing the low. Now wecan celebrate! Please join us!
Kind regards
Prof. Liliana Tsoneva-Pentcheva, PhDChair, Association Women Against Tobacco-Bulgaria1000 Sofia 22a Dondukov Blvd.BulgariaTel: +359 2 898 8030 Fax: +359 2 9819009
CONGRATULATIONS BULGARIA
History of Tobacco in Turkey
• Turkey is a tobacco producing country– Major economic activity – Providing 4% of world production 1.7%
• State-owned tobacco monopoly: TEKEL – No advertisement, no interest of market expansion
• Smoking is common – Particularly among men
• No restriction (until 1996)– “smoke everywhere”
History of TC Activities in Turkey – phase 1/3
Before 1980’s
(before foreign tobacco companies’ attack)
1980’s to 1996 (Law No. 4207) and 2008
1984-1986-1991-1995-2002 – 2008
2008 – Future challenges
(hospitality industry --- tobacco industry)
• 1601 – entrance of tobacco into Turkey
– British sailors
• 17. c. İbrahim ef. (chief medical officer) –
some efforts – unsuccessful
• 17. c: complete ban Murat 4th.“concern; fire”
• 1874 – tobacco cultivation started in Turkey
Before “Republic of Turkey”
First phase – Before 1980’s
• 1924 establishment of “TEKEL” (state monopoly)First Anti-Tobacco Law initiative• 13.12.1926: proposal by Dr. Fuat (MP):
– Smoking and drinking of children is forbidden– Tobacco products shall not be sold to minors– Those who violate this prohibition shall be fined from
5 to 50 TL. (repeated violation; jail for 2 months)
not accepted by the Parliament
Some relevant publications
• Besim Ömer Akalın (founder of MCH services, dean of med. school)
Mükeyyifat ve Müskirattan Tütün, 1888 (Tobacco as pleasurable substance)
• Osman Şerafettin Çelik
Tütünün Kalp Üzerine Tesiri, 1936 (Tobacco, effects on heart)
• Peyami Safa
Sigara, Gözlerimiz ve Ruhumuz, 1938 (Smoking, our eyes and our spirit)
• Fahrettin Kerim Gökay – physician, Mayor of İstanbul
Gençlik ve Tütün İptilası, 1942 (Youth and tobacco dependence)
• Sadi Irmak – Prof of medicine, Minister of Health
Okullarda Sigara Yasağı, 1942 (Smoking ban at schools)
• Mazhar Osman Uzman – founder of modern psychiatry
Tütün; Bilhassa Marazi Tesirleri, 1942 (Tobacco, harmful effects)
History of TC Activities in Turkey – phase 2 / 3
Before 1980’s
(before foreign tobacco companies’ attack)
1980’s to 1996 (Law No. 4207) and 2008
1984-1986-1991-1995-2002 – 2008
2008 – Future challenges
(hospitality industry --- tobacco industry)
Changing economic system
• Early 1980’s
• “Liberal” economic system
• Privatization of TEKEL
• Reduction of tobacco production
• Tobacco importation started ---- increased
• Selling TEKEL to foreign tobacco industry
• Development of tobacco control law
New Laws
• 1984: importation of “foreign” cigarettes– by TEKEL
• 1986: importation by “private” companies– Abolishing of TEKEL’s right of importation
• 1991: establishment of cigarette producing factories by multinational industry – Joint establishment by national companies
Advertisements started
Tobacco use increased
Cigarette sales, Turkey, 1925-2011
102% increase betwen 1980 – 2000
Hospital admissions due to lung cancer, 1964–2004
Lung Cancer Cases, Hospital Admissions, Turkey, 1964-2004
1222 1614 20184363
687811324
1844221729
52865
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
1964 1969 1974 1979 1984 1989 1994 1999 2004
Number
Hospital admissions due to coronary heart disease, 1964–2004
6628 1286526207
77022
198113
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
1964 1974 1984 1994 2004
Number
Hospital admissions due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 1964–200420519
42774 50305
97569
211545
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
1964 1974 1984 1994 2004
Number
Multinational tobacco companies
decreased “domestic” production and
increased “imported” tobacco
Tobacco Production in Turkey
production decreased ---- importation increased
Years 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Number of tobacco farmers (x1000) 622 568 583 478 405 318 282 252 215 207
Production area (x1000 ha) 278 270 237 199 199 184 193 185 146 145
Production (x1000 ton) 202 244 204 150 160 112 134 135 98 80
Tobacco import
(x1000 ton)
42(1988 0.6) 49 62 50 56 55 57 67 66 63
Phillip Morris
41%
British American Tobacco
33%
Japan Tobacco
18%
Imperial Tobacco
4%
European Tobacco
3%
Korean Tobacco
1%
Market shares of Tobacco Companies, Turkey
TEKEL was owned by BAT in 2008
No “Turkish” cigarettes on the market.
All cigarettes belong to “multinationals”