EXPANSION AND REFORMEXPANSION AND REFORMGPS 13, CHS. 16-18GPS 13, CHS. 16-18

SSUSH13 The student will identify major efforts to reform American SSUSH13 The student will identify major efforts to reform American society and politics in the Progressive Era. society and politics in the Progressive Era.

a. Explain Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle and federal oversight of the a. Explain Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle and federal oversight of the meatpacking industry. meatpacking industry.

b. Identify Jane Addams and Hull House and describe the role of women in b. Identify Jane Addams and Hull House and describe the role of women in reform movements. reform movements.

c. Describe the rise of Jim Crow, Plessy v. Ferguson, and the emergence of c. Describe the rise of Jim Crow, Plessy v. Ferguson, and the emergence of the NAACP. the NAACP.

d. Explain Ida Tarbell’s role as a muckraker. d. Explain Ida Tarbell’s role as a muckraker. e. Describe the significance of progressive reforms such as the initiative, e. Describe the significance of progressive reforms such as the initiative,

recall, and referendum; direct election of senators; reform of labor laws; recall, and referendum; direct election of senators; reform of labor laws; and efforts to improve living conditions for the poor in cities.and efforts to improve living conditions for the poor in cities.

EXPANSION AND REFORM: THE EXPANSION AND REFORM: THE PROGRESSIVE ERAPROGRESSIVE ERA

TOPICSTOPICS 1. PROGRESSIVES - REFORMERS1. PROGRESSIVES - REFORMERS 2. PROGRESSIVE REFORM (PAST EXS., J. 2. PROGRESSIVE REFORM (PAST EXS., J.

ADDAMS, S. GOMPERS)ADDAMS, S. GOMPERS) 3. STRUGGLE FOR EQUAL RIGHTS FOR 3. STRUGGLE FOR EQUAL RIGHTS FOR

BLACKSBLACKS

EXPANSION AND REFORM: EXPANSION AND REFORM: PROGRESSIVE ERAPROGRESSIVE ERA

1.PROGRESSIVE ERA- period of reform which 1.PROGRESSIVE ERA- period of reform which lasted from the 1890s to the 1920's.lasted from the 1890s to the 1920's.

2. Responding to the changes brought about by 2. Responding to the changes brought about by industrialization, the industrialization, the ProgressivesProgressives advocated a wide advocated a wide range of economic, political, social, and moral range of economic, political, social, and moral reforms.reforms.

3.Reforms included the 3.Reforms included the income taxincome tax with the with the Sixteenth AmendmentSixteenth Amendment, , direct election of Senatorsdirect election of Senators with the with the Seventeenth AmendmentSeventeenth Amendment, , ProhibitionProhibition with with the the Eighteenth AmendmentEighteenth Amendment, and , and women's suffragewomen's suffrage through the through the Nineteenth AmendmentNineteenth Amendment to the U.S. to the U.S. Constitution. Constitution.

PROGRESSIVE ERA, LATE 1800S PROGRESSIVE ERA, LATE 1800S TO 1920TO 1920

4. Progressives moved to enable the citizenry 4. Progressives moved to enable the citizenry to rule more directly. to rule more directly.

REFORMERS, MUCKRAKERSREFORMERS, MUCKRAKERS 1. MUCKRAKERS: REFORMERS WHO 1. MUCKRAKERS: REFORMERS WHO

EXPOSED THE “DIRT” IN POLITICS, EXPOSED THE “DIRT” IN POLITICS, LABOR, AND BIG BUSINESSLABOR, AND BIG BUSINESS

2. A 2. A muckrakermuckraker is an individual who seeks to is an individual who seeks to expose or reveal the real or apparent expose or reveal the real or apparent corruption of businesses or governments to the corruption of businesses or governments to the public. public.

FAMOUS MUCKRAKERSFAMOUS MUCKRAKERS 1. UPTON SINCLAIR1. UPTON SINCLAIR 2. IDA TARBELL2. IDA TARBELL

FAMOUS MUCKRAKERSFAMOUS MUCKRAKERS The JungleThe Jungle is a is a 19061906 novel novel

written by written by authorauthor and and socialistsocialist journalistjournalist Upton SinclairUpton Sinclair. It was . It was written about the corruption of the written about the corruption of the AmericanAmerican meatpacking industry meatpacking industry during the early 20th century. The during the early 20th century. The novel depicts in harsh tones the novel depicts in harsh tones the povertypoverty, absence of social , absence of social programs, unpleasant living and programs, unpleasant living and working conditions, and working conditions, and hopelessness prevalent among the hopelessness prevalent among the "have-nots", which is contrasted "have-nots", which is contrasted with the deeply rooted with the deeply rooted corruptioncorruption on the part of the "haves". on the part of the "haves".

UPTON SINCLAIRUPTON SINCLAIR

UPTON SINCLAIRUPTON SINCLAIR 1. Reform efforts, 1. Reform efforts,

coupled with the public coupled with the public outcry, led to the outcry, led to the passage of the passage of the Meat Inspection ActMeat Inspection Act and and the the Pure Food and Drug ActPure Food and Drug Act of 1906 of 1906, which established the , which established the Food and Drug AdminisFood and Drug Administrationtration. .

The Jungle, 1906The Jungle, 1906

IDA TARBELIDA TARBEL 1. She was known as one of the 1. She was known as one of the

leading "muckrakers" of her day, leading "muckrakers" of her day, work known in modern times in work known in modern times in the progressive era as the progressive era as "investigative journalism." She "investigative journalism." She wrote many notable magazine wrote many notable magazine series and biographies. She is series and biographies. She is best-known for her 1904 book best-known for her 1904 book The History of the Standard Oil The History of the Standard Oil Company.Company.

2. Exposed political corruption 2. Exposed political corruption and unfair business practices by and unfair business practices by Standard OilStandard Oil

3. Result: U.S. govt broke up 3. Result: U.S. govt broke up Standard Oil TrustStandard Oil Trust

PROGRESSIVE REFORMSPROGRESSIVE REFORMS 1. GOALS RELATED TO IMPROVING 1. GOALS RELATED TO IMPROVING

PEOPLE’S LIVESPEOPLE’S LIVES 1)PROTECTING SOCIAL WELFARE1)PROTECTING SOCIAL WELFARE 2)PROMOTING MORAL IMPROVEMENT2)PROMOTING MORAL IMPROVEMENT 3)CREATING ECONONIC REFORM3)CREATING ECONONIC REFORM 4)FOSTERING EFFICIENCY4)FOSTERING EFFICIENCY

REFORM, EXAMPLESREFORM, EXAMPLES 1. HULL HOUSE, JANE ADDAMS1. HULL HOUSE, JANE ADDAMS 2. 2. ELECTION REFORMSELECTION REFORMS 1) 1) INITIATIVEINITIATIVE-VOTERS FORCE A VOTE -VOTERS FORCE A VOTE

ON AN ISSUE BY COLLECTING ON AN ISSUE BY COLLECTING SIGNATURES SIGNATURES

2)SUPPORT FOR INITIATIVE RESULTS IN 2)SUPPORT FOR INITIATIVE RESULTS IN REFERENDUMREFERENDUM, A VOTE, A VOTE

3)3)RECALLRECALL, REMOVING PUBLIC , REMOVING PUBLIC OFFICIAL FROM OFFICEOFFICIAL FROM OFFICE

REFORM, EXAMPLESREFORM, EXAMPLES 4)DIRECT ELECTION OF U.S. SENATORS, 4)DIRECT ELECTION OF U.S. SENATORS,

AMENDMENT 17 TO USCAMENDMENT 17 TO USC

RIGHTS FOR BLACK RIGHTS FOR BLACK AMERICANSAMERICANS

1. BLACKS, DENIED RIGHTS1. BLACKS, DENIED RIGHTS 2. SEGREGATION AND RACIAL 2. SEGREGATION AND RACIAL

DISCRIMINATION PRACTICED WITH JIM DISCRIMINATION PRACTICED WITH JIM CROW LAWSCROW LAWS

3. SCOTUS AFFIRMED SEGREGATION WITH 3. SCOTUS AFFIRMED SEGREGATION WITH PLESSY V. FERGUSON CASE.PLESSY V. FERGUSON CASE.

1)SEPARATE BUT EQUAL, LAWFUL1)SEPARATE BUT EQUAL, LAWFUL 4. RESULT: FOUNDING OF NAACP4. RESULT: FOUNDING OF NAACP 5. NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE 5. NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE

ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLEADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE