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Expanding Public Education
Ch.8 section 2
Public EducationWilliam Torrey Harris
◦Public school reformer◦Believed education should prepare students for
employment and participation in a democratic society
Schools for children◦State laws required between 12-16 weeks of school
per year for children ages 8 to 14High Schools
◦Over ½ million students by 1900◦Curriculum now included science, civics, and social
studies
Public EducationRacial Discrimination
◦Black Americans were mostly excluded from secondary education
◦Those who did attend went to private schoolsImmigrants
◦Encouraged to go to school for the purposes of assimilation
◦Catholics set up their own school because public schools had children read from the King James version of the Bible
◦Henry Ford offered classes to his workers in English language and American government and culture
Changes in Universities
Industrial development changed the nation’s educational needs
Research universities emerged◦Courses included language, physical science,
psychology, sociology, law, and medicineSome colleges used entrance exams while
others accepted a high school diploma
African American Higher EducationHoward, Atlanta, and Fisk Universities
opened between 1865 and 1868Booker T. Washington
◦ believed racism would end once blacks acquired skills and proved their usefulness to society
◦Headed Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute- agricultural, mechanical, domestic
W.E.B. Du Bois founded the Niagara Movement which insisted that blacks should seek liberal arts education