EXPANDED F REPORT TM - Holland CSD · written approval by EMSL. EMSL bears no responsibility for sample collection activities or analytical method limitations. Interpretation and

103 Canada St.

Holland, NY 14080

Phone:716-537-8261

Holland CSD

Prepared Exclusively For

EXPANDED FUNGAL REPORT TM

Environmental Testing Cert #2845.24

Report Date: 9/20/2018

Holland Middle SchoolProject:

141805069EMSL Order:

This report has been prepared by EMSL Analytical, Inc. at the request of and for the exclusive use of the client named in this

report. Completely read the important terms, conditions, and limitations that apply to this report.

Page 1 of 34

© 2006,EMSL Analytical, Inc., All rights reserved. No part of this report may be reproduced or otherwise distributed or used without the express written consent of EMSL.

Test Report EXMold-7.50.2 Printed: 9/20/2018 02:46:56PM

EMSL Analytical, Inc.490 Rowley Road Depew, NY 14043Phone: (716) 651-0030 Fax: (716) 651-0394 Web: http://www.EMSL.com Email:[email protected]

Attn: Cathy Fabiatos

Holland CSD

103 Canada St.

Holland, NY 14080

Proj: Holland Middle School

EMSL Order:Customer ID:

Received:

Analyzed:

Collected:

141805069HCSD25

9/19/20189/20/2018

9/19/2018

1. Description of Analysis

Analytical Laboratory

EMSL Analytical, Inc. (EMSL) is a nationwide, full service, analytical testing laboratory network

providing Asbestos, Mold, Indoor Air Quality, Microbiological, Environmental, Chemical,

Forensic, Materials, Industrial Hygiene and Mechanical Testing services since 1981. Ranked as

the premier independently owned environmental testing laboratory in the nation, EMSL puts

analytical quality as its top priority. This quality is recognized by many well -respected federal,

state and private accrediting agencies, such as AIHA-LAP, LLC's EMLAP and proficiency

testing providers such as AIHA, LLC's EMPAT programs, and assured by our high quality

personnel, including many Ph.D. microbiologists and mycologists.

EMSL is an independent laboratory that performed the analysis of these samples. EMSL did

not conduct the sampling or site investigation for this report. The samples referenced herein

were analyzed under strict quality control procedures using state-of-the-art microbiological

methods. The analytical methods used and the data presented are scientifically and legally

defensible.

The laboratory data is provided in compliance with AIHA-LAP, LLC policy modules and ISO-IEC

17025 guidelines for the particular test(s) requested, including any associated limitations for the

methods employed. These data are intended for use by professionals having knowledge of the

testing methods necessary to interpret them accurately.



Page 2 of 34





Holland CSD

103 Canada St.

Holland, NY 14080



Received:

Analyzed:

Collected:

141805069HCSD25

9/19/20189/20/2018

9/19/2018

Air Samples - Spore traps:

Spore traps are commercially available sampling devices that capture airborne particles on an

adhesive slide. Air is pulled through the device using a vacuum pump. Spores, as well as other

airborne particles, are impacted on the collection adhesive. Using spore trap collection methods

has inherent limitations. These collection methods are biased towards larger spore sizes.

The analysis for total spore counts is a direct microscopic examination and does not include

culturing or growing the fungi. Therefore, the results include both viable and non-viable spores.

Some fungal groups produce similar spore types that cannot be distinguished by direct

microscopic examination alone (i.e., Aspergillus/Penicillium, and others). Other spore types may

lack distinguishing features that aid in their identification. These types are grouped into larger

categories such as Ascospores or Basidiospores.

Fungal spores are identified and grouped by morphological characteristics including color, shape,

septation, ornamentation, and fruiting structures (if present) which are compared to published

mycological identification keys and texts. EMSL reports provide spore counts per cubic meter of

air to three significant figures. Please note that each spore category is reported to three significant

figures. Due to rounding and the application of three significant figures the sum of the individual

spore numbers may not equal the total spore count on the report. EMSL does not maintain

responsibility for final volume concentrations (counts/m3) since this volume is provided by the field

collector and can not be verified by EMSL.

EMSL analyzes spore traps using phase contrast microscopy. There is a wide choice of collection

devices (Air-O-Cell, Micro-5, Burkhard, etc.) on the market. Differences in analytical method may

exist between spore trap devices.

Spore trap results are reported in spores per cubic meter of air. Due to the other airborne particles

collected with the spores, EMSL reports a background particle density. Background density is an

indication of overall particulate matter present on the sample (i.e. dust in the air). High

background concentrations may obscure spores such as the Penicillium/Aspergillus group. The

rating system is from 1-5 with 1 = 1 - 25% of the background obscured by material, 2 = 26 - 50%,

3 = 51 - 75%, 4 = 76% - 99%, 5 = 100% or overloaded. A background rating of 4 or higher should

be regarded as a minimum count since the actual concentrations may be higher than those

reported. EMSL will not be held responsible for overloading of samples. Sample volumes are left

to the discretion of the company or persons conducting the fieldwork.

Skin fragment density is the percentage of skin cells making up the total background material, 1 =

1 - 25%, 2 = 26 - 50%, 3 = 51 - 75%, 4 = 76-100%. Skin fragment density is considered an

indication of the general cleanliness in the area sampled. It has been estimated that up to 90% of

household dust consists of dead skin cells.



Page 3 of 34





Holland CSD

103 Canada St.

Holland, NY 14080



Received:

Analyzed:

Collected:

141805069HCSD25

9/19/20189/20/2018

9/19/2018

2. Analytical Results

See attached data reports and charts.



Page 4 of 34





Holland CSD

103 Canada St.

Holland, NY 14080



Received:

Analyzed:

Collected:

141805069HCSD25

9/19/20189/20/2018

9/19/2018

Test Report: Air-O-Cell(™) Analysis of Fungal Spores & Particulates by Optical Microscopy (Methods MICRO-SOP-201, ASTM D7391)

Particle Identification

Sample Concentration

(counts/m³)

Background Concentration

(counts/m³)

Background Corrected

(counts/m³)

141805069-0001

Lab Sample Number

2613-0587

Client Sample ID

MS rm 106 E2B

Location

Sample Volume (L)

150

Sample Type

Inside

Comments

20Alternaria (Ulocladium) None Detected Less than Background

9790Ascospores 680 Less than Background

100Aspergillus/Penicillium None Detected Less than Background

3710Basidiospores 200 Less than Background

None DetectedBipolaris++ None Detected Equal To Background

None DetectedChaetomium None Detected Equal To Background

1400Cladosporium 200 Less than Background

None DetectedCurvularia None Detected Equal To Background

7*Epicoccum 7* Equal To Background

None DetectedFusarium None Detected Equal To Background

950Ganoderma 20 Less than Background

440Myxomycetes++ 80 Less than Background

7*Pithomyces++ None Detected Less than Background

None DetectedRust None Detected Equal To Background

None DetectedScopulariopsis/Microascus None Detected Equal To Background

None DetectedStachybotrys/Memnoniella None Detected Equal To Background

None DetectedUnidentifiable Spores None Detected Equal To Background

None DetectedZygomycetes None Detected Equal To Background

None DetectedBotrytis None Detected Equal To Background

40Polythrincium None Detected Less than Background

None DetectedSpegazzinia None Detected Equal To Background

20Zygophiala/Schizothyrium None Detected Less than Background

16484Total Fungi 1187 Less than Background

Other

None DetectedHyphal Fragment None Detected Equal To Background

None DetectedInsect Fragment None Detected Equal To Background

7*Pollen None Detected Less than Background

Analytical Sensitivity 600x:

Skin Fragments:

2

1

21 counts/cubic meter

1 to 4 (low to high)

Background: 1 to 4 (low to high); 5 (overloaded)

Analytical Sensitivity 300x *: counts/cubic meter7*

Fibrous Particulate: 1 to 4 (low to high) 1

Christopher Goulah, Microbiology Manager

or Other Approved Signatory

Samples received in good condition unless otherwise noted. High levels of background particulate can obscure spores and other particulates, leading to underestimation. Background levels of 5 indicate an

overloading of background particulates, prohibiting accurate detection and quantification. Present = Spores detected on overloaded samples. Results are not blank corrected unless otherwise noted. The detection

limit is equal to one fungal spore, structure, pollen, fiber particle or insect fragment. "*" Denotes particles found at 300X. "-" Denotes not detected. Due to method stopping rules, raw counts in excess of 100 are

extrapolated based on the percentage analyzed. EMSL maintains liability limited to cost of analysis. This report relates only to the samples reported above and may not be reproduced, except in full, without

written approval by EMSL. EMSL bears no responsibility for sample collection activities or analytical method limitations. Interpretation and use of test results are the responsibility of the client.

Samples analyzed by EMSL Analytical, Inc. Depew, NY A2LA Accredited Environmental Testing Cert #2845.24

Initial report from: 09/20/2018 14:46:56

++ Includes other spores with similar morphology; see EMSL's fungal glossary for each specific category.



Page 5 of 34





Holland CSD

103 Canada St.

Holland, NY 14080



Received:

Analyzed:

Collected:

141805069HCSD25

9/19/20189/20/2018

9/19/2018




(counts/m³)


(counts/m³)


(counts/m³)

141805069-0002

Lab Sample Number

2613-0590

Client Sample ID

MS rm 121 music

Location

Sample Volume (L)

150

Sample Type

Inside

Comments



100Aspergillus/Penicillium 570 470






7*Epicoccum None Detected Less than Background











40Polythrincium 40 Equal To Background

None DetectedSpegazzinia 20 20



Other





Skin Fragments:

2

1


















Page 6 of 34





Holland CSD

103 Canada St.

Holland, NY 14080



Received:

Analyzed:

Collected:

141805069HCSD25

9/19/20189/20/2018

9/19/2018




(counts/m³)


(counts/m³)


(counts/m³)

141805069-0003

Lab Sample Number

2613-0593

Client Sample ID

MS aud

Location

Sample Volume (L)

150

Sample Type

Inside

Comments



100Aspergillus/Penicillium 10200 10100






7*Epicoccum 20 13



440Myxomycetes++ None Detected Less than Background







None DetectedBotrytis 20 20





Other





Skin Fragments:

3

1


















Page 7 of 34





Holland CSD

103 Canada St.

Holland, NY 14080



Received:

Analyzed:

Collected:

141805069HCSD25

9/19/20189/20/2018

9/19/2018




(counts/m³)


(counts/m³)


(counts/m³)

141805069-0004

Lab Sample Number

2613-0598

Client Sample ID

MS rm 221

Location

Sample Volume (L)

150

Sample Type

Inside

Comments



100Aspergillus/Penicillium 100 Equal To Background






7*Epicoccum None Detected Less than Background















Other



7*Pollen 7* Equal To Background


Skin Fragments:

3

1


















Page 8 of 34





Holland CSD

103 Canada St.

Holland, NY 14080



Received:

Analyzed:

Collected:

141805069HCSD25

9/19/20189/20/2018

9/19/2018




(counts/m³)


(counts/m³)


(counts/m³)

141805069-0005

Lab Sample Number

2613-0602

Client Sample ID

exterior playing fields

Location

Sample Volume (L)

150

Sample Type

Background

Comments

N/AAlternaria (Ulocladium) 20 N/A

N/AAscospores 9790 N/A

N/AAspergillus/Penicillium 100 N/A

N/ABasidiospores 3710 N/A

N/ABipolaris++ None Detected N/A

N/AChaetomium None Detected N/A

N/ACladosporium 1400 N/A

N/ACurvularia None Detected N/A

N/AEpicoccum 7* N/A

N/AFusarium None Detected N/A

N/AGanoderma 950 N/A

N/AMyxomycetes++ 440 N/A

N/APithomyces++ 7* N/A

N/ARust None Detected N/A

N/AScopulariopsis/Microascus None Detected N/A

N/AStachybotrys/Memnoniella None Detected N/A

N/AUnidentifiable Spores None Detected N/A

N/AZygomycetes None Detected N/A

N/ABotrytis None Detected N/A

N/APolythrincium 40 N/A

N/ASpegazzinia None Detected N/A

N/AZygophiala/Schizothyrium 20 N/A

N/ATotal Fungi 16484 N/A

Other

N/AHyphal Fragment None Detected N/A

N/AInsect Fragment None Detected N/A

N/APollen 7* N/A


Skin Fragments:

2

1


















Page 9 of 34





Holland CSD

103 Canada St.

Holland, NY 14080



Received:

Analyzed:

Collected:

141805069HCSD25

9/19/20189/20/2018

9/19/2018




(counts/m³)


(counts/m³)


(counts/m³)

141805069-0006

Lab Sample Number

2613-0606

Client Sample ID

blank

Location

Sample Volume (L)

Sample Type

Blank

Comments

None DetectedAlternaria (Ulocladium) None Detected N/A

None DetectedAscospores None Detected N/A

None DetectedAspergillus/Penicillium None Detected N/A

None DetectedBasidiospores None Detected N/A

None DetectedBipolaris++ None Detected N/A

None DetectedChaetomium None Detected N/A

None DetectedCladosporium None Detected N/A

None DetectedCurvularia None Detected N/A

None DetectedEpicoccum None Detected N/A

None DetectedFusarium None Detected N/A

None DetectedGanoderma None Detected N/A

None DetectedMyxomycetes++ None Detected N/A

None DetectedPithomyces++ None Detected N/A

None DetectedRust None Detected N/A

None DetectedScopulariopsis/Microascus None Detected N/A

None DetectedStachybotrys/Memnoniella None Detected N/A

None DetectedUnidentifiable Spores None Detected N/A

None DetectedZygomycetes None Detected N/A

None DetectedBotrytis None Detected N/A

None DetectedPolythrincium None Detected N/A

None DetectedSpegazzinia None Detected N/A

None DetectedZygophiala/Schizothyrium None Detected N/A

None DetectedTotal Fungi None Detected N/A

Other

None DetectedHyphal Fragment None Detected N/A

None DetectedInsect Fragment None Detected N/A

None DetectedPollen None Detected N/A


Skin Fragments:

1

1


















Page 10 of 34





Holland CSD

103 Canada St.

Holland, NY 14080



Received:

Analyzed:

Collected:

141805069HCSD25

9/19/20189/20/2018

9/19/2018




(counts/m³)


(counts/m³)


(counts/m³)

141805069-0007

Lab Sample Number

2613-0612

Client Sample ID

MS library

Location

Sample Volume (L)

150

Sample Type

Inside

Comments

20Alternaria (Ulocladium) 20 Equal To Background


100Aspergillus/Penicillium None Detected Less than Background






7*Epicoccum 7* Equal To Background



440Myxomycetes++ None Detected Less than Background












Other





Skin Fragments:

1

1


















Page 11 of 34





Holland CSD

103 Canada St.

Holland, NY 14080



Received:

Analyzed:

Collected:

141805069HCSD25

9/19/20189/20/2018

9/19/2018

1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000

MS rm 106 E2B2613-0587

Ascospores 680

Basidiospores 200

Cladosporium 200

Epicoccum 7

Ganoderma 20

Myxomycetes++ 80

Alternaria (Ulocladium) Ascospores Aspergillus/PenicilliumBasidiospores Botrytis CladosporiumEpicoccum Ganoderma Myxomycetes++Pithomyces++ Polythrincium SpegazziniaZygophiala/Schizothyrium

Spore Counts per m3

Spore Trap Report: Total Counts

* The chart is displayed using a logarithmic scale. Bar size is not directly proportional to the number of spores.



Page 12 of 34





Holland CSD

103 Canada St.

Holland, NY 14080



Received:

Analyzed:

Collected:

141805069HCSD25

9/19/20189/20/2018

9/19/2018

1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000

MS rm 121 music2613-0590

Ascospores 7,740

Aspergillus/Penicillium 570

Basidiospores 2,810

Cladosporium 1,100

Ganoderma 440

Myxomycetes++ 40

Polythrincium 40

Spegazzinia 20


Spore Counts per m3





Page 13 of 34





Holland CSD

103 Canada St.

Holland, NY 14080



Received:

Analyzed:

Collected:

141805069HCSD25

9/19/20189/20/2018

9/19/2018

1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000

MS aud2613-0593

Ascospores 200

Aspergillus/Penicillium 10,200

Basidiospores 100

Botrytis 20

Cladosporium 200

Epicoccum 20

Ganoderma 60


Spore Counts per m3





Page 14 of 34





Holland CSD

103 Canada St.

Holland, NY 14080



Received:

Analyzed:

Collected:

141805069HCSD25

9/19/20189/20/2018

9/19/2018

1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000

MS rm 2212613-0598

Ascospores 1,600


Basidiospores 440

Cladosporium 610

Ganoderma 60

Myxomycetes++ 40


Spore Counts per m3





Page 15 of 34





Holland CSD

103 Canada St.

Holland, NY 14080



Received:

Analyzed:

Collected:

141805069HCSD25

9/19/20189/20/2018

9/19/2018

1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000

exterior playing fields2613-0602

Alternaria (Ulocladium) 20

Ascospores 9,790


Basidiospores 3,710

Cladosporium 1,400

Epicoccum 7

Ganoderma 950

Myxomycetes++ 440

Pithomyces++ 7

Polythrincium 40

Zygophiala/Schizothyrium 20


Spore Counts per m3





Page 16 of 34





Holland CSD

103 Canada St.

Holland, NY 14080



Received:

Analyzed:

Collected:

141805069HCSD25

9/19/20189/20/2018

9/19/2018

1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000

blank2613-0606


Spore Counts per m3





Page 17 of 34





Holland CSD

103 Canada St.

Holland, NY 14080



Received:

Analyzed:

Collected:

141805069HCSD25

9/19/20189/20/2018

9/19/2018

1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000

MS library2613-0612

Alternaria (Ulocladium) 20

Ascospores 320

Basidiospores 80

Cladosporium 420

Epicoccum 7

Ganoderma 20


Spore Counts per m3





Page 18 of 34





Holland CSD

103 Canada St.

Holland, NY 14080



Received:

Analyzed:

Collected:

141805069HCSD25

9/19/20189/20/2018

9/19/2018

1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000

Alternaria (Ulocladium)

Ascospores

Aspergillus/Penicillium

6807,740

570

200

10,200

1,600

100

20

9,790

100

20

320

2613-0587 MS rm 106E2B

2613-0590 MS rm 121music

2613-0593 MS aud 2613-0598 MS rm 221

2613-0602 exteriorplaying fields

2613-0606 blank 2613-0612 MS library

Spore Counts per m3

Background Comparison Chart

* The chart is displayed using a logarithmic scale. The bar size is not directly proportional to the number of spores.



Page 19 of 34





Holland CSD

103 Canada St.

Holland, NY 14080



Received:

Analyzed:

Collected:

141805069HCSD25

9/19/20189/20/2018

9/19/2018

1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000

Basidiospores

Botrytis

Cladosporium

200

200

2,810

1,100

100

20

200

440

610

3,710

1,400

80

420

2613-0587 MS rm 106E2B

2613-0590 MS rm 121music

2613-0593 MS aud 2613-0598 MS rm 221


2613-0606 blank 2613-0612 MS library

Spore Counts per m3





Page 20 of 34





Holland CSD

103 Canada St.

Holland, NY 14080



Received:

Analyzed:

Collected:

141805069HCSD25

9/19/20189/20/2018

9/19/2018

1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000

Epicoccum

Ganoderma

Myxomycetes++

7

20

80

440

40

20

6060

40

7

950

440

7

20

2613-0587 MS rm 106E2B

2613-0590 MS rm 121music

2613-0593 MS aud 2613-0598 MS rm 221


2613-0606 blank 2613-0612 MS library

Spore Counts per m3





Page 21 of 34





Holland CSD

103 Canada St.

Holland, NY 14080



Received:

Analyzed:

Collected:

141805069HCSD25

9/19/20189/20/2018

9/19/2018

1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000

Pithomyces++

Polythrincium

Spegazzinia

40

20

7

40

2613-0587 MS rm 106E2B

2613-0590 MS rm 121music

2613-0593 MS aud 2613-0598 MS rm 221


2613-0606 blank 2613-0612 MS library

Spore Counts per m3





Page 22 of 34





Holland CSD

103 Canada St.

Holland, NY 14080



Received:

Analyzed:

Collected:

141805069HCSD25

9/19/20189/20/2018

9/19/2018

1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000

Zygophiala/Schizothyrium

20

2613-0587 MS rm 106E2B

2613-0590 MS rm 121music

2613-0593 MS aud 2613-0598 MS rm 221


2613-0606 blank 2613-0612 MS library

Spore Counts per m3





Page 23 of 34





Holland CSD

103 Canada St.

Holland, NY 14080



Received:

Analyzed:

Collected:

141805069HCSD25

9/19/20189/20/2018

9/19/2018

EMSL Analytical, Inc. is an independent laboratory, providing unbiased and scientifically

valid results. These data represent only a portion of an overall IAQ investigation. Visual

information and environmental conditions measured during the site assessment (humidity,

moisture readings, etc.) are crucial to any final interpretation of the results. Many factors

impact the final results; therefore, result interpretation should only be conducted by

qualified individuals. The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists

(ACGIH) has published a good reference book covering sampling and data interpretation. It

is entitled, Bioaerosols: Assessment and Control, 1999.

Fungal spores are found everywhere. Whether or not symptoms develop in people

exposed to fungi depends on the nature of the fungal material (e.g., allergenic, toxic, or

infectious), the exposure level, and the susceptibility of exposed persons. Susceptibility

varies with the genetic predisposition (e.g., allergic reactions do not always occur in all

individuals), age, pre-existing medical conditions (e.g., diabetes, cancer, or chronic lung

conditions), use of immunosuppressive drugs, and concurrent exposures. These reasons

make it difficult to identify dose/response relationships that are required to establish “safe”

or “unsafe” levels (i.e., permissible exposure limits).

It is generally accepted in the industry that indoor fungal growth is undesirable and

inappropriate, necessitating removal or other appropriate remedial actions. The New York

City guidelines and EPA guidelines for mold remediation in schools and commercial

buildings define the conditions warranting mold remediation. Always remember that water

is the key. Preventing water damage or water condensation will prevent mold growth.

This report is not intended to provide medical advice or advice concerning the relative

safety of an occupied space. Always consult an occupational or environmental health

physician who has experience addressing indoor air contaminants if you have any

questions.

3. Understanding the Results



Page 24 of 34





Holland CSD

103 Canada St.

Holland, NY 14080



Received:

Analyzed:

Collected:

141805069HCSD25

9/19/20189/20/2018

9/19/2018

ALTERNARIA(ULOCLADIUM)Allergic Potential Type I allergies (hay fever, asthma), Type III (hypersensitivity pneumonitis)

Industrial Uses Biocontrol of weed plants ·Biocontrol fungal plant pathogens.

Mode of Dissemination Wind

Natural Habitat Common saprobe and pathogen of plants. Typically found on plant tissue, decaying wood, and

foods. Soil . Air outdoors.

Other Comments Many species of Ulocladium have been renamed as Alternaria . Alternaria spores are one of the

most common and potent indoor and outdoor airborne allergens. Additionally, Alternaria

sensitization has been determined to be one of the most important factors in the onset of

childhood asthma. Synergy with Cladosporium or Ulocladium may increase the severity of

symptoms

Potential or Opportunistic

Pathogens

Phaeohyphomycosis {causing cystic granulomas in the skin and subcutaneous tissue}. In

immunocompetent patients, Alternaria colonizes the paranasal sinuses, leading to chronic

hypertrophic sinusitis

Potential Toxins Produced Alternariol (AOH) . Alternariol monomethylether (AME). Tenuazonic acid (TeA). Altenuene (ALT).

Altertoxins (ATX)

References Alternaria redefined. J. Woudenberg et al., Studies in Mycology. Volume 75, June 2013, Pages

171-212

Suitable Substrates in the

Indoor Environment

Indoors near condensation (window frames, showers), House dust (in carpets, and air). Also

colonizes building supplies, computer disks, cosmetics, leather, optical instruments, paper,

sewage, stone monuments, textiles, wood pulp, and jet fuel

Water Activity Aw =0.85-0.88 (water damage indicator)

ASCOSPORESAllergic Potential Depends on genus and species.

Industrial Uses

Mode of Dissemination Forcible ejection or passive release and dissemination by wind or insects.

Natural Habitat Everywhere in nature.

Other Comments Ascospores are the result of sexual reproduction and produced in a saclike structure called an

ascus. All ascospores belong to members of the Phylum Ascomycota, which encompasses a

plethora of genera worldwide.


Pathogens

Depends on genus and species.

Potential Toxins Produced


Indoor Environment

Water Activity

4. Glossary of Fungi



Page 25 of 34





Holland CSD

103 Canada St.

Holland, NY 14080



Received:

Analyzed:

Collected:

141805069HCSD25

9/19/20189/20/2018

9/19/2018

ASPERGILLUS/PENICILLIUMAllergic Potential Type I (hay fever, asthma) ·Type III (hypersensitivity)

Industrial Uses Many depending on the species

Mode of Dissemination Wind ·Insects

Natural Habitat Plant debris ·Seed ·Cereal crops

Other Comments Spores of Aspergillus and Penicillium (including others such as Acremonium, Talaromyces, and

Paecilomyces) are small and spherical with few distinguishing characteristics. They cannot be

differentiated or speciated by non-viable impaction sampling methods. Some species with very

small spores may be undercounted in samples with high background debris.


Pathogens

Possible depending on the species.



Indoor Environment

Grows on a wide range of substrates indoors ·Prevalent in water damaged buildings ·Foods

(blue mold on cereals, fruits, vegetables, dried foods) ·House dust ·Fabrics ·Leather ·Wallpaper

·Wallpaper glue

Water Activity Aw=0.75-0.94

BASIDIOSPORESAllergic Potential Type I allergies (hay fever, asthma) . Type III (hypersensitivity pneumonitis)

Industrial Uses Edible mushrooms are used in the food industry.

Mode of Dissemination Forcible ejection. Wind currents.

Natural Habitat Forest floors. Lawns .Plants (saprobes or pathogens depending on genus)

Other Comments Basidiospores are the result of sexual reproduction and formed on a structure called the

basidium. Basidiospores belong to the members of the Phylum Basidiomycota, which includes

mushrooms, shelf fungi, rusts, and smuts.


Pathogens

Depends on genus.

Potential Toxins Produced Amanitins. monomethyl-hydrazine. muscarine. ibotenic acid. psilocybin.


Indoor Environment

Depends on genus. Wood products

Water Activity Unknown.

BOTRYTISAllergic Potential Type 1 (Hayfever and asthma); Type 2 (hypersensitivity pneumonitis)

Mode of Dissemination Wind, rain

Natural Habitat Plant pathogen responsible for causing gray mold (B. cinerea) on raspberries, blackberries,

lettuce, cabbage.


Pathogens

Unknown


Indoor Environment

Houseplants, fruits, vegetables

Water Activity Aw 0.93-0.95



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Holland, NY 14080



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9/19/2018

CLADOSPORIUMAllergic Potential Type I (asthma and hay fever).

Industrial Uses Produces 10 antigens.

Mode of Dissemination Air

Natural Habitat Dead plant matter. Straw. Soil. Woody plants


Pathogens

Edema. keratitis. onychomycosis. pulmonary infections. Sinusitis.

Potential Toxins Produced Cladosporin and Emodin.


Indoor Environment

Fiberglass duct liner. Paint. Textiles. Found in high concentration in water-damaged building

materials.

Water Activity Aw 0.84-0.88

EPICOCCUMAllergic Potential Hay fever, asthma


Natural Habitat A worldwide saprophytic fungi, being isolated from dead plant material and soil.


Pathogens

Unknown


Indoor Environment

Paper, textiles

Water Activity 0.86-0.90

GANODERMAAllergic Potential Ganoderma species are known to cause allergies in people on a worldwide scale.

Industrial Uses Biopulping of wood for the paper industry. Potential medicinal use due to: 1. Inhibition of Ras

dependent cell transformation, 2. Antifibrotic activity, 3. Immunomodulating activity, 4.

Free-radicle scavenging

Mode of Dissemination Wind.

Natural Habitat Grows on conifers and hardwoods worldwide, causing white rot, root rot, and stem rot.

Other Comments Used in traditional Chinese medicine as an herbal supplement. It is also known as a "shelf

fungus" because the fruiting body forms a stalk-less shelf on the sides of trees and logs. It is

sometimes called “artists conk” because when you scratch the white pores of the fruiting body,

the white rubs away and exposes the brown hyphae underneath. Thus, pictures can be

produced on the fruiting body.


Pathogens

Unknown.


Reference References: Craig, R.L., Levetin, E. 2000. Multi-year study of Ganoderma aerobiology.

Aerobiologia 16: 75-81.

http://www.pfc.forestry.ca/diseases/CTD/Group/Heart/heart6_e.html


Indoor Environment

Unknown.

Water Activity



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Holland CSD

103 Canada St.

Holland, NY 14080



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9/19/2018

MYXOMYCETES++Allergic Potential Type I

Free moisture required for

mold growth

Unknown

Industrial Uses

Mode of Dissemination Insects, Water, Wind

Natural Habitat Decaying logs, Dead leaves , Dung , Lawns , Mulched flower beds,

Lawns

Other Comments Includes Myxomycetes, Smut, and Periconia.


Pathogens

Unknown


Indoor Environment

Rotting lumber

PITHOMYCESAllergic Potential Unknown


Natural Habitat A worldwide saprophytic fungi, being isolated from dead plant material and soil.

Other Comments Pithomyces++ includes spores of Pithomyces and Pseudopithomyces.


Pathogens

Mycosis in immunocompromised patients


Indoor Environment

Paper

Water Activity Requires high moisture for spore germination

POLYTHRINCIUMAllergic Potential Allergenic potential in this genus is not well understood, and is currently being studied.

Natural Habitat Leaves

Potential Opportunist or

Pathogen

Unknown



Indoor Environment



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Holland CSD

103 Canada St.

Holland, NY 14080



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Analyzed:

Collected:

141805069HCSD25

9/19/20189/20/2018

9/19/2018

SPEGAZZINIAAllergic Potential Unknown

Mode of Dissemination

Natural Habitat Plants, Soils


Pathogens

Unknown


Indoor Environment

Water Activity

ZYGOPHIALA/SCHIZOTHYRIUMAllergic Potential Unknown

Mode of Dissemination Wind, Rain

Natural Habitat Plants, on leaves, twings and fruits of numerous trees and shrubs (one sp. causes flyspeck

disease in Apple ).


Pathogens

Unknown


Indoor Environment

Water Activity



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Holland CSD

103 Canada St.

Holland, NY 14080



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9/19/20189/20/2018

9/19/2018

5. References and Informational Links



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Holland CSD

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Holland, NY 14080



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9/19/2018

Books

· Bioaerosols: Assessment and Control. Janet Macher, Ed., American Conference of

Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Cincinnati, OH 1999.

· Exposure Guidelines for Residential Indoor Air Quality. Environmental Health Directorate,

Health Protection Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, 1989.

· Fungal Contamination in Public Buildings: Health Effects and Investigation Methods. Health

Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, 2004.

· IICRC: S500 Standard and Reference Guide for Professional Water Damage Restoration.

3rd Edition, Institute of Inspection, Cleaning, and Restoration Certification, Vancouver, WA,

2006

IICRC: S520 Standard and Reference Guide for Professional Mold Remediation. 1st

Edition, Institute of Inspection, Cleaning, and Restoration Certification, Vancouver, WA,

2004

· Field Guide for the Determination of Biological Contaminants in Environmental Samples.

2nd Edition, American Industrial Hygiene Association, 2005.

Consumer Links

Read the full text of AIHA’s "The Facts About Mold" consumer brochure.

<http://www.aiha.org/get-involved/VolunteerGroups/Documents/BiosafetyVG-FactsAbout%2

0MoldDecember2011.pdf>

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/molds/index.html

CDC Mold Facts

http://www.cdc.gov/mold/faqs.htm

CDC Stachybotrys - Questions and answers on Stachybotrys chartarum and other molds

http://www.cdc.gov/mold/stachy.htm

IOM, NAS: Clearing the Air: Asthma and Indoor Air Exposures

http://www.iom.edu/Reports/2000/Clearing-the-Air-Asthma-and-Indoor-Air-Exposures.aspx

National Library of Medicine-Mold website

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/molds.html

California Department of Health Services (CADOHS)



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9/19/2018

http://www.cal-iaq.org/separator/mold-and-dampness/about-mold

Minnesota Department of Health

http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/eh/indoorair/mold/index.html

New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene

<http://conyers.house.gov/index.cfm/issues?p=toxic-mold>

H.R.: The United States Toxic Mold Safety and Protection Act

<http://conyers.house.gov/index.cfm/issues?p=toxic-mold>

EPA

"Should You Have the Air Ducts in Your Home Cleaned?"

<http://www.epa.gov/iaq/pubs/airduct.html>

General information about molds and actions that can be taken to clean up or prevent a

mold problem.

<http://www.epa.gov/asthma/molds.html>

“A Brief Guide to Mold, Moisture, and Your Home” - Includes basic information on mold,

cleanup guidelines, and moisture and mold prevention

http://www.epa.gov/mold/moldguide.html

“Mold Remediation in Schools and Commercial Buildings” - Information on remediation in

schools and commercial property, references for potential mold and moisture remediators.

http://www.epa.gov/mold/mold_remediation.html

FEMA

“Homes That Were Flooded May Harbor Mold Problems” - Information and tips for cleaning

mold.

http://www.fema.gov/news-release/homes-were-flooded-may-harbor-mold-problems

“Dealing With Mold & Mildew in Your Flood Damaged Home.

http://www.fema.gov/pdf/rebuild/recover/fema_mold_brochure_english.pdf

“Prompt Flood Cleanup Can Help Prevent Health Problems” - How to clean up in-house

mold problems (not large or serious exposures).

http://www.fema.gov/news-release/prompt-flood-cleanup-can-help-prevent-health-problems



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Holland CSD

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Holland, NY 14080



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9/19/2018

6. Important Terms, Conditions, and Limitations

A. Sample Retention

Samples analyzed by EMSL will be retained for 60 days after analysis date Storage beyond

this period is available for a fee with written request prior to the initial 30 day period.

Samples containing hazardous/toxic substances which require special handling will be

returned to the client immediately. EMSLreserves the right to charge a sample disposal fee

or return samples to the client.

B. Change Orders and Cancellation

All changes in the scope of work or turnaround time requested by the client after sample

acceptance must be made in writing and confirmed in writing by EMSL. If requested

changes result in a change in cost the client must accept payment responsibility. In the

event work is cancelled by a client, EMSL will complete work in progress and invoice for work

completed to the point of cancellation notice. EMSL is not responsible for. holding times

that are exceeded due to such changes.

C. Warranty

EMSL warrants to its clients that all services provided hereunder shall be performed in

accordance with established and recognized analytical testing procedures and with

reasonable care in accordance with applicable federal, state and local laws. The foregoing

express warranty is exclusive and is given in lieu of all other warranties, expressed or

implied. EMSL disclaims any other warranties, express or implied, including a warranty of

fitness for particular purpose and warranty of merchantability.

D. Limits of Liability

In no event shall EMSL be liable for indirect, special, consequential, or incidental damages,

including, but not limited to, damages for loss of profit or goodwill regardless of the

negligence (either sole or concurrent) of EMSL and whether EMSL has been informed of the

possibility of such damages, arising out of or in connection with EMSL’s services thereunder

or the delivery, use, reliance upon or interpretation of test results by client or any third party.

We accept no legal responsibility for the purposes for which the client uses the test results .

EMSL will not be held responsible for the improper selection of sampling devices even if we

supply the device to the user. The user of the sampling device has the sole responsibility to

select the proper sampler and sampling conditions to insure that a valid sample is taken for

analysis. Any resampling performed will be at the sole discretion of EMSL, the cost of which

shall be limited to the reasonable value of the original sample delivery group (SDG) samples.

In no event shall EMSL be liable to a client or any third party, whether based upon theories



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Holland CSD

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Holland, NY 14080



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9/19/2018

of tort, contract or any other legal or equitable theory, in excess of the amount paid to EMSL

by client thereunder.

E. Indemnification

Client shall indemnify EMSL and its officers, directors and employees and hold each of them

harmless for any liability, expense or cost, including reasonable attorney’s fees, incurred by

reason of any third party claim in connection with EMSL services, the test result data or its

use by client



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