EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF THE DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY REPORT For 1200 TPD CEMENT PLANT AT VILLAGE BHATYAN, KHREW, TEHSIL PAMPORE, DISTRICT PULWAMA AND MINING OF LIMESTONE IN AN AREA OF 4.15 HECTARE LAND AT VILLAGE ZANTRAG, KHREW, TEHSIL PAMPORE, DISTRICT PULWAMA by

Kashmir Cements

Prepared by: Enviro Infra Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 301 to 305, SRBC, Sector 9, Vasundhara, Ghaziabad (NABET Accredited Consultants having Accreditation No. NABET/EIA/1619/IA0018 valid upto November 09, 2019)

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.0 INTRODUCTION India, the fourth largest economy in the world, has been maintaining a GDP growth rate of more than 7 % for more than a decade. Analysts have projected that India has the potential to almost double her present rate of growth with labour and capital productivity improvements. Infrastructure development plays an essential supportive role in improving labour and capital productivity. Investment in infrastructure sector is also an indicator of economic growth in all market economies. Cement is the basic essentiality for the infrastructure development. The amount of cement consumed in a country is an index of its infrastructure development. The progress of cement sector is having a direct bearing on the economy of the country

Jammu and Kashmir, located in northern India, has tourism as the bedrock of its economy and a vibrant industrial and manufacturing sector. Govt. of India has given special incentives in the form of Tax and Central Excise concessions to attract investments in the industrial sector in industrially backward states likes Uttranchal, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir etc.

Kashmir Cements intends to set up a cement plant for the production of Portland cement with an annual installed capacity of 396000 MT/annum or 1200 MT/day to be located at village Bhatayan, Khrew, Tehsil Pampore, District Pulwama, Jammu and Kashmir using the Rotary Kiln Technology. The industry is having the captive mine in an area of 4.15 hectares for the extraction of limestone for the cement plant. The project site is a part of the industrial area as notified by the department of industrial policy and promotion, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Govt. of India.

As per the notification of Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Government of India notification dated 14th September, 2006, the project is covered under Category 3 (b) - 3(b) – <1.0 million tonnes/annum production capacity and all stand alone grinding units. The industry had applied to the EAC of MoEF for the approval of Terms of Reference for the Environmental Impact Assessment study and approved TOR was received from them.

1.1 Methodology The methodology adopted for carrying out the EIA study is based on the guidelines and TOR issued by the EAC. The EIA report is based on data collected from primary and secondary sources that included;

Collection of information on existing baseline conditions in order to identify the existing environmental quality of the study area

Ambient air, water and soil quality and noise level monitoring Identification of environmentally sensitive locations (if any) in the impacted area Assess the adverse impacts on the environment and to avoid the impacts, suggest

cost effective mitigation and management measures to mitigate the negative impacts

Preparation of Environmental Management Plan, which will include associated costs for execution of mitigation and enhancement, works; development of an

environmental monitoring program Addressing the derived issues involving occupational health and safety, and

emergency/disaster management to limit/contain the adverse effects

2.0 THE PROJECT Kashmir Cements intends to set up a cement plant for the production of Portland cement with an annual installed capacity of 396000 MT/annum or 1200 MT/day to be located at village Bhatayan, Khrew, Tehsil Pampore, District Pulwama, Jammu and Kashmir. The cement plant is proposed to be set up using Rotary Kiln Technology. The promoters of the project have already acquired 77 Kanals (3.89 Hectares) of land for the installation of complete cement plant including area for plantation purposes. The estimated cost of the proposed project would be around Rs 146.98 Crores. The industry would operate for 330 days in a year. The cement plant would require a power input of around 9.0 MW which would be available from state electricity supply. Manpower requirements for the cement plant would be around 200 persons. The industry is having its own captive mines in an area of 4.15 hectares for the extraction of limestone for the cement plant. The industry would be extracting the raw limestones from the captive mines for its use in the cement manufacturing process.

2.1 Manufacturing Process Kashmir Cements would use the ‘dry method’ for the production of clinker and cement. The different process steps involved in the production of cement are discussed as under;

Limestone - The industrial unit would procure limestone from the adjoining limestone mines.

Crushing of Limestone - The crushing would be carried out in double stages by using primary crusher and secondary crusher.

Prehomogenisation - The crushed limestone would be pre-blended with the help of stacker and reclaimer systems.

Grinding of Raw Materials - Vertical Roller Mill and Tube Mill Grinding machines would be used for production of pulverized raw meal.

Homogenisaton - The raw meal ground in the raw mill would be thoroughly blended in vertically tall blending silos.

Pyroprocessing - The modern pyroprocessing system comprises of three important sections namely preheating and precalcining, clinkerisation and cooling. Precalcining of raw meal would be carried out in separate vessel vertically held and placed in between preheating and clinkerisation section. The clinkerisation reaction would be carried out in a vertical shaft kiln and rotary kiln.

Clinker Formation - Conversion of raw meal into cement clinker would be accomplished in steps in various zones of kiln circuit. The pulverized fuel would be pushed into the burning zone of vertical shaft kiln. In the burning zone of the kiln, part of raw mill would be transformed into liquid after achieving appropriate melting temperature and powdery form of raw meal would be converted into nodulized clinker form.The final clinkerisation of raw meal would be achieved between the temperature range of 1250-1450oC.

Cement Grinding - The clinker along with appropriate quantity of gypsum and other

additive materials for production of finely pulverized cement with desired fineness would be grinded in the ball mills and roller press.

Cement Storage, Packing & Dispatch - The pulverized different types of cements would be stored in different silos installed with different capacities. Depending upon the market requirements the cement would be loaded in bulk or packed in 50 KG bags with the help of conventional rotary packages or electronic packages, loaded onto trucks and finally dispatched to the required destinations.

3.0 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING This section describes existing environmental status in an area encompassed within 10 km radius around site of the proposed plant.

The environmental monitoring for the EIA study was conducted for the summer season. Initially, a reconnaissance survey of the study area was carried out and then field monitoring for measuring meteorological parameters, ambient air quality, water quality, soil quality and noise levels was carried out from 1st October, 2018. In addition, certain aspects like land area, socio-economic status, past meteorological conditions, etc., have been analysed based on secondary information available from sources like district census reports, district gazetteers, Indian meteorological department, etc.

3.1 Meteorology The project zone lies in the alpine, temperate and subtropical type region with four distinct seasons – Spring – March to May, Summer – June to August, Autumn – September to November, Winter – December to February.

In the study area, annual minimum and maximum temperature range (of extreme variation) is -5 to 32ºC. During the study period, the daily range of temperature variation was 0.4-27.5ºC.

The average annual rainfall in Pampore Block is about 600 mm.

On annual basis, it can be noted that high humidity occurs in the month of December, January, July, August and September and low humidity occurs in the month of April and May.

Annual trend indicates mean wind speeds to be highest in the months of March, April, May, June and July (7.8-9.5 km/hour) and lowest in the month of October, November and December (2.5-3.5 km/hour). During the study period, the predominant wind direction remained from South-East.

3.2 Air environment To establish the existing baseline status of ambient air quality, 8 AAQM stations were selected based on the guidelines of network sitting criteria. Various pollutants monitored were respirable suspended particulate matter (RSPM10 and 2.5), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx). The ambient air quality monitoring for RSPM10 and 2.5, SO2 and NOx were carried out for 24 hours on continuous basis per station, twice a week for the post monsoon season.

During the study period, PM10 concentrations have ranged from 32 to 71 μg/m3. Minimum PM10 concentration has been observed at village Mashawan and highest PM10 concentration has been observed at village Khunamoh. The higher values of

PM10 at site is due to the presence of cement industries in that area. PM2.5 concentrations have ranged from 18 to 39 μg/m3. The highest value of PM2.5 has been observed at village Zatrang and the minimum values for PM2.5 has been found in Khanagund. SO2 concentrations at various ambient air quality monitoring stations have ranged from 5.4 to 10.2 μg/m3. NOx levels in the ambient air at different ambient air quality monitoring locations ranged from 9.8 to 23.4 μg/m3.

3.3 Noise The study area of 10 km radius, with reference to the site, has been covered for noise environment. The three zones, viz., residential, highways and silent zones have been considered for noise monitoring. Noise monitoring has been undertaken for 24 hours at each location. The noise survey involved the determination of noise levels in decibels at 7 locations. Noise level was recorded at every hour for 10 minutes continuously for 24 hours at ‘A’ response with maximum day and night time values being 63.9 dB(A) and 37.3 dB(A).

3.4 Water quality River Jhelum flows more than 11 km away from the site. Other than this, there is no other natural surface water body flowing within the study area. The dependence on ground water is quiet considerable in the study area. Most of the irrigation is done through pumping of ground water. As per the Central Ground Water Board, whole of the state has got total replenishable ground water resource of 2.70 BCM. Out of this, utilizable ground water resources for irrigation purposes are 2.43 BCM. Existing ground water draft for domestic, industrial and other uses are 0.33 BCM.

To assess the ground water quality of the study area, six of ground water samples were collected. Ground water samples were collected for the automn season. Analysis of water samples for physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters were carried out and all the samples were found to be well within the limits stipulated in IS-10500:1991.

3.5 Land environment

3.5.1 Land use pattern

Pulwama district lies in the Himalyan Zone and its topography is well defined by a series of hill ranges which rises in height towards north-east. The altitude varies from 1500 meters to 3000 meters and high riches of the district are snow covered throughout the year. The valley area of the district is extensively cultivated.

There are around 20 villages within the 10 km radius study area. Around 25 % of the study area is under cultivation. Most of the agriculture is practised on rain water and tube wells. There is around 15 % of land that has been kept unirrigated within the study area. About 5 % of the land is classifiable as culturable waste. 50 % of land belongs to land not available for cultivation.

3.5.2 Soil characteristics

To assess the baseline status of the soil quality in the study area, eight soil samples were collected from different locations. The texture of the soil in the study area is sandy loam. Bulk density of soil samples varies between 1.34 to 1.45 gm/cm3. The soils of all the sites are moderately porous (porosities ranging between 55.7 to

59.2%). pH of soil samples ranged between 7.48 to 8.19. The availability of nitrogen is of prime importance to grow plants since they are dependent on adequate supply of nitrates and ammonia. Total kjeldahl nitrogen available for different soil sample ranged between 0.02 to 0.05%. The potassium content in soil originates from the disintegration and decomposition of rocks containing potassium bearing minerals. Available potassium concentration ranged between 3.9 to 5.2 mg/kg. Phosphorus has several essential functions in plant growth. The available phosphorus concentration in the study area has varied from 2.3 to 3.5 mg/kg..

3.6 Biological Environment Forests are one of the most important source of the study area. Most of the forests are covered under coniferous softwood (Pine) and non coniferous soft wood. In the coniferous category, there are Fir, Kail, Chir and Deodar. Besides this, a list of plant species growing in the area are – Chinar, Poplar, Partal, Mulbery, Walnut and other fruit trees.

The district is rich in animals and birds which includes some of the rare species. The study area is near to the Dachigam National Park. The park covers an area of 141 sq. kms. The animals found in the area are – Hangul, Musk Deer, Leopard, Himalayan Grey Langur, Leopard Cat, Himalayan Black Beer, Himalayan Brown Beer, Jackal, Hill Fox, Himalayan Weasel, Yellow-throated Marten, Jungle Cat, Long-tailed Marmot, Otter etc.

3.7 Socio-economic environment The socio-economic profile of the study area is given below;

Settlement pattern: The Pulwama district is predominantly a rural district with only around 15 % of the population living in urban areas and the rest of the population stays in villages. Agriculture is the main occupation of the people living in the villages.

Communications: Road transportation is the only source of communication in the area.

Industry: In order to boost industries in this district, the state government has provided the infrastructure for the entrepreneurs by setting up industrial area and estates. People in this area are involved in saffron plantation, wood carving, slate industry, wool spinning and weaving and pottery etc.

Mineral and mining: The area is having limestone as natural minerals. Many limestone queries exists in the area. In fact, the govt. of Jammu and Kashmir has declared it as limestone industrial area.

Medical and public health: The area is connected with the medical and public health facilities. In Pampore tehsil, there is 1 hospital having 25 beds capacity.

Education: The Pampore tehsil is having an average literacy rate of 59 percent against the state average of 54.46 %.

Demography: The male to female ratio of the population in Pampore Tehsil is 1000:942 against the state average of 1000:900

4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT In the present study, the most probable impacts on various components of the surrounding environment due to the proposed development have been predicted.

4.1 Determinants of environmental impacts The impacting activities can be classified under following significant environmental aspects; a) Land alteration/regime modification – The industrial unit has acquired about

38900 m2 of land. The land is hilly terrain and barren area with no activity. The site needs to be dressed for surface leveling with average cut and fill requirements are expected to balance each other. As per present planning, more than 33 % of the area (>12500 m2) is being landscaped into horticulture and plantation belts. The storm run-off from the surrounding areas will be properly channelised into seasonal Khud in the vicinity of the site.

b) Land transformation and construction – There will be intensive on-site construction activity involving site preparation, sub-structural and super-structural construction, and clean-up operations. The labour requirement will, preferably, be arranged from that locally available. Total time expected to be taken for on site construction work will be about 10-12 months. At any time, there will not be more than 100 labour/manpower on site. There will be adequate provision for temporary accommodation (including their hygiene and sanitation) of labour at the site.

c) Resource extraction and consumption/renewal – The industry would require raw materials – limestone @ 1470 MT/day, Coal/Pet Coke @ 245 MT/day and gypsum/clay @ 306 MT/day. Planned fuel requirement will include HSD for the operation of DG sets and its operation would be sporadic as it would depend on the electricity failure. The raw water requirement for industrial consumption will be less than 40 m3/day which will be sourced from ground water. Limestone would be available from the local mines, clay would be available from the adjoining districts. Coal/petcoke would be sourced from other states.

d) Demographic changes – There will not be any significant demographic changes induced by the proposed project.

e) Changes in transportation pattern – Present peak traffic is about 500 vehicles/day. The proposed project will add less than 100 vehicles/day at peak level. The road conditions permit the use of additional vehicles for the proposed plant.

f) Requirement of civic amenities, public services and facilities – The project will not require any additional civic amenities, public services and facilities.

g) Accidents – The risk of accident may be there on account of fire, injury due to plant and machinery operation, electrocution. The industrial unit will have elaborate occupational health and safety management system as well as emergency response management system.

4.2 Environmental parameters The environmental components, requiring consideration, are; a) Impact due to air pollution – The industry would be generating air emissions

into the atmosphere after treatment through suitable air pollution control systems.

The emissions would contain mainly SPM and the stack attached to vertical shaft kiln would generate SPM, CO and SO2. The industry is installing Bag House Filters to the various processes for the control of SPM. To control the SPM from the rotary kiln furnace, the industry would be installing Electrostatic Precipitator. There would not be any significant impact of the cement plant on the atmosphere.

b) Water (surface water and ground water) resources – The industry would require around 40 m3/day of water for industrial (spraying) and domestic purposes. The wastewater generation (< 9 m3/day) would be only through domestic purposes. The industry would use treated domestic effluent within their own premises for irrigation purposes. Therefore, there would not be any negative impact due to water use and wastewater disposal.

c) Geology and topography – The topography of the site is a hilly terrain. The site elevation varies from 0 to 50 meters. No heavy cut and fill work would be carried out for the industrial premises. The cement industry requires different storage locations of raw materials and then its conveying mechanism. The raw materials would be stored at higher elevation and it would be conveyed to the lower slopes where it would be processed to convert it into cement. Therefore, there would not be any adverse impact on the natural geology of the area.

d) Biological conditions – The reserve forests area of Khrew are more than 2 km.

from the site. There would not be any negative impact due to the cement plant of the reserve forests.

e) Ecology – The site is around 3.37 km. away from Dachigam National Park. The

operation of cement plant would not impact the natural ecology of the Dachigam National Park.

5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

5.1 Pollution Prevention Measures

5.1.1 Fugitive Emission Control For the control of fugitive emissions from limestone unloading section the “dust containment cum suppression systems” would be installed. Water would be sprayed through nozzles during unloading.

Dust generated during crushing operation would be captured with dust extraction cum pulse jet bag filter type control system.

Dust extraction cum pulsejet bag filter type control system would be adopted at limestone transfer points.

The industrial unit will have dust suppression arrangement for suppressing the fugitive emissions along with dry extraction cum bag filter for the coal unloading section.

Bag filter type control system would be adopted for capturing the dust emissions from the coal crushing section and coal transfer points.

The dry extraction cum bag filter type system would be adopted for controlling the emissions from the gypsum handling and storage area.

All the silo vents would be provided with bag filters.

5.1.2 Air Pollution Control The industry would install electrostatic precipitator for the control of emissions generated from the rotary furnace. The industry would install pulse jet type bag house filters for the control of air pollution in other different sections of the industry. Details of air pollution control systems to be installed by the industry are as below;

S. No.

Section Type of APCD

1. Limestone crushing section Pulse jet type bag house filter 2. Limestone transfer section Pulse jet type bag house filter 3. Coal crushing section Pulse jet type bag house filter 4. Coal transfer section Pulse jet type bag house filter 5. Kiln section Electrostatic Precipitator 6. Blending section Pulse jet type bag house filter 7. Clinker storage section Pulse jet type bag house filter 8. Clinker transport section Pulse jet type bag house filter 9. Cement Mill Section Pulse jet type bag house filter 10. Cement ventilation section Pulse jet type bag house filter 11. Cement Blending Section Pulse jet type bag house filter 12. Packing Section Pulse jet type bag house filter

5.1.3 Water Pollution Control The industry would generate only domestic effluent from its industrial premises. The quantity of domestic effluent generation would be around 9 m3/day. The wastewater would be treated in a septic tank before its utilisation on land for irrigation purposes.

5.1.4 Solid waste management

The industry would not generate any solid wastes as whole of the process rejects solid wastes would be reused for the production of cement.

5.1.5 Hazardous waste management

Hazardous waste will include used/spent oils and lubricants [classifiable under Category 5.1 of Schedule – I of Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016] – ~1000 litre/year. The used oils will be in metallic drums inside a lined and covered room and will be, ultimately, sold to the authorized recyclers.

5.2 Environmental monitoring

The industry would have either their own environmental monitoring laboratory or it would get the various parameters of environment monitored from external laboratories as per the stipulated requirements.

5.3 Disaster and emergency response management Disaster, in this situation, may include incidences of flood, earthquake, fire, or disruptive incidents of human extremism. While the incidences of natural disaster are remote, these may result in significant loss of life and property. There is no fire sensitive establishment within or vicinity of the industrial complex. Adequate, fire fighting arrangement at micro level will be provided by the promoter.

Most of the situations are likely to be in the category of Level 1 Emergency (a local incident with a likely impact only to immediate surroundings of local site, where the impact radius may not be more than 15 m, such as, local fire, etc.) or Level 3 Emergency (an incident with likely impact area extending beyond the boundary limits of the project area, such as, floods, earthquakes, etc.). On site emergency management will meet the exigency created due to all Level 1 emergencies. Level 3 emergencies need off-site management plan.

5.4 Management, staffing and capacity development The industry shall have an environmental, health and safety committee (from amongst the regular staff of the industry), headed by a co-ordinator, who will be adequately trained.

Suitable training programs will be arranged for the manpower, which are directly responsible for the pollution control systems and emergency response planning, in their respective field/area of responsibility.

An estimated 5 % of the project cost has been earmarked for implementation of environmental management plan.

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