Exchange Server 2010

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT MC LC LI M U .............................................................................................................3 PHN I: CC GIAO THC TRUYN NHN MAIL .............................................4 I. Gii thiu tng quan v E-mail ............................................................................4 2.Li ch ca th in t (E-mail) so vi th truyn thng .................................5 3.Cc nhn t c bn ca mt h thng E-mail....................................................5 4.C ch hot ng ca th in t ......................................................................7 5.Kin trc ca th in t ...................................................................................9 6.Nhng chc nng c bn ca h thng th in t .........................................10 II. Cc giao thc truyn nhn E-mail.....................................................................12 1.SMTP (Simple Mail Tranfer Protocol) ...........................................................12 1.1.Gii thiu.................................................................................................12 1.2. M hnh SMTP .......................................................................................12 1.3. Th tc SMTP ........................................................................................14 1.4 c t SMTP ...........................................................................................20 1.5 Giao thc m rng SMTP ( ESMTP) .....................................................27 2.POP3 ................................................................................................................28 2.1 Gii thiu.................................................................................................28 2.2 Thao tc c bn .......................................................................................28 2.3 Trng thi xc nhn (Authorization State) ..............................................30 2.4 Trng thi giao dch ................................................................................32 2.5 Trng thi cp nht ..................................................................................34 2.6 Cc lnh POP3 chn la .........................................................................34 3.IMAP(RFC2060, RFC2193,) ......................................................................36 3.1. Mt s lnh ca IMAP4: ........................................................................37 4.MIME ..............................................................................................................43 PHN II: TNG QUAN MICROSOFT EXCHANGE SERVER 2010 ..................46 I.Tng quan Microsoft Exchange Server 2010 ......................................................46 1. Linh ng v ng tin cy ..............................................................................47 2 Truy cp thng tin bt c u.......................................................................48 3 Kh nng bo mt v tun th quy nh thng tin cao ....................................50 II. S thay i ca Microsoft Exchange 2010 so vi cc phin bn trc ............51 Trang 1

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT 1.Mt s phn c loi b trong Microsoft Exchange 2010 so vi phin bn trc....................................................................................................................51 2.Ci tin phng thc qun l ..........................................................................51 3.Khi phc n .................................................................................................53 4.Windows Mobile .............................................................................................53 5.Cho php phn quyn t qun tr bng cng c ECP......................................53 6.Nhng ci tin v tc ..................................................................................54 7. Mt s hn ch ...............................................................................................54 III. Nhng cng ngh trong Microsoft Exchange 2010 .........................................55 1.H thng th in t thng nht (Unified messaging) ....................................55 2.Phc hi Mailbox( Mailbox Resiliency) .........................................................56 3.Cng c qun l (Management tools) .............................................................58 4.Theo di v bo v thng tin ( Information Protection and Control)..............59 5. Mt s chc nng khc ...................................................................................62 PHN III: TRIN KHAI V CI T M HNH EXCHANGE SERVER 2010 ...................................................................................................................................63 I.Yu cu khi ci t Exchange Server 2010 .........................................................63 1.Yu cu phn cng ..........................................................................................63 2.Yu cu h iu hnh (Oparator System), Role & Features ...........................63 3.Yu cu h tng ...............................................................................................64 II. Trin khai ..........................................................................................................64 1.M hnh & chun b.........................................................................................64 2.Thc hin .........................................................................................................65 2.1 Ci t Exchange Server 2010 trn my Domain ...................................65 2.2 Ci t Exchange Edge Transport, ForeFont Protection v TMG 2010 trn my TMG ...............................................................................................71 3.Mt s tnh nng ca ForeFront TMG dnh cho Email ..................................78 3.1Cu hnh Email Policy .............................................................................78 3.2 Cu hnh Anti Spam Policy .....................................................................80

Trang 2

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT

LI M UNgy nay, cng vi s bng n v pht trin ca cng ngh thng tin v mng Internet trn ton th gii vic trao i thng tin tr nn d dng hn. Mt trong nhng cch trao i thng tin trn Internet khng th khng nhc ti v nhng tin ch v li ch m n mang li l th in t hay cn gi l E-mail ( Electronic mail). Th in t (E-mail) l mt h thng truyn nhn th t qua Internet hay cc mng my tnh (Computer network). E-mail c nhng li ch ng k so vi cch vit th truyn thng giy v mc. Mt thng ip, mt tin nhn, li chc mng, hay vn bn, hay c th c gi ti bt k thi im no, bt k ni no trn ton th gii mt cch d dng v nhanh chng gn nh l ngay lp tc. Email chng nhng c th truyn gi c ch, n cn c th truyn c cc dng thng tin khc nh hnh nh, m thanh, phim, v c bit cc phn mm th in t kiu mi cn c th hin th cc E-mail dng sng ng tng thch vi kiu tp HTML. i vi cc doanh nghip, E-mail li cng tr nn quan trng hn trong. Nhng mu tin qung co gi ti nhiu khch hng, cc bn hp ng gi ti nhng i tc trong nc hay ngoi nc, hay cc thng bo cho cc nhn vin trong cng ty , vi kh nng chuyn giao nhanh chng gn nh l ngay lp tc, khng khong cch, v chi ph r th E-mail l mt s la chn khng th thiu cho cc doanh nghip. Do , trong n mn thc tp chuyn nghnh Mng my tnh v truyn thng : Tm hiu cc giao thc dng cho email. Trin khai 1 h thng mail cho doanh nghip vi c ch bo mt dng Exchange server 2010.. Chng ta s tm hiu ti cc vn lin quan ti th in t, cc giao thc truyn nhn mail. Tm hiu v nhng chc nng ca Exchange server 2010 phn mm my ch ca hng Microsoft. Chng ta s xy dng h thng E-mail cho doanh nghip thit lp cc c ch bo mt, kh nng chng spam mail, bng phn mm my ch Exchange server 2010. Trong qu trnh lm n cn rt nhiu thiu st. Rt mong nhn c kin gip ca Thy(C) hon thnh tt n chuyn nghnh ny. Ti cng chn thnh cm n thy L Quc Tun hng dn ti lm n ny. Trang 3


PHN I: CC GIAO THC TRUYN NHN MAILCng vic pht trin cc h thng Mail (Mail System) i hi hnh thnh cc chun v Mail. iu ny gip cho vic gi nhn cc thng ip c m bo , lm cho nhng ngi cc ni khc nhau c th trao i thng tin cho nhau. C 2 chun v Mail quan trng nht v c s dng nhiu nht t trc n nay l X.400 v SMTP ( Simple Mail Transfer Protocol). SMTP thng i km vi chun POP3 v do hn ch ca SMTP m ngy nay ngi ta dng chun m rng ca n l ESMTP (Extended SMTP). Mc ch chnh ca X.400 l cho php cc mail c th c truyn nhn thng qua cc loi mng khc nhau bt chp cu hnh phn cng, h iu hnh mng , giao thc truyn dn c dng. Cn mc ch ca chun SMTP miu t cch iu khin cc thng ip trn mng Internet. iu quan trng ca chun SMTP l gi nh my nhn phi dng giao thc SMTP gi Mail cho 1 Server lun lun hot ng. Sau , ngi nhn s n ly Mail ca h t Server khi no h mun dng giao thc POP (Post Office Protocol), ngy nay POP c ci tin thnh POP3 (Post Officce Protocol vertion 3). Cc giao thc Mail thng dng : chun X.400, chun IMAP, SMTP (ESMTP), POP3. Trong phn ny chng ta s lm r cc giao thc truyn nhn mail ny, c ch gi v nhn Mail nh th no? I. Gii thiu tng quan v E-mail 1. Khi nim th in t (E-mail) E-mail hay th in t l mt phng tin truyn t thng tin rt nhanh. Mt mu thng tin (th t) c th c gi i dng m ho hay dng thng thng v c chuyn qua cc mng my tnh c bit l mng Internet. N c th chuyn mu thng tin t mt my ngun ti mt hay rt nhiu my nhn trong cng lc. Ngy nay, email khng nhng c th truyn gi c cc k t, m cn c th truyn c cc dng thng tin khc nh hnh nh, m thanh, phim v c bit cc phn mm th in t kiu mi cn c th hin th cc email dng sng ng tng thch vi kiu tp HTML. Trang 4

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT 2.Li ch ca th in t (E-mail) so vi th truyn thng Thay v vit th bng giy mc v bt th ngi gi ch cn g ch t bn phm ca my tnh v bit dng mt phn mm th in t (email program). L th c gi trn h thng bu chnh l vt liu khng cn my nhn hay my gi. Trong khi , nu gi th in t, ch c cc tn hiu in m ho ni dung bc th in t c truyn i n my nhn. Do , ch c ni dung hay cch trnh by l th in t l c bo ton. Trong khi , dng ng bu in ngi ta c th gi i cc vt liu hm cha thm ni dung hay ngha khc. iu ny c th rt quan trng i vi nhiu ngi. Vn tc truyn th in t ch vi giy n vi pht v chi ph rt nh khng ng k so vi gi qua ng bu in Dng th in t th bt k lc no cng c th m phn mm th in t ra c nn tin li hn l vic phi b th cc thng th. ng thi, v mi ngi dng th u phi nhp mt khu vo my nn th in t s kh b ngi chung c ln so vi th gi bu in. Nhng ngc li, cc tay tin tc xa l c th xm nhp vo h thng th in t ca c nhn nu nh cc mt m hay cc h thng an ton phn mm b b gy. Khi lng gi v nhn th in t c th nhiu hn th bu in rt nhiu ln. Th in t khng th b h hai vt l. Th in t c th b nhim virus, cc m c hi Kh nng chuyn tip th nhanh chng Hp th l ni ct gi cc th t vi a ch xc nh. Tng t, trong h thng th in t, th hp th ny tng ng vi phn d liu cha ni dung cc email cng vi i ch ca ngi ch th in t. im khc bit y l hp th in t s c nhiu chc nng hn l vic xo b cc th c. Mi ngi c th c mt hay nhiu a ch email (v phi c ng k qua mt h thng no ). Mi hp th s c mt a ch phn bit khng bao gi trng vi a ch email khc. 3.Cc nhn t c bn ca mt h thng E-mail Thng thng mt h thng mail bao gm 3 thnh phn c bn:MUA, MTA, MDA. Trang 5


Hnh 1: Cc nhn t c bn ca h thng mail Mail User Agent (MUA) MUA l chng trnh qun l th u cui cho php ngi dng c th c son tho v gi mail. MUA c th ly th t mail server v x l(s dng giao thc POP)hoc chuyn th cho mt MUA khc thng qua MTA(s dng giao thc SMTP). MUA c th x l trc tip th ngay trn mail server (s dng giao thc IMAP). Chc nng chnh ca MUA l cung cp giao din cho ngi dng tng tc vi th,gm c: Son tho, gi th. Hin th th gm c cc tp tin nh km. Gi tr (Relay) hay chuyn tip th (Create New). nh km cc tp tin vo cc th gi i (Text, HTML, MIME). Thay i cc tham s (v d nh server c s dng,kiu hin th th,kiu m ha th). Thao tc trn cc th mc th a phng v xa. Cung cp s a ch th (danh b a ch). Lc th. Mail Tranfer Agent (MTA) Khi cc th c gi n t MUA, MTA c nhim v nhn din ngi gi v ngi nhn t thng tin ng gi trong phn header v in cc thng tin cn thit Trang 6

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT vo header.Sau MTA s chuyn th cho MDA chuyn n hp th ngay ti MTA,hoc chuyn cho Remote MTA.

Vic chuyn giao cc th c cc MTA quyt nh da trn a ch ngi nhn. Nu n trng vi hp th do MTA (Local-MTA) qun l th th c chuyn cho MDA chuyn vo hp th. Nu a ch th b li, th c th c chuyn li ngi gi. Nu khng b li nhng khng phi l th ca MTA, tn min c s dng xc nh xem Remote MTA no s nhn th theo cc bn ghi MX trn h thng tn min.

Khi cc MX xc nh c Remote MTA qun l tn min th khng c ngha l ngi nhn thuc Remote MTA m Remote MTA c th n gin ch trung chuyn (th) cho mt MTA khc,c th nh tuyn th cho a ch khc nh vai tr ca mt dch v domain o (domain gateway) hoc ngi nhn khng tn ti v Remote MTA s gi li cho MUA mt li cnh bo(warning).

Microsoft Exchange Server l mt MTA dng giao thc SMTP ng vai tr l mt SMTP Server lm nhim v phn phi th t vng ny sang vng khc. Mail Delivery Agent (MDA) L mt chng trnh c MTA s dng chuyn th vo hp th ca ngi dng.Ngoi ra MDA cn c kh nng lc th, nh hng thMTA c th tch hp mt hay nhiu MDA.

4.C ch hot ng ca th in tE-mail l dch v rt ph bin v thng dng trong mng Internet/Intranet v hu nh khng th thiu c trong Internet/Intranet hin nay. Tuy nhin khng phi l dch v t u - n cui (end to end). Ngha l dch v ny khng i hi hai my tnh gi v nhn th phi ni trc tip vi nhau thc hin vic chuyn th. N l dch v kiu lu v chuyn tip (store-and-forward) th c chuyn t my ny sang my khc cho ti khi my ch nhn c. Ngi nhn cng ch thc hin mt s thao tc n gin ly th, c th v nu cn th cho in ra. Cch lin lc ny thun tin hn nhiu so vi gi th thng thng qua bc in hoc Fax, li Trang 7

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT r v nhanh hn. Cch thc hin vic chuyn th khng cn phi kt ni trc tip vi nhau chuyn th, th c th c chuyn t my ny n my khc cho ti my ch.. Giao thc truyn thng s dng cho h thng th in t ca Internet l SMTP(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol).

Hnh 2: C ch hot ng ca th in t(E-mail) Giao thc lin lc : mc d gi th trn Internet s dng nhiu giao thc khc nhau, nhng giao thc SMTP c dng trong vic vn chuyn mail gia cc trm. Giao thc ny c t trong hai chun l trong RFC 822 (nh ngha cu trc ca th ) v RFC 821(c t giao thc trao i th gia hai mng) ngoi ra trong RFC2821 s ni r cc qui lut v cch hot ng ca giao thc. L giao thc c bn chuyn th gia cc my Client, SMTP c mt b gi th, mt b nhn th, v mt tp hp lnh dng gi th t ngi gi n ngi nhn. Giao thc SMTP hot ng theo m hnh khch/ch (Client/ Server) vi mt tp lnh n gin, trnh khch (SMTP mail Client) s bt tay vi trnh ch (SMTP mail Server) gi cc yu cu tip nhn mail. Trnh ch c ni dung mail do trnh khch gi n v lu vo mt th mc nht nh tng ng vi tng user trn my ch. C mi trm e-mail thng bao gm t nht l hai dch v: POP3 (Post Office Protocol Version 3) c nhim v nhn/tr th t/ti e-mail client v dch v SMTP (Simple E-mail Transfer Protocol) c nhim v nhn/phn phi th t/n POP3 ng thi trao i th vi cc trm e-mail trung gian. POP3 c tm thy trong RFC 1725 hay RFC 1939, l mt giao thc n gin nht, cho php ly mail v t trnh ch POP3 Server. Ngoi tra trm e-mail ny c th b sung thm mt s dch v khc nh ESMTP, IMAP v dch v MX Record ca dch v DNS hay dch v chuyn tip mail(Forward or relay). IMAP(INTERNET MESSAGE ACCESS PROTOCOL - VERSION 4rev1) thc cht l giao thc mi b Sung v m rng hn ca giao thc POP3 cn thiu. IMAP cho php c, xo, gi, duy chuyn mail Trang 8

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT ngay trn my ch. iu ny rt thun tin cho ngi nhn mail phi thng xuyn di chuyn mail t my ny sang my khc trong qu trnh lm vic. Tuy nhin chi ph ci t mt trm e-mail c giao thc IMAP l rt cao so vi giao thc POP3. Mi ngi dng (client) u phi kt ni vi mt E-mail Server gn nht (ng vai tr bu cc a phng) phi c mt tn (e-mail account) trn mt trm email v s dng chng trnh e-mail client (v d nh Eudora, Netscape...). Sau khi son tho xong th v r a ch ch (ngi nhn) ri gi th ti E-mail-Server ca mnh. E-mail Server ny c nhim v s t ng kim tra v nh hng chuyn th ti ch hoc chuyn th ti mt E-mail-Server trung gian khc. Th chuyn ti E-mail-Server ca ngi nhn v c lu . n khi ngi nhn thit lp ti mt cuc kt ni ti E-mai-Server th th s chuyn v my ngi nhn, nu khng th th vn tip tc gi li server m bo khng b mt. Phn khc ca ng dng th in t l cho php ngi s dng nh km (attachments) theo th mt tp tin bt k (c th dng nh phn chng hn chng trnh chy). Nh vy gi/nhn th ngi s dng ch cn quan tm ti cch s dng chng trnh e-mail client. Hin nay c nhiu chng trnh E-mail client nh Microsoft Outlook Express, Eudora Pro, Peagasus mail, ....v mt dch v e-mail client rt ph bin by gi l Webmail. 5.Kin trc ca th in t V c bn, mt bc Mail bao gm 3 phn chnh: Phn phong b (Envelope): M t thng tin v ngi gi v ngi nhn. Phn ny do cc MTA to ra v s dng, n cha cc thng tin chuyn nhn email nh a ch ca ni nhn, a ch ca ni gi. Hay ni cch khc, giao thc SMTP s quy nh thng tin ca phong b, cc h thng Email cn nhng thng tin ny chuyn d liu t mt my tnh ny sang mt my tnh khc. Phn tiu (header): cha ng cc thng tin v ngi gi, ngi nhn, ch bc Mail, a ch hi m .v.v.. Cc thng tin ny, mt s c ngi s dng cung cp khi gi Mail, mt s khc c chng trnh Mail thm vo, v s cn li do H thng in thm.

Trang 9

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT Phn ny cung cp nhng thng tin tng qut v Email nh ngi nhn, ngi gi, ngy gi nhn... Cu to gm nhiu trng (field) cu trc mi trng l mt dng vn bn ASCII chun 7 bit nh sau: : Date From To Cc Bcc Sau y l mt s trng thng dng v ngha ca n : Ch ngy gi nhn mail ch ngi gi ch ngi nhn ch ngi nhng nhn bn copy ca mail ch ra nhng ngi nhn bn copy ca bc mail, nhng tng ngi khng bit nhng ngi no s nhn bc th ny Return-path cha cc thng tin ngi nhn c th tr li li (thng n chnh l a ch ngi gi) Subject ch ca ni dung Email Cc trng trn l cc trng chun do giao thc SMTP quy nh, ngoi ra trong phn header cng c th c thm mt s trng khc do chng trnh Email to ra nhm qun l cc email m chng to. Cc trng ny c bt u bng k t Xv thng tin theo sau l cng ging nh ta thy trn mt trng chun. Phn ni dung (body): cha ng ni dung ca bc Mail, l ni dung c to ra bi trnh son tho Editor ca chng trnh Mail. phn bit phn tiu v phn ni dung ca bc Mail, ngi ta qui c t ranh gii l mt dng trng (chui k t "\r\n"). Kt thc ca phn ni dung l chui k t kt thc Mail: "\r\n.\r\n". Nh vy ni dung bc Mail nm trong khong gia dng trng u tin v k t kt thc Mail, v trong phn ni dung ca bc Mail khng c php tn ti chui k t kt thc Mail. Mt khc do mi trng truyn thng l mng Internet nn cc k t cu thnh phn body ca bc Mail cng phi l cc k t ASCII chun. 6.Nhng chc nng c bn ca h thng th in t Cc h thng th in t thng bao gm hai h thng con: cc tc nhn ngi s dng (the user agents - gi tt l UA), n cho php chng ta c v gi Trang 10

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT th, v cc tc nhn truyn thng ip (the message transfer agents - gi tt l MTA), n lm nhim v chuyn cc thng ip t ngun n ch. Cc UAs l cc chng trnh cc b h tr da trn iu khin bng lnh, trnh n menu hay dng phng php ho tng tc vi h thng th in t. Cc MTAs l cc trnh tin ch hot ng ch nn (background) thc hin cc nhim v cn thit nh tip nhn th in t v chuyn th qua cc h thng. c bit, cc h thng th in t h tr nm chc nng c bn, c m t di y: - Composition: X l vic to cc thng ip v tr li. Cho php bt c trnh son tho no c th c s dng cho phn thn ca thng ip, cc h thng c th t n m trch vic nh a ch v ch s cc trng tiu (header fields) c km theo cng vi mi thng ip. V d nh, khi tr li mt thng ip, h thng th in t c th tch a ch ca ngi gi t cc th c gi n v t ng chn n vo cc trng thch hp trong phn hi m (reply). - Transfer: Lm nhim v chuyn cc thng ip t ngi gi n ni ngi nhn. Trong phn ny, vic chuyn cc thng ip yu cu phi thit lp mt kt ni n ch (ngi nhn) hay mt s thao tc ca thit b nh xut thng ip v kt thc vic kt ni. H thng th in t lm vic ny mt cch t ng m khng cn c mt s can thip no ca ngi s dng. - Reporting: Buc phi thc hin bo cho ngi gi nhng g xy ra i vi thng ip va gi l tnh hung gi n ch cha? hoc vic gi b hu b? hoc th b lc?. - Displaying: Nhng thng ip gi n c yu cu lm sao mi ngi c th c c th ca h. i khi ngi ta yu cu qu trnh chuyn i hay mt trnh hin th c bit h tr, v d nh, nu thng ip c dng mt tp PostScript hay ting ni c s ho km theo trong thng ip gi n. - Disposition: L bc cui cng lin quan n nhng g ngi nhn thc hin i vi thng ip sau khi nhn n. Nhng kh nng c th l nm n i trc khi c, nm n i sau khi c, lu n, v ..v. N cng s c th thu nhn c li vi cc thng ip c lu li, chuyn tip chng hoc x l chng bng nhng phng php khc nhau khi c yu cu ca ngi s dng.

Trang 11

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT Thm vo cc dch v ny, hu ht cc h thng th in t cung cp nhiu c tnh nng cao khc nhau. Mt s c tnh tiu biu nh, khi ngi ta mun chuyn th hay khi h ngh xa hn v cc chi tit v thi gian, c l h mun th ca h c chuyn tip, chnh v th m h thng thc hin iu ny mt cch t ng. Hu ht cc h thng cho php ngi s dng to cc hp th (mailboxes) lu tr cc th chuyn n (incoming email). Cc lnh c ngi ta yu cu to v hu b cc hp th, kim tra cc ni dung hp th, chn v xo cc thng ip khi hp th, II. Cc giao thc truyn nhn E-mail 1.SMTP (Simple Mail Tranfer Protocol) 1.1.Gii thiu Mc ch ca giao thc SMTP l truyn mail mt cch tin cy v hiu qu. Giao thc SMTP khng ph thuc vo bt k h thng c bit no v n ch yu cu trt t ca d liu truyn trn knh truyn m bo tnh tin cy. Mt c trng quan trng ca SMTP l kh nng chia ca Mail qua mi trng dch v giao chuyn, mt dch v giao chuyn cung cp mt mi trng truyn thng lin qu trnh (Interprocess Communication Environment IPCE ). Mt mi trng truyn thng lin qu trnh c th bao gm mt Network, vi Network, hay mt tp hp con ca Network. iu quan trng cho vic thc hin h thng giao chuyn (hay cc IPCE) one-to-one vi Network, mt qu trnh c th giao tip vi mt qu trnh khc thng qua vic nhn bit IPCE. Mail l ng dng hay l cch dng ca giao tip lin qu trnh, Mail c th giao tip gia cc qu trnh trong nhng IPCE khc bng cch chia ca thng qua mt qu trnh c kt ni n hai (hay nhiu ) IPCE. Chi tit hn Mail c th chia ca gia nhng Host trn h thng giao chuyn khc nhau bng mt Host trn c hai h thng chuyn giao 1.2. M hnh SMTP SMTP c thit k da trn m hnh giao tip sau: nh kt qu ca mt yu cu Mail ca user . Sender- SMTP thit lp mt knh hai ng vn chuyn n mt receiver- SMTP . Receiver- SMTP c th l ch n cui cng hay mt trung Trang 12

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT gian. Nhng lnh SMTP c sinh ra bi Sender-SMTP gi n Receiver- SMTP. Nhng reply SMTP c gi t Receiver- SMTP n Sender- SMTP trong s p ng cho nhng lnh . Khi mt knh giao chuyn c thit lp sender-SMTP gi i 1 lnh Mail biu th cho Sender ca mail . Nu Receiver-SMTP c th chp nhn mail, n tr li vi mt OK reply. Sau Sender-SMTP gi mt lnh RCPT nhn din Receiver mail nu Receiver-SMTP c th chp nhn mail n tr li vi 1 OK reply nu khng n s li vi 1 reply bc b receiver (nhng khng phi ton b s giao dch ). Sender- SMTP v Receiver- SMTP c th iu nh vi vi recipient, khi nhng recipient c dn xp Sender-SMTP gi mail data kt thc vi mt chui c bit nu receiver x l mail data thnh cng n tr li vi 1 OK reply. Cuc hi thoi mt cch ch lock step (one-at-a-time) User Sender SMTPFile System

SMTP Commands / Replies

Receiver SMTP

File System SMTP cung cp nhng c ch giao chuyn Mail mt - SMTP tip t Host ca Sender Receiver cch trc User gi n host ca user nhn khi c hai host c kt ni n cng dch v giao SMTP Hnh 3: M hnh tng qut s dng giao thc SMTP chuyn hay qua nhiu SMTP-Sever tip vn khi host xut pht hay ch n khng c kt ni n cng dch v chuyn giao. c th cung cp kh nng tip vn SMTP-Sever phi c cung cp tn ca host n cng chng hn nh hn ca Mailhost n . i s ca lnh mail l 1 reverse-path n c t mail t u n; i s cho RCPT l 1 Forward-path n c t mail i n u. Forward-path l mt l trnh ngun, reverse-path l mt l trnh tr v (n c th c dng tr v mt message cho sender- khi xy ra li vi 1 message c tip vn). Khi cng mt message c gi cho nhiu recipient SMTP khuyn khch chuyn giao ch mt bn sao ca data cho tt c cc Receiver cng mt host ch. Nhng command v reply mail c nhng c php khc khe. Nhng reply cng c mt m s. Trong nhng th d theo sau s xut hin nhng lnh (commands) v nhng tr li (replies) , mt danh sch cc lnh v reply hon chnh trong phn 4. Trang 13

and Mail

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT Cc command v reply khng phn bit kiu ch hoa hay thng. Lu , iu ny khng ng vi tn ca User mailbox. Cho mt s host tn ca user c phn bit kiu ch, SMTP phi thi hnh y vic nhn kiu ch v gi gn kiu ch ca nhng user name nh chng xut hin trong nhng i s ca mailbox. Host names khng phn bit kiu ch. Cc command v reply l nhng k t c to ra t tp k t ASCII{1}, khi dch v vn chuyn cung cp mt knh chuyn giao 8 bit (octet). Mi mt k t 7 bit c truyn ng bng cch chuyn n v h 8 (octet) vi bit c th t cao nht b xa v 0. 1.3. Th tc SMTP 1.3.1 Mail C 3 bc cho s giao dch SMTP mail. Giao dch c bt u vi yu cu Mail mang s nhn din sender, tip theo sau l mt chui ca mt hay nhiu lnh RCPT trao nhng thng tin ca receiver, sau mt lnh DATA cho mail data.V cui cng l phn ch nh kt thc mail data xc nhn giao dch . Bc u tin trong th tc l lnh MAIL... cha hp th(mailbox) ngun MAIL FROM : Lnh ny bo cho receiver bit mt giao dch mail mi s bt u v reset tt c cc bng trng thi v cc buffer ca n bao gm tt c recipient hay mail data. N pht ra reverse-path c th c dng bo li. Nu c chp nhn receiverSMTP tr v mt reply 250 OK c th cha nhiu hn mt mailbox. l mt l trnh ngun tr v lit k cc host v mailbox ngun. Host u tin trong reversepath s l host gi lnh ny. Bc th hai trong th tc ny l lnh RCPT RCPT To: Lnh ny pht i mt forward-path nhn din receipient. Nu c chp nhn receiver-SMTP tr v mt reply 250 OK. V lu li forward-path. Nu receipient khng nhn bit th receiver tr v reply 550 Failure. Forward-path c th cha nhiu hn mt mailbox. Forward-path l l Trang 14

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT trnh ngun lit k cc host v mailbox ch. Host u tin trong s l host nhn lnh ny. Bc th ba trong th tc l lnh DATA: DATA Nu chp nhn receiver-SMTP tr v mt reply 354 v coi tt c cc dng ni tip l message text. Khi vn bn cui cng c nhn v lu tr receiver-SMTP gi mt reply 250 OK. K t mail data c gi trn knh chuyn giao, im kt thc ca mail data phi c ch nh hi thoi command v reply c th bt u tr li. SMTP ch nh kt thc ca mail data bng cch gi mt dng cha ch mt du chm. Ch rng mail data bao gm nhng mc (item) memo header chng hn nh Subject, To, Cc, From. Phn ch nh kt thc ca mail data cng xc nhn s giao dch mail v bo cho receiver-SMTP bit x l vic lu tr recipient v mail data ngay lc . Nu c chp nhn receiver-SMTP tr v mt reply 250 OK. Lnh DATA s ch fail nu giao dch mail khng hon thnh (v d khng c receiver) hoc nu ti nguyn khng c hiu lc. Th tc trn l mt v d ca mt giao dch mail. Nhng lnh ny ch c dng trong nhng trt t c trnh by trn. V d : 1.3.2 Forwarding C mt s trng hp thng tin ca ch n trong b sai nhng receiver-SMTP bit ch n ng. Trong trng hp nh vy mt trong nhng reply sau s c dng cho php sender tip xc ch n ng : 251 User not local ; will forward to Reply ny ch cho receiver-SMTP bit mailbox ca user nm trn mt host khc v ch nh forward-path ng sau s dng. Lu mt trong hai host hay user hay c hai c th khc nhau . Receiver chu trch nhim cho vic phn phi nhng message. 551 User not local ; please try Reply ny ch cho receiver-SMTP bit mailbox ca user nm trn mt host khc v ch nh forward-path ng s dng . Lu host hoc l user Trang 15

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT hay c hai c th khc nhau . Receiver t chi chp nhn mail cho user A. Sender phi nh hng li cho mail tu theo nhng thng tin c cung cp hoc l tr tr li error cho user khi u 1.3.3.Kim tra v m rng( Verifying and Expanding) SMTP cung cp thm nhng im c trng, cc lnh kim tra mt user name hay m rng mt danh sch a ch c lm vi lnh VRFY v EXPN n dng i s kiu chui k t. Vi lnh VRFY chui l mt user name, v cu tr li(response) c th bao gm full name ca user v phi bao gm mailbox ca user . Vi lnh EXPN chui nh danh mt danh sch a ch v cu tr li c nhiu dng c th cha full name ca cc user v phi cha nhng mailbox trn danh sch a ch (mailing list). Nu mt host c b sung lnh VRFY hay EXPN th t nht nhng mailbox cc b phi c tha nhn nh luser names. Nu mt host chn la tha nhn nhng chui khc nh user names th iu c cho php. Trong mt s host s phn bit gia mt mailing list v mt b danh cho single mailbox hi m h. T mt cu trc d liu ph bin c th gi c hai kiu phn t v n c th dng cc mailing list ca mt mailbox. Nu mt yu cu c to ra kim tra mt mailing list mt cu tr li khng nh c th c cho nu trn message nhn c c nh a ch n s c phn pht cho tt c mi ngi trong danh sch . Mt khc mt li s c bo co (e.g., "550 That is a mailing list, not a user"). Nu mt yu cu c to ra m rng mt user name mt cu tr li khng nh c th c cu hnh bng cch tr v mt danh sch cha mt tn hay mt li c th c bo co (e.g., "550 That is a user name, not a mailing list"). Trong trng hp mt reply nhiu dng (thng cho EXPN) l mt mailbox c c t trn tng dng ca reply mt cch chnh xc. Trong trng hp ny mt yu cu nhp nhng kh hiu nh : VRFY Smith c hai cu tr li ca Smith phi l "553 User ambiguous". Nhng i s chui k t ca lnh VRFY v EXPN khng th vt qua gii hn c quyn trn s b sung a dng ca user name v khi nim mailbox. Trn mt s h thng n c th dnh ring cho i s ca lnh EXPN l mt file name Trang 16

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT cho mt file cha mt mailing list nhng li c mt qui c a dng ca vic c tn file trong internet. 1.3.4 Sending and Mailing Mc ch chnh ca SMTP l phn phi nhng message n nhng mailbox ca user . Mt dch v rt ph bin c cung cp bi mt s host l phn phi nhng message n nhng terminal ca user( cung cp cho user lm vic trn host ) . S phn pht n nhng mail box ca user c gi l mailing, s phn pht n nhng user terminal c gi l sending. Bi v mt s host c s thc thi ca sending gn ging vi s thc thi ca mailing chng l hai chc nng c lin kt vi SMTP. Mc d lnh sending khng bao gm trong yu cu thc thi ti thiu. Nhng user c kh nng iu khin vic ghi message ln nhng terminal ca h. Hu ht cc host cho php chp nhn hay t chi nhng message. Ba lnh sau c nh ngha cung cp nhng option cho sending. Chng c dng trong giao dch mail thay cho lnh MAIL v cung cp cho receiverSMTP nhng ng ngha giao dch c bit SEND FROM: Lnh SEND i hi mail data c gi n user terminal. Nu user khng hot ng (hay khng chp nhn nhng terminal message) trn host mt reply 450 c th c tr cho mt lnh RCPT. Giao chuyn mail thnh cng khi message c phn pht n terminal. SOML FROM: Lnh ny l SEND Or MAIL i hi mail data c phn pht n terminal ca user nu user ang hot ng (v chp nhn nhng message terminal) trn host . Nu user khng hot ng (haykhng chp nhn terminal message) th mail data c a vo trong mailbox ca user . Giao chuyn mail thnh cng khi message c phn pht n terminal hay mailbox. SAML FROM: Lnh ny l SEND And MAIL i hi mail data c phn pht n terminal ca user nu user ang hot ng (v chp nhn nhng message terminal) trn host . Trong nhng tt c trng hp mail data c a vo trong

Trang 17

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT mailbox ca user. Giao dch mail thnh cng khi message c phn pht n mailbox. Nhng m reply tng t c dng cho lnh MAIL cng c dng cho nhng lnh ny. 1.3.5 Opening and Closing Ngay thi im m knh giao chuyn c open c mt s trao i m bo nhng host ang giao tip vi nhng host khc. 1.3.6 Chia ca (Relaying) Forward-path c th l mt l trnh ngun ca form @ONE , @TWO:JOE@THREE vi ONE ,TWO, THREE l cc host. Form ny c dng nhn mnh s phn bit gia mt address v mt route. Mailbox l mt address tuyt i, v route l thng tin v vic ly chng nh th no . Nhng thnh phn ca forward-path c chuyn n reverse-path khi message c chia ca t mt server SMTP n mt server-SMTP khc. Reversepath l mt l trnh ngun tr v (khc vi mt l ngun l t v tr hin hnh ca message n im khi u ca message ). Khi mt server SMTP xa phn nhn dng ca n trong forward-path v chn phn nhn dng ca n vo trong reversepath, n phi dng ci tn m n c bit ti trong mi trng m n s gi vo, khng phi l mi trng m mail t n, trong trng hp server-SMTP c bit n vi nhng tn khc nhau trong nhng mi trng khc nhau. Nu mt message n mt SMTP thnh phn u tin ca forward-path khng phi l phn nhn dng ca SMTP , thnh phn ny khng b xo trong forward-path v c dng xc nh SMTP k gi message n. Trong trng hp ny SMTP thm phn nhn dng ca n vo reverse-path.. Dng l trnh ngun receiver-SMTP nhn mail chia ca n mt serverSMTP khc. Receiver-SMTP c th chp nhn hoc bc b cng vic chia ca cho mail, nh cch n chp nhn hay bc b mail cho mt user cc b. ReceiverSMTP thay i nhng i s lnh bng cch chuyn phn nhn dng ca n t forward-path vo ch m u ca reverse-path. Sau receiver-SMTP tr thnh sender-SMTP, thit lp mt knh truyn n SMTP k trong forward-path,v gi Trang 18

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT mail cho n. Host u tin trong reverse-path s l host gi cc lnh SMTP v host u tin trong forward-path s l host cc nhn cc lnh SMTP . Nu mt server-SMTP chp nhn cng vic chia ca mail v sau thy forward-path khng ng hay mail khng th c phn pht c v bt c l do no, th n phi xy dng mt message thng bo "undeliverable mail" (mail khng th phn pht) v gi n n ni xut pht ca mail khng th phn pht (c ch nh trong reverse-path). Message thng bo ny phi l t serverSMTP ti host . D nhin nhng server-SMTP s khng gi nhng message thng bo v nhng s c xy ra cho message thng bo . Mt cch ngn chn s lp li trong vic thng bo li l c t mt null reverse-path trong lnh MAIL ca message mt thng bo. Khi mt message thng bo nh vy c chia ca n c dng loi b reverse-path null. Mt lnh MAIL vi null reverse-path nh sau: MAIL FROM:< > Thng bo ny nm trong tr li cho mt message c khi ng bi JOE ti HOSTW v gi thng qua HOSTX n HOSTY vi ch th chia ca n n HOSTZ, n l bc u tin trong vic tr v message thng bo . 1.3.7 Domains Domains: l cch s dng cc tn vng tn min chuyn i t khng gian a ch tng th gm cc chui k t n gin sang mt khng gian a ch c cu trc c phn cp. Tn cc host c thay th bi cc tn min v my ch nh danh bao gm cc chui cc phn t min c phn ra thnh cc phn on c sp xp ngn np thnh mt a ch chung nht. 1.3.8 Changing Roles Lnh TURN c th dng o vai tr ca hai chng trnh ang giao tip trn knh giao chuyn. Nu chng trnh A ang l sender-SMTP hin hnh v n gi lnh TURN v nhn mt reply OK(250) th chng trnh A tr thnh receiverSMTP. Nu chng trnh B ang hin hnh receiver-SMTP hin hnh v n gi lnh TURN v nhn mt reply OK(250) th chng trnh B tr thnh senderSMTP. t chi thay i vai tr receiver gi reply 502

Trang 19

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT Lu l lnh ny khng bt buc. Thng n khng c dng trong tnh trng knh giao chuyn l TCP. Tuy nhin khi tr gi cho vic thit lp knh giao chuyn cao, lnh ny c th rt c ch. V d nh lnh ny c ch trong vic h tr l trao i mail dng h thng public switched telephone lm mt knh giao chuyn, c bit nu mt s host c cc host khc cho vic trao i mail. 1.4 c t SMTP 1.4.1Nhng lnh SMTP (SMTP commands) a. Ng ngha lnh Nhng lnh SMTP nh ngha s truyn mail hay chc nng ca h thng mail c yu cu bi user. Nhng lnh SMTP l nhng chui k t kt thc bng . Bn thn m lnh l nhng k t ch (alphabetic) kt thc bi nu c nhng tham s theo sau v khc. C php ca nhng mailbox phi tun theo nhng tho hip pha receiver. Nhng reply SMTP c bn n trong phn B. Mt s giao dch mail bao gm vi i tng d liu c giao tip khi nhng i s cho cc lnh khc nhau. Reverse-path l i s ca lnh MAIL. Forward-path l i s ca lnh RCPT. V mail data l i s ca lnh DATA. Ba i s v nhng i tng d liu c duy tr cho n khi xc nhn truyn xong bi s ch nh kt thc ca mail data th tht s kt thc giao dch. M hnh cho n l nhng buffer ring bit c cung cp gi kiu ca i tng d liu. Mt s lnh c trng sinh ra thng tin c gn vo mt buffer c trng, hay lm cho mt hay nhiu buffer b xo. HELLO (HELO) : Lnh ny dng nh danh sender-SMTP n receiver-SMTP. MAIL : Lnh ny c dng khi to mt giao dch mail trong mail data c phn phi n mt hay nhiu mailbox RECIPIENT (RCPT) : Lnh ny dng nh danh mt recipient (ngi nhn) mail data ring l, nhiu recipient c c t bng nhiu lnh ny. DATA(DATA) : Receiver x l nhng dng theo sau lnh ny khi mail data t sender n. N lm cho mail data t lnh ny c ghi vo data buffer. Mail data ny c th cha nhng k t ca 128 m ACII. Data mail c kt thc

Trang 20

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT bng mt dng ch cha mt du chm. l mt dy k t ". ".V l ch nh kt thc ca mail data. SEND (SEND) : Lnh ny dng khi to mt giao dch mail trong mail data c phn pht n mt hay nhiu terminal. Field i s cha mt reverse-path. Lnh ny thnh cng nu message c phn pht n mt terminal. END OR MAIL (SOML) : Lnh ny dng khi to mt giao dch mail trong mail data c phn pht n mt hay nhiu terminal hay mailbox. Cho tng recipient, data mail c phn pht n terminal ca recipient nu recipient ang hot ng trn host (v chp nhn nhng terminal message ), mt khc l n mailbox ca nhng recipient . Field i s cha mt reverse-path . Lnh ny thnh cng khi message c phn pht n mt terminal hay mailbox. SEND AND MAIL (SAML) : Lnh ny dng khi to mt giao dch mail trong mail data c phn pht n mt hay nhiu terminal v cc mailbox. Cho tng recipient data mail c phn pht n terminal ca recipient nu recipient ang hot ng trn host (v chp nhn nhng terminal message ) v cho tt c recipient th n mailbox ca cc recipient . RESET (RSET) : Lnh ny nh r giao dch mail hin hnh b hu b. Cc sender, recipient, mail data lu s b hu b v tt c cc bng trng thi, cc buffer b xo. Receiver phi gi mt reply OK. VERIFY (VRFY) : Lnh ny yu cu receiver xc nhn i s nh danh mt user. Nu n l mt user name, full name ca user (nu receiver bit) v mailbox c t y c tr v.Lnh ny khng nh hng n reverse-path buffer, forward-path buffer v data mail buffer. EXPAND (EXPN) : Lnh ny yu cu receiver xc nhn mt mailing list ( danh sch a ch) v tr v mt thnh phn trong danh sch . Full name ca cc user (nu bit) v nhng mailbox c c t y c tr v trong mt reply HELP (HELP) : Lnh ny lm cho receiver thng tin gip cho sender lnh HELP. Lnh ny c th nhn mt i s (c th l tn lnh) v tr v thng tin chi tit. Trang 21

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT NOOP (NOOP) : Lnh ny khng nh hng cc tham s hay cc lnh c a vo trc n, n c t khng c mt hnh ng no khc hn l receiver gi mt reply OK. QUIT (QUIT) : Lnh ny nh r receiver phi gi mt reply OK v sau ng knh giao dch . Receiver s khng ng knh giao dch cho n khi n nhn v tr li cho lnh QUIT (ngay c nu c mt li xy ra). Sender s khng ng knh giao dch cho n khi n gi mt lnh QUIT v nhn reply (ngay c nu c mt li tr li cho lnh trc ). Nu kt ni b ng trc thi gian mong mun receiver s lm vic nh va nhn c mt lnh RSET (b tt c cc giao dch ang treo m cha lm, nhng khng undo nhng giao dch hon tt trc ) sender s hnh ng nh nu lnh hay giao dch trong qu trnh x l nhn c mt li tm thi (4xx). TURN (TURN): Lnh ny xc nh receiver phi gi mt trong hai reply sau: (1) reply OK v sau nhn vai tr ca mt sender-SMTP, hay (2) gi mt reply t chi v gi li vai tr mt receiver-SMTP t chi thay i vai tr receiver gi mt reply 502 b. C php lnh - Cc lnh bao gm mt m lnh theo sau l i s ca lnh. M lnh l 4 k t alphabetic. Khng phn bit ch thng hoc ch hoa. - Gia m lnh v i s l mt hoc nhiu khong trng. Tuy nhin trong reverse-path v forward-path, kiu ch rt quan trng. c bit, trn mt s host, tn user cng phn bit kiu ch hoa v thng. - i s bao gm mt chui k t c chiu di bin i kt thc bng chui k t . - Du ngoc vung biu din cho mt vng i s tu chn. - Sau y l nhng lnh SMTP: HELO MAIL FROM: RCPT TO: DATA RSET Trang 22

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT SEND FROM: SOML FROM: SAML FROM: VRFY EXPN HELP [ ] NOOP QUIT TURN 1.4.2 SMTP Replies S phn hi cc lnh SMTP c a ra l chc chn tnh thng trong qu trnh th, ng thi m bo rng pha sender_SMTP lun lun bit c chnh xc trng thi ca receiver-SMTP mi cu lnh yu cu phi c tr li bng cc m thng tin phn hi chnh xc Mt reply SMTP bao gm mt s ba ch s (c truyn nh ba k t ch s) theo sau l mt s vn bn (text). S c dnh cho cc chng trnh t ng xc nh trng thi a vo k tip. Text trn c ngha cho user con ngi(khng phi my). Ba ch s c n nh cha y thng tin c m ho senderSMTP khng cn kim tra text v c th hu b hay chuyn n qua mt user thch hp. c bit text ny c th c lp vi receiver v c lp vi ng cnh, do c s ging nhau trong nhng text khc nhau tng m reply. Thng thng mt reply c nh ngha l chui gm: mt m ba ch s, , mt dng text, v , hay mt reply nhiu dng (nh nh ngha trong ph lc E) ch nhng lnh EXPN v HELP c kt qu l nhng reply nhiu dng trong nhng tnh hung bnh thng, tuy nhin nhng reply nhiu dng c chp nhn cho nhiu lnh Nhng m Reply cho mt nhm chc nng 500 501 211 214 220 Li c php, khng chp nhp lnh Li c php trong nhng i s hay nhng tham s Trng thi h thng, hay tr li gip v h thng Thng ip gip dch v sn sng Trang 23

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT 221 421 250 251 450 451 551 452 dch v ng knh giao chuyn dch v khng dng c, ng knh giao chuyn Hnh dng mail yu cu ok, hon thnh User khng cc b, s hng n forward-path Khng ly hnh ng mail yu cu: mailbox khng c hiu lc B qua hnh ng c yu cu; li trong qu trnh x l User khng cc b, vui lng th li Khng nhn hnh ng c yu cu : lu tr ca h thng khng 552 553 B qua hnh ng mail yu cu: vt qu ch nh lu tr Khng nhn hnh ng c yu cu : khng chp nhn tn mailbox [nh sai c php mailbox]. 554 Khi ng vic nhn mail; kt thc vi . giao chuyn b sai 1.4.3 S lin tc ca commands v reply S giao tip gia sender v receiver c nh l mt cuc hi thoi tun t do sender iu khin. Chng hn nh sender sinh ra mt lnh v receiver tr li vi mt reply. Sender phi ch s tr li ny trc khi gi thm lnh. Mt reply quan trng l cho hi kt ni. Thng thng mt receiver s gi mt reply 220 service ready khi kt ni hon thnh. Sender phi ch thng ip cho hi ny trc khi gi cc lnh. Lu : tt c cc reply kiu cho hi dng tn chnh thc ca host server l t u tin theo sau m reply Chui Commands v Reply Mi lnh c lit k vi cc reply c th ca n. Nhng tin t c dng trc nhng reply c th l P khi u (khng dng trong SMTP) I cho phn gia, S cho s thnh cng v E cho li. Reply 421 (dch v khng hiu lc, ng knh giao chuyn) c th cho mt s lnh nu receiver-SMTP nhn bit rng n phi shut down. S lit k sau y l cu trc c bn cho s trng thi(state diagram)Th t S F E

Trang 24

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TTCONNECTION ESTABLISHMENT HELLO MAIL RCPT 250 250 250, 251 552, 451, 452 550, 551, 552, 553, 450, 451, 452 DATA S: 250 552, 554, 451, 452, 451, 554 RSET SEND SOML SAML VRFY EXPN HELP NOOP QUIT TURN 250 250 250 250 250, 251 250 211, 214 250 221 250 502 552, 451, 452 552, 451, 452 552, 451, 452 550, 551, 553 550 500, 501, 504, 421 500, 501, 502, 421 500, 501, 502, 421 500, 501, 502, 421 500, 501, 502, 504, 421 500, 501, 502, 504, 421 500, 501, 502, 504, 421 500, 421 500, 421 500, 503 500, 501, 503, 421 500, 501, 504, 421 500, 501, 421 500, 501, 503, 421 220 421

1.4.4 S trng thi (State Diagram) Di y l s trng thi cho mt s thi hnh SMTP n gin. Ch mt ch s u tin ca nhng m reply c s dng . y l mt bng trng thi cho tng nhm lnh SMTP nhng nhm lnh ny c xc nh bng cch xy dng mt m hnh cho mi lnh v sau gom nhng lnh li vi nhau vi nhng m hnh ging nhau v cu trc. Cho mi lnh c ba kt qu thnh cng (S), tht bi (F), li (E) trong s trng thi sau chng ta dng k hiu B cho begin v k hiu W cho wait forreply. 1,2

B

DATA 3

W4,5 2

E S FTrang 25

1,3 data

W

4,5

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT Lu : data y l mt chui nhng dng gi t sender n receiver khng cn s tr li cho n khi dng cui cng c gi. 1.4.5 Chi tit a. S thc thi ti thiu Lp l lm cho SMTP c th lm vic, s thc thi ti thiu sau c yu cu cho tt c cc receiver COMMANDS HELO- MAIL- RCPT- DATA- RSET- NOOP- QUIT b. Tnh trong sut Khng c mt s cung cp no cho tnh trong sut d liu, chui k t . kt thc mail text v khng c user gi i. Thng thng user khng nhn bit c s ngn cn nhng chui k t . cho php tt c cc text son tho ca user c truyn mt cch r rng nhng th tc sau y c s dng. Trc khi gi mt dng mail text sender-SMTP kim tra k t u tin ca dng . Nu n l mt du chm, mt du chm ph c thm vo u dng. 2> Khi receiver-SMTP nhn mt dng mail text n kim tra dng . Nu dng ch c mt du chm n th n l kt thc ca mail. Nu k t u tin l mt du chm v theo sau l nhng k t khc nm trn cng dng. Th k t u tin b xo. Mail data c th cha cc k t m ASCII (128 k t) tt c cc k t c phn pht n mailbox ca recipient bao gm phn nh dng v nhng k t iu khin khc. Nu knh chuyn giao cung cp mt lung d liu 8 bit (octet), nhng m ASCII 7 bit trn c vn chuyn ng iu chnh li trong h bt phn vi bit cao nht b xo v 0. N c th cn thit bin i d liu c nhn hay lu tr . Trong mt s h thng, iu ny cn thit cho nhng host dng mt tp hp k t khc vi tp ASCII , nh tp k t cc b ca chng hay d liu lu trong nhng record nhiu hn chui. Nu nhng thay i trn l cn thit, chng phi khi phc li( bin i hai chiu) c nu nhng bin i c p dng cho mail c chia ca c. . Kch thc Trang 26

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT C vi i tng i hi kch thc nh nht ln nht. l tt c tt c s thc thi phi c nhn nhng i tng c kch thc ti thiu, nhng khng bt buc phi gi nhng i tng ln hn kch thc ny C PHM VI LN NHT C TH, THC THI K THUT NH LA KHNG GII HN CHIU DI CA NHNG I TNG S C DNG

user : Chiu di tng cng ln nht ca user name l 64 k t.

domain : Chiu di tng cng ln nht ca domain name hay s l 64 k t. path : Chiu di tng cng ln nht ca mt dng lnh bao gm nhng t lnh v l 512 k t. text line (dng vn bn) : Chiu di tng cng ln nht ca dng vn bn bao gm l 1000 k t (khng tnh du chm u c nhn ln cho vn trong sut). recipients buffer : Tng s recipient ln nht l 100 recipient. * Li vt qu quyn c gii hn c th c bo co bng cch dng nhng m reply. V d nh : 500 Line too long.(dng qu di) 501 Path too long (ng dn qu di) 552 Too many recipients.(qu nhiu recipient) 552 Too much mail data (qu nhiu mail data) 1.5 Giao thc m rng SMTP ( ESMTP) SMTP c mt hn ch gy kh khn ln trong vic truyn nhn mail l gii hn ti a kch thc ni dung mt bc mail ch l 128KB. Ngy nay ni dung cc bc mail khng ch l dng vn bn n thun m cn bao gm hnh nh, m thanh v nhiu loi d liu khc na, gii hn 128KB tr nn qu nh. Do vy ngi ta ci tin chun SMTP thnh mt chun m rng mi gi l ESMTP. - Chun ny cho php tng kch thc mail, n a thm t kho SIZE=nnnnnnnnn sau lnh khi ng cuc giao dch, nh ta c th tng gii hn kch thc ca mail ln trn 1MB, cha thm vo cc m thanh, hnh nh - bit xem Server MTA c theo chun ESMTP hay khng, thay v dng lnh HELLO u mt cuc giao dch, Client MTA dng lnh mi HELLO, nu Server

Trang 27

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT MTA c trang b, n s tr v m thnh cng l 250. Ngy nay chun ESMTP thay th chun SMTP a s cc h thng. V d : khi ng cuc giao dch vi kch thc mail ln ti 1MB, dng lnh s l : MAIL FROM : SIZE=1000000 2.POP3 2.1 Gii thiu Nghi thc POP3 c ci tin t nghi thc POP ( Post Office Protocol ). Trn internet mt loi no nh hn node thng khng thc t duy tr mt h thng vn chuyn message (message transport system: MTS), v d nh mt workstation khng c ti nguyn (recycle, disk space) hp l cho php mt SMTP server v mt h thng phn pht mail cc b kt hp gi thng tr v chy mt cch lin tc . Thng th n c th rt t (hay khng thch hp) gi mt personal computer ni vi mt IP-style netwrork trong mt thi gian di (node c bit s thiu ti nguyn nh connectivity) . Mc d vy, c th qun l mail rt hu hiu trn nhng node nh hn ny. V chng thng h tr mt user agent (UA) gip cng vic iu khin mail. gii quyt vn mt node c th cung cp mt thc th MTS a ra mt maildrop service n nhng node c cp nh hn ny. Post Office Protocol Version 3 (POP3) c dng cho php mt workstation truy xut ng n mt maildrop trn mt server host. Thng iu c ngha l POP3 c dng chp nhn mt workstation gi mail c server ang gi cho n. Khi mt user agent trn mt client host mong mun a mt message vo trong h thng vn chuyn, n thit lp mt kt ni SMTP n host chia ca ca n( host chia ca ny c th, hay khng cn POP3 server host cho client host ). 2.2 Thao tc c bn Ban u server host bt u mt POP3 service bng cch lng nghe trn TCP port 110. Khi mt client host mong mun dng POP3 service, n thit lp mt kt ni TCP vi server host . Khi kt ni c thit lp, POP3 server gi mt cho hi. Client v server POP3 sau trao i nhng lnh v cc tr li cho n khi kt ni c ng hay loi b.

Trang 28

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT Lnh trong POP3 bao gm mt keyword (t kho) theo sau c th l mt hay nhiu i s tt c cc lnh c kt thc bi mt cp CRLF. Cc t kho v i s c tch ring ra bi mt k t trng n , t kho di 3 hay 4 k t. Mi i s c th ln n chiu di 40 k t. Cc tr li trong POP3 bao gm phn ch nh trng thi v mt t kho c th theo sau l thng tin thm vo. Tt c cc tr li c kt thc bi mt cp CRLF. Ch c hai loi tr li l: ch nh trng thi khng nh (+OK) v ph nh (-ERR) . Tr li cho cc lnh l tr li nhiu dng. Trong trng hp ny, n cho php ch nh mt cch r rng, sau khi gi dng u tin ca cu tr li v mt CRLF, mt s dng thm vo c gi i, mi dng kt thc bng mt cp CRLF. Khi tt c cc dng ca tr li c gi i bao gm mt s kt thc h bt phn (termination octe) (m 046 h mi, . ) v mt cp CRLF. Nu dng no ca tr li nhiu dng bt u vi termination octet dng l "byte-stuffed" bng cch (pre-pending) treotermina_ tion octe ca dng tr li. K t y mt tr li nhiu dng c kt thc vi nm octet "CRLF.CRLF". Khi xem xt mt tr li nhiu dng client kim tra xem nu dng bt u vi termintion octet. Nu ng v nu nhng octet theo sau khc vi CRLF, octet u tin ca dng ny (termination octet) c b i. Nu ng v nu nhng k t kt thc theo ngay sau n, th tr li t POP3 server ny c kt thc vi mt dng cha .CRLF khng c coi l mt phn ca tr li nhiu dng . Mt POP3 session tin hnh qua mt s trng thi trong thi gian sng ca n. Khi kt ni TCP c m v mt POP3 server gi mt cho hi. Hi ngh s i vo trng thi AUTHORIZATION (xc nhn). Trong trng thi ny client phi nh danh n n POP3 server. Khi client nh danh thnh cng, server thu c nhng ti nguyn kt hp vi clients maildrop, v hi ngh i vo trng thi TRANSACTION (giao dch). Trong trng thi ny client yu cu cc hnh ng trong vai tr ca POP3 server khi client pht ra lnh QUIT, hi ngh i vo trng thi UPDATE. Trong trng thi ny gii phng cc ti nguyn thu nhn c trong trng thi TRANSACTION v say goodbye. Sau kt ni TCP ng li.

Trang 29

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT Mt POP3 server c th c mt timer t ng logout khng ch ng. Mt timer nh vy phi tn ti trong khong thi gian t nht l 10 pht. Trong khon thi gian nhn cc lnh t client reset timer t ng logout . Khi timer ht hiu lc, hi ngh khng i vo trng thi UPDATE, server s ng kt ni TCP m khng remove hay gi mt message no cho client. 2.3 Trng thi xc nhn (Authorization State) Khi kt ni TCP c m ra bi mt cleint. POP3 server s xut ra mt dng cho hi n c th l mt chui no c kt thc bi CRLF. Cho hi l mt POP3 reply. POP3 server bao gi cng s truyn i mt tr li khng nh nh cho hi trn. POP3 session hin nm trong trng thi AUTHORIZATION. Client phi nh danh v xc nhn n vi POP3 server. C hai c ch thch hp thc hin. S kt hp lnh USER v PASS , v lnh APOP. xc nhn dng s kt hp lnh USER v PASS. u tin client phi pht mt lnh USER, nu POP3 server tr li vi mt ch th trng thi khng nh (+OK), th client c th pht i lnh PASS hon tt s xc nhn hay lnh QUIT kt thc POP3 session. Nu POP3 server tr li vi mt ch th trng thi ph nhn (-ERR) cho lnh USER, th client c th pht ra mt lnh xc nhn mi hay c th pht mt lnh QUIT. Khi client pht ra mt lnh PASS, POP3 server dng cp i s t lnh USER v PASS xc nh nu client s c cho truy xut n maildrop thch hp. Khi POP3 server c xc nh bng cc lnh xc nhn, n cho client truy xut n nhng mailbox thch hp, sau POP3 server thu c mt kho truy xut loi tr trn maildrop, v s cn thit ngn chn message b sa i hay b loi b trc khi hi ngh i vo trng thi UPDATE. Nu thu nhn kho thnh cng POP3 server tr li vi mt ch nh trng thi khng nh. V lc ny hi ngh i vo trng thi TRANSACTION m khng c message no b nh du xo. Nu maildrop khng m c v mt s l do no (v d : mt kho khng th nhn c, pha client b t chi truy cp ti maldrop thch hp , hay maildrop khng c phn tch c php ), POP3 server tr li vi mt ch nh trng thi ph nh Trang 30

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT (nu mt kho c thu nhn nhng POP3 server d nh tr li vi mt ch nh trng thi ph nh, POP3 server phi gii phng kho trc khi loi b lnh ). Sau khi tr v mt ch nh trng thi ph nh server phi ng kt ni, nu server khng ng kt ni client c th pht mt lnh xc nhn mi v bt u tr li, hoc l client pht ra mt lnh QUIT. Sau khi POP3 server m c maildrop n gn mt message-number cho mi message v biu th kch thc ca mi message trong h tm (octet), message u tin trong maildrop c gn message-number 1, message th hai l 2 Trong cc lnh v cc tr li POP3 tt c cc message-number v kch thc message c trnh by da trn h 10 (decimal) y l nhng tm tt cho ba lnh POP3 bn lun trn : USER name - i s: Mt chui nh danh mt mailbox (c yu cu), n ch c ngha vi server. - Gii hn : Ch c th c cho trong trng thi AUTHORIZATION sau khi POP3 cho hi hay sau khi mt lnh USER PASS khng thnh cng . - Cu tr li c th : PASS string i s: Mt password cho mailbox hay server (c yu cu) a server/mailbox-specific password (required) Gii hn : Ch c th dc cho trong trng thi AUTHORIZATION sau khi mt lnh user thnh cng. Discussion: (tho lun) : K t y lnh PASS ch c mt i s, mt POP3 server c th x l khong trng trong i s ny nh l mt phn ca password, thay v l tch i s ra . Cu tr li c th: +OK kho maildrop v sn sng -ERR password khng hiu lc -ERR khng c php kho maildrop QUIT - i s: khng Trang 31 +OK tn mailbox c hiu lc -ERR khng chp nhn tn mailbox

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT - Gii hn: khng - Cu tr li c th: +OK 2.4 Trng thi giao dch Khi client nh danh n n POP3 server thnh cng v POP3 server kho v m maildrop thch hp, POP3 session by gi trong trng thi TRANSACTION client c th pht nhiu ln cc lnh POP3 sau y. Sau mi lnh POP3 server pht ra mt cu tr li. Cui cng client pht ra mt lnh QUIT v POP3 session i vo trng thi UPDATE . y l cc lnh POP3 c hiu lc trong trng thi TRANSACTION: STAT - i s: khng - Gii hn : Ch c th c cho trong trng thi TRANSACTION. - Discussion: (tho lun) : POP3 server pht ra mt tr li khng nh vi mt dng cha thng tin ca maildrop. Dng ny c gi l mt "drop listing" cho maildrop . Lu : Vic ngn cn mt cch mnh m s thc thi cc thng tin ph cung cp trong drop listing. Mt khc iu kin c bn lun sau, n cho php client phn tch c php cc message trong maildrop. Ch : Nhng message c nh du xo khng c m trong tng s - Cu tr li c th: +OK nn mm LIST [msg] - i s : Mt message-number (tu ) c th khng tham kho n mt message c nh du xo. - Gii hn : Ch c th c cho trong trng thi transaction. - Discussion: Nu mt i s c cho v POP3 server pht ra mt tr li khng nh vi mt dng cha thng tin cho message , dng ny c gi l scan listing cho message . Lu : y ngn cn mt cch mnh m s thc thi cc thng tin ph cung cp trong scan listing. Mt khc, iu kin c bn lun sau , n cho php client phn tch c php cc message trong maildrop. Nhng message c nh du xo khng c lit k . Trang 32

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT - Cu tr li c th: RETR msg - i s : Mt message-number (c yu cu) n c th khng tham kho n mt message c nh du xa. - Gii hn : Ch c cho trong trng thi TRASACTION - Discussion : Nu POP3 server pht ra mt tr li khng nh, th tr li c trao l multi-line. Sau khi khi to +OK , POP3 server gi mt message tng ng vi message-number c cho, mt cch cn thn byte-stuff k t cui cng (nh vi cc tr li multi-line) . - Cu tr li c th: DELE msg - i s : Mt message-number (c yu cu) c th khng tham kho n mt message c nh du xo. - Gii hn : Ch c cho trong trng thi TRANSACTION . - Discussion : POP3 server nh du xo message . Nhng tham kho sau n message-number kt hp vi message ca mt lnh POP3 s sinh ra li. POP3 server khng tht s xo message cho n khi POP3 session i vo trng thi UPDATE . - Cu tr li c th: NOOP - i s: khng - Gii hn : Ch c cho trong trng thi TRANSACTION - Discussion : POP3 server khng lm g ht , n ch hi m vi mt tr li khng nh. - Cu tr li c th: +OK RSET - i s: khng - Gii hn : Ch c cho trong trng thi TRANSACTION . Trang 33 +OK message deleted -ERR no such message +OK message follows -ERR no such message +OK scan listing follows -ERR no such message

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT - Discussion : Nu mt message no c nh du xo bi POP3 server, chng c b nh du xo(unmark ). Sau POP3 server hi m vi mt tr li khng nh. - Cu tr li c th: +OK 2.5 Trng thi cp nht Khi client pht ra mt lnh QUIT t trng thi TRANSACTION, POP3 session i vo trng thi UPDATE (lu rng nu client pht ra mt lnh QUIT t trng thi AUTHORIZATION, POP3 session kt thc nhng khng i vo trng thi UPDATE). Nu POP3 session kt thc v cc l do khc sau mt lnh QUIT c pht ra t client, POP3 session khng i vo trng thi UPDATE v PHI khng remove mt message no t maildrop . QUIT - i s: khng - Gii hn: khng - Discussion : POP3 server loi b tt c cc mesasage c nh du xa t maildrop. Sau n gii phng cc kha truy cp loi tr (exclusive-access lock) trn maildrop v cc reply v phn tnh trng ca nhng thao tc ny. Sau kt ni TCP c ng li. - Cu tr li c th:+OK 2.6 Cc lnh POP3 chn la

Nhng lnh POP3 c ni n trn phi c h tr bi s thc thi ti thiu caPOP3 server. Cc lnh POP3 la chn c m t sau y cho php mt POP3 client t do hn trong vic iu khin message, trong khi vn gi mt s thc thi POP3 server n gin. Lu : S ghi chp khuyn khch nhng s th thi nhm h tr cho nhng lnh ny thay cho vic pht trin tng thm drop v scan listings. Thu gn, trit l ca s ghi nh l nhm t mt s thng minh trong vai tr ca client POP3 v khng cho server POP3. TOP msg n Trang 34

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT - i s: Mt message-number (c yu cu) n c th khng tham kho n mt message c nh du xa, v mt non-negative number (c yu cu) . - Gii hn : Ch c cho trong trng thi TRANSACTION Discussion : Nu POP3 server pht ra mt tr li khng nh, th tr li c trao l multi-line. Sau khi to +OK , POP3 server gi header ca message , dng trng tch header khi body, v sau l s dng ch nh phn body ca message, nn cn thn byte-stuff k t cui cng (nh vi tt c cc tr li mutiline) . Ch : Nu s dng c yu cu bi POP3 client ln hn s dng trong body th POP3 server gi ton b message . - Cu tr li c th: UIDL [msg] - i s: Mt message-number (tu ) nu mt message number c cho, n c th khng tham kho n mt message c nh du xo. - Gii hn : Ch c th c cho trong trng thi TRANSACTION . - Discussion : Nu mt i s c cho v POP3 server pht ra mt tr li khng nh vi mt dng cha thng tin cho message . Dng ny c gi l mt - Cu tr li c th APOP name digest - i s : Mt chui nh danh mt mailbox v mt chui MD5 digest ( yu cu c hai). - Gii hn : Ch c th c cho trong trng thi AUTHORIZATION sau khi POP3 cho hi. - Discussion : Thng th, mi POP3 session bt u vi mt s trao i USER/PASS, n dn n mt password c t server/user-id c gi ln mng . Nhng s thc thi ca POP3 client kt ni n POP3 server theo mt quy tc c bn kim tra mail mi. Hn na khong thi gian khi to mt POP3 session theo quy tc l nm pht. Lc kh nng b nh cp password rt ln. i hi phi c mt thay i trong phng thc xc nhn cung cp c s xc nhn v xem Trang 35 +OK unique-id listing follows -ERR no such message +OK top of message follows -ERR no such message

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT li s bo v, nhng n khng bao gm vic gi mt passsword khng c m ho ln mng. Lnh APOP cung cp chc nng ny. - Cu tr li c th: +OK maildrop locked and ready -ERR permission denied 3.IMAP(RFC2060, RFC2193,) Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) cung cp lnh phn mm th in t trn my khch v my ch dng trong trao i thng tin phin bn 4( IMAP4rev1). l phng php ngi dng cui truy cp thng ip th in t hay bn tin in t t my ch v th trong mi trng cng tc. N cho php chng trnh th in t dng cho my khch - nh Netscape Mail, Eudora ca Qualcomm, Lotus Notes hay Microsoft Outlook - ly thng ip t xa trn my ch mt cch d dng nh trn a cng cc b. IMAP khc vi giao thc truy cp th in t Post Office Protocol (POP). POP lu tr ton b thng ip trn my ch. Ngi dng kt ni bng ng in thoi vo my ch v POP s a cc thng ip vo in-box ca ngi dng, sau xo th trn my ch. Hai giao thc ny c dng t hn 10 nm nay. Theo mt nh phn tch th khc bit chnh gia POP (phin bn hin hnh 3.0) v IMAP (phin bn hin hnh 4.0) l POP3 cho ngi dng t quyn iu khin hn trn thng ip. IMAP4rev1 c k tha t [IMAP2] tuy nhin trong giao thc IMAP4rev1 khng tn ti cc giao thc hay cu trc ca [IMAP2] nhng nhng khun dng d liu vn c k tha v s dng. IMAP4rev1 bao gm nhng thao tc to ra, xo, v i tn cc hm th, kim tra mail mi, thng xuyn cp nht li c nhng mail c nhng thao tc ny c trnh by trong RFC822(RFC dng chun ho message) v nhng thao tc ny l duy nht. IMAP l c ch cho php ly thng tin v th in t ca bn, hay chnh cc thng ip t mail server ca mi trng cng tc. Giao thc th in t ny cho php ngi dng kt ni bng ng in thoi vo my ch Internet t xa, xem xt phn tiu v ngi gi ca th in t trc khi ti nhng th ny v my ch ca mnh. Vi IMAP ngi dng c th truy cp cc thng ip nh chng c lu tr cc b trong khi thc t li l thao tc trn my ch cch xa hng ki l mt. Trang 36

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT Vi kh nng truy cp t xa ny, IMAP d c ngi dng cng tc chp nhn v h coi trng kh nng lm vic lu ng. Mt kt ni ca IMAP4rev1 c thnh lp theo mt kt ni Client/Server v s tng tc trao i thng tin hay ly mail v t Server ca ngi s dng thng qua cc lnh truy sut m IMAP4rev1 nh dng sn trong giao thc IMAP. ngi s dng bt u mt m lnh trong giao thc IMAP theo mt quy lut l : u mi cu lnh thm vo cc k t tng trng (n tng trng cho l lch hay th t ca lnh) nh khi gi lnh Login trong giao thc IMAP phi l 0001 Login Tuyen minhtuyen. 3.1. Mt s lnh ca IMAP4: - Nhng tp lnh ca IMAP4rev1 c nh ngha trong rfc2060 cng nhng qu trnh bt u v kt thc ca mt phin lm vic. V trong chng trnh em ch s dng mt s lnh c bn trong b giao thc ny, di y l ngh cng nh cch s dng chng. CAPABILITY - Arguments: none - Kt qu tr v : OK - capability completed BAD - command unknown or arguments invalid - y l lnh thc hin trc tin ca bt k mt trnh mail Client no mun ly mail t trnh ch bng giao thc IMAP, mc ch l kim tra version giao thc c p ng c yu cu khng. Version hin nay ang dng l IMAP4(IMAP4rev1). LOGIN - Arguments: [user name] [password ] - Kt qu tr v l: OK - login completed, now in authenticated state NO - login failure: user name or password rejected BAD - command unknown or arguments invalid - Lnh ny xc nhn ngi s dng c hp php khng? Nu thnh cng th ngi dng s thc hin cc thao tc lnh tip theo. CHECK - Arguments: none Trang 37

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT - Kt qu tr v: OK - check completed BAD - command unknown or arguments invalid - Lnh ny dng kim tra ti thi im ny lnh SELECT thc hin hay cha, nu thc hin ri tr v OK. SELECT - Arguments: mailbox name (tn hm th) - Kt qu tr v : OK - select completed, now in selected state NO - select failure, now in authenticated state: no such mailbox, can't access mailbox BAD - command unknown or arguments invalid - Lnh Select dng nhn bit c hm th c bao nhiu th bao gm th mi, th c ri v th xo. Lnh ny cho php ta thay i thuc tnh ca hm th cng nh nhng l th m chng lu tr bi cc lnh khc trong IMAP. - Trong v d trn chng ta quan tm cc thng s sau: EXISTS : tng s l th m hm th ny lu tr v d trn l 172 l th. RECENT : l s l th mi trong thi gian gn y m ngi s dng cha c v d trn l 1. UNSEEN : l tng s l th c m ngi dng ch nhn thy nhng ni dung cha xem qua. UIDVALIDITY : dng ch nh trng thi ca hm th y l mt thng s khng quan trong.Mi mail Server s c cch c t thng s ny khc nhau tu tng mc ch s dng n ca cc nh qun tr mail thng s ny lin quan n lnh UID. CLOSE - Arguments: none - Kt qu tr v : OK - close completed, now in authenticated state NO - close failure: no mailbox selected BAD - command unknown or arguments invalid - Lnh ny dng ng lnh SELECT li hay c th hiu loi b lnh ny v khng lu li cc thuc tnh thay i vi hm th ny. Trang 38

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT FETCH - Arguments: message set message data item names - Kt qu: OK - fetch completed NO - fetch error: can't fetch that data BAD - command unknown or arguments invalid - Lnh dng hin th ni dung ca mt l th. Thng s theo sau gm c hai thng s: u tin l s th t ca l th v thng s th hai l message data item names nhng thng s ny phi tun theo RFC822 c trnh by trn. UID - Arguments: l cc lnh trong IMAP - Kt qu tr v: OK - UID command completed NO - UID command error BAD - command unknown or arguments invalid EXAMINE - Arguments: mailbox name - Kt qun tr v: OK - examine completed, now in selected state NO - examine failure, now in authenticated state: no such mailbox, can't access mailbox BAD - command unknown or arguments invalid - Lnh ny tng t nh lnh SELECT cng mt k qu tr v nhng khi dng lnh ny chng ta ch xem thng tin khng thay i c trng thi ca hm th cng nh cc thuc tnh ca n. CREATE - Arguments: tn hm th cn to. - Kt qu tr v:OK - create completed NO - create failure: can't create mailbox with that name BAD - command unknown or arguments invalid - Lnh to ra mt hm th mi vi tn chn v tr li l OK nu qu trnh to ra hm th trn Server khng gp li. DELETE Trang 39

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT - Arguments: tn hm th cn xo. - Kt qu tr v:OK - delete completed NO - delete failure: can't delete mailbox with that name BAD - command unknown or arguments invalid - Lnh xo hm th, nu xo thnh cng th kt qu nhn c l OK. RENAME - Arguments: (tn hm th tn ti) (tn hm th mi). - Kt qu: OK - rename completed NO - rename failure: can't rename mailbox with that name, can't rename to mailbox with that name BAD - command unknown or arguments invalid - Lnh chuyn i tn hm th, kt qu l OK nu thnh cng. COPY - Arguments: tn l th n tn hm th

- Kt qu tr v:OK - copy completed NO - copy error: can't copy those messages or to that name BAD - command unknown or arguments invalid - y l lnh copy mt l th t hm th ny sang hm th khc. SUBSCRIBE - Arguments: tn hm th - Kt qu tr v: OK - subscribe completed NO - subscribe failure: can't subscribe to that name BAD - command unknown or arguments invalid - Lnh dng thit lp thuc tnh active ca hm th,tuy nhin n khng th thay i c c tnh hm th hay ni cch khc n dng kim tra xem hm th ny c tn ti hay khng UNSUBSCRIBE - Arguments: tn hm th - Kt qu tr v:OK - unsubscribe completed NO - unsubscribe failure: can't unsubscribe that name Trang 40

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT BAD - command unknown or arguments invalid - Lnh ny ngc li vi SUBSCRIBE ngha l n loi b thuc tnh active ca hm th. LIST - Arguments: tn hay nhng k t c trng. - Kt qu tr v:OK - list completed NO - list failure: can't list that reference or name BAD - command unknown or arguments invalid - Nu tn hay nhng k t theo sau hp l th lnh ny tr v tp tn cc hm th, thng tn hay k t theo sau l % ,*, , /, String*,. Chng ta tm hiu n nh mt lnh Dir trong MS-DOS. LUSB - Arguments: tn hay nhng k t c trng. - Kt qu tr v: OK - list completed NO - list failure: can't list that reference or name BAD - command unknown or arguments invalid Lnh ny tng t nh list nhng ch khc mt iu l nhng hm th nhn c phi trng thi active.

STATUS- Arguments: tn hm th (trng thi) - Kt qu tr v:OK - status completed NO - status failure: no status for that name BAD - command unknown or arguments invalid - Lnh ny tr v trng thi hin ti ca hm th, n khng lm nh hng n s chuyn i ca hm th cng nh cc trng thi ca cc l th. Trng thi theo sao hin nay trong IMAP4rev1 nh sau.chc nng ca lnh ny dng check mail. MESSAGES : s th mi trong hm th RECENT UIDNEXT hm th Trang 41 : s l th c. : gi tr UID tip theo s c gn cho mt l th mi trong

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT UIDVALIDITY : gi tr UID ca hm th. UNSEEN : nhng l th ca m ngi dng cha xem ni dung. NOOP - Arguments: none - Kt qu tr v: OK - noop completed BAD - command unknown or arguments invalid - Lnh ny thc cht khng lm g c m mc ch kim tra xem gia mail Client v mail Server cn lin lc vi nhau khng. STORE Arguments: message set message data item name value for message data item Responses: untagged responses: FETCH Result: OK - store completed NO - store error: can't store that data BAD - command unknown or arguments invalid - Thit lp li trng thi ca th, mi l th c nhng trng thi nh th mi nhn l Recent tip theo l trng thi cha c Unsen, c ri Seen v trng thi xo Deleted v mt s c t trng khc. - Nu thm trng thi th dng lnh trong Arguments tng ng l +FLAGS hay +FLAGS.SILENT - Nu loi b trng thi th dng lnh trong Arguments tng ng l -FLAGS hay -FLAGS.SILENT - FLAGS.SILENT l thit lp li trng thi server hi p li l hin ti l th ang nhng trng thi no lnh ny ngc li vi lnh FLAGS EXPUNGE Command Arguments: none Responses: untagged responses: EXPUNGE Result :OK - expunge completed NO - expunge failure: can't expunge (e.g. permission denied) BAD - command unknown or arguments invalid

Trang 42

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT Lnh dng kim tra nhng l th c trng thi deleted v loi n ra khi hm th, a vo thng rc(hm th trash). Nu nhng nh hm th Trash c chn th nhng l th ny s c xo ra khi mail ca bn. LOGOUT - Arguments: none - Kt qu t v: OK - logout completed BAD - command unknown or arguments invalid - Lnh dng ng kt ni li sao mt phin lm vic. Ngoi cc lnh trn trong IMAP4 cn mt s lnh kh hay khc nh SEARCH, AUTHENTICATE,... v thi gian v nng lc c hn nn n ca em c l ch dng li cc lnh trn 4.MIME Mt giao thc Internet mi m c pht trin cho php trao i cc thng ip th in t c ni dung phong ph thng qua mng khng ng nht (heterogeneous network), my mc, v cc mi trng th in t. Trong thc t, MIME cng c s dng v m rng bi cc ng dng khng phi th in t. Hin nay, trn mng din rng Internet, i vi RFC 822 ch lm nhng cng vic nh ngha cc header nhng cn ni dung bn trong th vn cn li thi, chnh v th m vn ny khng cn thch hp na. Cc vn bao gm vic gi v nhn th nh sau: Nhng thng ip s dng cc ngn ng c du. Nhng thng ip s dng cc ngn ng khng phi ch ci Latin. Nhng thng ip s dng cc ngn ng khng c trong cc bng ch ci. Nhng thng ip s khng cha vn bn. - Mt gii php c a ra trong RFC 1341 v c cp nht mi nht trong RFC 1521. Gii php ny c gi l MIME, hin nay c s dng rng ri. Khi nim c bn ca MIME l tip tc s dng nh dng RFC 822, nhng thm cu trc vo phn thn ca thng ip v nh ngha cc nguyn tc m ha cc thng ip khng phi cc bng m ASCII. khi b lch hng ca RFC 822, cc thng ip MIME c th c gi i c s dng cc giao thc v chng

Trang 43

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT trnh th hin c. Tt c cc chng trnh ny phi c thay i thnh cc chng trnh gi v nhn sao cho ngi dng c th dng c. MIME nh ngha nm header thng ip mi c trnh by trong hnh 1.12. Cc header ny trc tin bo cho UA nhn thng ip m n ang dng bng thng ip MIME v phin bn ca MIME ang dng. Bt c thng ip no khng cha header MIME-Version: c gi nh l mt thng ip hnh thc c m ha bng ting Anh v n c x l nh th. Header MIME-Version: Content-Description: Content-Id: Content-TransferEncoding: Content-Type: Nature of the message - By kiu chnh m t MIME c nh ngha trong RFC 1521, mi kiu ca n li c mt hay nhiu kiu ph. Kiu chnh v kiu ph (xem hnh 3.6) c phn bit bi mt du vch cho, nh c dng sau: Content-Type: video/mpeg Type Text Subtype Plain Richtext Gif Jpeg Basic Mpeg Octel-stream Postscript Rfc 822 Message Partial External-body Multipart Mixed Alternative Description Unformatted text Text including simple formatting commands Still picture in GIF format Still picture in JPEG format Audible sound Movie in MPEG format An uninterpreted byte sequence A printable document in Postscript A MIME RFC 822 message Message has been split for transmission Message itself must be fetched over the net Independent parts in the specified order Same message in different formats Trang 44 Meaning Indentifies the MIME version Human-readable string telling what is in the message Unique identifier How the body is wrapped for transmission

Image Audio Video Applicatio n

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT Parallel Digest Parts must be viewed simultaneously Each part is a complete RFC 822 message

Cc kiu chnh v kiu ph c nh ngha trong RFC 1521 Truyn thng ip (Message Transfer) H thng truyn thng ip c lin quan ti vic chuyn tip (relaying) cc thng ip t ngi gi n ngi nhn. Phng php n gin nht thc hin iu ny l thit lp mt kt ni truyn thng t my ngun n my ch lc mi truyn cc thng ip i.

Trang 45


PHN II: TNG QUAN MICROSOFT EXCHANGE SERVER 2010I.Tng quan Microsoft Exchange Server 2010 Exchange Server l phn mm my ch do Microsoft pht trin chuyn phc v cc gii php Email v trao i thng tin trong doanh nghip. Tnh nng chnh ca Exchange Server l qun l th in t, lch lm vic danh b ngi dng v tc v, h tr cho ngi dung thng qua mi trng my tnh bn, in thoi cho thit b di ng v trnh duyt Web. Exchange 2010 a ra nhiu gii php khc nhau cho bn chn la khi trin khai, cho php tch hp cc gii php bo v chng r r thng tin v cc kh nng tun th quy nh cao cp khc, tt c nhng tnh nng ny s to thnh mt gii php lm vic cng tc v trao i th in t tt nht cho doanh nghip ca bn. Ra mt phin bn u tin t nm 1995 cho n nay Exchange Server tri qua cc phin bn 1.0, 4.0, 5.0, 2000, 2003, 2007 v phin bn 2010 c chnh thc cng b ra mt vo ngy 09/11/2009 va qua.

y l phin bn th by trong mt lat cc phin bn Mail Exchange m Microsodt tung ra cho n nay. So vi nhng phin bn trc y th Microsoft Exchange 2010 c nhng bc tin mi, phn no khc phc c nhng nhc Trang 46

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT im ca cc phin bn trc. Cu trc lu tr ca Exchange 2010 c n gin ha hn gip ngi qun tr vin d dng qun l h thng mail trong doanh nghip. Ngoi ra, cc tri nghim ngi dng trong Outlook Web App cng c ci thin nhiu hn. hiu r hn, chng ta s tm hiu cc tinh nng Exchange Server 2010. 1. Linh ng v ng tin cy Exchange Server 2010 c trin khai t vic ci t trn my ch doanh nghip n vic hosting trn h thng ca Microsoft Datacenter gi l Exchange Online hay phi hp 2 gii php trn cng lc. Microsoft cam kt rng phng php Software plus services s gip doanh nghip kim sot c tin trin khai d n, tp trung c sc mnh ca c 2 hnh thc ci t trn my ch ca doanh nghip v dng dch v hosting trong khi vn khng thay i giao din hoc kinh nghim ca ngi cui cng ng lu nht l vic lu tr trn Exchange nay c thm ty chn mi JBOD bao gm cng SATA v a RAID, gip lu tr cc mailbox database ln vi chi ph thp nht. Ngai ra, c xy dng trn nn tng cng ngh Continuous Replication ca Exchange 2007, mt cng ngh cho php n gin ha kh nng duy tr tnh lin tc v khc phc khi xy ra thm ha cng vi vic ci tin ca hng lot nhng cng c bo tr cho h thng s gip bn tin ln mt bc mi ng tin cy hn v gim bt s phc tp duy tr mt h thng my ch mail hot ng lin tc. Nhng tnh nng mi ny bao gm:

Khng cn phi trin khai h thng clustering phc tp v tn chi ph cng nh cc sn phm nhn bn d liu ca cc hng th ba m bo cng vic sao lu d phng cho Exchange mt cch trn vn.

T ng nhn bn v khc phc li cho CSDL ca mailbox vi ch 2 Server hoc thng qua cc trung tm datacenter nm cc v tr a l khc nhau.

Duy tr tnh sn sng v khi phc nhanh vi n 16 bn sao ca mi mailbox database trong Exchange server

Trang 47


Hn ch vic ngng hot ng ca ngi dung trong khi di chuyn cc mailbox gia cc mail server khc nhau, iu ny cho php bn thc hin cng vic bo tr v chuyn i thng tin theo k hoch rt thoi mi, ngay c trong gi lm vic

Bo v chng mt e-mail khi Transport Server ang trong tnh trng nng cp hoc b li hoc thng qua chc nng sao lu d phng mt bn "shadow copy" c tch hp sn cho php chuyn hng gi mail mt cch thng minh ti nhng Server cn sn sng.

Vic gim bt gnh nng cho ngi qun tr cng nh b phn h tr k thut cng l mt cch gim chi ph. Vi sn phm mi, ngi dng cui s c thm cc c ch t thc hin mt s cng vic thng thng v khng phi gi n b phn h tr k thut. Vi chc nng ny bn c th: Cho php ngi dng cp nht thng tin v Contact ca h v theo di vic gi nhn thng tin m khng cn s h tr ca nhn vin IT. Cung cp giao din web d s dng h tr nhng s c thng gp Thc hin m hnh qun l truy cp da theo chc nng ca Exchange tng thm quyn hn cho nhng ngi dng chuyn nghip thc hin mt s tc v nht nh - v d h tr b phn php l trong vic tm kim thng tin trong nhiu hp th khc nhau - m khng cn phi i quyn ca ngi qun tr h thng 2 Truy cp thng tin bt c u Mc thnh cng trong cng vic ty thuc vo nng sut v hiu qu lm vic ca user thng qua cc gii php cng ngh m bn trin khai. Trong phin bn mi nht ny, Exchange cho php ngi dng mi phng thc thng tin t mt ni duy nht v cho php h rt d dang trao i thng tin vi nhay v vi tt c cc i tc. Lung thng tin ra vo mt hp th rt d dng tr nn qu ti v nh hng n hiu qu cng vic cng nh li ich ca cng ty. Exchange 2010 b sung thm nhiu tnh nng mi c th gip ngi dng t chc, sp xp th t u tin cc hnh thc thng tin trong chnh hp th ca h. C th nh sau:

Trang 48

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT H tr ngi dng s dng e-mail xuyn sut t desktop, web, n thit b di ng, bao gm vic h tr OWA chy trn cc trnh duyt khc nhau nh Apple Safari v Mozilla Firefox. Thng nht vic truy cp ti email, voice mail, instant messaging, v mail dng vn bn thng thng cho php ngi dng la chn cch tt nht vi nhng ngi khc v khng rng buc vic h ang bt c u. B sung thm cc tr gip cho cc thit b di ng, c bit l Windowns Mobile thng qua Exchange ActiveSync. Chia s tnh trng free/busy khng ch vi cc nhn vin ni b m c vi cc i bn ngoi nhm h tr vic thit lp cc bui hp nhanh chng v hiu qu, bn cng c th chn la mc chia s thng tin. Exchange 2010 b sung thm nhiu tnh nng mi c th gip ngi dng t chc, sp xp th t u tin cc hnh thc giao tip trong chnh hp th ca h. C th l: Ngi dng c th sp xp li thng tin e-mail theo trnh t ca ni dung trao i mt cch t nhin. MailTips s thng bo cho ngi dng , trc khi h nhn nt Send gi mail i v thng tin chi tit ca mail c th khng th gi i c hoc c th gi nhm (v d nh bn c th gi nhng thng tin mt ca cng ty ra cho nhng ngi nhn bn ngoi, lm gim bt s ln xn ca hp th, nhng bc phi lm thm v gi cho b phn h tr k thut. Vi Exchange 2010, bn c th thay th h thng voice mail truyn thng vi mt gii php truyn thng tch hp ngay bn trong phn li ca h tng thng tin doanh nghip. H thng mi ny s cho php ngi dng nhn cc th dng voice mail ngay trong hp inbox. Ngi dng c th x l voicemail y nh h x l nhng mail thng thng vi cc cng c rt quen thuc nh Office Outlook v Outlook Web Access. Bn s tit kim c chi ph vi h thng voice mail hp nht v cung cp cho ngi dng nhng tnh nng nh: Chuyn i voice mail thnh dng vn bn, cho php ngi dng sp xp th t u tin nhanh chng, khng cn phi nghe tt c cc tp tin m thanh. Tng thm sc mnh cho vic c nhn ha vic t ng tham gia cc voice mail Trang 49

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT Cng c tr li cuc gi v to cc quy lut chuyn cuc gi cho c nhn hoc cho mt nhm da trn m ca ngi gi hoc thng tin c nhn, iu ny m bo rng bn khng b l cuc gi no. Ngi dng c th truy cp vo inbox thng qua in thoi - bao gm c email, lch lm vic, cc danh b ngi dng - vi s h tr ca gn 30 ngn ng thng qua Outlook Voice Access. 3 Kh nng bo mt v tun th quy nh thng tin cao Excahgne 2010 a ra cc tinh nng tch hp mi cho vic lu tr v bo tn email bao gm vic tm kim thng tin trn nhiu mailbox ng thi v lu tr thng tin cho vic gim st , iu tra tc thi( immediate legal hold). Khi bn tch hp chc nng ny vi kin trc lu tr linh ng ca Exchange, bn c th ci tin c vic kim sot cc thng tin ca doanh nghi, trong khi bn vn cung cp cho ngi dng tn dng nhng kin thc c sn v khng nh hng n vic h qun l hp th lm vic hng ngy. C th nhng tnh nng mi ny nh sau: Di chuyn thng tin t Outlook Dt Files( PSTs) t PC ngc tr li Exchange phc v cho mc ch qun l v iu tra nhng vn lin quan n php l D dng phn loi th in t vi nhng chnh sch lu tr c th p dng cho tng e-mail ring l hoc cho nhng th mc khc nhau. Cho php tm kim thng tin xuyn sut cc hp th vi giao din web thn thin hoc thng qua vic kim sot truy cp theo chc nng cho php b phn nhn s hoc hnh chnh thc hin cc cng vic tm kim thng tin theo mc ch Exchange 2010 cng m rng kh nng bo v v kim sot, n gin bng cch m ha, hn ch v kha nhng e-mail cha thng tin nhy cm hoc khng ph hp da trn thn tin c th v ngi gi, ngi nhn v cc thuc tnh v ni dung. Nhn tnh nng chnh c th nh sau: Kt hp Exchange 2010 v dch v Active Directory Rights Management Services (ADRMS) cho php bn v ngi dng c th ng dng chc nng Information Rights Management (IRM) t ng bo v thng tin, ngn

Trang 50

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT chn quyn truy cp v s dng nhng thng tin bn trong 1 e-mail - cho d n c gi i bt k ni u. Cho php i tc v khch hng c quyn c v tr li nhng th c bo v bi IRM - ngay c khi h khng c ci t h thng Active Directory Rights Management Services (ADRMS) trn my ch. Cho php nhng ngi qun l xem li cc th in t v c th duyt hoc ngng vic di chuyn mail. II. S thay i ca Microsoft Exchange 2010 so vi cc phin bn trc 1.Mt s phn c loi b trong Microsoft Exchange 2010 so vi phin bn trc H thng Clustering ca Exchange Server bao gm: LCR (Local Continuous Replication), CCR (Cluster Continuous Replication) v SCR (Standby Continuous Replication) khng cn tn ti trong Exchange Server 2010, Windows Server Fail-over Clustering cng c lai b khi Exchange Server 2010 bi v mt s nh qun tr vn cm thy fail-over clustering qu phc tp v kh qun l. Storage Groups (cc n v lu tr cc MailBox Database cng khng cn tn ti trong Exchange Server 2010. Th nhng, log fie hay checkpoint file th vn cn c s dng nhng ta ch gi l database Tnh nng Single Instance Storage (SIS) cng c lai b. iu c ngha l khi bn gi 1MB tin nhn cho 100 ngi th tng ng vi 100MB. 2.Ci tin phng thc qun l Exchange Server 2010 a ra m hnh Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), tm gi l quyn hn iu khin theo vai tr, l s thay i i lp vi m hnh permission-based Access Control List (Danh sch iu khin da trn quyn hn) trong nhng m hnh trc y. y c xem l mt trong nhng ci tin ln ca Exchange Server gim ti cho nh qun tr, ng thi cng i hi cn nhc k lng trong vic phn quyn trnh s chng cho ln nhau.

Giao din OWA mi, d dng s dng ng thi c th chy trn nhu trnh duyt, nhiu platform nh Mac Book vi Safari. Nhiu nt mi c gii

Trang 51

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT thiu: Favorites, Search Folders, attaching messages to messages, c th tch hp vi Office Communicator, Conversation View

Tnh sn sng cao: S kt hp ca CCR v SCR to nn 1 tnh nng duy nht c gi l database availability. Client Access Server (CAS) s chu trch nhim cho tt c cc hnh thc kt ni th bao gm c vic kt ni MAPI (Outlook) client, ci tin vic m rng h thng h tng mail mt cch d dng. hiu r hn v High Availability trong Microsoft Exchange 2010, mnh s c bi vit su hn v tnh nng ny ( y mnh ch gii thiu s lc). V vy, Normal 0 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 khi phc mailbox server d dng s dng Database Available Group (DAG), chc nng m rng hon ton mi t chc nng Cluster Continuous Replication (CCR) c trong Exchange Server 2007. N cho php ngi dng chy mt mailbox server th hai nhm khi phc nhanh khi cn thit. DAG hon ton khng c trong Exchange Server 2003, thay th c cc m hnh clustering c in hay lu tr thng tin di dng Storage Area Network (SAN).

M hnh DAG c th to n 16 bn sao chp cho mi c s d liu Mailbox. Cc bn sao chp d phng ( replica ) c th c cu hnh chu li mt cch t ng.

Trang 52

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT M hnh kin trc HA (tnh sn sng cao) ca Exchange Server 2007 ( trn ) so vi m hnh HA ca Exchange Server 2010 ( di )

3.Khi phc n Trong nhng phin bn trc ca Exchange Server, ngi dng c th xa i nhng mc m h khng thch. iu ny khin cc nh qun tr tn nhiu thi gian khi phc khi c yu cu. Exchange Server 2010 cung cp cp thi gian lu tr email lu hn h tr ngi dng khi phc khi cn. Chc nng Litigation Hold c trn mt s hng mc email nht nh ngn ngi dng xa trong mi trng hp. 4.Windows Mobile Ngi dng s dng smartphone Windows Mobile s c giao din Outlook trn Mobile hon ton mi, c bit l chc nng Conversation View cho php xem hng lot email cng mt ch trong mt thc th duy nht. Hn na, cc tin nhn vn bn (text) trn Windows Mobile s c ng b tc th vi mailbox ca Server. 5.Cho php phn quyn t qun tr bng cng c ECP Cng c mi c giao din web mang tn l Exchange Control Pannel (ECP) s cho php nh qun tr lm mi vic trong mi trng Exchange 2010 m khng cn phi ci t bt c mt ng dng no trn my Client (khch).

Trang 53

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT 6.Nhng ci tin v tc Trong Exchange 2007, s kt hp gia kin trc 64-bit v tng kch c trang ti 8 KB dn ti hiu qu l gim c 70% vic c ghi cho Exchange trn a cng. Vi Exchange 2010, kch c trang c tng ln n 32 KB gip tc IOPS c gim thm 50% na. Nh cc doanh nghip c th xem xt li vic dng nhng loi a cng r tin hn m khng h mt i bt c kh nng no ca h thng

So snh v gii php cng lu tr ca 3 phin bn Exchange 7. Mt s hn ch Exchange 2010 c dng trn nn Windows PowerShell, l mt cng ngh x l tc v bng dng lnh. Mc d gip nh qun tr d dng x l hn so vi Exchange 2003 nhng ngc li n i hi phi o to li nhng cn b IT, c bit l nhng ngi trc gi vn quen s dng chut v giao din ha. Exchange 2010 ch chy trn h iu hnh Windows 2008 SP2 hoc cc phin bn cao hn, iu ny cng c ngha nh qun tr cn nm bt thm v chc nng ca h iu hnh mi.-

Exchange 2003 c th chy trn Microsoft Virtual Server 2005 nhng Exchange 2010 s ch chy trn nhng Microsoft virtual servers mi nh Hyper-V hoc trn VMware servers.

Nhn chung, Exchange Server 2010 c th xut hin khp mi ni thng qua Outlook trn PC, smartphone hoc t trnh duyt web, cung cp nhng tnh nng cho ngi dng cui nh xem trc ni dung dng voicemail, SMS Text Trang 54

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT Messaging, MailTips, Conversation View, Call Asnwering Rule, tr gip khch hng bo v thng tin, cho php h m ha email da vo thng tin ngi gi, ngi nhn hoc ngay c da trn ni dung ca th hay ti liu nh km. Khi kt hp s dng Forefront Protection dnh cho Exchange mi nht, b phn IT c th b sung 8 lp bo mt, ngn chn virus, malware, spyware hiu qu hn cho Exchange Server 2010. III. Nhng cng ngh trong Microsoft Exchange 2010 Microsoft Exchange Server 2010 hin ang c Gartner xp vo 1 trong 4 i gia v gii php truyn thng hp nht tt nht trn ton th gii trong nm 2009. Chnh nhng cng ngh sau gip Microsoft Exchange Server nhn c s u i ca cc doanh nghip trong v ngoi nc. y ch l mt s cng ngh ch yu c rt trch t website Microsoft VietNam. tham kho chi tit hn, cc bn c th tra cu thm trn trang http://www.microsoft.com/exchange 1.H thng th in t thng nht (Unified messaging) Voice Mail c hp nht vo Inbox cng vi Email v cc loi thng ip khc, do ngi dng c th qun l mi thng tin ti mt ni duy nht, gip gim thi gian v chi ph, bao gm: Speech-to-text Preview: x l bn xem trc ny nh i vi mt Email thng thng. Vi tn, thng tin lin h, s in thoi c nhn ra ngi dng c th thm vo Contact, gi in thng qua Office Communicator, hoc gi Email. nghe ni dung voice mail, ngi dng ch vic Click vo mt t trong bn xem trc v s c nghe ni dung tip theo. Bo v Voice Mail: qun l Voice Mail cht ch hn bng cch cung cp kh nng phn quyn cho ai xem v nhng hnh ng h c th thc hin trn tng Voice Mail. S dng Active Directory Rights Management Services, Exchange c th p dng tnh nng Do Not Forward ngn chn vic Forward voice mail c ch nh bi ngi gi (bng cch nh du Private cho voice mail) hoc da trn chnh sch qun l ca t chc. Nh , voice mail c bo v khng th Forward n nhng ngi khng c thm quyn, d h ang s dng bt c chng trnh qun l mail no.

Trang 55

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT Calling Answer Rules: Gii php Thng tin hp nht (Unified Messaging) cho php ngi dng qun l cht ch hn cch thc tr li cuc gi. Vi mt nhn vin kinh doanh, bn s thch chuyn mt cuc gi quan trng lin quan n c hi bn hng n chnh hp voice mail ca mnh hn l chuyn n mt ng dy c nh no . Qui tc tr li cuc gi c th gi li cho do bn t to ra n ngi gi, cho php ngi gi la chn tm kim ngi trong t chc, chuyn cuc gi vo hp th thoi. Cc qui tc ny c th da trn cc iu kin nh ID ngi gi, thi gian, tnh trng free/busy trn Exchange, cho php ngi dng qun l cch m h c tm ti qua in thoi. Outlook Voice Access: Ngi dng c th qun l Inbox vi Outlook Voice Access bng cch s dng phm trn in thoi hoc bng ging ni, nh h c th truy cp t bt c u d khng c my tnh hay cc thit b kt ni internet khc. Ngi dng khng cn phi lo lng v vic tr hn hay mt kt ni khi ang trn ng i v h c th gi vo hp th ca mnh v qun l lch lm vic, thng tin lin h v email. 2.Phc hi Mailbox( Mailbox Resiliency) Microsoft Exchange 2010 cung cp mt gii php thng nht cc tnh nng High Availability (tnh sn sng p ng cao), Disaster Recovery (khc phc s c khi xy ra thm ha) v Backup (sao lu d phng). Tnh nng High Availability c th thm vo m khng cn ci t li server. Tt c cc cng vic lin quan n qun tr u thc hin ngay trong Exchange. Nh qun tr c th cu hnh mt Database Availability Group (DAG) vi ti a 16 mailbox server t ng khc phc s c mc c s d liu. Ch mt cha n 30 giy chuyn sang c s d liu d phng khi cng (cha CSDL chnh) gp s c, trnh s gin on cng vic trong t chc. Tnh nng Online Mailbox Move cho php ngi dng vn c th truy cp hp th ngay c khi hp th ang c di chuyn. Exchange 2010 ct gim 90% thao tc truy xut a cng so vi phin bn Exchange 2003, v Exchange 2010 c th trin khai vi nhiu kiu lu tr v loi a cng khc nhau m khng nh hng g n cc tnh nng, nh t chc ca bn c th mang n cho ngi dng dung lng hp mail ln hn vi chi ph thp hn trc.

Trang 56

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT Database availability group: DAG l mt tp hp cc mailbox server s dng nhm sao chp lin tc cc CSDL, kt hp vi nhau qun l cc li nh hng n mt CSDL no . DAG cung cp tnh nng t ng khc phc li nhiu mc khc nhau (li a cng, server, datacenter). Database-level failover: Exchange 2010 DAG cung cp kh nng t ng khc phc s c mc CSDL trong khi trnh c s phc tp so vi tnh nng Clustering truyn thng. Mt h hng CSDL, chng hn nh do a cng b li, s khng cn nh hng n ngi dng. Bi v hin ti khng cn s rng buc qu cht ch gia CSDL v server, vic chuyn t mt CSDL chnh sang cc bn d phng rt n gin khi a cng gp s c. S thay i ny cng vi thi gian khc phc rt nhanh chng (trong vng 30 giy) gip trnh ti a s gin on cng vic. Improved site resiliency: Exchange Server DAG cho php d dng trin khai m hnh trm d phng. Chng n gin ch l qui trnh m rng vic nhn bn cc c s d liu gia cc datacenter cch xa nhau m bo h thng vn sn sng khi 1 trm b s c hon ton. Gii php, c xy dng trong Exchange 2010, gi y cho php qun l nhng d liu c nhn bn ti trm hin hnh v trm d phng v c cc mailbox servers. Cc bn sao c s d liu c th c trin khai gia tng p ng sn sng nht nh cho t chc ca bn. Cc log files cng s c m ha m bo an ton cao hn v cng c th c nn ti u vic s dng bng thng mng v thi gian truyn ti. Integrated administration Tnh nng qun tr tch hp: Tt c tnh nng High Availability c qun l trong Exchange, nh bn khng phi x l cc li thng qua cc tnh nng ca Windows Server. Built-in mailbox recovery: T chc ca bn c th tin cy vo tnh nng High Availability trong Exchange 2010 cung cp n 16 bn sao lu CSDL thay v phi s dng bng t (Tape) t sao lu d liu, iu ny gip lm gim chi ph vn hnh h thng mail. Transport resiliency Phc hi li truyn d liu: Tnh nng Transport Server tch hp trong Exchange 2010 bo v cc email khi xy ra h hng a cng hoc li server. Server lun gi li mt bn sao n ca mi email khi n Trang 57

Thc tp chuyn nghnh MMT & TT c chuyn tip. Nu c li xy ra khi email c chuyn i, server s t ng dng bn sao lu tip tc gi email i, cho n khi thnh cng. Online mailbox moves: Bn c th di chuyn hp th gia cc server m khng cn phi ngt kt ni ngi dng. Ngi dng vn c th s dng hp mail ca h mt cch bnh thng khi qu trnh di chuyn ny ang din ra. iu ny gip trnh s gin on cng vic v cho php nh qun tr c th bo tr h thng ngay trong gi lm vic thay v phi i n ht gi hoc cc ngy ngh cui tun.. Automatic page restore: Exchange 2010 c kh nng chng s c v lu tr tt hn cc phin bn trc. Khi c h hng a xy ra, Exchange t ng sa cha li ca cc CSDL b nh hng da trn cc bn sao lu (ch p dng vi cc CSDL c ci t tnh nng High Availability). Vi kh nng t d tm v sa cha li bn c th tn dng cc gii php lu tr gi r m vn m bo s tin cy cho h thng. 3.Cng c qun l (Management tools) Microsoft Exchange 2010 cung cp cc cng c v phng thc qun l gip gim chi ph cho b phn h tr v tng quyn hn cho ngi dng. Role-based Access Control (RBAC) cho php y quyn da vo chc nng v cng vic ca ngi dng. Nh qun tr c th cp quyn cho ngi dng thc hin mt s cng vic no chng hn nh cho php nhng nhn vin kim sot ni b tin hnh tm kim trn nhiu mailbox m khng cn phi cho h quyn qun tr v khng cho php h truy cp ton b giao din qun l ca Exchange. Web-based Exchange Control Panel (ECP) Chng Trnh Qun L Exchange t giao din Web ECP cho php ngi dng to ra danh sch gi tin, theo di email, hiu chnh thng tin c nhn cc cng vic cn h tr t b phn k thut nhiu nht. Exchange 2010 cng

Documents

Exchange Server 2010