Rod K. Brunson, PhDAssociate Professor

Department of Criminology and Criminal JusticeSouthern Illinois University - Carbondale

Disentangle the impact of race and neighborhood context in negative police encounters

Focus on male adolescents’ police experiences

Three Disadvantaged Neighborhoods

Mayfield (majority white)

Barksdale (majority African American)

Hazelcrest (racially mixed)

% White % Black Median HH

Income

% Families in

Poverty

% Female-Headed

HH*

% Unemployed

Mayfield 85.6 7.4 $ 22,861 26.3 37.8 11.8

Barksdale 1.5 97.2 $ 24,099 26.5 44.7 15.2

Hazelcrest 50.2 39.8 $ 24,933 26.1 55.4 11.8

Citywide 43.9 51.2 $ 27,156 20.8 47.5 11.3

Source: U.S. Bureau of Census, 2000* With own children under 18 years of age

Neighborhood/Citywide Racial Composition and Socioeconomic

Profile

Homicide Rape Robbery Aggravated Assault Burglary Larceny Auto Theft

NumberMayfield 2 8 34 82 138 738 145

Barksdale 18 10 104 325 405 522 302

Hazelcrest 6 29 378 607 881 1390 842

Citywide 260 613 6,112 9,941 15,723 46,409 16,791

Rate*Mayfield .66 2.67 11.35 27.37 46.07 246.41 48.41

Barksdale 3.43 1.90 19.82 61.96 77.21 99.52 57.57

Hazelcrest .34 1.68 21.94 35.24 51.15 80.71 48.89

Citywide .74 1.76 17.56 28.55 45.16 133.30 48.23Source: Police Department (Study Setting)

*Mean rate per 1,000 population in 2000

Neighborhood/Citywide Crime Data,2005 - 2006

Data come from a broader study of male adolescents’ experiences while living in three disadvantaged neighborhoods

Survey and in-depth interviews with 45 black and white young men

Ages 13-19 with a mean age of approximately 16

Interviewing began fall 2005 and was completed in the spring of 2006

Male adolescents’ perceptions of policing efforts in three inner-city neighborhoods

Race, place and aggressive policing

Will

A friend of mine and me were in the community, we were outside and it was a late night and I guess the officer that approached took us as

gang bangers or whatever…

Martez

We was playin’ basketball and [my friend] put a wristband in his gym bag…The police thought it

was some crack so they stopped him and was harassing him, like, “where its at?”…

Ed

If white [police officers] are pulling over whites they are probably nicer than if they are pulling over blacks, but if they are pulling over whites

and blacks together…

Toby

[We] was on a corner during school hours and a cop talked to us about what we were doing, and then took us back to school. We got in trouble

for it at school, it sucked…

It’s the way we dress and talk. [Police] pretty much stereotype people . . . They think if kids do saggin’ pants and grills, gold [teeth] in they mouth, [that] we punks or we ain’t no good.

Nate

My neighborhood is [now] mostly black. It didn’t used to be; back in 1998 it was dominated by whites. The police wasn’t as strict back then when there wasn’t a lot of black people. Now

all you see is police!

Chris

James

[The police] react faster if somebody called from a white neighborhood, say somebody

getting shot. They gonna get there faster and they gonna treat them with more respect…

Black youths believed that officers viewed them as symbolic assailants, regardless of the context.

White youths primarily risked being stopped in a more narrow set of situations.

Neighborhood racial composition appears to be important in shaping police-community relations.