evropis sabWos enaTa swavlebis instrumentebi

gsfotjt!hvmjf!

evropis sabWos enaTa swavlebis instrumentebi. zogadevropuli kompetenciebi da portfolioebi

fopcsjwj!qpmjujljt!hbozpgjmfcb!!tusbtcvshj-!3118!

evropis sabWo

2

naSromis Targmani SeTanxmebulia evropis sabWos skolis, skolis Semdgomi da

umaRlesi ganaTlebis direqtoratTan (F-67075 strasburgi CEDEX) da gamomcem-

loba `Didier~-sTan.

kvlevis xelaxali gamocema nebadarTulia mxolod arakomerciuli miznebisaT-

vis da wyaroSi miTiTebuli pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

Targmani ganxorcielda evropis sabWos enobrivi politikis ganyofilebis fi-

nansuri mxardaWeriT.

© Council of Europe, for the English version 2007

© Editions Didier

© `saimedo~, 2008

gamomcemloba `saimedo~ Tbilisi, 2008

3

Tjobbstj!!

winasityvaoba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

evropis sabWo da Tanamedrove enebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

enaTa flobis zogadevropuli kompetenciebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

evropuli enobrivi portfolio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

nawili 1: enaTa flobis zogadevropuli

kompetenciebi da evropuli enobrivi portfolio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Sesavali: risTvis gvWirdeba analizis bade da saerTo kategoriebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Tavi 1: enis kursis aRweris ZiriTadi koncefciebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

1. konteqstis mniSvneloba, romelSic saswavlo masalaa gamoyenebuli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

2. ras gulisxmobs CEFR `kompetenciebis~ qveS? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

2. 1. individualuri zogadi kompetencia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

2. 2. komunikaciuri kompetencia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

3. enobrivi aqtivobebi swavlebis meTodur centrSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

daskvna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Tavi 2: qmedebaze orientirebuli midgoma Tanamedrove enebis swavlaSi . . . . . . . . . . 22

1. ra aris sakomunikacio amocana? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

2. amocanebis magaliTebi Tanamedrove enebis saxelmZRvaneloebSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

3. rogor SeiZleba gaanalizdes sakomunikacio davaleba?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

4. sakomunikacio davalebebis adgili pedagogiur TanmimdevrobaSi .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Tavi 3: zogadi Sefasebis doneebis skala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

1. zogadi Sefasebis doneebis miReba oficialur teqstebSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

2. Sefasebis doneebi, enobrivi aRqma da sawarmoo moRvaweoba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

3. Sefasebis doneebi da sakomunikacio davalebebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

4. kompetenciis doneebis calsaxad pozitiuri ganmarteba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

5. evropuli enobrivi portfolios Sesamowmebeli sia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

nawili 2: enebis Sefasebis zogadevropuli programa da evropuli

enobrivi portfolio (Tanamedrove enebis swavlebis meTodebi da

moswavlis damoukideblobis ganviTareba) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Sesavali: CEFR da Tanamedrove enebis silabusebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Tavi 1: CEFR-isa da ELP-is gamoyeneba gakveTilis Casatareblad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

1. sakomunikacio davalebebis SedgenaSi prioritetebis gansazRvra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

1. 1. klasebsa da swavlebis etapebs Soris uwyvetobis uzrunvelyofa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

1. 2. xelmisawvdomi lingvisturi resursebis gamdidreba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

2. enobrivi aqtivobebis dadgena micemuli davalebebis mixedviT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

3. sakomunikacio davalebebiT erTiani mimarTulebis SemoTavazeba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

3. 1. moswavleebisaTvis saSualebis micema, raTa davalebebis

mniSvneloba aRiqvan maT progresTan SesabamisobaSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

3. 2. uSualo kavSiris Semqna saklaso oTaxis situaciasa da

deskriptorebs Soris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

3. 3. moswavleebis xelSewyoba maTi warmatebis komunikaciur

amocanebSi dasadgenad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

4. moswavleebis daxmareba enobrivi miznebis Tavad dasaxvaSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

5. saxelmwifo enis SezRuduli gamoyeneba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

6. programis Seqmna davalebebis safuZvelze, romlebic Seesabamebian CEFR doneebs . . . . 75

Tavi 2: rogor unda Sefasdes enobrivi kompetenciebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

1. Sefasebis testis Sedgena CEFR-ze dayrdnobiT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

2. moswavlis mier davalebis Sesrulebis Sefaseba testSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

3. TviTSefaseba da maswavleblis Sefaseba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

4. niSnebi da kompetenciis doneebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

5. rodis SeiZleba CaiTvalos rom moswavlem miaRwia kompetenciis dones? . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Tavi 3: ELPELP-is gamoyeneba moswavleebSi mravalenovnebis mxardasaWerad . . . . . . . . . 95

1. rogor gansazRvravs CEFR mravalenovnebas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

2. sxva enebis Seswavlis aqtivobebis gaTvaliswineba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

3. mravalenovnebis Sefaseba moswavleebSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

daskvna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

teqstebTan, fotosuraTebTan da ilustraciebTan

dakavSirebuli damowmebuli literaturis sia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

4

Language Policy Division DG IV – Directorate of School, Out-of-School and Higher Education Council of Europe, Strasbourg enobrivi politikis ganyofileba

IV gany. - evropis sabWos skolis, skolis Semdgomi da umaRlesi ganaTlebis di-

reqtorati, strasburgi

Targmani merab babuxadiasi

redaqtori: marika oZeli

teqsti eleqtronuli formiT xelmisawvdomia enobrivi politikis ganyofilebis

veb-gverdze:

www.coe.int/lang <http://www.coe.int/lang

5

winasityvaoba

dReisaTvis Tanamedrove enebis sakiTxis wamoWrisas regularulad axsene-

ben enaTa flobis zogadevropul kompetenciebs (CECR). miuxedavad amisa, es

programa mainc ar aris saTanadod cnobili. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu enis maswavle-

blebi am programas ar iyeneben meTodad, maT unda miuTiTon isev CEFR-ze, raTa

aranairi gavlena ar iqonion yoveldRiur swavlebasa da Sefasebaze. maswavle-

blebs da, Sesabamisad, maTs moswavleebs ar SeeZlebaT srulad miiRon sarge-

beli arsebuli situaciidan. uares SemTxvevaSi - gaugebrobis arsebobisas, CEFR SesaZlebelia yuradRebis sagnad iqces.

CEFR-s Seaqvs garkveuli wvlili evropul enobriv politikaSi, romlis

ZiriTadi mizania evropeli moqalaqeebis komunikaciuri kompetenciebis gaum-

jobeseba da gamWvirvalobis Seqmna enobriv kvalifikaciebSi. es ormagi mizani

naTlad aris gamokveTili adgilobriv, erovnul da evropuli politikis don-

eebze, rac xsnis CEFR-is zogadi sabazo skalis swrafi da farTo aRiarebis

mizezebs. programa xdeba mniSvnelovani meTodi evropul qveynebSi ganaTlebis-

axali mimarTulebis SeqmnisaTvis Tanamedrove enebis sferoSi. is evropulma

kavSirma miiRo enarTa doneebis dadgenis standartad. axali evropisa, romelic

oficialurad Catarda 2005 wels, SeimuSavebs evropuli enebis portfolios

(ELP), enis pasports da CEFR doneebs. naTelia CEFR-is upiratesobani ganviTarebadi enobrivi politikisaTvis.

miuxedavad amisa, mainc aucilebelia vuCvenoT, Tu ra sargebloba moaqvs enis

swavlebas yoveldRiur praqtikaSi. sruli saTauri - enaTa flobis zogadevro-

puli kompetenciebi: swavla, swavleba, Sefaseba, uCvenebs, rom is exeba enis mas-

wavleblebis yvelanair profesiul aqtivobas da ara mxolod moswavlis Se-

fasebas, rogorc amas zogadad moiazreben.

pirvel rigSi, aucilebelia gairkves urTierToba enaTa flobis zogadev-

ropul kompetenciebsa da evropuli enebis portfolios Soris. Tu pedagogiuri

TvalsazrisiT mivudgebiT _ orive ganuyofelia; CEFR-i gamiznulia enis swav-

lebis politikis SeqmnisTvis, ELP-i ki _ SemswavlelTaTvis. gansxvaveba per-

speqtivaSia da ara midgomaSi. amis gamo, TiToeul maTganze specifikuri kon-

teqstis mixedviT unda visaubroT.

am dokumentis miznebia:

- ganisazRvros `kompetenciebisa~ da ELP-is wvlili Tanamedrove enaTa

swavlebis perspeqtivis TvalsazrisiT;

- SeZlebisdagvarad, konkretulad vuCvenoT, Tu rogor SeuZlia enis

maswavlebels am meTodebiT SemoTavazebuli resursebis gamoyeneba;

- da bolos: vuCvenoT, rom es ori meTodi ar warmoadgens enis swav-

lebis dinamikaSi mimarTulebis fundamentur cvlilebas bolo ramden-

ime wlis ganmavlobaSi, aramed mniSvnelovani berketia arsebuli

miznebis misaRwevad.

zemoT Camoyalibebuli miznebidan naTelia, rom es dokumenti ar gadmog-

vcems CEFR-is srul upiratesobebs. SinaarsTan dakavSirebiT, SerCeviTad unda

vimoqmedoT da orientirebuli viyoT imaze, Tu ra aris upirvelesi mizani enis

maswavleblebisaTvis skolasa da saklaso oTaxSi. SesaZlebelia, arsebobdes

sxvadasxva arCevani, Tu es dokumenti saswavlo masalis avtorebisTvis iqneboda

gankuTvnili; magaliTad _ enis gamocdis organizatorebisaTvis.

moyvanili iqneba amonawerebi saxelmZRvaneloebidan da komentarebi imi-

saTvis, raTa vuCvenoT Cveni argumentebi. am saxelmZRvaneloebis umravlesoba

aris Editions Didier-is (parizi) gamocemebi, romelsac xeli miuwvdeba avtorTan da

wyaroebTan. ra Tqma unda, es ar niSnavs, rom mxolod saxelmZRvaneloebi iqneba

gamoyenebuli CEFR-sa Tu ELP-Si asaxuli midgomebis warmosaCenad. igive SeniS-

6

vna miesadageba enebs moyvanil amonawerebs. am amonawerebSi mxolod Svidi ena

Cans, magram, ra Tqma unda, moyvanili argumentebi miesadageba yvela enas, rom-

lebic iswavleba, da ara mxolod am dokumentSi moyvanil sakmaod mcire eno-

briv CamonaTvals.

aq moyvanili mravali magaliTi exeba enis swavlebas safrangeTSi. maTi

mizania, vuCvenoT argumentebi konkretuli situaciis gaTvaliswinebiT da gavi-

azroT, rom politikuri nebis arsebobis pirobebSi, CEFR–is gamoyeneba uaRresad komfortulia aseTi swavlebis organizebasa da swavlebis praqtikaSi.

sabolood, am dokumentis Camoyalibebuli mizani gviCvenebs, Tu ratom ga-

moiyeneba termini `moswavle~ sistematurad enis SemswavlelTa da ELP-i _ momx-mareblebTan mimarTebiT. enis maswavleblebs, romelTaTvisac ZiriTadad es do-

kumentia gankuTvnili, hyavT moswavleebi, romlebzec isini arian pasuxismge-

belni. miuxedavad amisa, cxadia, rom arc CEFR-i da arc ELP-i ar aris mxolod

skolebze orientirebuli. evropis sabWo aris yvela evropelisTvis, iqnebian

eseni bavSvebi, axalgazrdebi Tu zrdasrulebi. amis msgavsad, imave mizezebis

gamo, es dokumenti moicavs mxolod CEFR-Si dadgenil ramdenime ideas. mas ar

SeuZlia Secvalos CEFR-is kiTxva.

enis maswavleblebisaTvis CEFR-isa da ELP-is gamoyenebis gadawyveta niS-navs, sakuTar Tavs miznebis miRwevis saSualeba miscen: moswavlis mxardaWera

enis swavlebaSi, moswavleTa uzrunvelyofa maTi miznebis Tavadve dasadgenad

da maTi avtonomiis gasaviTareblad, enobrivi progresis aRnusxva, warmatebis

Sefaseba da enis swavlisTvis mniSvnelobis micema. aseTi swavla eyrdnoba,

sxvaTa Soris, ZiriTadad evropul ganzomilebebs da samyaros mimarT gaxsnilo-

bas. aTasobiT maswavlebelma, romlebic yovel Rones xmaroben, did drosa da

energias uTmoben warmatebul partniorobas, ucxoeTis skolebTan gacvliT

proeqtebsa da sxva qveynebSi vizitebs, kargad ician, rom enis namdvili swavla

SeuZlebelia am survilis _ evropul da saerTaSoriso kulturebSi CarTvis

gareSe.

CEFR-i da ELP-i maswavleblebs saSualebas aZleven, intensiuri gaxadon

es procesi yvela saklaso RonisZiebis, swavlebisa da Sefasebis gaazrebulad

Catarebis gziT evropul rakursSi. NBNB: am axali gamocemisaTvis garkveuli cvlilebebi Sevida SinaarsSi, raTa

mravalricxovani mkiTxvelisTvis xelmisawvdomi yofiliyo safrangeTis farglebs gareTac

(cvlilebebi zogierT magaliTSi da sxva enebis magaliTebis CarTva, safrangeTis ganaT-

lebis sistemis zogierTi maxasiaTeblebis axsna da a. S.). es cvlilebebi aranairad ar mo-

qmedeben argumentebze, romlebic msgavsia wina gamocemebSi arsebuli argumentebisa.

7

evropis sabWo da Tanamedrove enebi

(CEFR) enaTa flobis zogadevropuli kompetenciebisa da evropuli eno-

brivi portfolios (ELP) miznebis ukeT gasagebad, mcire informacias unda

vflobdeT evropis sabWoze. es organizacia, romlis Stab-bina strasburgSia,

eweva enobrivi mravalferovnebisa da enebis swavlis sferoSi saqmianobas evro-

puli kulturuli konvenciis mixedviT, romelic xelmowerisaTvis gamzadda 1954

wlis 1 dekembers. is amJamad aerTianebs 46 evropul wevr-saxelmwifos. is avi-

Tarebs politikas, romelic Seqmnilia urTierTgagebis gaZlierebisa da

gaRrmavebis, demokratiuli moqalaqeobis konsolidaciisa da socialuri er-

Tianobis SenarCunebisaTvis.

Tanamedrove enebs evropis sabWos muSaobaSi imTaviTve mniSvnelovani

adgili ekavaT. wina proeqti mxars uWerda maRali donis komunikaciuri kompe-

tenciis dauflebas ise, rom yvelas SeZleboda sargebeli mieRo

urTierTqmedebiTa da mobilurobiT evropaSi. mas Semdeg axali problemebi

dadga globalizaciisa da internacionalizaciis gamo. enobrivi unarebi axla

Tanabrad aucilebelia yvela moqalaqisaTvis socialuri erTianobisa da inte-

graciisaTvis da demokratiuli moqalaqeobisaTvis evropaSi, mravalenovan sa-

zogadoebebSi.

Tanamedrove enebis swavlebas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba mieniWa ev-

ropis sabWos enobrivi politikis ganyofilebis (www.coe.int/lang) erTiani

strategiis SemuSavebiT da agreTve avstriaSi, qalaq gracSi, Tanamedrove enebis

evropuli centris (www.ecml.at) daarsebiT.

enis maswavleblebi aRiareben evropis sabWos garkveul wvlils maTs

yoveldRiur praqtikaSi, kerZod, udavoa am organizaciis roli komunikaciuri

midgomis SemotanaSi enis saxelmZRvaneloebsa da saswavlo masalebSi. es

wvlili xazgasmulia rig seriul gamocemebSi 1975 da 1990 wlebSi enobrivi

saSualebebis CamonaTvaliT, romelic saWiroa sxva enaze molaparakeebTan sa-

Tanadod urTierTobisaTvis: “niveau seuil~ frangulad, “Kontaktschwelle~ germanulad,

“nivel umbral~ espanurad, `zRvruli done~ (“threshold level~) inglisurad da misT. am

naSromebma gadamwyveti wvlili Seitana funqciuri xedvis SemotanaSi, rac da-

kavSirebulia silabusebSi da saswavlo masalebsa da praqtikaSi komunikaciur

amocanebTan. maT SesaZlebeli gaxades, gamokveTiliyo zogadi da specifikuri

cnebebi da enis funqciebi, romlebic metad saWiro instrumentebad iqcnen.

8

enaTa flobis zogadevropuli kompetenciebi

CEFR-i aris dokumenti, romelic momzadebulia 1993 da 2000 wlebSi eq-

spertebis mier evropis sabWos xelmZRvanelobiT. is oficialurad miRebuli iyo

Zalze farTo konsultaciis Semdeg 2001 wels enebis evropuli wlis ganmavlo-

baSi.

CEFR-i gamoica evropis sabWos or oficialur

enaze inglisurad (kembrijis universitetis presa,

2001 w.) da frangulad (Editions Didier, 2001) da gadai-Targmna 30-ze met enaze. is ar aris dogmaturi an

instruqciebis mimcemi dokumenti, romelic Taname-

drove enis swavlisa da swavlebis specifikur ar-

gumentebsa da arCevans yvela wevri saxelmwifosaT-

vis, yvela institutSi, yvela samizne jgufisa da

yvela enisaTvis mxolod erT meTods awesebs.

misi ZiriTadi mizania, Seasrulos aRweriTi

meTodis funqcia, romelic arCevanis saSualebas

miscems sxvadasxva konteqstSi enis swavlebas an

saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebs. CEFR-is gamoyenebiT

maT SeuZliaT aRweron da Seadaron maTi saswavlo

variantebi, swavlebis miznebi, romelTac isini mis-

deven da Sedegebi kvalifikaciis doneebis mixedviT.

CEFR-is mniSvnelovani mizania, mxari dauWi-

ros gamWvirvalobas da SedarebiTobas enis swavlebis daregulirebis procesSi

da enis kvalifikaciaSi. am mxriv, is gvTavazobs:

- situaciebisa da arCevanis gaanalizebisa da aRweris saerTo me-

Todologias enis swavlebasa da swavlaSi;

- saerTo terminologias yvela enebisaTvis da saganmanaTleblo kon-

teqstisaTvis;

- enis kvalifikaciis doneebis saerTo skalas miznis dasaxvisa da swav-

lis Sedegis Sefasebis dasaxmareblad.

CEFR-i iyenebs aqtivobaze orientirebul midgomas, romelic emyareba enis

swavlebasa da swavlas da sakomunikacio amocanebis Sesrulebas.

9

evropuli enobrivi portfolio

2001 wels oficialurad dawyebuli CEFR-is sapilote proeqti 15 evropul

qveyanaSi warmoadgens enis SemswavlelTaTvis garkveul doneze CEFR-Si gaT-

valiswinebuli midgomebisa da meTodebis miwodebas.

ELP-i aris Semswavlelis _ moswavlis, Segirdis an studentis sakuTreba.

is Tan sdevs Semswavlels swavlis mTeli procesis ganmavlobaSi, Tundac

manamde, sanam isini Seicvlian akademiur Tu saswavlo kurss, rac sxva ELP mod-els xdis sasurvels an aucilebels (gadasvla dawyebiTi skolidan saSualo

skolaSi da a. S.)

ELP-i momxmareblebs aZlevs Semdeg saSualebebs:

- Caiweros maTi yvela enobrivi unari da gamocdileba sxvadasxva enis

gamoyenebaSi, sxva qveynebSi an danarCen regionebSi da im enaze mety-

velebTan kontaqtebi, romlebic gansxvavdeba maTi mSobliuri enisagan

(enebisagan) ise, rom SesaZlebeli iyos maTi wardgena mesame mxarisT-

vis;

- ganviTardes maTi enis swavlis avtonomiuroba, anu imaze fiqri, Tu

rogor saqmianoben da swavliT rogor axdenen TviTSefasebas;

- mizanmimarTuli svla namdvili mravalenovnebisken.

yovel ELP-s aqvs sami nawili:

- enobrivi pasporti, romelSic momxmareblebi iweren informacias donis

Sesaxeb yvela im enaSi, romelic maT ician an swavloben;

- enobrivi biografia, romelic mxars uWers winare swavlisa da TviT-

Sefasebis asaxvas;

- saqme, romelic Seicavs aRniSnuli doneebisa da moxsenebuli ga-

mocdilebis damamtkicebel masalebsa da dokumentebs.

ELP-ebi icvleba qveynisa da saganmanaTleblo konteqstis mixedviT.

miuxedavad amisa, yoveli maTgani daeqvemdebara evropuli saratifikacio ko-

mitetis dokuments, romelic maT akreditaciis nomers aniWebs. mravalferovne-

bis miuxedavad, isini inarCuneben evropul orientacias, rac maTi gamoyenebis

aRiarebis pirobaa nebismier dros, im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu icvleba sacxovre-

beli adgili (sxva qveyanaSi an regionSi migracia) swavlis mizniT.

10

magaliTad, safrangeTSi 2006 wels sami ELP-is modeli dakanonda:

- Mon Premier Portfolio dawyebiTi skolisTvis (akreditacia # 202000) Se-

muSavebuli CIEP-is mier; - PEL college (akreditacia N# 44, 2003) SemuSavebuli CIEP-is eqspertebis

da mkvlevrebis mier Ecole normale superieure (ENS) de Lettres et Sciences humaines-dan;

- Mon Premier Portfolio (akreditacia #5-2000) SemuSavebuli kanis regionuli

saganmanaTleblo uflebamosilebis samuSao jgufis mier da gamoce-

muli CRDP de Basse-Normandie-isa da Editions Didier-is mier. evropis sabWo maswavleblebs uzrunvelyofs saxelmZRvaneloebisa da

praqtikuli magaliTebis seriebiT, romelTagan zogierTi SesaZlebelia ixiloT

ELP-is veb-gverdze (www.coe.int/portfolio). unda aRvniSnoT ori maTgani (gamocemuli

evropis sabWos gamomcemlobis mier), romlebic Zalian sasargebloa am meTodis

gansaxorcieleblad:

- evropuli enobrivi portfolio: saxelmZRvanelo maswavleblebisa da

maswavlebelTa trenerebisTvis (deivid liTlisa da radka perklovas

avtorobiT), gamocemuli 2001 wlis ianvarSi;

- evropuli enobrivi portfolios gamoyeneba: cxra magaliTi (gamoce-

muli devid liTlis mier).

11

nawili 1

enaTa flobis zogadevropuli kompetenciebi da evropuli enobrivi

portfolio

tbtxbwmp!nbtbmjtb!eb!njehpnfcjt!!bSxfsjtb!eb!bobmj{jt!psj!nfUpej!

!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

12

!!

Sesavali

sjtUwjt!hwXjsefcb!bobmj{jt!cbef!eb!!tbfsUp!lbufhpsjfcj!

CEFR-ma axal eras daudo safuZveli evropaSi Tanamedrove enebis swav-

lebis istoriaSi pirveli enobrivi politikis meTodis SeqmniT, romelic

namdvilad moicavs yvela Tanamedrove enas. 1975-1990 wlebs Soris gamocemuli

`zRvruli doneebi~ Seqmnili iyo enis swavlebisa da gamoyenebis saerTo Sexed-

ulebebis safuZvelze, Tumca, igi gankuTvnili iyo erTi konkretuli enisaTvis.

konkretul enaSi CEFR-is publikacia gamiznulia ara enis maswavle-

blebisaTvis, aramed pirovnebebisTvis, romlebic am enas mSobliuriviT floben.

magaliTad, CEFR-is franguli gamocema gamiznulia safrangeTSi arabulis, bas-

kuris, berberulis, bretonulis, kataloniuris, Cinuris, portugaliuris,

ebraulis, italiuris, provansulis, rusulis, espanuris, Turqulisa da misT.

maswavleblebisaTvis, romlebic muSaoben safrangeTSi an frangulis, rogorc

ucxo enis maswavleblebisaTvis. ra Tqma unda, maT SesaZlebelia surdeT, rom

flobdnen an konsultacia gaiaron CEFR-is versiaze im enaSi, romelsac isini

aswavlian. am SemTxvevaSi maT SeuZliaT gamoiyenon mocemuli enis leqsikoni da

moipovon im RonisZiebebis an kvalifikaciis doneebis aRwera, romelic

Sedgenilia im regionSi ucxo enis swavlebisaTvis. magram enis maswavleblebisa

da trenerebisTvis yvelaze bunebrivi gza iqneba _ gamoiyenon CEFR-i; am do-kumentis miReba SeuZliaT mSobliur enaze, erovnul (saxelmwifo) enaze an im

saganmanaTleblo enaze, romel enazec uxdebaT muSaoba.

CEFR-is pirdapiri daniSnuleba im situaciebis aRwerisa da analizis me-

Todologiebis dadgenaa, romlis mixedviTac Tanamedrove enas aswavlian an

swavloben. am procesSi aucilebelia terminologiis SerCeva.

enis maswavleblebma ician terminologiis mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb. isini ak-

virdebian sirTuleebs, romlebic moswavleebs xvdebaT terminologiaSi cvli-

lebebisas, rodesac isini cdiloben, ucxo enis gramatikuli cnebebi Seusabamon

saTanado cnebebs maTs mSobliur enaze da Tundac cnebebs im enebSi, romlebsac

isini swavloben. jerjerobiT am faqts arasdros ar gamouwvevia terminologie-

bis unifikacia an maT Soris seriozuli harmonizacia. faqtobrivad, termi-

nologia mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli TiToeuli enis sistemis TaviseburebebTan.

is damokidebulia lingvistur midgomaze, romelic moyvanilia saxel-

mZRvaneloebSi an gamokvlevebSi. is arasodes ar aris kategoriebis krebuli,

romelic SesaZlebelia, gadatanil iqnes erTi enidan meoreze.

Tanamedrove enebis Teoriasa da swavlebis meTodebSi cvlilebebi yovel-

Tvis aRiniSneboda axali terminebis gamoCeniT. es ar aris erTsa da imave peda-

gogiur RonisZiebaze axali saxelebis darqmevis TviTmiznuri axireba, aramed

pedagogiuri azrovnebisa da orientirebis winsvlis maCvenebeli misi ganviTare-

bis praqtikaSi.

zogierTi qveynis enis silabusebSi Semotanili terminologia, magaliTad,

2005 wels safrangeTSi kolejebisaTvis (saSualo safexuris skolebisaTvis)

miRebuli silabusebi xSirad msgavsia CEFR-is silabusebisa. Tumca gamoyenebu-

lia SerCeuli terminebic.EBisini AerTad, Tanmimdevrulad qmnian Tanamedrove

enebis swavla / swavlebisadmi specifikur midgomas. yvela enis maswavlebels

unda SeeZlos daadginos, Tu ras moicavs es terminologiuri cvlilebebi. Sem-

deg maT SeeZlebaT gaigon da aqtiuri monawileoba miiRon maTi disciplinis

aqtiur warmoCenaSi.

13

CEFR-is wevri saxelmwifoebisaTvis wardgeniT, evropis sabWom uzrunve-

lyo gamWvirvalobis miRweva, urTierTgageba da Tavsebadoba rogorc swavlebis

sistemebSi, ise enaTa kvalifikaciebSi. am mimarTulebebs xels uwyobs zogadi

sabazo doneebi, romelTa potenciali naCvenebi iqneba yvela enis maswavlebli-

saTvis.

CEFR-is erT-erTi mizania, mxari davuWiroT enis Tanamedrove swavlebis

profesionalebs, ifiqron sakuTar praqtikaze. warmodgenili midgoma maT daex-

marebaT gamocdilebaSi, saswavlo masalaze an pedagogiur meTodikaze muSao-

baSi. amgvarad, sxvadasxva enisa da kulturis an sxvadasxva qveynidan maswavle-

blebs SeuZliaT miaRwion urTierTgagebas da Seadaron TavianTi gamocdileba.

swavlebis sxvadasxva doneebis mqone enis maswavleblebsa da moswavleebs

sxvadasxva qveynidan SeuZliaT xeli Seuwyon gacvlebs, debatebs da urTierT-

gamdidrebas. analitikuri midgoma SesaZlebelia da unda Catardes yvela mxaris

arCevanis, TiToeuli enis tradiciebisa Tu maxasiaTeblebis da Sesabamisi swav-

lebis konkretuli konteqstis mimarT.

mocemuli meTodis upiratesoba aSkara gaxdeba, upirveles yovlisa ki

erTsa da imave skolaSi sxvadasxva enis maswavleblebisTvis.

14

Tavi 1

fojt!lvstjt!bSxfsjt![jsjUbej!lpodfgdjfcj!

CEFR aris mravalmxrivi dokumenti. is cdilobs Tanmimdevrulad moicvas

enis swavleba da swavlis mravalricxovani situaciebi da problemaTa umravle-

soba, romlebic gvxvdeba aseT situaciebSi. es mizani mianiSnebs, rom misi gark-

veuli ideebi kompleqsuria.

udavoa, rom yvela enis maswavlebelma da trenerma, visac Segnebulad

unda monawileoba miiRos am sferos debatebSi da gansajos, Tu ra aris gadam-

wyveti sxvadasxva pedagogiur arCevansa da gadawyvetilebaSi, unda mimarTon am

dokuments da imsjelon am dokumentis Sinaarsis, aseve mis TiToeul nawilSi

dasmul kiTxvebze. Tumca, pirvelad CEFR-is mkiTxveli SesaZlebelia sakmaod

daibnes moyvanili mravali koncefciiT da detaluri axsniT, rac mocemulia

sxvadasxva TavSi. CEFR-is sruli gageba moiTxovs droTa ganmavlobaSi ramden-

jerme wakiTxvas, individualuri moTxovnilebebisa da interesebis mixedviT

garkveuli nawilebis SerCevas.

kiTxvis dawyebis dasaxmareblad qvemoT moviyvanT CEFR-is ramdenime pa-rametrsa da ramdenime koncefcias, romlebic arCeulia enis maswavleblebis

yoveldRiuri praqtikis damaxasiaTebeli bunebis gamo. argumentis ilustrire-

bisaTvis unda SemovitanoT es koncefciebi da SemoTavazebuli terminologia

(dabeWdili msxvili SriftiT Sesabamis teqstSi) frangulis, rogorc ucxo enis

saxelmZRvanelodan amonawerebis mokle analizis safuZvelze.

es Tavi ubralod aRwers terminebs, romlebic mniSvnelovania swavlebis

situaciebSi. am gansazRvrebaTa praqtikuli Sedegebi gamokvleuli iqneba Sem-

dgom TavebSi.

es frangulis, rogorc ucxo enis saxelmZRvanelodan SemTxveviT Ser-

Ceuli gverdia, romelic wignis meaTe Tavis Semadgeneli nawilia. sax-

elmZRvanelodan moyvanil gverdebs win uZRvis ramdenime aqtivoba da savarjiSo

warsulis gamosaxatavad, romelSic ramdenime dausrulebeli droa Semotanili.

1. konteqstis mniSvneloba, romelSic saswavlo masalaa gamoyenebuli

es konteqsti aRwerilia wignis winasityvaobaSi. misi momxmareblebi arian

ufrosi asakis axalgazrdebi da mozrdilebi, romelTac SeuZliaT dauTmon 60

saaTi frangulis uSualo Seswavlas (Zalian didi drois maCvenebeli). es xsnis

imas, Tu ratom aris wignis Sinaarsi Semofargluli sami nawiliT, romelTagan

TiToeuli Sedgeba oTxi Tavisagan _ kompleqsuri, magram ricxvebiT Semofar-

gluli obieqtebiT (informaciis moTxovna da mowodeba; kiTxva, urTierToba,

laparaki vinmeze da vinmes gamocdileba).

15

nebismieri sxva saxelmZRvanelo, romelic ar aris romelime specifikuri

instituciuri sazogadoebisTvis gankuTvnili, saSualebas ar iZleva, zustad

dadgindes am meTodis momxmareblebis moTxovnilebebi. Tumca naTelia, rom

moswavleebisa da zrdasrulTaTvis mokle treningis kursisTvis interesebis

ZiriTadi sfero iqneba piradi cxovreba an sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis Cveuli

saqmianobebi (personaluri da sazogado interesebis sfero).

mokled, konteqstis analizma, romelic asaxulia saxelmZRvaneloSi,

SesaZlebelia garkveuli mniSvnelovani informacia mogvawodos miRebuli ar-

Cevanis gagebasa da Sefasebaze. es unda davukavSiroT momxmareblebis maxasiaTe-

blebs, maT specifikur Tvisebebs da moTxovnebs enis gamoyenebasTan dakavSire-

biT (piradi, sajaro, profesiuli an saganmanaTleblo interesebis sferoebi).

amis pirdapiri Sedegebi mocemulia kopirebul or gverdze. Sinaarsi da

saqmianobebi exeba pirad interesebs (individualuri moTxovnilebebi da

urTierTobebi pirovnebebs Soris). gare situaciebi am interesebis sferoSi

xvdeba: saxli da sastumroebi _ adgilebi, movlenebi dakavSirebulia ardade-

gebTan, da sazrunavi Semoifargleba yoveldRiuri cxovrebiT. komunikaciuri

moqmedebebisTvis aRebuli Temebi aris saxli da garemomcveli samyaro (aveji,

sawoli oTaxisa da saxlis mowyoba, servisebi da misT.), saWmeli da sasmeli.

komunikaciuri amocanebi dakavSirebulia pirad interesebTanac: megobar-

Tan darekva, saxlis mepatronesTan darekva binis daqiravebis mizniT, pretenzie-

bis wayeneba daqiravebuli sacxovreblis Taobaze, mcire zomis reklamebis

wakiTxva, SeniSvnebi ardadegebze.

sabolood, am ormag gverdze saxelmZRvanelo gamoyenebulia teqstebisa

da savarjiSoebisaTvis. arsebobs zepirmetyvelebis Cawerili teqstebi (satele-

fono saubari), werilobiTi teqstebi (mcire zomis sareklamo gancxadeba), sala-

parako teqsti, romelic momzadebulia SemswavlelTa mier (satelefono

saubari) da werilobiTi teqsti, momzadebuli Semswavlelebis mier (miwer-

mowera ardadegebis ganmavlobaSi) SesavliTa da savaraudo Sinaarsis miniSne-

biT. es ar aris realuri dokumentebi da, cxadia, Seqmnilia swavlebis mizne-

bisaTvis.

agreTve aRniSnuli iqneba, rom CEFR-is terminologiaSi `teqsti~ gamo-

yenebulia amgvari gagebiT: moicvas ènobrivi moRvaweobis nebismieri sfero,

saubari Tu wera, romelsac momxmareblebi / Semswavlelebi miiReben, gamoiyene-

ben Tu Secvlian~ (CEFR, gv. 93). amis gamo, `teqstze~ unda vilaparakoT, rogorc

zepiri, ise werilobiTi dokumentis Sesaxeb, romelic gamoyenebulia moswavlee-

16

bis mier da Seqmnilia maT mier. aqve ganvixilavT dialogebsac: im winadadebebis

mowodebiT, romlebic Sinaarsobrivad erT mTlianobas qmnian.

momxmareblebi

konteqstTan dakavSirebuli maxasiaTeblebi

moTxovnilebebi

interesebi

Temebi gare situaciebi komunikaciuri amocanebi

ra SeiZleba aqedan iswavlos enis maswavlebelma?

swavlebis Tanmimdevrobaze an saswavlo masalaze zemoqmedeba au-

cileblad niSnavs swavlebaze arsebuli SezRudvebisa da moswavlis

an studentis moTxovnilebebis ganxilvas. rogorc Cans, es parametrebi

Zalian xSirad arasworad aRiqmeba. swavlebis situaciebi, romlebic

ZiriTadad gvxvdeba klasebSi, Zireulad gansxvavdeba im konteqstisa-

gan, romelsac iyenebs frangulis, rogorc ucxo enis es sax-

elmZRvanelo. Cven iSviaTad gvaqvs saqme zrdasrulebTan da moswav-

leebs ufro meti dro aqvT enis saswavleblad. maTi moTxovnilebebi

ar Semoifargleba piradi interesebiT, an Tundac mxolod samsaxureo-

brivi interesebiT profesiuli kursebis SemTxvevaSi. Tanamedrove ene-

bis silabusebis kulturuli Sinaarsi moicavs im Temebis CarTvis au-

cileblobas, romlebic moicaven rogorc pirad, aseve sazogadoebriv

interesebs (sazogadoebis organizacia da funqcionireba, pirovnebaT-

Sorisi damokidebulebebi specifikur socialur farglebSi,

mniSvnelovani kulturuli orientirebi, debatebi qveyanaSi da misT.)

ra Tqma unda, es interesebi unda Seesabamebodes sxvadasxva datvirT-

viT miRweul swavlis donesa da moswavlis pirad miznebs. ufro metic,

orenovan saganmanaTleblo kursebSi, im sistemebSi, sadac enis swav-

lebis integrireba xdeba sxva sagnebis swavlebasTan da klasSi

emzadebian orenovani diplomisaTvis _ moswavlis interesebi emTxveva

akademiur interesebs. enis maswavleblebi naxaven cxrilebs CEFR-Si, romlebic uCveneben Tematur magaliTebs da TiToeuli interesis

sferos garemomcvel situaciebs. aRiniSneba, rom CEFR-is midgoma ar gamoricxavs kulturul konteqsts. is savsebiT integrirebulia swav-

lebis situaciis analizis parametrebTan. adgili, romelsac Taname-

drove enis swavleba kulturul nawils uTmobs mravali qveynis ga-

naTlebis sistemebSi (dawyebiT skolaSi Tu dabal da zeda saSualo

skolaSi), warmoiSoba moswavleebis zogad ganaTlebaSi am sagnis

konkretuli roliT. agreTve acxadeben, rom enis Seswavla SeuZlebe-

lia Sesabamisi qveynis kulturisa da civilizaciis Seswavlis gareSe.

es Sexeduleba aranairad ar ewinaaRmdegeba evropis sabWos midgomas,

romelmac CEFR-is Semotanis Semdeg aRniSna, rom unda gaviTvaliswi-

noT yoveli metyvelis socialuri foni. cxadia, rom swavlebis situa-

ciis an saswavlo masalis aRwera sruliad unda iTvaliswinebdes aseT

azrs.

17

2. ras gulisxmobs CEFR `kompetenciis~ qveS?

CEFR ganasxvavebs pirovnul zogad kompetencias (codna, unari da eg-

zistencialuri kompetencia) komunikaciuri kompetenciisagan.

2. 1. individualuri zogadi kompetencia

frangulis, rogorc ucxo enis, am saxelmZRvanelos momxmarebelTa indi-

vidualuri zogadi kompetencia sakmaod maRalia sazogadoebis Sesaxeb codnis

TvalsazrisiT (igulisxmeba macxovreblebisa da mflobelebis uflebebi da

movaleobebi da misT.), unarebi (saxelmZRvanelo uSvebs, rom momxmareblebma

ician, Tu rogor wamoayenon pretenzia da misT.) da egzistencialuri kompeten-

cia (momxmareblebs moeTxovebaT scenebis gaTamaSeba saxlis mepatronesa da mo-

binadreebs Soris, rac moiTxovs garkveul risks da garkveul urTierTda-

mokidebulebas SemswavlelTa Soris). rasakvirvelia, es winapiroba pirdapir

unda Seesabamebodes momxmareblis maxasiaTeblebs (konteqsti, romelSic gamo-

yenebulia saxelmZRvanelo). Tu am gverdebis Sinaarsebs SeviswavliT socio-

lingvisturi codnis gadacemis TvalsazrisiT, romelic dakavSirebulia fran-

gulis swavlebasTan, davinaxavT, rom sakiTxebi, romelTac ganixilaven, aris

saxlis daqiravebis SesaZlebloba zRvis piras zafxulSi, dakisrebuli gadas-

axadi, silamazeebis Zieba, xalxis dakavSirebis sirTule agvistoSi (tradiciu-

lad dasvenebis Tve) da, albaT, samwuxarod, dasvenebis adgilebSi gavrcele-

buli xulignobebi, ris Taobazec unda gavafrTxiloT turistebi. Tumca, es

ukanaskneli sastumros dasvenebis idiliuri suraTiT iwyeba.

2. 2. komunikaciuri kompetencia

am ormag gverdze komunikaciuri kompetenciis ganviTareba moicavs mis sam

komponentze muSaobas:

a) enobrivi komponenti, anu

- gramatikuli kompetencia: iswavlon, Tu rogor Camoayalibon warsuli

usruli dro da gamoiyenon is komunikaciuri amocanebisaTvis, ro-

melic moiTxovs am drois gamoyenebas (mowyenilobis gamoxatva wina

Tvis mudmivi diskomfortis Sesaxeb, werilobiTi gadmocema, Tu rogor

Caiara axlaxan damTavrebulma ardadegebma sastumroSi);

- fonologiuri da orTografiuli kompetenciebi: bgeris akustikuri da

grafikuli urTierTdakavSireba;

18

- leqsikuri kompetencia: aq weriTi amocana codnis gamdidrebas

emsaxureba.

b) sociolingvisturi komponenti

mocemuli ori teqsti (mosmenili dialogi da momxmareblebis mier Seqm-

nili dialogi) saSualebas iZleva, iswavlon zrdilobiani qceva satelefono

saubrisas megobarTan Tu ucxosTan. weriTi davaleba momxmareblebs weris we-

sebs aswavlis, rodesac adgili aqvs pirad komunikacias misTvis Zalian axlo

pirovnebasTan.

`sociolingvisturi kompetencia exeba enis gamoyenebis socialuri gan-

zomilebebisTvis aucilebel codnasa da unarebs (...): socialuri urTierTobebis

lingvistur niSnebs; Tavazian qcevas; xalxuri sibrZnis gamonaTqvamebs; Canaw-

eris gansxvavebebs; dialeqtsa da aqcents~ (CEFR, gv. 118).

g) pragmatuli komponenti

miuxedavad imisa, rom am gadaRebul gverdze detalurad ar ganixileba es

komponenti, is gvxvdeba sul mcire or SemTxvevaSi: mokle sapirispiro ga-

moxatulebebisgan Semdgar werilobiTi teqstSi da urTierTgacvliT martiv

verbalur modelebSi:

`ganixileba pragmatuli kompetenciebi momxmareblis / Semswavlelis mier

im principebis codniT, romlis Setyobinebaa:

a) organizebuli, struqturuli da mowesrigebuli (`msjelobis kompe-

tencia~);

b) gamoyenebulia komunikaciuri funqciebis Sesasruleblad (`funqciuri

kompetencia~);

g) awyobilia interaqtiuli da tranzaqciuli sqemis mixedviT (`Seqmnis

kompetencia~). (CEFR; gv. 123).

19


sayovelTaod gavrcelebuli Sexedulebis sapirispirod, komuni-

kaciuri midgoma, romelic mocemulia CEFR-Si, ar adgens da ar

afasebs enis Tanmimdevrul Seswavlas. gagebis an gamoTqmis

aqtivobebi, komunikaciuri davalebebis saSualebiT, mWidrod aris

dakavSirebuli kompetenciebis ganviTarebaze, rac warmoadgens pro-

gresis yvelaze martiv gzas. CEFR-is sargeblianoba Segvaxsenebs,

rom kompetenciebi icvlebian bunebrivad da yvela maTgani exmareba

moswavlis warmatebas. enis maswavleblebs amis gamo SeuZliaT sa-

kuTar Tavs Semdegi kiTxvebi dausvan maTi swavlebis praqtikisa da

masalis Sesaxeb:

• ra wvlilia Setanili moswavlis individualuri zogadi kompe-

tenciis gasaviTareblad? magaliTad, ra doneze uwyobs xels

moswavles samuSaos socialuri formebi, dasmuli amocanebi da

Sesworeba / Sefasebis praqtika imisTvis, rom man salaparako da

werilobiT gamoxatvaSi gariskos, romelic egzistencialuri

kompetenciis mniSvnelovani komponentia, Tu progresi unda Seim-

Cneodes Tanamedrove enaSi?

• marTla mivyavarT Tu ara aRniSnul aqtivobebs komunikaciuri

kompetenciebis sxvadasxva komponentis gaumjobesebamde?

• komunikaciuri kompetenciebis ganviTareba mniSvnelovnad moicavs

Tu ara socialur da pragmatul komponentebs?

3. enobrivi aqtivobebi swavlebis meTodur centrSi

mniSvnelovani enobrivi aqtivobebia:

- smeniTi aRqma;

- vizualuri aRqma;

- metyvelebis interaqtivi (dialogur situaciaSi);

- metyvelebis warmoqmna (aRwera, wardgena, Txroba da misT.);

- werilobiTi gamoxatva (moxseneba, statia da misT.);

CEFR moicavs:

- weriT interaqtivs (el-fostebi da misT);

- Suamdgomlobas erTi da imave mosaubris mier or enas Soris an or

pirovnebas Soris, romlebic erTsa da imave enaze an or sxvadasxva

enaze metyveleben.

frangulis, rogorc ucxo enis am saxelmZRvaneloSi ena iswavleba eno-

brivi aqtivobebis mimdinareobiT: Tavdapirvelad - smeniTi aRqma, Cawerili

satelefono saubris mosmenaze dayrdnobiT; Semdeg laparakiT urTierToba

dialogis Seqmnisas imave saganze, magram sxvadasxva pirovnebas Soris, binis

gaqiravebis reklamis vizualuri aRqma; weriTi aqtivoba: ardadegebis Sesaxeb

monaTxrobi werilis formiT. garkveuli enobrivi aqtivobebi am or gverdze ar

warmoadgens treningis sagans: sxvaTa Soris, SuamdgomlobiTi aqtivoba enebs

Soris an ramdenime pirovnebas Soris ar arsebobs (informaciis nawilis gada-

cema mesame pirisTvis, Targmna, informaciis perifrazireba meore enaze da

misT.), amasTanave, ar aris saubris gamarTva (movlenaTa aRwera da misT.).

TiToeuli enobrivi aqtivoba damoukideblad mimdinareobs. magaliTad,

saxelmZRvanelo ar gvirCevs aranair zepir komentars mosmenili satelefono

saubris Sinaarsze, romliTac iqmneboda gagebisa da warmoqmnis aqtivobebis

kombinacia da, aqedan gamomdinare, urTierTdamokidebuleba maT Soris. am enebis

aRqmisa da warmoqmnis aqtivobebSi treningi mocemulia specialuri davalebebiT,

20

Tumca, naTelia kavSiri am davalebebs Soris interaqtivis formidan (ori

satelefono saubari exeba erTsa da imave sagans), aRebuli leqsikonidan da

enobrivi aspeqtebidan, romlebic miiReba instruqciebisa da salaparako situa-

ciebidan.

davalebebs Tan axlavs damatebiTi saSualebebi: pirveli dialogis Si-

naarsi moqmedebs, rogorc meore dialogis Seqmnis / warmoqmnis instruqcia da,

aqedan gamomdinare, mcirdeba davalebis sirTule; mniSvnelovani enobrivi saSu-

aleba mocemulia informaciiT arasruli drois gamosaxatavad, beWdviT rekla-

maSi mocemuli leqsikonis meSveobiT da leqsikoniT, romelic mowodebulia

weriTi davalebebis Sesasruleblad da misT; ufro metic, amocanis prog-

nozirebis xarisxi Zalian maRalia da es mniSvnelovani winapirobaa.

davaleba, romelic zrdis salaparako interaqtivis sirTules, mainc

aranairad ar aris umniSvnelo (`warmoidgine saubari Jan-luisa da saxlis pa-

trons Soris ardadegebidan misi dabrunebisas~). es ori roli ar aris Tanabrad

rTuli; maSin, roca mobinadris roli aSkarad SesaZlebelia, aRniSnul dax-

marebas daeyrdnos, mflobelis roli ar iRebs aseT daxmarebas da misi war-

matebiT Sesruleba mniSvnelovnad ganapirobebs dialogis ganviTarebas.

zogierTi davaleba momxmarebels saTanado strategiebis gamoyenebas ur-

Cevs: iseTs, rogoricaa, magaliTad, codnis, unarebisa da kompetenciebis mobi-

lizeba, raTa Seasrulon es davalebebi. modiT, ganvixiloT ori aseTi strate-

gia:

- dialogis mosasmenad momzadeba dabeWdili reklamis wakiTxviT da am

teqstis gagebis mizniT davalebis Sesruleba reklamaSi aRniSnuli

saSualebebis gamoyenebiT;

- saubris warmoqmnis amocanis dagegmva dialogis mosmenisas konspeqtis

gamoyenebiT da davalebis Sesruleba konspeqtis mixedviT. rolis Ses-

ruleba SeiZleba gakontroldes reklamis SinaarsiT.


gansxvaveba, romelic CEFR-ma gaavlo kompetenciebs Soris, enobrivi

aqtivobebi da komunikaciuri davalebebi unda daexmaros enis mas-

wavleblebs SemdgomSi:

- naTlad aRiqvan kavSiri kompetenciasa da aqtivobas Soris; kom-

petenciebi SesaZlebelia gaaqtiurdes da Sefasdes mxolod gage-

biT, Suamdgomlobis aqtivobebis gamoxatviT;

- ganasxvaos enis gamoxatviTi aqtivobebi, kerZod, sametyvelo kon-

teqstSi, interaqtiul situaciebSi da warmoqmnaSi (sxvadasxva

konteqstebSi, samuSaos socialur formebSi, davalebebsa da Se-

fasebis kriteriumebSi);

- gaaanalizos am sxvadasxva aqtivobis kombinaciebi amocanebSi,

romlebsac sTxoven TavianT moswavleebs;

- yuradReba dauTmon strategiis SemuSavebas, rac aucilebelia

uCveulo davalebebisaTvis.

21

am gadaRebul gverdze dayrdnobiT, frangulis, rogorc ucxo enis sax-

elmZRvanelos struqtura erTob damokidebulia enobriv progresze da da-

balansebul mecadineobaze sxvadasxva enobriv aqtivobaSi. am kursSi mocemuli

Temebi da Sesrulebuli komunikaciuri davalebebi cdiloben zrdasruli sa-

zogadoebis savaraudo moTxovnilebebi daakmayofilon am tipis swavlebisaTvis

mcire drois daTmobiT.

daskvna

Zalian saeWvoa, rom am aRweris wakiTxvam yvela mkiTxvels daamaxsovra

CEFR-is mier SemoTavazebuli terminologia da kategoriebi. isini kidev erTxel

iqneba gamoyenebuli aRweriT amonaridebSi sxva saxelmZRvaneloebidan Semdgom

TavebSi.

mniSvnelovania aRiniSnos,

rom saswavlo Sinaarsi mWidrod aris dakavSire-

buli konteqstTan (swavlebis mimRebTa maxasiaTe-

blebi da moTxovnilebebi, swavlis materialuri

konteqsti da a. S.) da SeiZleba aRwerili iyos

kursSi mocemuli interesebis dazustebiT (person-

aluri, sazogado, samsaxureobrivi, saganmanaTle-

blo), gare situaciebiT, romlebSic davalebebis

moTxovna xdeba, Sesabamisi TemebiT da gadacemuli

sociolingvisturi codniT;

rom CEFR-i ganarCevs individualur zogad kompe-

tencias da komunikaciur kompetencias da es

ukanaskneli iyofa enobriv, sociolingvistur da

pragmatul kompetenciebad;

rom enis aqtivobebi gansxvavdebian imisda mixedviT,

exebian Tu ara aRqmasa da warmoqmnas, da warmoqmnis

aqtivobebs, imis mixedviT, maT adgili aqvT in-

teraqtiulad Tu uwyvetad;

rom komunikaciuri davalebebis Sesruleba moiTxovs

strategiebs, romlebic imave meTodiT unda ganvi-

Tardnen, rogorc kompetenciebi.

konteqsti interesebi gare situaciebi Temebi

individualuri zogadi kompetenciebi komunikaciuri kompetenciebi: - lingvisturi - sociolingvisturi - pragmatuli

enobrivi aqtivobebi (weriTi da zepiri): - gageba - warmoqmna - Suamdgomloba

komunikaciuri davalebebis strategiebi

22

Tavi 2 !

rnfefcb{f!psjfoujsfcvmj!njehpnb!!Ubobnfespwf!fofcjt!txbwmbTj!

!

CEFR-i xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom es ar aris instruqcia. is rekomendacias

ar uwevs konkretuli lingvisturi skolis an Tanamedrove enebis swavlebis

specifikuri midgomis miRebas. Tumca yvelam viciT, rom analizuri badis an

terminologiis miReba ar aris neitraluri qmedeba. mas bunebrivad mivyavarT

swavlebisa da swavlis konkretul Sexedulebamde. CEFR-is mier Semotanili

gansxvaveba sxvadasxva enis aqtivobebs Soris (gageba da gamoxatva salaparako

da weriT konteqstebSi, Suamdgomloba) aucileblad warmoSobs aseTi gansxvave-

bis saWiroebas swavlaSi, treningsa da SefasebaSi.

1. ra aris sakomunikacio amocana?

am TavSi unda gamovikvlioT CEFR-is mier aRniSnuli swavlebis koncef-

ciis mniSvnelovani aspeqtebi, ramdenadac faqtobrivad mTeli evropis sabWo

muSaobs am sferoSi, kerZod àqtivobaze orientirebul midgomaze~ Tanamedrove

enebis swavlasa da swavlebaSi.

aqtivobaze orientirebuli midgoma enis momxmareblebs (da Semswav-

lelebs) `socialur agentebad~' gansazRvravs, anu sazogadoebis wevrebad, ro-

melTac aqvT davalebebi [....] mocemul pirobebSi, specifikur garemosa da mo-

qmedebis konkretul sferoSi (CEFR, gv. 9). àmocana ganmartebulia nebismier gamiznul qmedebad, romelic individis

mier aucilebladaa miCneuli, raTa miRweul iqnes mocemuli Sedegi gadasawy-

veti problemis konteqstSi, valdebuleba, romelic unda Sesruldes an mizani,

romelic unda iqnes miRweuli (CEFR, gv. 10). I TavSi moyvanili ideebis Tanmimdevruloba kvlav ZalaSia. CEFR-Si gaer-Tianebuli enis swavlebisa da swavlis Sexeduleba upiratesobas aniWebs amo-

canebs, romlebic moicaven erT an met enobriv aqtivobas, romlisTvisac mobi-

lizdebian socialuri agentebi, SeZenili strategiebis, maTi individualuri

zogadi kompetenciebis (garemos codna da sociolingvisturi codna, qcevebi da

misT.) da maTi sakomunikacio kompetenciebis mixedviT (lingvisturi, socioling-

visturi da pragmatuli).

mniSvnelovania gvaxsovdes, rom amocana arsebobs mxolod maSin, Tu

qmedeba motivirebulia mizniT an saWiroebiT, iqneba es personaluri, Tu swav-

lis situaciiT warmoqmnili _ Tu moswavle naTlad aRiqvams miRweul mizans da

Tu aseT qmedebas mivyavarT SesamCnev Sedegamde. Sexeduleba, ra Tqma unda,

dauyovnebliv icvleba pedagogikis proeqtisken, romelic, cxadia, yvelaze war-

matebuli aqtivobaze-orientirebuli midgomaa. miuxedavad amisa, sakomunikacio

amocanisTvis miniWebuli centraluri adgili exeba yvela pedagogiur qmedebas.

modiT, SevadaroT ori amonaweri (gadaRebuli qvemoT) espanuri saxel-

mZRvanelos imave Tavidan:

23

orive SemTxvevaSi saqme gvaqvs salaparako Setyobinebis miRebis aqtivo-

basTan. magram analogia aq mTavrdeba.

maSinve aRmoCndeba, rom meore amonawers ar aqvs sakomunikacio amocanis

maxasiaTeblebi. moswavleebis aqtivobas namdvilad iTxoven (sityvebis siis mi-

mateba), magram es mxolod formis sakiTxia. SeuZlebelia realuri cxovrebi-

seuli situaciis gamoyofa, romelic moswavleebSi bgeris amocnobis saWiroebas

Seqmnida, rac aRniSnuli iyo mosmenil frazebSi.

miuxedavad amisa, pirveli amonaridis SemTxvevaSi, SesaZloa amocanaze

laparaki, radganac amocana eyrdnoba mosmenili gamonaTqvamebis mniSvnelobas;

micemuli instruqcia aris kargad cnobili aqtivobis msgavsi, romelic stimuls

aZlevs moswavlis interesebs. msgavsad amisa, cxadia, Sedegs aqvs ufro meti

sakomunikacio mniSvneloba, vidre meore amonarids, radganac is Seicavs in-

struqciebis strofSi modificirebas.

es ar iqneboda siurprizi arc erTi Tanamedrove enis maswavleblisaTvis

da ukve gvaqvs mravalricxovani warmatebuli sakomunikacio amocanebis ma-

galiTi, romlebic xelmisawvdomia maswavleblebisaTvis. unda SemovifargloT

eqvsi magaliTiT dawyebuli dawyebiTi skolidan, saSualo skolis damTavre-

bamde.

2. amocanebis magaliTebi Tanamedrove enebis saxelmZRvaneloebSi

aq Cven uyoymanod Seg-

viZlia vilaparakoT amocanaze,

radgan Sedegi amocnobadia (saSo-

bao werili Tovlis babuasTan) da

situacia gansazRvrulia (mimRebi

aris nacnobi da werilis damweri

wers sakuTari saxeliT). moswav-

leebs sTavazoben daweron

namdvili werili, romelic

faqtobrivad Semdeg SeiZleba

gaigzavnos.

24

am asakis moswavleTa umravlesoba mocemul amocanas Tundac iumoriTa

da ganyenebuli SexedulebiT rom udgebodes, Tovlis babuasadmi gagzavnili

werili mainc kulturuli realobaa.

situacia sakmaod hgavs sinamdviles da satelefono saubari, romelic

unda Sedges, motivirebulia misi mniSvnelobiT. moswavleebma unda daadginon im

pirovnebis identoba, romelsac ukavSirdebian, darwmundnen, rom isini marTlac

dakarguli nivTis patrons elaparakebian da Tanxmdebian misi dabrunebis gzebsa

da saSualebebze.

am amocanis Sesruleba romc ar qmnides werilobiT produqcias, Sedegi

naTelia.

warwera suraTze: rolis gaTamaSeba: ikamaTeT Tqvens SemTxvevaze!

Tqven xarT amerikis saSualo skolis moswavle. Tqven gaqvT socialur mecniere-

baTa proeqti, romelSic unda gamoimuSaoT sul mcire 5 rCeva Zaladobis Semcire-

bisTvis an Tavidan asacileblad. msjelobT sakuTar ideebze Tqvens klaselTan, ro-

melsac proeqtze gansxvavebuli azri aqvs. orives gsurT iaraRiT Zaladobis aRk-

veTa, magram ver TanxmdebiT misi Semcirebis gzebze.

1. gadawyviteT, Tu romel rols iTamaSebT:

• Tqven xarT iaraRis momxre. Tqven xarT msrolelTa erovnuli asociaciis

(NRA) mxardamWeri;

• Tqven xarT iaraRis winaaRmdegi. gsurT iaraRze ufro meti kontrolis

daweseba;

2. moamzadeT Tqveni argumentebi:

• SearCieT ramdenime magaliTi, raTa aRweroT isini;

3. iTamaSeT Tqveni roli.

25

moswavleebs sTavazoben, monawileoba miiRon arsebul Temaze gamarTul

debatebSi. urTierTgacvlis Sedegi ucnobia da is damokidebuli iqneba Ti-

Toeuli moswavlis mier Sesrulebul davalebaze. rodesac rolebi gairCeva,

moswavleebs SeuZliaT daicvan piradi pozicia, an gaiTamaSon gamogonebuli

roli. yvela SemTxvevaSi maT unda gaiTvaliswinon meore pirovneba imisaTvis,

rom Seasrulon davaleba.

teqstSi informaciis

moZiebam unda migviyvanos

gansazRvrul Sedegamde,

romelic teqstSi arse-

bul mniSvnelobas moi-

cavs, romelic ikiTxeba

moswavlis yuradRebis

gamaxvilebiT Sesabamis

informaciaze.

aqac davaleba gamiznulia mosa-

lodnel Sedegze, werilobiTi teqstis

xelaxla agebaze qronologiis mixed-

viT. miuxedavad imisa, rom am savar-

jiSos mizani orientirebulia Txrobis

qronologiuri markerebis moTavsebaze

(pragmatuli gamoxatvis kompetencia),

moswavlis yuradReba mimarTuli iqneba

paragrafebis mniSvnelobaze.

moswavleTaTvis micemuli davaleba

naTlada Camoyalibebuli. maT unda

moifiqron anketis Sedgena kompi-

uteris gamoyenebiT. sruldeba ori

kriteriumi: mniSvnelobaze SeTanx-

meba da savaraudo. analizi

26

3. rogor SeiZleba gaanalizdes sakomunikacio davaleba?

aSkara da naTelia, rom zemoT moyvanil amocanebs ufro axlodan gan-

vixilavT - Cven ucvlelad saqme gvaqvs ramdenime mimarTulebis kombinaciasTan,

esenia: zogadi da sakomunikacio kompetenciebi, enis aRqmis an warmoqmnis

aqtivobebi, domenebi da Temebi, gamoyenebuli strategiebi da amocanebi. is, Tu

romeli mimarTuleba sWarbobs, damokidebulia SemTxvevaze, romelic moqmedebs

moTxovnaze, rom unda iyos davaleba Tavisi miznebiT da gamocnobadi SedegiT.

saSualo skolis damamTavrebeli klasebis inglisuris ori sax-

elmZRvanelodan qvemoT moyvanil nawyvetebSi naTelia, rom mniSvnelovania wer-

ilobiTi sityvis gagebis strategiis ganviTareba Going Places-is SemTxvevaSi da

laparakis gamoxatva komentarebis XL cxrilSi.

unda CamovayaliboT hipoTeza situaciisa da Cveni

warmodgenis safuZvelze.

teqsti naxatze: Sens SeniSvnebze . . .

1. - gamoiyene ori foto SenTvis sasurveli TanmimdevrobiT, Seqmeni gogos istoria.

2. - daakavSire istoria am nawyvetisa da wignis saTaurTan.

aq gadmotanili strategia Temis safuZvladaa aRe-

buli, imis mixedviT, rogorc mocemulia suraTSi;

Semdeg ki mxatvris ganzraxvis amocnoba.

XL, gv. 134

sxvadasxva mimarTulebas Soris balansi, romelic warmodgenilia or

nawyvetSi, SesaZloa aRiweros sqematuri formiT:

27

kombinaciam SesaZloa sxva mimarTulebebis sasargeblod imuSaos, magali-

Tad, qvemoT moyvanil or nawyvetSi lingvisturi kompetenciis sasargeblod _

Zalian gansxvavebul formebSi da Zalian gansxvavebuli miznebiT:

28

Semdeg or nawyvetSi SegviZlia vnaxoT, rom prioriteti mieniWa prag-

matul kompetencias: funqciuri kompetencia frangulis saxelmZRvanelosaTvis

da logikuri kompetencia italiuris saxelmZRvaneloSi.

29

bolo magaliTSi mizanSewonilia vifiqroT, rom upiratesoba mieniWa

ganxilvis Temebs.

aq saqme gvaqvs informaciis moZiebasTan cxrilis gamoyenebiTurT. Ziebis

Sedegi moswavleebs saSualebas unda aZlevdes, ganaviTaron aq moyvanili Temebi.

30

gansxvavebuli balansi sxvadasxva mimarTulebas Soris saSualebas

iZleva, gaviTvaliswinoT swavlebis miznebi da moswavleebis miswrafebebi. isini

akmayofileben moTxovnas, vcvaloT midgomebi da gavamravalferovnoT mecadi-

neobebi, Tumca safrTxes ar uqmnian amocanis arsebobas, rac swavlebis midgomis

niSania da akmayofilebs sakomunikacio swavlebis moTxovnas. davalebis meSveo-

biT moswavleebi efeqturad aqtiurni xdebian da samuSao maT TvalSi azrs

iZens. davaleba amaRlebs maTs pasuxismgeblobas swavlis procesisadmi.

Tumca, am mcireodeni magaliTebidanac vxedavT, rom davaleba SesaZloa

Tvisebrivad icvlebodes miRweuli miznebis balansis mixedviT. is SesaZloa

iyos mTlianad sakomunikacio amocana, an piriqiT, arsobrivad _ saswavlo da-

valeba.

ra SeiZleba iswavlon aqedan enis maswavleblebma?

maT SeuZliaT gaaanalizon saswavlo masala da procedurebi,

Tu hkiTxaven sakuTar Tavs, realurad Seesabameba Tu ara amoca-

nas is samuSao, romelic moswavleebs misces? agreTve SeuZliaT

sakuTar Tavs hkiTxon - moicaven Tu ara es davalebebi zemoT

moyvanil amocanebs da Tu unda mieces upiratesoba romelimes im

mimarTulebebidan, mxolod imisaTvis, rom gaiTvaliswinon

moswavlis moTxovnilebebi. maT, SesaZloa, sasurvelad CaTvalon

klasSi Sesrulebuli davalebebis ricxvi, gaamdidron sxva amo-

canebiT, romelTa naxvac SeuZliaT enis saxelmZRvaneloebSi,

iqneba im enis saxelmZRvanelo, romliTac isini aswavlian Tu

sxva enis saxelmZRvanelo.

amrigad, Cven ganvixileT davalebebi saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebSi. Tumca,

naTelia, rom maswavleblebs brwyinvaled SeuZliaT Seqmnan davalebebi maTTvis

xelmisawvdomi masalebidan.

qvemoT moyvanili nawyveti exeba enis aqtivobas raime konkretuli amo-

canis gareSe. cxadia, Tu ras unda movelodeT moswavlisagan: metyvelebiTi

produqcia karikaturis Sesaxeb warwerebis gagebisa da urTierTgacvlebis

(metyvelebiTi interaqtivis) safuZvelze imisaTvisaa, raTa SevadaroT Sexedule-

bebi Sesabamis Temaze. es xdeba damxmare saSualebebiT, rac Sedgeba leqsikonis-

gan, romelic saWiroa gamoTqmebisTvis.

am karikaturis pedagogiuri gamoyene-

bisTvis amocanis Sesaqmnelad SesaZlebeli

iqneboda dagvemala Asterix albomebis

Zalian cnobili parodiis Sesavali da

moswavleebisaTvis gveTxova, xelaxla aegoT

is am teqstis daxmarebiT ise, rogorc es

aris komiqsis espanur variantSi, romelic

gadmoRebulia maswavleblis wignSi.

Semdeg SesaZlebeli iqneboda, gamogvekvlia

miznebi, Tu ratom unda surdes karikatur-

ists, daxatos aseTi Sedarebebi romSi, uZ-

veles galiasa da espaneTSi myof germanel

turists Soris.

klasisa da moswavleebis unarebze da-

mokidebulebiT, Semdeg SesaZlebeli iqne-

boda moswavleebisaTvis eTxovaT gaekeTebi-

naT an aReweraT parodia am komiqsis sxva

pasaJidan, romelsac Tavad airCevdnen.

31

iseve, rogorc samuSaos in-

struqcia aucileblad ar

aCvenebs mizans srulad, misi

arqona ar abrkolebs amoca-

nebis Sesrulebas.

4. sakomunikacio davalebebis adgili pedagogiur TanmimdevrobaSi

ra Tqma unda, saxelmZRvaneloSi davalebebi ver iqneba gamoyofili maTi

Tanmxlebi garemosagan. amis gaTvaliswinebiT, modiT, gadavxedoT germanuli

enis pirveli wlis saxelmZRvanelos.

saxelmZRvanelos am TavSi (Tavi me-8,

saxelmZRvanelos 10 Tavidan) gvaqvs Semdegi

situacia: germaneli moqmedi piri maspin-

Zlobs frang megobars. qalaqis centrSi

seirnobisas megobrebi Sedian savaWro cen-

trSi. isini iyofian, magram Tanxmdebian,

rom Sexvdebian gasasvlelSi 3.30 sT-ze.

gadaRebuli suraTi uCvenebs, rom frangi

da germaneli kargaven erTmaneTs, frangma

moqmedma pirma (romelic, bunebrivia, la-

parakobs frangulad) ar icis, ra moimo-

qmedos. saxelmZRvanelos Semdeg gverdze

gamaxvilebulia germaneli moqmedi piris

damokidebuleba da reaqciebi, romelic

icdis centris meore gasasvlelTan meore

quCaze.

saxelmZRvanelos am gverdze SemoTavazebuli treningi eyrdnoba davale-

bebis Tanmimdevrobas, romelic Cven imave analizs unda davuqvemdebaroT, rac

zemoT moyvanil SemTxvevaSia.

32

es amocanaa? pasuxi mtkicebiTia ori mizezis gamo. laparakis moTxov-

nileba motivirebulia warmodgenili situaciiT. aucilebelia situacia

avuxsnaT gamvlelebs, romelTac SeniSnes, rom am bavSvebs aqvT problema. mosa-

lodneli Sedegi aris damuSavebuli da Tanmimdevruli ganacxadi.

gamoyenebuli enobrivi aqtivoba aris sametyvelo produqcia.

misaRwevi mizani, rogorc Cans, lingvisturi kompetenciis ganviTarebaa

(warsulis gamoTqma) da pragmatuli kompetencia (rTuli problemis aRwera

mozrdilisaTvis martivi winadadebebis gadabmiT da logikuri TanmimdevrobiT).

es savarjiSoa Tu davaleba? SesaZloa aq Tamamad davsvaT kiTxva. pri-

oriteti aSkarad mieniWeba enobriv kompetencias: ganacxadis Seqmna, romelic

Seicavs damokidebul winadadebebs kavSiriT `dass~ (sie sagt, dass =is ambobs rom....), romelic moiTxovs zmnis uRlebis elements boloSi darTvas, rac germanuli

sintaqsis umniSvnelovanesi sferoa. es Sinaarsi SesaZloa Zalian daexmaros

savarjiSos keTebaSi. Tumca, aris sasargeblo situacia da enobrivi forma, ro-

melic sakmaod Seesabameba gamoxatvis situaciebs. mosalodneli Sedegi

SesaZloa iyos amocnobadi: winadadebebis Tanmimdevroba, rac logikur mTli-

anobas qmnis am situaciasTan dakavSirebiT. davalebis aucilebeli kriteriumi

aSkarad warmodgenilia.

enobrivi aqtivobebi smeniTi aRqma da metyvelebis warmoebaa; naklebad _

Suamdgomloba.

33

aq davaleba motivirebulia situa-

ciis moTxovnilebebidan gamomdinare:

maRaziaSi germaneli maspinZlis moZebnis

strategiaze SeTanxmeba, kerZod, maTi yid-

vis interesebidan gamomdinare informaciis

safuZvelze.

Sedegi aseve naTladaa dadgenili:

adgilis gamocnoba, sadac SeiZleba isini

iyvnen.

enobrivi kompetencia warmodgenilia

adgilis amsaxveli erTeulebis swavlebis

formiT, magram prioriteti pragmatul

kompetencias (swavleba ganmeorebadi mod-

eliT) da sociolingvistur codnas

(savaWro centris ZiriTadi ganyofilebebis

organizaciisa da saxelis codna sax-

elmZRvaneloSi moyvanili ilustraciebis

gamoyenebiT) eniWeba.

Sesabamisi enobrivi aqtivoba aq aris vizualuri aRqma da metyvelebiTi

interaqcia.

34

aqedan gamomdinare, saxelmZRvanelos es gverdi eyrdnoba sxvadasxva

amocanas, kompetenciebisa da aqtivobebis kombinaciebis saxesxvaobebis gamoyene-

biT. aqtivobis blokis fragmentaciis Tavidan asacileblad, enobrivi aqtivobebi

(aRqma da warmoqmna) realobasTan axlos mdgomi amocanebis saxiT tardeba, ro-

melTa Tanmimdevroba gansazRvrulia ufro farTo gagebiT; kerZod, im situa-

ciis garCeviT, romelic SesaZloa moswavlis momavali gamocdilebis nawili

gaxdes. faqtobrivi treningis savarjiSoebi gagebisa da warmoqmnis aqtivobebSi

ar iqmneba saxelmZRvanelos avtoris mier, arc moswavleebis mieraa aRqmuli

srulad, aramed es aris problemis gadaWris mcdeloba, romelic SesaZloa

moswavlis realur cxovrebiseul gamocdilebaSi warmoiSvas. SesaZloa erT da-

valebaze vimsjeloT Sesrulebuli mTeli rigi mikrodavalebebis meSveobiT.

am gverdze warmodgenili gakveTilis Catareba SesaZloa davasaTauroT,

rogorc `xelmZRvaneloba davalebiT~.

miuxedavad amisa, es ar xdeba sakomunikacio kompetenciebis (enobrivi, so-

ciolingvisturi, pragmatuli) xarjze, radganac rogorc Cven vnaxeT, isini ga-

moyenebulia davalebebis Sesasruleblad da radganac es saxelmZRvanelo

Zalian skurpulozulia, Tavebis mixedviT gramatikuli progresirebis Tval-

sazrisiTac iqneba gamoyenebuli.

imisaTvis, rom davadginoT, Tu ra etaps mivaRwieT, es gverdi Sedarebuli

iqneba germanulis sxva saxelmZRvanelosTan imave klasisTvis, daTariRebuli

1981 wlidan da aRebuli erTad, rasac sruliad sxvadasxvagvarad ganixilaven.

35

gadaRebuli nawyveti warmoadgens or moqmed pirs cocxal da iumoris-

tul dialogSi, romelic dawerilia avtoris mier warmosadgenad da meore

gverdze gramatikuli axsnebiT (zmnis jgufis nauRlebi formis adgili) moce-

muli Temis moswavleebis mier gamoyenebis saSualebas iZleva. is moicavs so-

ciolingvistur codnasac (Cais oTaxebi germaniaSi).

am ori gverdis kiTxva, germanuli saxelmZRvanelos gavlis Semdeg, ga-

moaaSkaravebs samuSao instruqciebis ararsebobas dialogebTan dakavSirebiT. es

institutebi nebismier SemTxvevaSi zedmeti iyo, radgan gakveTilis `normaluri~

Catareba Sedgeba fiqsirebuli etapebisagan, kerZod, dialogis mosmenisa da misi

Sinaarsis gadmocemisagan maswavleblis xelmZRvanelobiT, romelic moswavlis

mier moqmedi pirebis qcevis komentirebas miesalmeba. dialogis konkretulma

warmatebam moswavleebi unda miiyvanos mdidar da gasarTob urTierTgacvle-

bamde '`tante evasTan~ mimarTebaSi, romelic ise iqceva, TiTqos nerviulobdes

misi figurisa da Cais oTaxSi morTmeuli yinulis xarisxis Sesaxeb da romelic

misi Tanamosaubris mier Tavazianad da dadasturebiT ukveTavs namcxvars, aseve

nayinsac. enis gamoyeneba xdeba bunebrivad. es ormagi gverdi brwyinvaled Seesa-

bameba im dros gamoyenebul meTodologias.

SegviZlia Cven visaubroT sakomunikacio davalebaze?

es saxelmZRvanelo efeqturad akmayofilebs sakomunikacio sagnis gamo-

yenebis moTxovnilebas or situaciaSi: is, rom maswavlebeli marTavs realuri

komunikaciis Seqmnas jgufSi am dokumentTan dakavSirebiT da rom is moelis

Sedegs, magaliTad _ dafaze daweriT. miuxedavad amisa, Tundac am SemTxvevaSi,

amocana darCeba isev Zalian xelovnuri, radgan TvalsaCino Sedegi (dafaze daw-

erili) ar iqneba realurad am davalebis Sesrulebis mizezi, aramed is

umeteswilad xels Seuwyobs urTierTgacvlebs.

miuxedavad amisa, maleve xdeba naTeli, rom es ori nawyveti uCvenebs mra-

val gansxvavebas. Cven ukve gavamaxvileT yuradReba, rom davalebebi formu-

lirebulia radikalurad gansxvavebuli meTodiT: gamoxatvis situaciebSi enis

gamoyenebis simulireba ucxo qveyanaSi sxvadasxva TanamosaubresTan da cvale-

badi salaparako miznebiT Aufwind -Si da `pedagogiuri davaleba~ meore

SemTxvevaSi lingvisturi da sociolingvisturi kompetenciebis erTi gamoxatvis

situaciuri SemofargvliT.

meore mniSvnelovani gansxvaveba exeba enobriv aqtivobebs, romlebic

tardeba:

- specifikuri treningebiT sxvadasxva enobrivi aqtivobebiT Aufwind-Si; - smeniTi, vizualuri aRqmisa da salaparako interaqtivis SeerTebiT

Hallo Freunde-Si. aq Cven gvaqvs is, rac udavod warmoadgens CEFR-is mier enis swavlebaSi

Setanil wvlils: mas aqcenti gadaaqvs davalebis Sesrulebasa da erT an met

enobriv aqtivobas Soris kombinaciaze; is aRniSnavs situaciebis namdvilobis

mniSvnelobas moswavleebis sakomunikacio moTxovnilebebTan dakavSirebiT.

36

Tavi 3

{phbej!Tfgbtfcjt!epoffcjt!tlbmb!!

!1. zogadi Sefasebis doneebis miReba oficialur teqstebSi

CEFR-is swrafi warmateba rogorc evropaSi, aseve safrangeTSi,

gamowveulia ZiriTadad misi enobrivi kompetenciis doneebis skalis

SemoTavazebiT, romelic saerToa yvela enisTvis, institutebisa da evropuli

qveynebisaTvis.

rogorc Cven ukve vnaxeT, CEFR-is mizani aris evropaSi Tanamedrove ene-

bis sferoSi gamWvirvalobis mxardaWera. aqedan gamomdinare, gasakviri ar iqneba,

rom doneebis skala Senobis qvakuTxedad miviCnioT.

skala Sedgeba sami nawilisagan:

- ZiriTadi: A done

- damoukidebeli: B done - kvalificiuri: C done TiToeuli nawili, Tavis mxriv, gayofilia or doned, I da II done. aqedan gamomdinare, ukve SegviZlia visaubroT 6-donian skalaze.

ZiriTadi

momxmarebeli

damoukidebeli

momxmarebeli

kvalificiuri

momxmarebeli

A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2

A1 SeuZlia advilad gaigos virtualurad yvelaferi mosmenili an wakiTxuli. SeuZlia Sea-

jamos sxvadasxva zepiri informacia da werilobiTi wyaroebidan, moiyvanos argumentebi da

axsnas logikuri saxiT. SeuZlia sakuTari Tavi spontanurad gamoavlinos, Zalian Tavisu-

flad da garkveviT gamoarCios azri, Tundac ufro rTul situaciebSi.

ZiriTadi

momxmarebeli

A2 SeuZlia gaigos farTo speqtris rTuli, ufro grZeli teqstebi da gamoicnos zusti

mniSvneloba. SeuZlia sakuTari Tavi gamoavlinos Tavisuflad da spontanurad gamoTqmebis

Ria da aSkara Ziebis gareSe. SeuZlia ena gamoiyenos moqnilad da efeqturad socialuri,

akademiuri da profesiuli miznebisTvis. SeuZlia Seqmnas naTeli, kargad awyobili, deta-

luri teqsti rTul sagnebze, organizaciuli formebis, kavSirebisa da urTierTdakavSire-

buli meqanizmebi.

B1 SeuZlia gaigos rTuli teqstebis ZiriTadi azrebi rogorc konkretul, aseve abstraqtul

Temebze, misi specializaciis teqnikuri saubrebis CaTvliT. SeuZlia urTierToba Tavisu-

flebisa da spontanurobis sakmaod maRali xarisxiT, rac SesaZleblobas iZleva urTier-

Toba daamyaros mkvidr molaparakesTan daZabvis gareSe. SeuZlia mkafio da detaluri

teqstis Seqmna sagnebis farTo CamonaTvalze da Tematur sakiTxze Sexedulebis axsna,

sxvadasxva versiebis upiratesobebisa da naklovanebebis CvenebiT.

damoukidebeli

momxmarebeli

B2 SeuZlia gaigos standartuli informaciis ZiriTadi sakiTxebi nacnob sakiTxebze, romleb-

sac regularulad xvdeba samsaxurSi, skolaSi, dasvenebisas da misT. situaciaTa umravle-

sobaSi; situaciebSi, romlebic im adgilebSi mogzaurobisas warmoiSoba, sadac am enaze

laparakoben, SeuZlia Tavis garTmeva. SeuZlia Seqmnas martivi urTierTdakavSirebuli

teqstebi nacnob an piradi interesebis Temebze. SeuZlia aRweros gamocdileba da movle-

nebi, sizmrebi, imedebi da miswrafebebi da mokled axsnas Tavisi Sexedulebebisa da gegme-

bis mizezebi da gegmebi.

C1 SeuZlia gaigos winadadebebi da xSirad gamoyenebuli gamonaTqvamebi, romlebic dakavSire-

bulia uSualo kavSirebTan (anu yvelaze ZiriTadi piradi da ojaxuri informacia, say-

idlebi, adgilobrivi geografia, dasaqmeba). SeuZlia komunikacia martiv da rutinul amo-

canebSi, romlebic moiTxoven nacnob da rutinul sakiTxebze informaciis martiv d pir-

dapir gacvlas. martivi terminebiT SeuZlia aRweros misi warmoSobis, uSualo garemos

aspeqtebi da piradi moTxovnilebebis sferoebi.

kvalificiuri

momxmarebeli

C2 SeuZlia gaigos da gamoiyenos nacnobi yoveldRiuri gamoTqmebi da Zalian zogadi frazebi,

romlebic gamiznulia konkretuli tipis moTxovnilebebis dasakmayofileblad. SeuZlia

sakuTari Tavisa da sxvebis wardgena da SeuZlia dasvas kiTxvebi da upasuxos personalur

detalebze, rogoricaa: sad cxovrobs, vis icnobs da ra nivTebi aqvs mas. SeuZlia martivad

saubari im pirobiT, rom meore piri ilaparakebs nela da garkveviT da mzadaa dasaxmare-

blad.

zogadi Sefasebis doneebi: globaluri skala (CEFR, gv. 24)

37

am skalis mniSvneloba nebismieri enis maswavleblisaTvis xdeba naTeli

oficialuri teqstebis Seswavlis Semdeg, romelsac mimarTaven evropis

sxvadasxva qveyanaSi. magaliTad, safrangeTSi am Sefasebebs vxvdebiT yvelgan,

ise, rogorc es naCvenebia qvemoT enis swavlebis miznebsa da enis codnis

moTxovnilebebSi.

a) 2002 wlidan, Tanamedrove enis silabusebi adgenen swavlebis miznebs,

CEFR-is skalis mixedviT:

es cxrili damtkicebulia 2005 wlis 22 agvistos brZanebulebiT skolebSi

Tanamedrove enebis swavlebaze. I statia ganmartavs pasuxismgeblobebs:

`moswavleebis mosalodneli gawafuloba skolebSi, kolejebsa da lice-

umebSi, romlebic eqvemdebarebian sajaro da kerZo ganaTlebis sistemebs,

fiqsirebulia kvlificiurobis donis Sefasebis sistemis mixedviT am brZanebis

danarTSi Semdegnairad:

a) dawyebiTi swavlis bolos, A1 done Seswavlili Tanamedrove enebisT-

vis;

savaldebulo skolis bolos, B1 done pirveli Seswavlili Tanamedrove

enisTvis da A2 done meore Seswavlili Tanamedrove enisTvis;

saSualo skolis bolos B2 done pirveli Seswavlili Tanamedrove enisT-

vis da B1 done meore Seswavlili Tanamedrove enisTvis.

Tanamedrove enebis silabusebi da swavlebis meTodebi gansazRvrulia am

obieqtebTan SesabamisobaSi. (Journal Officiel No 197 of 25 August 2005). b) winaswari proeqtis Sesrulebis maCveneblebi `saskolo ganaTlebisTvis~

- organuli kanoni finansuri kanonebis mixedviT - romlebic gansazRvraven sax-

elmwifo ganaTlebis sistemisTvis gankuTvnil saxelmwifo asambleisa da

senatis mier - moicavs Semdegs: - maCvenebeli #11, obieqti 1, programa 2: moswav-

leTa proporciuloba, romlebmac miaRwies kolejis damTavrebisas Sefasebis

evropuli sqemis B1 dones ucxo enaSi; g) teqstebi, romlebic gamoxataven kvalificiurobis dones, rac moeTxove-

baT aralingvist maswavleblebs dawyebiT skolaSi Tanamedrove enis saswav-

leblad, agreTve ganekuTvneba CEFR-s: ganakveTis kvalifikacia, romelic pasuxismgebelia Tanamedrove enebis

swavlebaze dawyebiT skolaSi: `kandidatebis mosalodneli done savaraudo

kvalifikaciisaTvis aris enebis saerTo evropuli Sefasebis sqemis B2 doneze laparakis gagebisaTvis da B1 doneze laparakiT gamoxatvisaTvis~ (2001 wlis 29

oqtombris cirkulari).

38

ucxo enaSi Tanamedrove zepiri testi aris skolebSi maswavlebelTa ay-

vanisaTvis gamarTuli konkursi: `mTeli testi Sedgenilia enebis saerTo evro-

puli Sefasebis sqemis B2 doneze sworebiT, rac Seesabameba damoukidebel momx-

marebels~ (danarTi 1, 2005 wlis 10 oqtombris brZaneba).

amis gamo, maTze dakisrebuli pasuxismgeblobis mosaxsnelad, yvela enis

maswavleblisaTvis mniSvnelovania zustad icodes, Tu ras niSnavs es doneebi.

yuradReba gamaxvilebuli unda iyos skalis mniSvnelovan aspeqtebze.

2. Sefasebis doneebi, enobrivi aRqma da sawarmoo moRvaweoba

swavlebisa da SefasebisaTvis mniSvnelovania imis gageba, rom CEFR-Si warmodgenili eqvs doned dayofa arasakmarisia. saerTo dones (magaliTad A2 an B1) naklebi azri aqvs.

moswavlis kompetenciis dones SesaZlebelia davakvirdeT mxolod eno-

brivi aqtivobebis fonze, da aqedan Sefasebis am eqvsi donis aRweris

mniSvnelobac cal-calke TiToeuli tipis enis aqtivobisTvis.

yvela enis maswavlebelma icis, rom moswavleebi Tanabrad warmatebulni

ar arian gagebasa Tu gamoxatvaSi, iqneba es weriTi Tu zepiri. Cven yvelam viciT

moswavleebi, romlebsac SeuZliaT martivad gadmoscen werilobiT moTxrobili

teqstis mniSvnelovani elementebi ucxo enaze, Tumca es ar niSnavs, rom maT

aucileblad SeuZliaT ambis gadmocema zepirad an sakuTari azris gamoxatva am

Temaze.

swored, amis gamo, CEFR yofs doneebis skalas sxvadasxva enobrivi

aqtivobis mixedviT: mosmena - kiTxva - wera - metyvelebiTi interaqtivi - zepiri

warmoTqma. aqedan gamomdinare, Cven viRebT TviTSefasebis bades, romelic qve-

moTaa mocemuli. am badis TiToeul blokSi CEFR warmoadgens gansazRvrebas, romelic gansxvavdeba sxva blokebis Sinaarsisgan vertikaluri RerZis gaswvriv

gamoyenebuli enis aqtivobis tipis mixedviT da horizontaluri RerZis gaswvriv

_ SeZenili kompetenciis doniT.

A2 done

SemiZlia Zalian mokle, martivi

teqstebis kiTxva. SemiZlia speci-

fikuri, savaraudo informaciis

mopoveba rogoricaa reklamebi,

prospeqtebi, meniuebi da ganrigebi

da SemiZlia martivi personaluri

werilebis gageba.

zepiri interaqtivi

me SemiZlia urTierToba

martivad im pirobiT, rom

meore piri mzad aris

naTqvami gaimeoros an misi

perefrazirebisTvis la-

parakis ufro nel tempiT

damexmaros oTxi wuTi

imis saTqmelad, ris Tqma-

sac vapireb. SemiZlia mar-

tivi kiTxvebis dasma da

pasuxis gacema uSualo

moTxovnilebebis

sferoebSi an Zalian nac-

nob Temebze.

SemiZlia urTierToba martiv da

rutinul amocanebze, romlebic

moiTxoven informaciis martiv da

uSualo gacvlas gavrcelebul

Temebze da aqtivobebze. SemiZlia

Tavi gavarTva Zalian martiv so-

cialur gacvlebs, miuxedavad

imisa, rom yovelTvis ar SemiZlia

sakmarisad gavigo imisTvis, rom

saubari ganvagrZo.

SemiZlia Tavi gavarTva

situaciaTa umravlesobas,

romlebic warmoiSveba im

teritoriebze mog-

zaurobisas, sadac am enas

laparakoben. SemiZlia

moumzadeblad Sevide

saubarSi Temebze, romle-

bic nacnobia, piradi in-

teresebis an yoveldRiuri

cxovrebisTvis Sesabamisi

(anu ojaxi, hobi,

samsaxuri, mogzauroba da

mimdinare movlenebi).

SemiZlia gamoviyeno rigi fraze-

bisa da winadadebebisa, raTa mar-

tivi terminebiT aRvwero Cemi

ojaxi da sxva xalxi, sacxovre-

beli pirobebi, Cemi ganaTlebis

safuZveli da Cemi axlandeli an

yvelaze bolo samsaxuri.

39

amis gamo, moswavlis kompetenciis done SesaZlebelia dadgindes cal-

calke TiToeul aqtivobaSi misi unaris mixedviT.

magaliTad, erTi da igive pirovneba sakmaod kanonierad da bunebrivad

SeiZleba Sefasdes A2 doneze vizualur aRqmaSi da A1 doneze _ weriT ga-

moxatvaSi erTsa da imave enaSi. konkretul situaciebSi, romlebic dakavSire-

bulia enis TvisebebTan an specifikur moTxovnilebebTan am enis gamoyenebasTan

dakavSirebiT, pirovneba SeiZleba iyos nawilobriv kompetenturi mocemul enaSi.

magaliTad, mezobel enebSi (romauli da tevtonuri enebi). zogjer SeiZleba ise

moxdes, rom moswavleebs, romlebmac ena iswavles erTi enobrivi ojaxisadmi

mikuTvnebiT, maT kompetencias umateben imave ojaxis meore enaSi vizualuri

aRqmis martivi SeswavliT. swavlis sxvadasxva tipebis, piradi saqmianobebis Tu

samsaxurebis moTxovnilebebis dasakmayofileblad moswavleebma an studentebma

SesaZlebelia gadawyviton, koncentracia moaxdinon erT enobriv aqtivobaze,

vidre meoreze da, amgvarad, gamoavlinon sakmao disbalansi aRqmis Tu war-

moqmnis miRweul doneebs Soris, iqneba es zepiri Tu weriTi.

sxvadasxva enobriv aqtivobaSi kompetenciis doneebs Soris disbalansi

bunebrivad unda miviRoT. es asimetria ar aris dabrkoleba, aramed SesaZlebe-

lia swavlis biZgad iqces. swavlebis Tanmimdevrobebi metad mravalricxovania,

kerZod, lingvistur kvalificiurobaSi gansxvavebebi imas Soris, Tu ra aris

aucilebeli gagebisTvis da ra aris aucilebeli gamoxatvisTvis.

TviTSefasebis badis wyalobiT xuT sxvadasxva sakomunikacio aqtivobaSi

amJamad enis maswavleblebs aqvT arsebuli realobis zustad Caweris saSualeba.

erTi da imave moswavlis mier miRebuli Sedegebis disbalansi, romelic xan-

daxan arasworad iTargmneba, rogorc marcxi, naklebad aris intuiciis sagani.

is axla gamoxatuli unda iyos sarwmunod da pozitiurad.

A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2

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ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÉÌ ÍÀÝÍÏÁÉ ÓÉÔÚÅÄÁÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÌÀÒÔÉÅÉ ×ÒÀÆÄÁÉÓ ÂÀÂÄÁÀ, ÒÀÝ ÌÄ, ÜÄÌÓ ÏãÀáÓ ÃÀ ÜÄÌÓ ÀáËÏ ÂÀÒÄÌÏÝÅÀÓ ÄáÄÁÀ, ÒÏÝÀ ÀÃÀÌÉÀÍÄÁÉ ËÀÐÀÒÀÊÏÁÄÍ ÍÄËÀ ÃÀ ÌÊÀ×ÉÏÃ.

ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÝÀËÊÄÖËÉ ×ÒÀ-ÆÄÁÉÓÀ ÃÀ áÛÉÒÀÃ áÌÀÒÄÁÄËÉ ÓÉÔÚÅÄÁÉÓ ÂÀÂÄÁÀ ÉÌ ÂÀÌÏÍÀÈ-ØÅÀÌÄÁÛÉ, ÒÏÌËÄÁÉÝ ÜÄÌÈÅÉÓ ÓÀÉÍÔÄÒÄÓÏ ÈÄÌÄÁÓ ÄáÄÁÀ (ÌÀÂ. ÞÉÒÉÈÀÃÉ ÉÍ×ÏÒÌÀÝÉÀ ÓÀ-ÊÖÈÀÒÉ ÈÀÅÉÓ, ÏãÀáÉÓ, ÓÀÝáÏÅ-ÒÄÁÄËÉ ÀÃÂÉËÉÓ, ÓÀÌÖÛÀÏÓ ÛÄ-ÓÀáÄÁ). ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÉÌÉÓ ÂÀÂÄÁÀ, ÈÖ ÒÀÆÄÀ ÓÀÖÁÀÒÉ ÌÏÊËÄ ÌÀÒ-ÔÉÅ, ÌÊÀ×ÉÏÃ ÍÀÈØÅÀÌ ÛÄÔÚÏÁÉ-ÍÄÁÄÁÓÀ ÃÀ ÂÀÍÝáÀÃÄÁÄÁÛÉ.

ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÂÀÅÉÂÏ ÍÀÈÄ-ËÉ, ÓÔÀÍÃÀÒÔÖËÉ ÌÄÔÚÅÄ-ËÄÁÉÓ ÌÈÀÅÀÒÉ ÀÆÒÉ, ÒÏ-ÌÄËÉÝ ÒÄÂÖËÀÒÖËÀÃ ÌÄÓ-ÌÉÓ ÓÀÌÓÀáÖÒÛÉ, ÓÊÏËÀÛÉ, ÃÀÓÅÄÍÄÁÉÓ ÐÄÒÉÏÃÛÉ ÃÀ À.Û. ÀÓÄÅÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÒÀÃÉÏ ÃÀ ÔÄËÄ ÐÒÏÂÒÀÌÄÁÛÉ ÜÄÌÓ ÐÉÒÀÃ ÃÀ ÐÒÏ×ÄÓÉÖË ÉÍÔÄ-ÒÄÓÄÁÈÀÍ ÃÀÊÀÅÛÉÒÄÁÖËÉ ÈÖ ÌÉÌÃÉÍÀÒÄ ÓÀÊÉÈáÄÁÉÓ ÌÈÀÅÀÒÉ ÀÆÒÉÓ ÂÀÂÄÁÀ, ÒÏ-ÃÄÓÀÝ ÂÀÃÀÝÄÌÀ ÌÉÌÃÉÍÀ-ÒÄÏÁÓ ÛÄÃÀÒÄÁÉÈ ÍÄËÀ ÃÀ ÌÊÀ×ÉÏÃ.

ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÂÀÅÉÂÏ ÅÒÝÄËÉ ÌÏáÓÄÍÄÁÀ ÈÖ ËÄØÝÉÀ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ÛÄÉÝÀÅÓ ÒÈÖË ÀÒÂÖÌÄÍÔÄÁÓ, ÈÖÊÉ ÀÌ ÂÀ-ÌÏÓÅËÀÈÀ ÈÄÌÀÔÉÊÀ ÜÄÌ-ÈÅÉÓ ÌÄÔ-ÍÀÊËÄÁÀÃ ÝÍÏÁÉ-ËÉÀ. ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÂÀÅÉÂÏ ÚÅÄËÀ ÒÄÐÏÒÔÀÑÉ ÃÀ ÀáÀËÉ ÀÌÁÄÁÉ ÌÉÌÃÉÍÀÒÄ ÌÏÅËÄ-ÍÄÁÈÀÍ ÃÀÊÀÅÛÉÒÄÁÉÈ. ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÂÀÅÉÂÏ ×ÉËÌÄÁÉÓ ÛÉÍÀÀÒÓÉ, ÈÖ ÌÀÈÉ ÂÌÉÒÄÁÉ ÓÀËÉÔÄÒÀÔÖÒÏ ÄÍÉÈ ÌÄÔ-ÚÅÄËÄÁÄÍ.

ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÂÀÅÉÂÏ ÅÒÝÄËÉ ÌÏáÓÄÍÄÁÀ ÉÌ ÛÄÌÈáÅÄÅÀÛÉÝ ÊÉ, ÈÖ ÌÀÓ ÀÒ ÂÀÀÜÍÉÀ ÌÊÀ×ÉÏÃ ÂÀ-ÌÏáÀÔÖËÉ ËÏÂÉÊÖÒÉ ÓÔÒÖØ-ÔÖÒÀ ÃÀ ÀÆÒÏÁÒÉÅÉ ÊÀÅÛÉÒÉ. ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÓÀÔÄËÄÅÉÆÉÏ ÐÒÏÂ-ÒÀÌÄÁÉÓÀ ÃÀ ×ÉËÌÄÁÉÓ ÈÉÈØÌÉÓ ÈÀÅÉÓÖ×ËÀÃ ÂÀÂÄÁÀ.

ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÈÀÅÉÓÖ×ËÀÃ ÂÀÅÉÂÏ ÍÄÁÉÓÌÉÄÒÉ ÆÄÐÉÒÉ ÌÄÔÚÅÄËÄÁÀ, ÝÏÝáÀËÉ ÈÖ ÜÀßÄÒÉËÉ. ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÈÀ-ÅÉÓÖ×ËÀÃ ÂÀÅÉÂÏ ÓßÒÀ×ÀÃ ÌÏËÀÐÀÒÀÊÄ ÄÍÉÓ ÌÀÔÀÒÄÁ-ËÉÓ ÌÄÔÚÅÄËÄÁÀ, ÈÖ ÌÀØÅÓ ÃÒÏ ÌÉÅÄÜÅÉÏ ÌÉÓÉ ÂÀÌÏÈ-ØÌÉÓ ÉÍÃÉÅÉÃÖÀËÖÒ ÈÀÅÉ-ÓÄÁÖÒÄÁÄÁÓ.

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ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÂÀÍÝáÀ-ÃÄÁÄÁÛÉ, ÐËÀÊÀÔÄÁÛÉ ÀÍ ÊÀÔÀËÏÂÄÁÛÉ ÍÀÝÍÏÁÉ ÓÀáÄËÄÁÉÓ, ÓÉÔÚÅÄÁÉÓ ÃÀ ÞÀËÉÀÍ ÌÀÒÔÉÅÉ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄ-ÁÄÁÉÓ ÂÀÂÄÁÀ.

ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÞÀËÉÀÍ ÌÏÊËÄ ÔÄØÓÔÄÁÉÓ ÂÀÂÄÁÀ. ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÚÏÅÄËÃÙÉÖÒÉ ÖÒÈÉÄÒÈÏÁÉÓÀÓ ÌÀÒÔÉÅÉ, ÊÏÍÊÒÄÔÖËÉ, ÀÃÅÉ-ËÀÃ ÌÉÓÀáÅÄÃÒÉ ÉÍ×ÏÒÌÀÝÉÉÓ ÐÏÅÍÀ: ÒÄÊËÀÌÀÛÉ, ÌÄÍÉÖÛÉ, ÂÀÍÒÉÂÄÁÛÉ. ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÊÄÒÞÏ áÀÓÉÀÈÉÓ ßÄÒÉËÄÁÉÓ ÂÀÂÄÁÀ.

ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÚÏÅÄËÃÙÉÖÒÉ ÃÀ ÐÒÏ×ÄÓÉÖËÉ ÖÒÈÉÄÒ-ÈÏÁÄÁÉÓ ÔÄØÓÔÉÓ ÂÀÂÄÁÀ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ÊÄÒÞÏ ÄÍÏÁÒÉÅ ÌÀÓÀËÀÆÄÀ ÀÂÄÁÖËÉ. ÌÄ ÛÄ-ÌÉÞËÉÀ ÊÄÒÞÏ áÀÓÉÀÈÉÓ ßÄÒÉËÄÁÛÉ ÀÙßÄÒÉËÉ ÌÏÅËÄÍÄÁÉÓ, ÂÒÞÍÏÁÄÁÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÓÖÒÅÉËÄÁÉÓ ÂÀÂÄÁÀ.

ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÉÌ ÓÔÀÔÉÄÁÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÌÏáÓÄÍÄÁÄÁÉÓ ÂÀÂÄÁÀ, ÒÏÌËÄÁÉÝ ÄáÄÁÀ ÈÀÍÀ-ÌÄÃÒÏÅÄ ÐÒÏÁËÄÌÄÁÓ ÃÀ ÒÏÌÄËÈÀ ÀÅÔÏÒÄÁÉÝ ÂÀ-ÌÏÈØÅÀÌÄÍ ÂÀÍÓÀÊÖÈÒÄÁÖË ÀÆÒÓ ÀÍ ÖÊÀÅÉÀÈ ÂÀÍÓÀ-ÊÖÈÒÄÁÖËÉ ÐÏÆÉÝÉÀ. ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÈÀÍÀÌÄÃÒÏÅÄ ÌáÀÔÅÒÖËÉ ËÉÔÄÒÀÔÖÒÉÓ ÂÀÂÄÁÀ.

ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÃÉÃÉ ÌÏÝÖËÏÁÉÓ ÒÈÖËÉ ÀÒÀÌáÀÔÅÒÖËÉ ÃÀ ÌáÀÔ-ÅÒÖËÉ ÔÄØÓÔÄÁÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÌÀÈÉ ÓÔÉ-ËÉÓÔÖÒÉ ÈÀÅÉÓÄÁÖÒÄÁÄÁÉÓ ÂÀ-ÂÄÁÀ. ÜÄÌÈÅÉÓ ÂÀÓÀÂÄÁÉÀ ÃÉÃÉ ÌÏÝÖËÏÁÉÓ ÓÐÄÝÉÀËÖÒÉ ÓÔÀÔÉÄÁÉ ÃÀ ÔÄØÍÉÊÖÒÉ ÉÍÓÔÒÖØÝÉÄÁÉ, ÉÌÉÓ ÌÉÖáÄÃÀÅÀÃ, ÄáÄÁÀ ÉÓÉÍÉ ÜÄÌÉ ÓÀØÌÉÀÍÏÁÉÓ Ó×ÄÒÏÓ ÈÖ ÀÒÀ.

ÌÄ ÈÀÅÉÓÖ×ËÀÃ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÚÅÄËÀ ÔÉÐÉÓ ÔÄØÓÔÉÓ ÂÀ-ÂÄÁÀ ÀÁÓÔÒÀØÔÖËÉ áÀÓÉÀ-ÈÉÓ ÔÄØÓÔÄÁÉÓ ÜÀÈÅËÉÈ, ÊÏÌÐÏÆÉÝÉÖÒÉ ÀÍ ÄÍÏÁÒÉÅÉ ÈÅÀËÓÀÆÒÉÓÉÈ ÒÈÖËÉ ÔÄØÓÔÄÁÉÓÀÝ, ÒÏÂÏÒÉÝÀÀ ÉÍÓÔÒÖØÝÉÄÁÉ, ÓÐÄÝÉÀËÖÒÉ ÓÔÀÔÉÄÁÉ ÃÀ ÌáÀÔÅÒÖË ÍÀ-ßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄÁÉ.

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ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÌÀÒÔÉÅÉ ÃÉÀËÏÂÉ ÐÉÒÏÅÍÄ-ÁÀÓÈÀÍ ÈÖ ÉÓ ÜÄÌÉ ÈáÏÅÍÉÈ ÂÀÉÌÄÏÒÄÁÓ ÈÀÅÉÓ ÍÀÈØÅÀÌÓ, ÀÍ ÜÀÌÏÀÚÀËÉÁÄÁÓ ÌÀÓ Ö×ÒÏ ÍÄËÉ ÔÄÌÐÉÈ ÃÀ ÃÀÌÄáÌÀÒÄÁÀ ÜÄÌÉ ÓÀÈØÌÄËÉÓ ×ÏÒÌÖ-ËÉÒÄÁÀÛÉ. ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞ-ËÉÀ ÌÀÒÔÉÅÉ ÛÄÊÉÈá-ÅÉÓ ÃÀÓÌÀ ÃÀ ÐÀÓÖáÉÓ ÂÀÝÄÌÀ ÜÄÌÈÅÉÓ ÍÀÝ-ÍÏÁÉ ÀÍ ÓÀÉÍÔÄÒÄÓÏ ÈÄÌÄÁÉÓ ×ÀÒÂËÄÁÛÉ.

ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÖÒÈÉÄÒÈÏÁÀ ÌÀÒÔÉÅ, ÔÉÐÉÖÒ ÓÉÔÖÀÝÉÄÁÛÉ, ÓÀÃÀÝ ÌÏÌÄÈáÏÅÄÁÀ ÜÄÌÈÅÉÓ ÍÀÝÍÏÁÉ ÈÄÌÄÁÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÓÀØÌÉÀ-ÍÏÁÉÓ ×ÀÒÂËÄÁÛÉ ÉÍ×ÏÒÌÀÝÉÉÓ ÖÛÖÀËÏ ÂÀÝÅËÀ. ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÜÀÅÄÁÀ ÞÀËÉÀÍ ÌÏÊËÄ ÓÀÖÁÀÒÛÉ ÓÏÝÉÀËÖÒ ÈÄÌÄÁÆÄ ÃÀ ÌÀÛÉÍÀÝ ÊÉ ÚÅÄËÀ×ÄÒÓ ÅÄÒ ÅÉÂÄÁ ÉÓÄ, ÒÏÌ ÃÀÌÏÖÊÉÃÄÁËÀÃ ßÀÒÅÌÀÒ-ÈÏ ÃÉÀËÏÂÉ.

ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÉÌ ÌÒÀÅÀËÂÅÀÒ ÓÉÔÖÀÝÉÀÛÉ ÖÒÈÉÄÒÈÏÁÀ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ßÀÒÌÏÉÛÅÄÁÀ ÛÄ-ÓÀÓßÀÅËÉ ÄÍÉÓ ØÅÄÚÀÍÀÛÉ ÚÏ×ÍÉÓÀÓ. ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÌÏ-ÖÌÆÀÃÄÁËÀÃ ÌÉÅÉÙÏ ÌÏÍÀ-ßÉËÄÏÁÀ ÃÉÀËÏÂÄÁÛÉ ÜÄÌÈÅÉÓ ÍÀÝÍÏÁ/ÓÀÉÍÔÄÒÄÓÏ ÈÄÌÄÁÆÄ (ÌÀÂ. “ÏãÀáÉ~, “äÏ-ÁÉ~, “ÓÀÌÓÀáÖÒÉ~, “ÌÏÂÆÀÖ-ÒÏÁÀ~, “ÌÉÌÃÉÍÀÒÄ ÌÏÅËÄ-ÍÄÁÉ~).

ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÓÐÏÍÔÀÍÖÒÀÃ ÃÀ ÛÄÖ×ÄÒáÄÁËÀÃ ÅÉÓÀÖÁÒÏ ÛÄÓÀÓßÀÅËÉ ÄÍÉÓ ÌÀÔÀÒÄÁ-ËÄÁÄÁÈÀÍ. ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÀØÔÉÖÒÉ ÌÏÍÀßÉËÄÏÁÀ ÌÉÅÉÙÏ ÃÉÓÊÖÓÉÄÁÛÉ, ÒÏÌËÄÁÉÝ ÜÄÌÈÅÉÓ ÍÀÝÍÏÁ ÈÄÌÄÁÓ ÄáÄÁÀ, ÃÀÅÀÓÀÁÖÈÏ ÃÀ ÃÀÅÉÝÅÀ ÜÄÌÉ ÛÄáÄÃÖËÄ-ÁÄÁÉ.

ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÓÉÔÚÅÀÈÀ ÃÀÖÁ-ÒÊÏËÄÁËÀÃ ÛÄÒÜÄÅÀ ÃÀ ÓÀÊÖÈÀÒÉ ÀÆÒÉÓ ÓÐÏÍÔÀÍÖÒÀÃ ÃÀ ÓÉÞÍÄËÄÄÁÉÓ ÂÀÒÄÛÄ ÂÀÌÏ-áÀÔÅÀ. ÜÄÌÉ ÌÄÔÚÅÄËÄÁÀ ÂÀÌÏ-ÉÒÜÄÅÀ ÄÍÏÁÒÉÅ ÓÀÛÖÀËÄÁÀÈÀ ÌÒÀÅÀË×ÄÒÏÅÍÄÁÉÈ ÃÀ ÚÏÅÄË-ÃÙÉÖÒÉ ÓÀÚÏ×ÀÝáÏÅÒÄÁÏ ÈÖ ÐÒÏ×ÄÓÉÖË ÖÒÈÉÄÒÈÏÁÀÈÀ ÓÉÔÖÀÝÉÄÁÛÉ ÌÀÈÉ áÌÀÒÄÁÉÓ ÓÉÆÖÓÔÉÈ. ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÓÀÊÖÈÀ-ÒÉ ÀÆÒÄÁÉÓ ÌÊÀ×ÉÏÃ ×ÏÒ-ÌÖËÉÒÄÁÀ ÃÀ ÜÄÌÉ ÈÅÀËÓÀÆÒÉÓÉÓ ÂÀÌÏáÀÔÅÀ, ÀÌÀÓÈÀÍÀÅÄ ÍÄÁÉÓÌÉÄÒ ÓÀÖÁÀÒÛÉ ÀØÔÉÖÒÀÃ ÜÀÁÌÀ.

ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÈÀÅÉÓÖ×ËÀÃ ÌÉÅÉÙÏ ÌÏÍÀßÉËÄÏÁÀ ÍÄÁÉÓÌÉÄÒ ÓÀÖÁÀÒÓÀ ÈÖ ÃÉÓÊÖÓÉÀÛÉ. Å×ËÏÁ ÍÀÉÒ-ÂÅÀÒ ÉÃÉÏÌÀÔÖÒ ÃÀ ÓÀ-ËÀÐÀÒÀÊÏ ÂÀÌÏÈØÌÀÓ. ÌÄ ÓßÒÀ×ÀÃ ÃÀ ÀÃÅÉËÀÃ ÅÌÄÔ-ÚÅÄËÄÁ ÃÀ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÌÍÉÛ-ÅÍÄËÏÁÀÈÀ ÓáÅÀÃÀÓáÅÀ ÍÉÖÀÍÓÉÓ ÂÀÌÏáÀÔÅÀ. ÈÖ ÌÉÜÍÃÄÁÀ ÓÉÞÍÄËÄ ÄÍÏÁÒÉÅ ÓÀÛÖÀËÄÁÀÈÀ ÂÀÌÏÚÄÍÄÁÀ-ÛÉ, ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÃÀÌÓßÒÄ-ÈÀÂÀÍ ÛÄÖÌÜÍÄÅËÀÃ ÃÀ ÓßÒÀ×ÀÃ ÜÄÌÉ ÂÀÌÏÍÀÈØ-ÅÀÌÉÓ ÐÄÒÉ×ÒÀÆÉÒÄÁÀ.

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ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÌÀÒÔÉÅÉ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÉÓÀ ÃÀ ×ÒÀÆÄÁÉÓ ÂÀ-ÌÏÚÄÍÄÁÉÈ ÌÏÅÚÅÄ ÜÄÌÈÅÉÓ ÍÀÝÍÏÁÉ ÀÃÀ-ÌÉÀÍÄÁÉÓ ÀÍ ÜÄÌÉ ÓÀÝáÏÅÒÄÁÄËÉ ÀÃ-ÂÉËÉÓ ÛÄÓÀáÄÁ.

ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÖÁÒÀËÏ ×ÒÀ-ÆÄÁÉÈÀ ÃÀ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÄÁÉÈ ÌÏÅÚÅÄ ÜÄÌÉ ÏãÀáÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÓáÅÀ áÀËáÉÓ, ÝáÏÅÒÄÁÉÓ ÐÉÒÏÁÄÁÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÓßÀÅËÉÓ, ÀÌÑÀÌÉÍÃÄËÉ ÃÀ ÞÅÄËÉ ÓÀÌÓÀáÖÒÉÓ ÛÄÓÀáÄÁ.

ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÌÀÒÔÉÅÉ ÓÀÛÖ-ÀËÄÁÄÁÉÈ ÄÒÈÌÀÍÄÈÓ ÃÀ-ÅÖÊÀÅÛÉÒÏ ×ÒÀÆÄÁÉ, ÒÏÌ ÀÙÅßÄÒÏ ÐÉÒÀÃÉ ÛÈÀ-ÁÄàÃÉËÄÁÄÁÉ ÃÀ ÌÏÅËÄÍÄÁÉ, ÌÏÅÚÅÄ ÜÄÌÉ ÏÝÍÄÁÄÁÉÓ, ÉÌÄ-ÃÄÁÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÓÖÒÅÉËÄÁÉÓ ÛÄÓÀáÄÁ. ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÌÏÊËÄÃ ÀÅáÓÍÀ ÃÀ ÃÀÅÀÓÀÁÖÈÏ ÜÄÌÉ ÛÄáÄ-ÃÖËÄÁÄÁÉ ÃÀ ÂÄÂÌÄÁÉ. ÌÄ ÛÄ-ÌÉÞËÉÀ ÀÌÁÉÓ ÌÏÚÏËÀ ÃÀ ßÉÂÍÉÓ ÀÍ ×ÉËÌÉÓ ÛÉÍÀÀÒÓÉÓ ÂÀÃÌÏÝÄÌÀ ÃÀ ÌÉÓ ÌÉÌÀÒÈ ÜÄÌÉ ÃÀÌÏÖÊÉÃÄÁÖËÄÁÉÓ ÂÀÌÏáÀÔÅÀ.

ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÍÀÈËÀÃ ÃÀ ÃÀ-ÓÀÁÖÈÄÁÖËÀÃ ÂÀÌÏÅáÀÔÏ ÜÄÌÉ ÛÄáÄÃÖËÄÁÀ ÜÄÌÈÅÉÓ ÓÀÉÍÔÄÒÄÓÏ ÓÀÊÉÈáÄÁÆÄ. ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÀÅáÓÍÀ ÜÄÌÉ ÈÅÀË-ÓÀÆÒÉÓÉ ÀØÔÖÀËÖÒ ÈÄÌÀÓÈÀÍ ÃÀÊÀÅÛÉÒÄÁÉÈ, ßÀÒÌÏÅÀÜÉÍÏ ÚÅÄËÀ ÃÀÃÄ-ÁÉÈÉ ÃÀ ÖÀÒÚÏ×ÏÈÉ ÀÒ-ÂÖÌÄÍÔÉ.

ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÒÈÖËÉ ÈÄÌÄÁÉÓ ÍÀÈËÀÃ ÃÀ ÓÀ×ÖÞÅËÉÀÍÀÃ ÂÀÃ-ÌÏÝÄÌÀ, ÛÄÌÀÃÂÄÍÄËÉ ÍÀ-ßÉËÄÁÉÓ ÂÀÄÒÈÉÀÍÄÁÀ, ÝÀËÊÄÖË ÃÄÁÖËÄÁÀÈÀ ÂÀÍÅÉ-ÈÀÒÄÁÀ ÃÀ ÓÀÈÀÍÀÃÏ ÃÀÓÊÅÍÄ-ÁÉÓ ÂÀÌÏÔÀÍÀ.

ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÓÉÔÖÀÝÉÉÃÀÍ ÀÌÏÓÅËÉÈ ÛÄÓÀÁÀÌÉÓÉ ÄÍÏÁÒÉÅÉ ÓÀÛÖÀËÄÁÄÁÉÓ ÂÀÌÏÚÄÍÄÁÉÈ ÀÆÒÉÓ ÈÀÅÉ-ÓÖ×ËÀÃ ÃÀ ÀÒÂÖÌÄÍÔÉÒÄ-ÁÖËÀÃ ÂÀÌÏÈØÌÀ. ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞ-ËÉÀ ÜÄÌÉ ÌÏáÓÄÍÄÁÉÓ ËÏ-ÂÉÊÖÒÀÃ ÀÂÄÁÀ ÉÓÄ, ÒÏÌ ÌÉ-ÅÉØÝÉÏ ÌÓÌÄÍÄËÉÓ ÚÖ-ÒÀÃÙÄÁÀ, ÃÀÅÄáÌÀÒÏ ÀÖÃÉ-ÔÏÒÉÀÓ Ö×ÒÏ ÌÍÉÛÅÍÄËÏ-ÅÀÍÉ ÃÄÁÖËÄÁÉÓ ÛÄÍÉÛÅÍÀÓÀ ÃÀ ÃÀÌÀáÓÏÅÒÄÁÀÛÉ.

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ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÌÉÓÀËÏ-ÝÉ ÁÀÒÀÈÄÁÉÓ ßÄÒÀ, ×ÏÒÌÖËÀÒÄÁÉÓ ÛÄÅ-ÓÄÁÀ, ÓÀÓÔÖÌÒÏÓ ÓÀ-ÒÄÂÉÓÔÒÀÝÉÏ ×ÖÒ-ÝÄËÛÉ ÂÅÀÒÉÓ, ÄÒÏÅ-ÍÄÁÉÓ, ÌÉÓÀÌÀÒÈÉÓ ÛÄ-ÔÀÍÀ.

ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÌÏÊËÄ ÛÄÔÚÏ-ÁÉÍÄÁÀÈÀ ÃÀ ÁÀÒÀÈÄÁÉÓ ßÄÒÀ. ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÌÀÒÔÉÅÉ ÐÉÒÀÃÉ áÀ-ÓÉÀÈÉÓ ßÄÒÉËÉÓ ÃÀßÄÒÀ (ÌÀÂ. ÅÉÍÌÄÓ ÌÉÌÀÒÈ ÌÀÃËÉÄÒÄÁÉÓ ÂÒÞÍÏÁÉÓ ÂÀÌÏáÀÔÅÀ).

ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÜÄÌÈÅÉÓ ÍÀÝÍÏÁ ÀÍ ÓÀÉÍÔÄÒÄÓÏ ÈÄÌÄÁÆÄ ÌÀÒÔÉÅÉ ÂÀÁÌÖËÉ ÔÄØÓÔÉÓ ÃÀßÄÒÀ. ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÊÄÒÞÏ áÀÓÉÀÈÉÓ ßÄÒÉËÉÓ ÃÀßÄÒÀ, ÒÏÌÄËÛÉÝ ÜÄÌÓ ÂÀÍÝÃÄÁÓÀ ÃÀ ÛÈÀÁÄàÃÉËÄÁÄÁÆÄÀ ÓÀ-ÖÁÀÒÉ.

ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÌÊÀ×ÉÏ, ÃÄ-ÔÀËÖÒÉ ÔÄØÓÔÉÓ ÃÀßÄÒÀ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ÛÄÄáÄÁÀ ÜÄÌÈÅÉÓ ÓÀÉÍÔÄÒÄÓÏ, ÌÒÀÅÀË×ÄÒÏ-ÅÀÍ ÓÀÊÉÈáÄÁÓ. ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÃÀÅßÄÒÏ ÄÓÄ ÀÍ ÌÏáÓÄÍÄÁÀ, ÂÀÅÀÛÖØÏ ÉÍ×ÏÒÌÀÝÉÀ ÃÀÃÄ-ÁÉÈÉ ÀÍ ÖÀÒÚÏ×ÉÈÉ ÈÅÀË-ÓÀÆÒÉÓÉÓ ÃÀÓÀÁÖÈÄÁÉÈ. ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÃÀÅßÄÒÏ ßÄÒÉËÄ-ÁÉ, ÒÏÌËÄÁÛÉÝ ÊÀÒÂÀÃ ßÀÒÌÏÅÀÜÄÍ ÜÄÌÈÅÉÓ ÌÍÉÛ-ÅÍÄËÏÅÀÍ ÌÏÅËÄÍÄÁÓÀ ÃÀ ÛÈÀÁÄàÃÉËÄÁÄÁÓ.

ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ßÄÒÉËÏÁÉÈÉ ×ÏÒÌÉÈ ÌÊÀ×ÉÏÃ ÃÀ ËÏ-ÂÉÊÖÒÀÃ ÂÀÌÏÅáÀÔÏ ÜÄÌÉ ÀÆÒÄ-ÁÉ ÃÀ ÃÄÔÀËÖÒÀÃ ÂÀÅÀÛÖØÏ ÜÄÌÉ ÛÄáÄÃÖËÄÁÀ. ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ßÄÒÉËÛÉ, ÄÓÄÛÉ ÀÍ ÌÏáÓÄÍÄÁÀÛÉ ÃÄÔÀËÖÒÀÃ ÂÀÃÌÏÅÝÄ ÒÈÖËÉ ÐÒÏÁËÄÌÄÁÉ ÃÀ ÀÌÀÓÈÀÍÀÅÄ ÂÀ-ÌÏÅÚÏ ÌÍÉÛÅÍÄËÏÅÀÍÉ ÓÀÊÉÈ-áÄÁÉ. ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÉÌ ÄÍÏÁÒÉÅÉ ÓÔÉËÉÓ ÂÀÌÏÚÄÍÄÁÀ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ÛÄÄ×ÄÒÄÁÀ ÓÀÅÀÒÀÖÃÏ ÀÃÒÄ-ÓÀÔÓ.

ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ßÄÒÉËÏÁÉÈ ÂÀÃÌÏÅÝÄ ÜÄÌÉ ÀÆÒÄÁÉ ËÏ-ÊÉÂÖÒÀÃ ÃÀ ÈÀÍÀÌÉÌÃÄÅ-ÒÖËÀÃ ÀÖÝÉËÄÁÄËÉ ÄÍÏÁ-ÒÉÅÉ ÓÀÛÖÀËÄÁÄÁÉÓ ÂÀÌÏ-ÚÄÍÄÁÉÈ. ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÉÓÄ-ÈÉ ÒÈÖËÉ ßÄÒÉËÄÁÉÓ, ÌÏáÓÄÍÄÁÄÁÉÓ, ÀÍÂÀÒÉÛÄÁÉÓ ÀÍ ÓÔÀÔÉÄÁÉÓ ßÄÒÀ, ÒÏÌ-ËÄÁÓÀÝ ÀØÅÈ ÌÊÀ×ÉÏ ËÏ-ÂÉÊÖÒÉ ÓÔÒÖØÔÖÒÀ ÃÀ ÄáÌÀÒÄÁÀ ÒÄÝÉÐÉÄÍÔÓ ÌÍÉÛÅÍÄËÏÅÀÍÉ ÌÏÌÄÍÔÄÁÉÓ ÀÙÍÉÛÅÍÀÓÀ ÃÀ ÃÀÌÀáÓÏÅÒÄ-ÁÀÛÉ. ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÒÄÆÉÖÌÄ-ÄÁÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÒÄÝÄÍÆÉÄÁÉÓ ÃÀßÄ-ÒÀ, ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÐÒÏ×ÄÓÉÖËÉ áÀÓÉÀÈÉÓ ÍÀÛÒÏÌÄÁÆÄ, ÉÓÄ ÌáÀÔÅÒÖË ÍÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄÁÆÄ.

3. Sefasebis doneebi da sakomunikacio davalebebi

CEFR-is enebis swavlebis da swavlis koncefciaSi, sakomunikacio

davalebebis mier dakavebuli centraluri adgilis Sesabamisad, am badeSi

Sefasebis doneebis yvela ganmarteba gamosaxulia ZiriTadad ise, rom enaSi

miRebuli kompetenciebis Sedegad moswavles garkveuli sakomunikacio

davalebebis Sesruleba SeuZlia.

imisaTvis, rom mkiTxvelebs ukeT gavagebinoT am badis miRma arsebuli

logika, dawerili sityvis gagebisTvis kompetenciis ganmartebebi qvemoT

warmodgenilia arakonkretuli wyobiTa da `gaxleCili~ formiT. isini ver

daadgenen gradaciis sirTules 41-e gverdze moyvanili ZiriTad cxrilidan

konsultaciis gareSe SemoTavazebuli aRwerebiTa da maTi dakavSirebebiT

Sefasebis eqvs sxvadasxva donesTan A1-dan C2-mde.

1. waikiTxe Cveulebrivi eniT dawerili

samsaxurTan dakavSirebuli teqstebi.

2. waikiTxe statiebi da reportaJebi Tanamedrove sakiTxebze da gaige av-

toris konkretuli damokidebuleba an garkveuli Sexeduleba.

3. waikiTxe piradi werilebi da gaige movlenebis aRwera, grZnobebisa da

survilebis gamoxatva.

4. waikiTxe reklamebi, plakatebi an katalogebi da gaige SenTvis nacnobi

saxelebi, sityvebi da Zalian martivi frazebi.

5. Zalisxmevis gareSe waikiTxe yvela tipis teqsti, Tundac abstraqtuli

an kompleqsuri Semadgenlobis an formisa; magaliTad, saxelmZRvanelo,

specialuri statia an literaturuli Sroma.

6. waikiTxe grZeli da rTuli faqtobrivi an literaturuli teqstebi da

aRiqvi stilisturi gansxvavebebi.

7. waikiTxe yoveldRiuri dokumentebi, rogoricaa patara reklamebi,

prospeqtebi, meniuebi da ganrigebi da ipove specifikuri savaraudo in-

formacia.

8. waikiTxe Tanamedrove prozauli (literaturuli) teqsti.

9. waikiTxe specialuri statiebi da mogrZo teqnikuri instruqciebi, Tun-

dac isini ar ukavSirdebodnen Sens sferos.

10. waikiTxe Zalian mokle, martivi teqstebi da mokle da martivi piradi

werilebi.

(gadawyveta: A1=4; A2=7 da 10; B1=1 da 3; B2=2 da 8; C1=6 da 9; C2=5)

Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom am badis SemadgenlobasTan Sesabamisoba au-

cilebelia, kerZod, moswavleebis kontinuumSi moTavsebiT, romlebic ganisaz-

Rvreba Sefasebis sxvadasxva doniT. badis gamoyeneba ar niSnavs, rom enis mas-

wavleblebs amocanebis wamoyenebis ufleba ar hqondeT, romlebic zustad mas

ar eyrdnoba maT mier mocemul savarjiSoebSi. magaliTad, presis statiebi da

literaturuli teqstebi, am badeSi aRiniSneba mxolod rogorc B2 doneze

dawerili sityvis gagebis mixedviT. Tumca, absurduli iqneboda am mizniT Tavi

43

Segvekavebina enis swavlebaSi aseTi teqstebis gamoyenebisagan. sruliad kanoni-

eri iqneba ase moqceva im aqtivobebis SemTxvevaSi, romlebic specialurad kom-

petenciis donis Sesamowmeblad ar aris Seqmnili, aramed ufro moswavleTa

winsvlisTvis da imisTvis, rom maT mieceT saSualeba, SeiZinon codna da

unarebi. miuxedavad amisa, dasmuli amocanebi ar unda scildebodes maTi miR-

wevis farglebs da saTaves iRebdes sakomunikacio situaciaSi.

Cven axla unda gamovikvlioT badis nawili, romelic dakavSirebulia

meore enis aqtivobasTan:

mosmena

A1 SemiZlia amovicno nacnobi sityvebi da vcvalo ZiriTadi frazebi Cemi,

Cemi ojaxisa da garemos Sesaxeb, roca xalxi laparakobs nela da garkveviT.

A2 SemiZlia frazebisa da xSirad xmarebuli leqsikis gageba, uSualod pi-

radulTan dakavSirebiT (anu ZiriTadi personaluri da ojaxuri informacia,

sayidlebi, adgilobrivi garemo, samsaxuri). SemiZlia ZiriTadi azris daWera

mokle, garkveul, martiv gzavnilebsa da gancxadebebSi.

B1 SemiZlia gavigo mkafio standartuli laparakis ZiriTadi azri nacnob

sakiTxebze, romlebic regularulad gvxvdeba samsaxurSi, skolaSi, dasvenebisas

da misT. SemiZlia gavigo radio an telegadacemebis ZiriTadi azri mimdinare

movlenebze an pirad Tu profesiul interesebze, roca informaciis mowodeba

SedarebiT nela da mkafiod mimdinareobs.

B2 SemiZlia gavigo vrceli saubari da leqciebi da mivyve Tundac argumen-

tebis rTul striqonebs im pirobiT, rom Tema aris sakmaod nacnobi. SemiZlia

gavigo satelevizio sainformacio gadacemebis umravlesoba da mimdinare pro-

gramebi saqmian Temebze. SemiZlia gavigo filmebis umravlesoba standartul

dialeqtze.

C1 SemiZlia gavigo xangrZlivi saubari, roca is zustad ar aris dadgenili

da roca igulisxmeba mxolod kavSirebi da isini araa aSkarad gamoxatuli.

SemiZlia satelevizio programebisa da filmebis gageba didi daZabvis gareSe.

C2 ar maqvs zepiri enis gagebis aranairi sirTule, iqneba es cocxali, Tu

gadmocemis ena, Tundac, roca mowodebulia swrafi laparakiT, im pirobiT, rom

me maqvs dro aqcentis SesaCvevad.

TviTSefasebis bade (CEFR, gv. 26 da 27)

es bade aRwers moswavleebis kompetenciis progress, rac Cans davalebe-

bis gavliT, romlebic iyeneben am SemTxvevaSi zepiri sityvis gagebis enis

aqtivobas. Cven vnaxeT, rom SedarebiT advilia ganmartebebi movaTavsoT er-

TimeoresTan kavSirSi sirTulis gasaZliereblad.

Cven Semdgom TavebSi vnaxavT, rom enis maswavleblebs SeuZliaT gamoi-

yenon es bade im progresis dasagegmad, rac maT surT miiRon moswavleTa

jgufTan an maTi kompetenciis doneebis Sesafaseblad.

Tumca, aseTi gamoyeneba moiTxovs imis gagebas, Tu rogor aris es bade

Sedgenili, im informaciasTan erTad, romelsac is gvawvdis imis Sesaxeb, Tu

ras moicavs TiToeuli misi nawili zustad. Tu Cven yuradRebiT ganvixilavT

badis nawils zepiri sityvis gagebaze, SegviZlia gavarCioT ori tipis infor-

macia:

44

- teqstis tipi da masTan dakavSirebuli Temebi;

- amocanis SesrulebisTvis moTxovnili aqtivoba.

amis gamo, enis aqtivobaSi kompetenciis donis gansazRvreba eyrdnoba in-

formaciis am or punqts Soris damokidebulebas.

ganxiluli teqstebis tipebi da Temebi

amocanis Sesrulebisas saWiro moqmedeba

A1 neli da garkveuli saubris mosmena

Tanamosaubris identobis, ojaxis da

konkretuli garemos Sesaxeb.

nacnobi sityvebis da Zalian gavrcelebuli

gamonaTqvamebis gageba.

A2 saubris mosmena an urTierTgacvla

Zalian nacnob sagnebze (identoba,

ojaxi, sayidlebi, adgilobrivi garemo,

samsaxuri da misT.).

frazebis gageba da Zalian nacnobi leqsikoni

am TemebTan dakavSirebiT.

A2 gancxadebebisa da martivi, garkveuli

ambebis mosmena .

am ambebis ZiriTadi azris gageba.

B1 azrTa urTierTgaziarebis an axsnis

mosmena mkafio standartul enaze nac-

nob Temebze (dasaqmeba, dasveneba,

skola da a. S.).

ZiriTadi azris gageba.

B2 radio an satelevizio programebis

mosmena mimdinare movlenebze an nac-

nob sagnebze.

gadmocemuli infomaciis ZiriTadi azris

gageba.

B2 prezentaciebis an moxsenebebis mosmena

rTuli replikebiT an argumentebiT

sakmaod nacnob Temebze.

miRebuli informaciis gageba.

C1 grZeli arastruqturuli gamosvlis

mosmena, roca mxolod damokidebuleba

igulisxmeba.

argumentis / replikis ganviTarebis azris

gageba.

C1 nebismieri tipis satelevizio gadace-

mis an filmebis mosmena. didi daZabvis gareSe gageba.

C2 nebismieri tipis ambisa da laparakis

mosmena; Tundac iseTis, romelic gar-

Tulebulia situaciurad, moxsenebis

siCqariT an konkretuli aqcentiT.

gageba sirTulis gareSe.

Semdgom davinaxavT, rom es cxrili asaxavs progresiis zRvars:

- mosmenili teqstebis sirTule;

- martivi saubari an azrTa urTierTgaziareba.

- gancxadebebi da gzavnilebi;

- raimes axsna;

- radio da satelevizio gadacemebi;

- prezentaciebi an moxsenebebi kompleqsuri argumentebiT;

- arazusti gamoxatva mkafio azrebiT;

- yvela tipis gzavnili da msjeloba.

- gansaxilvel sakiTxebSi:

- identoba, ojaxi da uSualo konkretuli garemo;

- nacnobi sagnebi;

- mimdinare movlenebi;

- filmebi an satelevizio programebi.

- advilad gasagebi Sinaarsi:

- nacnobi sityvebis an gamoTqmebis gamocnoba;

- mosmenili informaciis ZiriTadi azris gageba;

- mTeli teqstis gageba da prezentaciis mimdinareobis miyola;

- garkveuli ZalisxmeviT gageba.

amis gamo, is amyarebs sakmaod rTul kavSirs Sefasebis am doneebSi (A1-dan C2-mde) im dokumentebis sirTuleebs Soris; is moswavleebs urigdebaT, raTa

saSualeba mieceT, Seafason TavianTi done da savaraudo warmateba gagebis

aqtivobaSi.

45

magaliTad, nacnobi sityvebis an xSirad Sexvedrili gamoTqmebis gageba

xangrZliv warmodgenaSi arafers ar niSnavs, rodesac mizani aris moswavlis

sakomunikacio kompetenciis ganviTarebis Sefaseba. teqstis saxeoba faqtobrivad

eqvemdebareba B2 dones (maRali), maSin, roca Sesrulebulis Sefaseba eqvemde-

bareba A1 dones. sapirispiro magaliTi: didi Zalisxmevis gareSe martivi mkafio ambis

gageba Zalian nacnob sagnebze iZleva mxolod Zalian mcire informacias

smeniTi aRqmis kompetenciis realur xarisxze. am SemTxvevaSi, moqmedeba eqvemde-

bareba B2 dones an ufro maRla, magram mosmenili gamoTqmebi da Temebi, rom-

lebsac isini moicaven, eqvemdebareba A2 dones. Semdgom TavebSi bade imave meTodiT unda gavaanalizoT yvela enobrivi

aqtivobisTvis, raTa swavlebisaTvis daskvnebi gamovitanoT.

aq, amis gamo, ubralod axlodan unda SevxedoT erT-erT sxva aqtivobas:

amjerad warmoqmnas.

A1 SemiZlia martivi frazebisa da winadadebebis gamoyeneba imis aRsawerad, sadac vcxovrob

da visac vicnob.

A2 SemiZlia rigi frazebis da winadadebebis gamoyeneba, raTa martivi terminebiT aRvwero

Cemi ojaxi da sxva xalxi, sacxovrebeli pirobebi, Cemi ganaTlebis safuZveli da Cemi axlandeli

an wina samsaxuri.

B1 SemiZlia davakavSiro frazebi martivad imisaTvis, rom aRvwero gamocdileba da movle-

nebi, Cemi sizmrebi, imedebi da miswrafebebi. mokled, SemiZlia azrebis da gegmebis mizezebis da

axsna-ganmartebebis micema, SemiZlia moTxrobis an wignisa Tu filmis siuJetis moyola da Cemi

reaqciebis aRwera.

B2 SemiZlia warvadgino mkafio, detaluri axsna im sagnebis farTo speqtrze, romlebic da-

kavSirebulia Cemi interesebis sferosTan. SemiZlia gamovxato Cemi azri Tematur sakiTxze

sxvadasxva variantis upiratesobebisa da naklovanebebis mowodebiT.

C1 SemiZlia warmovadgino mkafio, kompleqsuri sagnebis detaluri aRwera, romlebic aerTi-

aneben qveTemebs konkretuli azrebis ganviTarebiT da davasrulo saTanado daskvniT.

C2 SemiZlia warmovadgino mkafio, elastiurad mimdinare aRwera an argumenti stilSi, ro-

melic Sesabamisia konteqstisTvis da efeqturi logikuri wyobiT, romelic exmareba mimRebs,

SeniSnos da daimaxsovros mniSvnelovani azrebi.

TviTSefasebis bade (CEFR, gv. 26 da 27)

es cxrili SesaZloa dalagdes sxvadasxvanairad:

laparakis mizani davalebis SesrulebisTvis saWiro moqmedeba.

A1. aRvwero, sad vcxovrob da vis vicnob davalebis Sesruleba martivi winadadebe-

bis gamoyenebiT.

A2. Cemi ojaxisa da sxva xalxis, sacxovre-

beli pirobebis, Cemi axlandeli an wina

samsaxuris aRwera.

davalebis Sesruleba martivi terminebiT,

rigi frazebisa da winadadebebis gamoyene-

biT.

B1. aRvwero gamocdilebebi da movlenebi,

Cemi sizmrebi, imedebi da miswrafebebi.

davalebis Sesruleba gamoTqmebis martivi

kavSirebis gamoyenebiT.

B1. davasabuTo da avxsna azrebi da gegmebi. davalebis Sesruleba gamoTqmebis martivi

kavSirebis gamoyenebiT

B1. moTxrobis an wignisa Tu filmis siu-

Jetis moyola da Cemi reaqciebis aRwera.

davalebis Sesruleba martivi qronologi-

uri kavSirebis, martivi gamoTqmebis gamo-

yenebiTa da monayolisa da monayolis

Sinaarsze reaqciebis garCeva.

B2. Cemi Tavis gamoxatva interesTa Cem

sferosTan dakavSirebuli farTo

speqtriT.

amocanis Sesruleba mkafio da detaluri

formiT.

B2. Sexedulebis gadmocema Tematur sa-

kiTxze, sxvadasxva variantebis upirate-

sobebisa da naklovanebebis mowodebiT.

amocanis Sesruleba mkafio argumentebis

moyvaniT.

46

C1. rTuli Temebis aRwerebis warmodgena. davalebis Sesruleba mkafio da detaluri

formiT, qveTemebis, detaluri konkretuli

azrebisa da Sesabamisi daskvniT damTavre-

bis CaTvliT.

C2. nebismier Temaze aRweris an argumentis

warmodgena.

davalebis Sesruleba mkafio da Tavisu-

fali maneriT, Sesabamisi stilisa da

logikuri struqturis gamoyenebiT, rac

exmareba mimRebs, SeniSnos da daimaxsovros

mniSvnelovani sakiTxebi.

es mokle analizi asaxavs gansxvavebas kompetenciis doneebs Soris, ro-

melic amjerad eyrdnoba Semdeg kombinaciebs:

- zepir gadmocemebSi moculi Temebi (vinme an vinmes uSualo garemo; ga-

mocdilebebi, piradi azris SegrZneba; maRaziebi, movlenebi an novelisa Tu

filmis siuJeti; Tematuri sakiTxebi, rTuli Temebi);

- gadmocemis formaluri struqtura (martivi winadadebebis gadabma, mar-

tivi kavSirebis gamoyeneba; argumentis moyvana; struqtura, romelic akmayo-

filebs auditoriis winaSe zepiri komunikaciis moTxovnebs).

4. kompetenciis doneebis calsaxad pozitiuri ganmarteba

magaliTad, Zalian mniSvnelovania aRvniSnoT, rom aRniSnuli svetis mar-

jvena svetSi - zepiri warmoqmnis Sesaxeb - exeba mxolod gamoTqmebis kombina-

ciebis xelovnebas da saubris Seqmnas. is arafers ambobs sintaqsisa da mor-

fologiis Sesaxeb.

es bolo SeniSvna aRniSnavs CEFR-is doneebis skalis fundamentur max-

asiaTebels, kerZod imas, rom skala eyrdnoba kompetenciebis doneebis myar

pozitiur midgomebs.

warmodgenili doneebis skala tradiciidan gadaxvevas mianiSnebs, ro-

melic kvlav gavrcelebulia Sefasebis praqtikaSi, roca moswavlis kompeten-

ciis done fasdeba mkvidri metyvelis idealTan SefardebiT. es SesaZlebelia

mizanSewonili iyos, Tu Sedareba dakavSirebulia sakomunikacio davalebasTan,

romelic SeiZleba Catardes an ar Catardes enis gamoyenebiT. samwuxarod, aseTi

Sefaseba xSirad cdilobs lingvisturi kodis kvalifikaciaSi Secdomebi aR-

niSno, rogorc literaturulad, aseve figuralurad. Sefasebis tradiciuli

saxeoba, romelic tardeba Tanamedrove enaSi, savaraudod aris negatiuri, ro-

melSic potenciuri niSnidan gamoakldeba Secdomebis ricxvi an Secdomebis

`seriozulobis~ ricxvi.

Tumca, evropuli sabWos doneebis skalis aRsawerad calkeuli negati-

uri daxasiaTebis Zebna drois kargvaa. erTaderTi gamoyenebuli kriteriumi

Sedis moswavleTa warmatebis xarisxis dadgenaSi, romelic ganisazRvreba im

davalebebis SedegebiT, romelTa Sesruleba SesaZlebelia Seswavlil enaze.

yvelaze metad ganmartebebSi davZebniT SeniSvnas am davalebebis Sesrulebis si-

martivesTan dakavSirebiT (ùnda daexmaros sxva pirovneba~, ùnda iTxovo,

gaimeoron DgamonaTqvami~ da a. S.).

47

5. evropuli enobrivi portfolios Sesamowmebeli sia

davalebebi da enobrivi aqtivobebi gvxvdeba mTeli Sefasebis doneebis

gansazRvrebebSi. isini warmodgenilia maswavleblisa da moswavlis yoveldRiur

saswavlo urTierTobaSi. yvela enis SeswavlaSi isini centralur adgils ikave-

ben.

aqedan gamomdinare, Cans, rom TviTSefasebis badeSi mocemuli ganmarte-

bebi TiToeuli sakomunikacio aqtivobisaTvis aSkarad erTi donis meorisagan

garCevis saSualebas iZleva, magram sakmarisi ar aris moswavlis yoveldRiuri

moTxovnilebebisaTvis, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu maT surT progresis uzrunvelyofa

da is, rom Tavadve dasaxon swavlis miznebi. albaT es ganmartebebi arasa-

Tanadod aris ganviTarebuli an dazustebuli.

ufro metic, rogorc es me-2 TavSi vnaxeT, pedagogiuri amocana am Sefase-

bis doneebis Sesabamisobaa saTanado sakomunikacio davalebebTan.

aq Semodis Sesamowmebeli sia, romelic ayalibebs evropuli enis port-

folios mniSvnelovan komponents.

es siebi TiToeuli Sefasebis donisTvis xuTi enobrivi aqtivobis ufro

detalur aRweras awvdian. am aRwerebis gamoyenebiT, momxmareblebs SeuZliaT

naxon, isini marTlac akmayofileben Tu ara saerTo Sefasebis doneebSi moce-

mul moTxovnebs.

naTeli xdeba urTierTdamokidebuleba Sefasebis doneebis globalur

skalas, TviTSefasebis badesa da Eevropuli enis portfolioSi Sesamowmebel

sias Soris maSinve, rogorc ki maT erTad ganvixilavT.

amis gamo, Cven, magaliTad, unda aviRoT A1 done, romelic vnaxeT zepiri

interaqtivis (vinmesTan laparaki) kuTxiT.

Sefasebis doneebis globaluri skala

SeuZlia gaigos da gamoiyenos nacnobi yoveldRiuri gamonaTqvamebi da uZiriTadesi

frazebi, romlebic gamiznulia konkretuli tipis moTxovnilebebis dasakmayofileblad.

SeuZlia sakuTari Tavisa da sxvebis warmodgena da SeuZlia dasvas kiTxvebi da

upasuxos pirad sakiTxebze, rogoricaa sad cxovroben, xalxi, romelsac is icnobs da

sagnebi, romlebic mas gaaCnia. SeuZlia martivi urTierTobis damyareba im pirobiT, rom

meore adamiani laparakobs nela da mkafiod da mzadaa dasaxmareblad.

CEFR, gv. 24 TviTSefasebis bade (zepiri interaqtivi)

SemiZlia urTierToba martivi gziT; im pirobiT, rom meore pi-

rovneba mzadaa gaimeoros an perifrazireba moaxdinos

naTqvamisa, laparakis neli tempiT da SeuZlia damexmaros imis

CamoyalibebaSi, ris Tqmasac vapireb. SemiZlia kiTxvebi davsva

da vupasuxo martiv kiTxvebs uSualo moTxovnilebis sa-

kiTxebSi, an Zalian nacnob Temebze.

CEFR, gv 26 • SemiZlia vTqva, vin var, sad davibade, sad vcxovrob da vkiTxo vinmes igive infor-

macia;

• SemiZlia vTqva, ras vakeTeb, rogor var da vkiTxo vinmes, rogor arTmevs igi Tavs;

SemiZlia warmovadgino vinme, Sevxvde maT da wavide;

• SemiZlia vilaparako martivad im adamianebze, visac vicnob da sxvas kiTxvebi da-

vusva;

• SemiZlia sxvas vkiTxo obieqtze an vikiTxo raime informacia, pasuxi gavce, Tu me-

kiTxebian;

• SemiZlia vupasuxo martiv pirad kiTxvebze da agreTve vkiTxo sxvebs;

• SemiZlia daTvla, raodenobebis miTiTeba da drois Tqma;

• SemiZlia mivyve da mivce informacia Tu rogor wavidnen ama Tu im adgilas, ma-

galiTad, erTi adgilidan meoreze;

• SemiZlia warvudgino an SevTavazo vinmes raime;

• SemiZlia vilaparako Sexvedris adgilze da droze iseTi gamonaTqvamebis gamoyene-

biT, rogoricaa `Semdeg kviras~, `gasul paraskevs~, `noemberSi~, `sam saaTze~.

48

Sedareba uCvenebs maTs Sesabamis rolebs:

- konkretuli davalebebis ELP-is aRweris sia (ara amomwuravi), romelTa

Sesrulebac SesaZlebelia zepiri metyvelebis A1 doneze myofi

moswavlisTvis nacnob enaze. am aRmwerebis sia Seesabameba TviTSefase-

bis bades (`dasva martivi kiTxvebi da upasuxo maT uSualo moTxov-

nilebis sferoebSi an ucnob Temebze~);

- TviTSefasebis bade agreTve aRniSnavs im datvirTvasa da gare dax-

marebas, romelTa meSveobiTac es davalebebi sruldeba (aq, magaliTad,

sxva pirovnebis daxmarebiT, romelic `mzad aris gaimeoros an sxva-

nairad Tqvas~, romelic `saubrobs ufro neli tempiT~ da vinc

moswavles daexmareba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu aucilebelia `Camoayalibos

is, ris Tqmasac vapireb~). ufro metic, is gvirCevs, Tu rogor unda

Seasrulos moswavlem es davalebebi, am SemTxvevaSi martivi frazebis

mniSvnelobiT.

aqedan gamomdinare, davalebis Sesruleba `Tqvi, vin var me~, saubari, ro-

melic warmoiqmneba moswavlis mier interaqtiul konteqstSi, kerZod Ì'm Claude“, Ìch hei?e Pierre~, `Me llamo Antoine~ an `Mi chiamo Robert~ saTanado iqneba formaluri

pirobebis dasakmayofileblad, romelic moiTxoveba am donis kompetenciaze. wi-

nadadeba, romelic warmoiTqmeba sxva moswavlis mier `neba miboZeT warmogidgi-

noT Cemi Tavi~, `Cemi saxelia malika~ an `Darf ich mich vorstellen? Ich hei?e Malika~ rogorc Cans, ar ganekuTvneba A1 dones. imisaTvis, rom SevafasoT malikas eno-

brivi done, aucilebeli iqneba avirCioT meore davaleba sxva Sefasebis donee-

bis aRmwerebs Soris. faqti, rom malikas SeuZlia sakuTari Tavi warmoadginos

am enaze, aRar Seesabameba am enaSi miRweul kompetenciis dones. zepiri in-

teraqtivis done, romelSic is imyofeba, SesaZlebelia movnaxoT misTvis da-

valebis micemiT, romelic B2 an C1 doneebs Sorisaa. am TviTSefasebis badidan azris gamosatanad unda gaviazroT, rom is

Seadgens Tanmimdevrobas. konkretuli donis aRsawerad vuSvebT, rom skalaze

dabali done miRweulia. enis smeniTi aRqmis B2 doneze yofna gulisxmobs, rom

SesaZlebelia imis Sesruleba, rac badis Sesabamis nawilSia gansazRvruli, ma-

gram agreTve im nawilebSi, romlebic Seesabameba imave enobrivi aqtivobis A1-dan B1 dones.

TviTSefasebis bade da ELP aRmwerebi damatebiTi saSualebebia, romlebic

moswavleebsa da maswavleblebs saSualebas Zleven Seafason, aris Tu ra marT-

lac miRweuli kompetenciis konkretuli done.

sakomunikacio amocanebi, romlebic swavlasa da swavlebaSi CEFR-is TvalTaxedvis centraluri faqtorebia, didi xnis ganmavlobaSi iyvnen sakomuni-

kacio midgomis damaxasiaTebeli niSani. qmedebaze orientirebul midgomaze

yuradReba gamaxvilebulia evropis sabWos dokumentSi, romelic, Tavis mxriv,

ar niSnavs aranair mkveTr cvlilebas safrangeTSi enis swavlebis perspeqtiveb-

Tan dakavSirebiT.

miuxedavad amisa, kategoriebi, romlebic dakavSirebulia davalebebTan,

zogadad nayofier safuZvels iZleva pedagogiur inovaciaSi. CEFR-is mier

Setanili ZiriTadi wvlili mdgomareobs mis kritikul damokidebulebaSi da-

valebebSi CarTul enobrivi aqtivobebis, moTxovnili unarebisa da TiToeuli

davalebis Sesrulebis pirobebis mimarT. am sxvadasxva faqtorebis formalizeba

imisaTvis, raTa ganviTardes efeqturi sakomunikacio davalebebi, saSualebas

iZleva evropaSi Tanamedrove enebis swavlaSi miRweuli progresi SevafasoT da

sakmaod mniSvnelovani meTodia enis MmaswavleblebisaTvis.

yvela am parametrisa da kategoriis urTierTkavSiri ar niSnavs, rom

swavlebis sistema Sesabamisi saxeliT, unda eqvemdebarebodes zogierT taqtiku-

rad SeTanxmebul models, rogorc wina sistemebis SemTxvevaSi moxda. midgoma,

romelic CEFR-is ganviTarebas aRniSnavs, gulisxmobs konkretuli konteqstis

49

mimarT adaptacias da SeuZlia daadasturos is moswavleebis unarebis specifi-

kur aspeqtebze fokusirebiT. Tumca maTi arCevnebis an datvirTvebisgan damou-

kideblad yvela enis maswavlebelma unda iswavlos am situaciebisa da proce-

durebis gaanalizeba CEFR-is kategoriebis gamoyenebiT, imisaTvis, raTa aRi-

nusxos maTi praqtika, daregulirdes is, romelic, rogorc Cans, sasargebloa

da maTTvis xelmisawvdomi da iqonion gacvlebi sxva maswavleblebTan. es

udavod aris CEFR-is yvelaze nayofieri wvlili Tanamedrove enebis swavlebis

praqtikaSi.

pirvel nawilSi Cven `vimogzaureT~" CEFR-is farglebSi im mizniT, rom

gagveSuqebina misi ramdenime mniSvnelovani elementi. isini SeiZleba ufro daw-

vrilebiTi formiT vnaxoT CEFR-is Semdeg TavebSi.

- Tavi me-2, gv. 9-20: miRebuli meTodi (qmedebaze orientirebuli midgomis, indi-

vidis zogadi kompetenciebis, sakomunikacio kompetenciebis, enobrivi aqtivobe-

bis da interesebis ganmarteba)

- Tavi me-3, gv 21-42: saerTo Sefasebis doneebi;

- Tavi me-4, gv 42-100: enis gamoyeneba da Semswavleli / momxmarebeli (konteqsti,

romelSic ena gamoiyeneba, sakomunikacio Temebi, sakomunikacio amocanebi, eno-

brivi sakomunikacio aqtivobebi da teqstebi);

- Tavi me-7, gv 157-167: amocanebi da maTi roli enis swavlebaSi.

50

nawili 2

zogadevropuli enebis Sefasebis programa da

evropuli enobrivi portfolio

Ubobnfespwf!fojt!txbwmfcjt!nfUpefcj!eb!!nptxbwmjt!ebnpvljefcmpcjt!hbowjUbsfcb!

51

Sesavali

CEFR eb!Ubobnfespwf!fofcjt!tjmbcvtfcj!

maswavleblebis amocana sakmaod ioldeba, rodesac silabusebi ganisaz-

Rvreba CEFR-Tan SesabamisobiT, rogorc amas adgili hqonda safrangeTSi

Tanamedrove enebis silabusebis SemTxvevaSi. es silabusebi ara marto adgenen

enobrivi kvalificiurobis moTxovnil doneebs CEFR-is mier warmodgenili Se-

fasebis doneebis mixedviT, aramed gvkarnaxoben im ganaTlebis Sinaarss, ro-

melic unda iyos mowodebuli. am Sinaarsis gamokvleva gviCvenebs CEFR-Si da ELP-Si aRweril maCveneblebTan mis sakmaod maRal Tavsebadobas.

modiT, vnaxoT, Tu rogor aris gaTvaliswinebuli CEFR-is saganmanaTle-

blo moqmedebis sqema sxvadasxva etapze.

dawyebiTi skolisa da sabazo skolis (colleges) silabusebi did yuradRe-

bas amaxvileben mizanmimarTul midgomaze. isini CamoTvlian enis funqciebs (sax-

elis Tqma, winadadebis Setana, dabadebis dRis milocva da misT.), romelic

moswavlem unda iswavlos, raTa gamoiyenos Sesabamisi gamoTqmebis Sesas-

ruleblad da romelic SesaZloa warmoadgendes martiv davalebas (rogoricaa

pirovnebis wardgena, gzis gakvleva da a. S.). SemTxvevaTa umravlesobaSi

gvxvdeba mWidro kavSiri am siebsa da qveda saSualo skolis ELP-is A1 da A2 doneebis deskriptorebs Soris.

auraluri aRqma (mosmena) Sesamowmebeli sia qveda saSualosTvis:

SeuZlia martivi instruqciebisa da A1. SemiZlia gavigo martivi instruqciebi da informacia,

informaciis gageba,

Tu is aris mkafio da martivi. A1. SemiZlia gavigo martivi gavrcelebuli yoveldRiuri

gamonaTqvamebi (Tanxmoba, uaryofa, madlobis gadaxda).

winadadebebis magaliTebi:

- instruqciebi da mimarTulebebi;

- gavrcelebuli yoveldRiuri gamoTqmebi;

- misT.

vizualuri aRqma (kiTxva)

SeuZlia gaigos mokle martivi teqstebi teqstebis ELP-is Sesamowmebeli siis

winadadebebis magaliTebi: magaliTebi skolebis sawyis etapebze:

- instruqciebi da mimarTulebebi; A1. SemiZlia gavigo da mivyve martiv

- korespodencia; direqtivebs gezis gagnebis Tvalsaz-

- misT. risiT (anu quCaSi erTi adgilidan meo-

reze wasvla);

A2. SemiZlia gavigo mokle piraduli

Sinaarsis werili

`Tanamedrove ucxo enebis swavlebis silabusebi

I donis kolejebisTvis~ (agvisto 2005)

funqciaTa am siebisTvis saerTo punqtebi SezRuduli ar aris, magram is-

ini exebian silabusebis sxva komponentebsac.

strategiis ganviTarebas mniSvneloba aqvs dawyebiTi skolidan zeviT. ad-

vili sanaxavia ELP-is deskriptorebs Soris silabusebSi micemuli rekomenda-

ciebis asaxva. aviRoT zepiri interaqtivis magaliTi.

52

silabusebis Sinaarsebsa da CEFR-sa an ELP-s Soris Sesabamisoba, cxadia, moicavs komunikaciur kompetenciasac. silabusebSi agreTve asaxulia gansxvaveba

zepir warmoebasa da zepir interaqtivs Soris.

`kolejSi aucilebelia gamovarCioT da ganvaviTaroT zepiri gamoxatva

misi orive mimarTulebiT (zepiri warmoTqma da zepiri interaqtivi), romelTagan

orive moicavs warmoTqmis situaciebs da SesaZleblobebs; isini unda dafasdes

da Sefasdes maTi interesebidan gamomdinare...~ `Tanamedrove ucxo enebis swavlebis silabusebi I donis kolejebisTvis~ (agvisto 2005)

es yvelaferi iqneboda arasrulyofili da aradamakmayofilebeli, Tu aR-

niSnuli Sesabamisoba ar moicavda gramatikul da leqsikur kompetenciebs. gan-

martebis mixedviT, CEFR-s, romelic yvela enisTvis saerTo meTodikaa, ar

SeuZlia daazustos lingvisturi Sinaarsi, rac aucilebelia enis aqtivobebis

Casatareblad kompetenciis sxvadasxva doneze.

Sesabamisad, damatebiTi aqtivoba unda CaerTos CEFR-Si, kerZod, lingvis-

turi Sinaarsis specifikacia – erTi enis Seswavla meore enis meSveobiT, ro-

melic Seesabameba kompetenciis doneebs. es Sinaarsebi ukve gamoica fran-

gulisTvis (Referentiel pour le FLE, Editions Didier, 2004) da germanulisTvis (Profile deutsch, Langenscheidt, 2005) da mzadebis procesSia sxva evropuli enebisTvis.

specifikaciebi mzaddeba sxvadasxva qveynebidan sxvadasxva eniT

dainteresebuli eqspertebis mier: franguli sazogadoeba belgiaSi, safrangeTi

da frangulad molaparake Sveicariis nawili franguls adgens ucxoelebisaT-

vis da avstria, germania da germanulad molaparake Sveicaria, aseve, germanuls

- ucxoelebisTvis.

germanuli amJamad aris erTaderTi Tanamedrove ucxo ena safrangeTSi, A1 donidan C2 donemde maxasiaTeblebiT, magaliTad, SegviZlia SevadaroT gramati-

kuli Sinaarsebi, romlebic arCeulia Profile Doiche-s avtorebis mier A2 donisT-

vis qveda saSualo skolis 1 donis (A2) silabusebis moTxovnebTan, raSic

Zalian mkacri Sesabamisobaa.

Tanmimdevroba, romliTac fasdeba CEFR-Si skolis sawyisi etapis sila-

busebSi, avtorebs aiZulebs arCevanis gakeTebas. savaraudoa, rom eseni Ti-

Toeuli enisTvis damtkicdeba, rodesac konkretuli detalebi gamoicema.

rogorc CEFR-is procesis mier Seqmnili stimulirebis Sedegi, SegviZlia

visaubroT saerTo Sefasebebis evropuli sivrcis TandaTanobiT damtkicebaze,

magaliTad, rogoricaa erTi enis meore enis meSveobiT Seswavla da ormxrivi

damoukidebloba kompetenciis doneebSi damtkicebuli diplomebiTa da ga-

mocdebiT TiToeul qveyanaSi, saidanac SegviZlia visaubroT kvalifikaciis gan-

viTarebaze moswavleebis doneebis SefasebaSi CEFR-is mixedviT.

yuradRebiani mkiTxveli SeamCnevda am SeniSvnebidan, rom aranairi SeniS-

vna ar gakeTebula skolis damamTavrebeli etapisaTvis (lycee) silabusebze.

amis mizezia is, rom isini mxolod Zalian mcire raodenobis enobriv Sinaarss

moicaven swavlebisTvis. miuxedavad amisa, isini mtkiced afiqsireben kompeten-

ciebis doneebs, romlebic unda iqnes miRweuli `terminaluri~ etapis bolos

CEFR-Tan mimarTebiT. amis gamo maswavleblebi pasuxismgebelni arian, silabuse-

bis mixedviT moswavleebis miRwevebis konsolidirebasa da maTTvis daxmarebis

gawevaze am doneebis misaRwevad. SinaarsiT es agreTve niSnavs mimarTvas CEFR-Si Sesabamisi debulebebisaTvis.

meore mxriv, CEFR-i naTlad ar ganmartavs kulturul Sinaarss, ro-

melic unda gadaices an kulturaTaSorisi kompetenciebis komponentebs, ro-

melic unda SeiZinon. Cven vnaxeT 1 TavSi, rom CEFR-is midgoma am aspeqts moi-cavs, magram ar amuSavebs mas. amis gamo, CEFR-i ar iqneba sakmarisi silabusebis

gansaxorcieleblad maT mTlianobaSi.

53

am Ria SeniSvnebis mizania, dagvanaxos, rom CEFR-i da ELP-i ar aris Tanamedrove enebis silabusebis alternativebi. E es ori meTodi mniSvnelovani

daxmareba iqneba imisaTvis, raTa praqtikulad ganxorcieldes silabusebis enis

swavlebis mimarTulebebi, rogorc formalurad, ise arsobrivad; evropaSi maTi

saerTo pasuxismgeblobis ganxorcielebis TvalsazrisiT aseve didi daxmareba

iqneboda Tanamedrove enebis swavlebasTan da moswavleebis kompetenciis donis

Sefaseba maT mier Setanili wvlilis mixedviT.

meore nawilis sam TavSi xSirad viyenebT gamoTqmebs: `sasurvelia..~, `mas-

wavlebelma unda ...~, àucilebelia...~', da sxva, SezRuduli gamoxatvis formebi.

isini unda ganvixiloT imis asaxvis procesis nawilad, rac Seadgens swavlebis

midgomas, romelic iyenebs CEFR-sa da ELP-s. albaT unda vTxovoT mkiTxvels,

gonebrivad daumatos TiToeul am gamonaTqvams: `Tu maswavlebels surs gamoi-

yenos evropis sabWos meTodebis es Tanmimdevroba~.

54

Tavi 1

CEFR.jt!eb!ELP.jt!hbnpzfofcb!hblwfUjmjt!Dbtbubsfcmbe!

!

CEFR-is gamoyeneba enis gakveTilis Catarebisas da moqmedebis sqemebi,

romelsac miyveba moswavleebis jgufi, upirveles yovlisa, niSnavs sakomuni-

kacio davalebebis maTTan erTad gakeTebuli samuSaos centralur nawilad ga-

mocxadebas. Cven vnaxeT I nawilis me-2 TavSi, Tu ra igulisxmeba zustad CEFR-is `davalebis~ qveS, Tu rogor SeuZliaT maswavleblebs, gaaanalizon saswavlo

marTvis bloki saxelmZRvaneloebSi ise, rom amoicnon warmodgenili davaleba;

Tu rogor SeuZliaT maT am saswavlo masalis amocanebis adaptireba, raTa es

amocanebi ukeT Seesabamebodes maTi klasis konkretul moTxovnebs.

saerTod, swavlebis procesis progresisTvis sasurvelia is wamyvani Zala,

romelic sakmarisad uzrunvelyofili iqneboda TviTSefasebis badiTa da ELP-is Sesamowmebeli siiT. maswavlebels ZiriTadi mimarTulebebis gadawyvetis saSu-

aleba eqneba, romlis gaswvrivac enobrivi kompetenciebi unda ganviTardnen

moswavlis kompetenciis erTi an progresuli Sefasebis da im davalebebis sa-

fuZvelze, romelTa Sesrulebac SeuZliaT maTTvis sasurvel enaze. maswavle-

belTa gundis an maswavleblis pedagogiur arCevanze damokidebulebiT,

SesaZlebeli iqneboda programis Seqmna, romelic jgufis yuradRebas garkveuli

periodiT gaamaxvilebda enobrivi aqtivobebis wyvilze (magaliTad, smeniTi

aRqma da zepiri gamoxatva). es ukeTes xedvas miscemda swavlebis midgomis

miznebsa da miRweul progress, gansakuTrebiT ELP-is meSveobiT. aseTi samuSaos

idealuri pirobebi, ra Tqma unda, aris moswavleTa jgufi, romelsac aqvs ab-

soluturad erTnairi kompetencia. Tumca, Semdegi gverdebis mizania gviCvenos,

rom maswavleblis mier CEFR-isa da ELP-is resursebis gamoyeneba, araTanabari

donis SemTxvevaSic, gvTavazobs garkveul gamosavals.

amis gamo, es Tavi SemogvTavazebs mraval prospeqts, romlebic unda

davicvaT CEFR-isa da ELP-is saswavlo procesSi progresuli CarTvisTvis.

1. sakomunikacio davalebebis SedgenaSi prioritetebis gansazRvra

mravali magaliTis daxmarebiT, yuradReba gavamaxviloT saxelmZRvanelos

meore TavSi SemoTavazebul amocanebze, romlebsac SeuZliaT daakmayofilon

prioritetebis farTo speqtri: prioriteti SeiZleba iyos Tundac strategiebis

ganviTareba, lingvisturi an pragmatuli kompetencia, sociokulturuli codna

da a. S.

mowodebuli enis specifikuri bunebisa da klasis moTxovnebis gaTvalis-

winebiT, maswavleblebs SeuZliaT iseT davalebebze aiRon orientacia, romle-

bic asaxaven sakomunikacio davalebis sxvadasxva komponents Soris arsebul

konkretul problemebs. Tumca, maTTvis sasargeblo iqneba, ar ugulebelyon

arc erTi aspeqti. CEFR-i xazs usvams, rom yvela es komponenti moswavleebis

mier Tanamedrove enis swavlaSi progresis damxmarea.

CEFR-i, rogorc am arCevanTa saxelmZRvanelo, gvTavazobs badeebs, romle-

bic moicaven ramdenime aseT komponents im progresis dasadgenad, rasac yvela

enis maswavlebeli SeiZleba daeyrdnos, magaliTad, strategiis gamomuSavebaSi.

es badeebi gvxvdeba CEFR-is me-4 TavSi, gv. 58-88. magaliTad, Cven gadmoviReT ori

maTgani, 38-e badidan aRebuli evropis sabWos dokumenti:

55

zemoT moyvanili bade zepirmetyvelebis `dagegmvis~ winapirobaa

(prezentacia an aRwera, moxseneba, gancxadeba da misT.). nebismieri maswavlebeli

advilad dainaxavs, rom moyvanili Sefasebebis gamoyeneba daexmareba, advilad

gaarTvas Tavi saxelmZRvaneloSi moyvanil davalebebs an Seqmnan axali da-

valeba. maT mxolod rCevebi unda miscen moswavleebs, Tu rogor miiRon

monawileoba da naTeli gaxadon, Tu ras moelian maTgan davalebis Ses-

rulebisas am badis Sinaarsis safuZvelze.

56

1. 1. klasebsa da swavlebis etapebs Soris uwyvetobis uzrunvelyofa

swavlaSi uwyvetoba aris fundamenturi aucilebloba imisaTvis, rom

moswavleebs progresi daetyoT. Seswavlili enis gamoyenebaSi maTi progresis

gaioleba niSnavs moswavleebisaTvis saSualebis micemas, gamoiyenon maTi arse-

buli miRwevebi axali davalebebisaTvis, romlebic maT moeTxovebaT.

aq isev davalebis azri gamodis wina planze. yuradRebis gamaxvileba sa-

komunikacio kompetenciis erT komponentze, magaliTad, gramatikuli an leqsi-

kuri kompetencia, moswavlisaTvis ufro arTulebs swavlis procesis uwyveto-

bis gacnobierebas. es mniSvnelovani sakiTxi Cven unda vuCvenoT nawyvetiT ing-

lisuri enis saswavlebeli franguli saxelmZRvanelodan dawyebiT skolaSi

saSualo ganaTlebis pirvel wels (sixieme). dawyebiTi skolis damamTavrebeli etapis da sixieme-s Soris uwyvetobis SesaZleblobis ukeTesi maCveneblis mixedviT, SegviZlia vimsjeloT, Tu ra aris

naswavli inglisuris saxelmZRvanelodan, romelic gamoyenebulia dawyebiTi

skolis bolos (Domino & Co., 2005) da davadginoT davalebebi an ganvsazRvroT

situaciebi ELP-is deskriptorebTan SesabamisobaSi.

A1. laparaki sxvasTan

SemiZlia vTqva, vin var, sad davibade, sad vcxovrob da movTxovo igive

informacia sxvas.

SemiZlia vTqva Cemi saxeli;

SemiZlia aso-aso vTqva Cemi saxeli;

SemiZlia vkiTxo sxvas misi saxeli;

SemiZlia vTqva, ras vakeTeb, rogor var da vkiTxo sxvas amis Sesaxeb;

SemiZlia vTqva, rogor var da sxvas vkiTxo, rogor aris is;

SemiZlia warvadgino vinme, mivesalo mas da davemSvidobo;

SemiZlia warvadgino vinme, vTqva misi saxeli;

SemiZlia warvadgino vinme, vTqva misi kavSiri CemTan (naTesavi,

megobari);

SemiZlia vikiTxo sxvisi saxeli;

SemiZlia gamoviyeno martivi, CemTvis nacnobi gamoTqmebi;

SemiZlia gamovxato madloba;

SemiZlia mivuloco dabadebis dRe;

SemiZlia sxvas mivuloco axali weli;

SemiZlia martivad vesaubro xalxs, visac vicnob da sxvas davusva

kiTxvebi;

SemiZlia aRvniSno sxvisi Tviseba an xasiaTi;

SemiZlia aRvwero sxva;

SeiZlia vTqva ramis feri;

SemiZlia vupasuxo martiv pirad kiTxvebs da davsva msgavsi kiTxvebi;

SemiZlia vTqva, Tu raime tyuilia an marTali;

SemiZlia aRvwero amindi;

SemiZlia vTqva, Tu ris gakeTeba SemiZlia;

SemiZlia vTqva, ris gakeTeba miyvars da risa – ara;

SemiZlia vkiTxo sxvas ris gakeTeba uyvars da risa _ ara;

SemiZlia daTvla, raodenobebis aRniSnva, drois gamoxatva;

SemiZlia 12-mde daTvla;

SemiZlia mimateba, gamokleba da martivi gayofis Sesruleba;

SemiZlia telefonis nomris micema;

SemiZlia Cemi asakis Tqma da sxvisTvis imaves kiTxva;

SemiZlia warvudgino an SevTavazo vinmes rame;

SemiZlia vTxovo vinmes rame;

57

SemiZlia visaubro Sexvedrebze, magaliTad, sityva `Semdegis~ gamoyene-

biT: `Semdeg kviras~, `gasul paraskevs~, `noemberSi~, `sam saaTze~.

SemiZlia vTqva, ra dRea, ra dRe iyo guSin da ra dRe iqneba

xval.

A1 mosmena da gageba

SemiZlia gavigo martivi instruqciebi da informacia.

SemiZlia klasSi samuSao instruqciebi gavigo;

SemiZlia gavigo nacnobi gamoTqmebi (misalmeba, madloba, sau-

keTeso survilebiT da misT.).

A1 sametyevlo produqti

SemiZlia winadadebebis ageba Semdegi sityvebis gamoyenebiT: `da~, `ma-

gram~, `Semdeg~

SemiZlia aRvwero Cemi ojaxi;

SemiZlia vTqva, ra cxovelebi myavs;

SemiZlia winadadebebi avago `da~-s gamoyenebiT.

A1 wera

SemiZlia gavimeoro sityvebi, mokle winadadebebi, martivi instru-

qciebi Secdomebis daSvebis gareSe;

SemiZlia Sevavso ganacxadis forma Cemi saxelis, asakis da misamarTis

miTiTebiT.

es CamonaTvali gvTavazobs ramdenime meTods Sesrulebuli samuSaos sak-

mao uwyvetobis uzrunvelsayofad, risTvisac moswavleebs eZlevaT saSualeba

gamoiyenon am situaciebsa da davalebebTan dakavSirebuli codna da gaam-

didron maT mflobelobaSi myofi gamoxatvisa da gagebis saSualebebi. Tumca es

ori aspeqti Semdgom unda ganvixiloT.

upirveles yovlisa, Sesrulebuli amocanis uwyvetoba. pirveli nawilis

me-2 Tavma gviCvena, rom amocanis ganmsazRvrel parametrebSi gare situacia

TamaSobs rols, romelic mniSvnelovania enis Seswavlis adreul etapebze.

imisTvis, raTa namdvili uwyvetobis saSualeba iyos dawyebiT skolasa da sixieme -s Soris, amis gamo, mniSvnelovani iqneboda yuradReba dagveTmo im situaciebis

uwyvetobisTvis, romlebSic davalebebi moswavleebis mier unda Sesruldes.

58

magaliTisaTvis, modiT, aviRoT sakomunikacio davaleba sax-

elmZRvaneloebSi - `winadadebis daTanxmeba an uaryofa~, romelic aris dawye-

biTi skolis saswavlo savarjiSos Tema da is Setanilia saSualo skolis

pirveli wlis da vnaxoT, Tu aris is warmodgenili dawyebiTi skolis sax-

elmZRvaneloSi.

dawyebiT skolaSi am saxelmZRvanelosTan momuSave moswavleebs amis gamo

naswavli aqvT Sedgenili winadadebis gageba martivi formiT da maTze `diax~ da

àra~-s pasuxi. ras naxaven Semdegi wlis germanul saxelmZRvaneloebSi pirveli

wlis saSualo skolisTvis?

59

amocana dakavSirebulia imave enobriv funqciasTan, magram iRebs Zalian

gansxvavebul formas. aq moswavleebma unda gaigon winadadeba, romelic

izolirebul mesame mxares dialogSi ramdenime urTierTgacvlis TanxlebiT

SesTavazes. maT unda daadginon es mxareebi _ miiReben Tu uaryofen am wi-

nadadebas.

ufro metic, martivi forma “willst du…?~ ar gamoiyeneba. gamoTqma Seicavs

ufro rTul lingvistur formebs (rogoricaa `machst du mit?/gern/klar/das geht nicht/…~).

uwyvetobis interesebidan gamomdinare, germanelma maswavleblebma, rom-

lebsac moswavleebi hyavT TavianT klasebSi da muSaobdnen dawyebiTi skolis

zemoT aRniSnuli saxelmZRvaneloTi, amis gamo unda gamoiyenon am sax-

elmZRvaneloSi warmodgenili aqtivobebi `willst du…?~ formis uSualod gamoyene-

bis meSveobiT, vidre ar gamdidrdeba moswavlis gamoTqmebi maT sax-

elmZRvaneloebSi moyvanili kidev sxva lingvisturi formebiT. ra Tqma unda,

savsebiT SesaZlebelia, rom pirveli wlis saSualo skolis klasi Sedgeba sxva

saSualo skolebis moswavleebisgan, romlebsac ar umuSaviaT am sax-

elmZRvaneloze. am SemTxvevaSi maswavleblebs SeuZliaT gadawyviton, kiTxviT

mimarTon uSualod moswavleebs, romlebsac miaCniaT, rom daZleven am ga-

moTqmebs. es midgoma, rogorc Cans, gaioldeba, Tu sxvadasxva parametris masala

mowodebuli iqneba, ase vTqvaT, `napralis amovsebiT~ dawyebiT da saSualo

skolas Soris.

axla unda avirCioT SemTxveviTi davaleba, romelic gvxvdeba dawyebiTi

skolis inglisuris saxelmZRvaneloSi da SevadaroT imave enis saSualo sko-

lis pirveli wlisas.

60

amocana identuria. is moicavs gamonaTqvams, Tu rogori amindia. situacia

Zalian msgavsia: amindis prognozis mosmena Sesabamisi informaciis maCvenebeli

rukis gamoyenebiT; mokle amindis prognozis dawera ramdenime qalaqis an

qveynisaTvis. gansxvavebebi exeba leqsikur elementebs (oTxi dawyebiTi skolis

saxelmZRvanelos 3 etapze, me-11 saSualo skolis pirveli wlis sax-

elmZRvaneloSi), amindis rukis mier mocul sferoebs (pirvel SemTxvevaSi -

didi britaneTi da meoregan – kontinenturi evropa). amis gamo ori sax-

elmZRvanelo uzrunvelyofs uwyvetobas, miT umetes, rom saSualo skolis

pirveli wlis maswavleblebma unda ganaaxlon moswavlis codna maTTvis mokle

winaswar davalebebis micemiT, rac SesaZlebelia klasSive Sesruldes.

am Sedarebebidan SeiZleba gamovitanoT Semdegi daskvnebi: SecdomaSi Sey-

vana iqneboda enis funqciebis farglebSi uwyvetobaze gvefiqra (am SemTxvevaSi

winadadebis miReba an uaryofa imis aRniSvniT, Tu rogori amindia) an Tundac

ELP-is deskriptorebis saTaurebis safuZvelze. maswavleblebma naTlad unda

gamoikvlion situaciebi, romlebsac moicavs davalebebi da Tuki saWiro

gaxdeba, moaxdinon maTi adaptireba, raTa im situaciebSi moswavleebisTvis

TvalsaCino uwyvetoba miiRon. isini unda Seecadon, erTi mxriv, moswavleebs

miscen saSualeba, gamoiyenon maTi dawyebiTi saskolo miRwevebi da, meore mxriv,

gaamdidron am davalebis Sesasrulebeli maTTvis xelmisawvdomi enobrivi re-

sursebi.

1. 2. xelmisawvdomi lingvisturi resursebis gamdidreba

dawyebiT skolasa da saSualo skolis pirvel wels Soris uwyvetobis am

orma magaliTma gamoavlina sxva mniSvnelovani sakiTxi (winadadebis miReba an

uaryofa; amindis aRwera), pirveli ori wlis saxelmZRvanelo amdidrebs

moswavleTaTvis xelmisawvdom lingvistur saxesxvaobebs.

61

ra Tqma unda, rogorc Cven es vnaxeT I nawilis me-3 TavSi, davaleba da-

kavSirebulia kompetenciis donis TviTSefasebis badesTan da es kavSiri unda

iqnes gaTvaliswinebuli SefasebaSi. miuxedavad amisa, ra Tqma unda,

mniSvnelovania ganvagrZoT kompetenciis da codnis ganviTareba, rac sasarge-

bloa am davalebis Sesasruleblad. aqedan gamomdinare, imisaTvis, rom es amo-

cana Sesruldes, iq, sadac warmodgenili iqneba romelime maTganis Sesatyvisoba,

miviCnevT, rom, moswavleebs A1 doneze SeuZliaT martivi gamoTqmebis Sedgena,

magaliTad, `Cemi saxelia~ Ìch hei?e…~ or `Me llamo…~, magram unda iyos

mcdeloba, maT saSualeba mieceT, SeiZinon sxva enobrivi resursebi da ga-

moTqmebi, Tundac `Cemi saxelia~-s Tqma aRar aRiqmebodes A1 donis zeviT Sesas-

rulebel amocanad.

modiT, vnaxoT, am argumentis ilustracia inglisur saxelmZRvaneloSi

saSualo skolis sabazo safexuris mesame wels. davalebis pirveli nawili

Sedgeba frazisagan, magram gamoyenebuli lingvisturi resursebi ufro metadaa

damuSavebuli, vidre es moeTxoveba A1-dones, dones, romlisTvisac kompetenciis

deskriptori (ELP kolejebisaTvis) warmodgenilia ase: `SemiZlia vTqva, ras

vakeTeb, rogor var da sxvasac vkiTxo, rogor aris~.

azri seriozulad damaxinjdeboda, rom gvefiqra: CEFR-isa da ELP-is Sesamowmebeli siiT progresis Sesabamisad àmocaniT xelmZRvaneloba~ av-

tomaturad daadgenda amocanasa da misaReb lingvistur resurss Soris kavSirs.

Cven vnaxeT, rom aseTi pirdapiri urTierTdamokidebuleba ar arsebobs strate-

giaSi moswavleebis mier aTvisebuli kompetenciis donis Sesafaseblad. miuxeda-

vad amisa, swavlebisa da swavlisaTvis es ar niSnavs imis sapirispiros, rom

yvela tipis davalebis Sesruleba ar SeiZleboda, rom gaumjobesebuliyo komu-

nikaciuri kompetenciis zrdis pirdapirproporciulad.

62

2. enobrivi aqtivobebis dadgena micemuli davalebebis mixedviT

rogorc wesi, enis saxelmZRvaneloebi sxvadasxva formebiT gamoyenebul

enis aqtivobebs Seicaven.

enobrivi aqtivobebis sia mowodebulia qvemoT moyvanil nawyvetSi, romlis

mixedviT xorcieldeba mecadineoba saSualo skolis damamTavrebel etapze (ly-cees) inglisuris saxelmZRvanelodan moyvanili swavlebis blokis dasawyisSi.

Cven iq vkiTxulobT, rom dgindeba xuTi gansxvavebuli aqtivoba (smeniTi aRqma,

vizualuri aRqma, zepiri interaqtivi, zepiri metyveleba da weriTi gamoxatva)

saxelmZRvaneloSi erT-erTi teqstis gamoyenebisas.

v

qvemoT moyvanili espanuris saxelmZRvanelo agreTve gamoarCevs dokumen-

tis nawilobrivi komentirebisadmi miZRvnil sxvadasxva enobriv aqtivobebs: Sem-

degi nawyveti moicavs zepiri interaqtivis magaliTebs (muSaoba patara

jgufebSi), zepiri metyveleba da weriTi gamoxatva.

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aq aRvniSnavT `saubarSi monawileobis miRebas~ da `zepir metyvelebas~

Soris gansxvavebis Taobaze zogad warmodgenas.

amas mivyavarT jer kidev naklebad gamoyenebuli meore gzis aRiarebamde,

romelic sxvadasxva enis aqtivobebis dakavSirebas gulisxmobs wignis progre-

sis mixedviT, kerZod, moswavlis kompetenciis fokusireba erT an or enobriv

aqtivobaSi.

udavoa, rom germanul saxelmZRvaneloSi enis aqtivobaze aqcentireba ar

niSnavs, rom sxva aqtivobebi imave gverdidan ugulebelyofilia. saqme exeba

mxolod miznebisTvis prioritetis micemas, kompetenciis zrdasa da Sesabamisi

enis aqtivobis Sefasebas. erT mTlianobad samuSaoSi CarTvis grZnoba, savarau-

dod, gazrdis moswavleebis motivacias.

3. sakomunikacio davalebebiT erTiani mimarTulebis SemoTavazeba

1-li nawilis me-2 TavSi ukve aRvniSneT, rodesac swavlebis aqtivobebis

safrTxe momdinareobs Warbi davalebebidan, is saswavlo procesis mimdinareo-

bis mTlianobasa da mniSvnelobas uqmnis safrTxes. qvemoT Cven vnaxavT, rom

ELP-is Sesamowmebeli siis erT-erTi roli saswavlo midgomis erTianobas

ufro naTels unda xdides. es damokidebuleba igrZnoba mTel sax-

elmZRvaneloSi. `saxelmZRvanelos amocana~ sruliad Seesabameba erTianobis

problemas da kompetenciis TandaTanobiT zrdas.

am ganacxadis saCveneblad unda aviRoT sami Zalze gansxvavebuli ma-

galiTi.

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es naxevari gverdi swavlebis meqanizmia, romelic aRwers demonstra-

ciisas fotografis reaqcias da igi dawerilia sagazeTo statiaSi, romelic

gamoica 2004 wels gazeTSi El Pais. am saxelmZRvaneloSi vxedavT klasis aqtivo-

bis saerTo Tanmimdevrulobas, romelic moicavs am wyaros klasis mier gamo-

yenebas: Suamavlis mier Sinaarsis moxsenebasa (Comprender y presentar) da Semdeg amaze saubars (Expresarse). teqstze muSaobis pirvel nawilSi moswavleebs mie-

wodebaT mkacri instruqcia, rom waikiTxon teqstSi arsebuli es specifikuri

pasaJi, romelic pirdapirproporciulia maTTvis miwodebuli leqsikuri mara-

gisa (sasaubro leqsikonis gamoyeneba). yvelaferi mTliandeba da TandaTanobiTi

koleqtiurad yalibdeba logikuri komentarebi.

65

zemoT moyvanili inglisuris saxelmZRvanelo moqmedebs sruliad

gansxvavebulad. swavlebis es meTodi miznad isaxavs teqstis nawyvetis gamoyene-

bas msaxiob sidni poiteris biografiidan. saxelmZRvanelo organizebas ukeTebs

gakveTilis Catarebas sam ZiriTad etapad:

- teqstis gageba da wyaroebze dayrdnobiT misi momzadeba. sidni poiteris

mokle biografia gadmocemulia teqstis dasawyisSi (1-11 striqonebi) da am msax-

iobze garkveuli informaciis dadgenis saSualebas iZleva;

66

- samuSao situaciebi teqstis ori nawilisaTvis (striqonebi 12-dan 18-mde

da Semdeg 19-dan teqstis bolomde): es samuSao instruqciebi davalebis gagebas

da gamoxatvas moicavs, koleqtiur gamoxatvas jgufis mier da ufro metad _

individualur zepir producirebas (gasameorebeli Tavi);

- davalebis samuSaos gagrZeleba, axsna da komentarebi teqstis Sinaarsze

TargmniTi da weriTi gamoxatvis aqtivobebiT.

zemoT naxsenebi espanuri saxelmZRvaneloebisagan gansxvavebiT, swavlebis

midgomaSi aRar aris arc erTi erTeuli: gamoyenebulia samuSao teqstisgan

gansxvavebuli dokumenti da moswavleebisaTvis moTxovnili aqtivoba sakmaod

Secvlilia. Tumca erTianoba naTeli gaxda ori mniSvnelovani faqtoriT. yve-

laferi xels uwyobs erTi da imave teqstis gamoyenebas. Sesrulebuli enobrivi

aqtivobebis Tanmimdevruloba iyenebs midgomas, romelic yvela moswavlisaTvis

aris gasagebi: informaciis moZieba da gacvlebi, Sualeduri Tanmimdevruloba

da Semdeg piradi reaqciebi da, sabolood, teqstisgan daSoreba sxva enaze

gadasvliT da gamoTqmebis individualizaciiT teqstSi aRwerili situaciis

Sesaxeb.

qvemoT moyvanili germanuli saxelmZRvanelodan nawyvetebi uCvenebs, rom

`bilikis~ idea SesaZlebelia iRebdes wina ori wignisagan Zalian gansxvavebul

formebs.

67

68

rogorc inglisurisa da espanuris saxelmZRvaneloebSi, es gverdebic

gvTavazoben sqemas moswavleebisTvis. biliks isini sxvadasxva dokumentebTan

dakavSirebul davalebebamde mihyavs. mocemuli sakomunikacio davalebebi yvela

am Tavis dasawyisSi Camoyalibebul problemas exeba, kerZod, ra pirobebs unda

akmayofilebdes, rom kargad airCion moswavleTa warmomadgeneli? rogorc sax-

elmZRvanelos 1-li nawilis me-2 TavSi aRiniSna, yvela am davalebas Soris er-

Tianoba miiReba maTi koleqtiuri wvlilidan koleqtiur Ziebamde sawyisi kiTx-

viT. Cven aq garkveuli tipis scenari gvaqvs, romelSic sxvadasxvagvari wyaro

da sxvadasxva enobrivi aqtivoba asocirdeba Ziebis procesSi warmodgenili

saerTo davalebis Sesrulebis WrilSi.

SesaZlebelia SevniSnoT sxva mniSvnelovani gansxvaveba am da or sxva

saxelmZRvanelos Soris:

- situaciebi, romlebic iqmneba am davalebebisTvis, saTaves iReben

moswavleebis yoveldRiur realobaSi (rolisa da moswavlis mier ar-

Ceuli warmomadgenlis idealuri profilis dadgena), da moswavleebs

moeTxovebaT, Seasrulon es davalebebi piradad an rogorc skolis

sazogadoebis wevrebma;

- enis gagebis TiToeuli aqtivoba gamoiyeneba specifikuri dokumentis

daxmarebiT (smeniTi aRqma germanel moswavleebTan interviuebis saxiT,

vizualuri aRqma plakatis da bukletis wasakiTxad, romlebic

moswavleTa warmomadgenlobis ofisis kandidatebis mier gaicema).

3. 1. moswavleebisaTvis saSualebis micema, raTa davalebebis

mniSvneloba aRiqvan maT progresTan SesabamisobaSi

Tanmimdevrulobis Ziebas, romelic warmodgenilia yvela magaliTSi,

mniSvnelovnad exmareba ELP-is gamoyeneba. moswavleebis avtonomiis ganviTareba or ZiriTad safuZvels moicavs:

TviTSefasebis swavla da aqtiuri monawileoba Semswavlelebis gadawyvetile-

bebSi maTi swavlis mimarTulebebis Sesaxeb, rogorc maswavleblis, ise moswav-

lis rolebis dacviT.

es farTod gavrcelebuli saswavlo miznebia, romlebic amJamad nawilo-

briv aisaxeba saswavlo praqtikasa da saxelmZRvaneloebSi. CEFR ar warmoadgens am mimarTulebis cvlilebas, aramed maswavleblebs awvdis Zalian sasargeblo

meTodebs maTi qmedebis am mimarTulebiT gasaZliereblad.

CEFR-is erT-erTi umTavresi damsaxurebaa moswavleebisTvis saSualebis

micema, daanaxon TavianTi kompetenciebis zrda konkretulad Sesrulebuli

swavlebis ganmavlobaSi da maTi progresis monitoringi maswavleblis mier.

am mizniT, maswavlebelma unda izrunos, moswavlesTan erTad Seafasos

Sesrulebuli samuSao Sesamowmebeli ELP siis gamoyenebiT. Sesamowmebeli siebi

deskriptorebze orientirebis kompetenciis dones qmnian, im pirobiT, rom mas-

wavlebeli pativs scems CEFR-is mier nakarnaxev progress. am orientirebis mi-zania, moswavleebs xeli Seuwyos sxvadasxva aqtivobaSi dasmuli davalebebis

meSveobiT miRwevebis Sefasebas.

am meTodis maqsimalurad gamoyenebis yvelaze Sesaferisi swavlebis me-

Todi SefasebisTvis saswavlo erTeulis an erTeulebis Semdeg regularuli

intervalebis gamoyofa da Catarebuli davalebebis Sesabamisad deskriptorebis

dadgenis mcdelobaa. aman, SesaZlebelia, mocemuli aqtivobebis azri da

daniSnuleba moswavleebisaTvis naTeli gaxados.

ufro metic, am Sesamowmebeli siebis regularul gamoyenebas upiratesoba

aqvs gakveTilis Catarebis saerTo Tanmimdevrulobis gamowvevis TvalsazrisiT,

69

romelic SesaZloa xandaxan dazaraldes am mimarTebiT aSkara deficitis gamo.

`davalebebis mqone saxelmZRvanelos~ erT-erTi yvelaze Cveulebrivi kritika

aris, rogorc es zemoT vnaxeT, swavlebis erTeulis aqtivobebad dayofis riski,

maT Soris raime aSkara kavSiris gareSe. agreTve davinaxeT, rom arsebobs am

riskis Semcirebis saSualebebic. maswavleblisa da moswavlisaTvis Zalian

efeqturia ELP-is Sesamowmebel siasTan regularuli konsultacia: es moswav-

leebs arwmunebs, rom davalebebi ar aris maswavleblis an saxelmZRvanelos av-

toris arsebuli an SemTxveviTi arCevanis Sedegi, aramed isini arian specifi-

kuri donis kompetenciis nagebobis saSeni blokebi.

ra Tqma unda, efeqturobis saWiroeba varaudobs, rom Sesamowmebel sieb-

Tan muSaoba adaptirebulia moswavleebis asakTan da sakmaod xSirad moswav-

leebis gonebaSia CabeWdili da mas seriozulad unda mivudgeT, magram arc ise

xSiria, rom Tavidan Sesrulebul davalebebSi aviciloT realuri progresi.

bolo aspeqti gadamwyveti mniSvnelobisaa da miuTiTebs Tanamedrove ene-

bis erT-erT sirTuleze: dro, romelic saWiroa moswavlis erTi kompetenciis

donidan Semdeg doneze gadasayvanad, xandaxan Zalian xangrZlivia, rac ganpi-

robebulia pedagogiuri aucileblobiT, rom aRiniSnos namdvili progresi,

raTa moswavleebs swavlis motivacia mieceT.

ufro metic, CEFR (gv. 17) mogviwodebs enobrivi kvalificiurobis donee-

bisa da skalebis gardaqmnis winaaRmdeg, rogoricaa A1 da C2, TiTqos es aris

sworxazovani sazomi, saxazavis msgavsad. gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom B1-dan B2-ze gadasvlisTvis saWiroa enasTan gatarebuli ufro meti dro da bevrad metis

daufleba, vidre A2-dan B1-ze, iseve rogorc gadasvla A2-dan B1-ze aris

udavod ufro Zneli, vidre A1-dan A2-ze. erTi donidan Semdegze gadasvla moi-

cavs àqtivobebis, unarebisa da enebis speqtris gafarToebas~.

es aris mizezi, ris gamoc CEFR gvirCevs, rom doneebis skala unda

Seicvalos Sualeduri doneebis SeqmniT da mravali magaliTi mohyavs. qvemoT

moyvanil aslSi avtorebi ganixilaven dawyebiTi skolisa da saSualo skolis

pirveli etapis SemTxvevas, romelSic moswavleebis doneebi moiTxovs A2 kate-goriis diferenciacias.

kompetenciis donis aRweris daxvewis SesaZlebloba miRebulia, magali-

Tad, frangul ELP-Si liceumisTvis. kompetenciis doneebi faqtobrivad

ukavSirdeba moswavleTa udides ricxvs, anu doneebi A2-dan B1-mde warmoadgens sam Sualedur etaps TiToeuli enobrivi aqtivobisTvis, rogorc es naCvenebia

auraluri aRqmis magaliTiT:

A2 done gansazRvrulia CEFR-Si TviTSefasebis badis mixedviT:

SemiZlia gavigo frazebi da xSirad gamoyenebuli leqsikoni, romelic da-

kavSirebulia yvelaze uSualo pirad kavSirebTan (anu ZiriTadi personaluri

da informacia ojaxis Sesaxeb, sayidlebi, garemo, dasaqmeba). SemiZlia ZiriTadi

ideebis daWera mokle, mkafio, martiv Setyobinebebsa da gancxadebebSi.

70

igive done:

A2-1, rodesac molaparake Segnebulad iyenebs TiTqmis gamonaklis sity-

vebsa da gamoTqmebs, romelic me unda mcodnoda....

SemiZlia gavigo...

A2-2, rodesac metyveli iyenebs martiv winadadebebs yoveldRiur sagnebze

salaparakod, radgan man icis, rom is elaparakeba imas, vinc swavlobs enas...

SemiZlia gavigo...

A2-3, rodesac molaparake mimarTavs farTo audiencias CemTvis nacnob Te-

mebze, Tumca sakmaod mokle da martivi winadadebebis gamoyenebiT....

SemiZlia gavigo...

B1 done ganisazRvreba TviTSefasebis badis mixedviT: SemiZlia gavigo

mTavari azrebi mkafio standartuli saubridan nacnob sakiTxebze, romlebic

regularulad gvxvdeba samsaxurSi, skolaSi, dasvenebisas da misT. SemiZlia ga-

vigo ZiriTadi azrebi radio da satelevizio gadacemebis programebis umravle-

sobaSi mimdinare movlenebze an piradi da profesiuli interesis Temebze, rode-

sac gadmocema SedarebiT neli da mkafioa. es B1 done ELP-is mixedviT aris 15

wlis asakisTvis da zeviT.

B1-1, rodesac mosaubre mkafiod warmoadgens sakuTar Tavs standartul

enaze da ar laparakobs Zalian grZlad (daaxloebiT ori-sami wuTi).

SemiZlia gavigo...

B1-2, rodesac metyveli warmoadgens sakuTar Tavs sakmaod vrcel Temebze,

romlebic dakavSirebulia silabusTan an yoveldRiur cxovrebasTan...

SemiZlia gavigo...

B1-3, rodesac vusmen radios an televizors Temebze, romlebic da-

kavSirebulia silabusTan an yoveldRiur cxovrebasTan...

SemiZlia gavigo...

TiToeuli am eqvsi Sualeduri donisaTvis es ELP warmoadgens specifi-kur deskriptorebs: B1-1, rodesac molaparake gamoxatavs sakuTar Tavs mkafiod

standartul enaze da ar saubrobs Zalian didxans (daaxloebiT ori-sami wuTi).

• SemiZlia gavigo naTqvami CemTvis nacnob da yoveldRiur sxvadasxva

Temaze, mokle daskvnebis CaTvliT; magaliTad, Zalian mokled Seva-

jamo prezentacia saganze silabusSi an yoveldRiuri cxovrebis

aspeqtSi, mocemuli werilis megobris an asistentis mier an Canaweris

daxmarebiT;

• SemiZlia gavigo radios axali ambebis ZiriTadi azri, biuletenebi da

martivi werilobiTi dokumentebi; magaliTad, gavigo informaciis

ZiriTad punqtebze ZiriTadi azri (statiebi, gadmocemuli movlenebi,

informaciis mniSvnelovneba...

• SemiZlia vrclad gavigo sxvebis mier dakavebuli pozicia diskusiaSi

im Temebze, romlebic kargad vici; magaliTad, gamovicno ori inter-

viudan Tu romeli iziarebs warmomdgenis mier gadmocemul erTsa da

imave azrs;

• SemiZlia gavigo faqtobrivi informacia da gamovicno ZiriTadi Setyo-

binebebi da detalebis punqtebi. magaliTad, Tu molaparake asaxelebs

mniSvnelovan faqts an uCvenebs mas detalebSi.

amgvarad, advilia moswavlis progresis gamoxatva konkretuli formiT.

SesaZlebelia, igive gakeTdes garkveuli analogiiT sportis, daTvis belebis,

fantelebis, varskvlavebis, TxilamurebiT srialis, an ZiudoSi yviTeli, mwvane,

cisferi qamrebisa da misT. gamoyenebiT.

71

3. 2. uSualo kavSiris Semqna saklaso oTaxis situaciasa da

ELP deskriptorebs Soris

kompetenciebis doneTa es dayofa Sualedur etapebad ar iyo miRebuli

ELP-Si dawyebiTi skolebisa da sabazo safexurisTvis (colleges). Tumca, Sesabamisi

midgoma SesaZlebelia gamoiyenebodes maswavlebelTa nebismieri gundisTvis.

meore midgoma aris is, romelic sakmaod exmareba zemoT moyvanils da

romelic SesaZlebelia gamoviyenoT gundur muSaobaSi an, magaliTad, servis-

treningSi. es ar moicavs progresis amocnobas sxvadasxva deskriptoris mixed-

viT, aramed moicavs maTi damatebiTi situaciebis rigs, romlebSic moswavleebi

xelmZRvaneloben deskriptorebSi aRniSnuli davalebebis Sesrulebis Zalian

konkretuli saSualebebiT. moswavleebisaTvis situaciebis es sia uSualo da

naTel kavSirs amyarebs ELP-is Sesamowmebel siasa da maT mier miRebul codnas

Soris.

magaliTis saxiT unda aRvniSnoT Sroma, romelic Caatara Bas-Rhin-is in-

speqtoratis Tanamedrove enebis swavlebis xelmZRvanelebma maTi partniorTan

Haut-Rhin-sTan da Alsace-is skolebis maswavleblebTan axlo TanamSromlobiT ELP -is dawyebiT skolebSi muSaobis dasaxmareblad. A1 donis yoveli deskriptor-

isTvis avtorebma CamoTvales konkretuli situaciebi, romlebic moswavleebma

gamoscades. situaciis deskiptorebis Sesabamisi monakveTebi Seesabameba

sxvadasxva SesaZlo enebs, regionuli enis CaTvliT, romelzec laparakoben

moswavlis garemocvaSi.

swavlebis TvalsazrisiT es midgoma Zalian perspeqtiulia, im pirobiT,

rom acilebulia sakmao siaxlove gagonil an warmoTqmul gamonaTqvamebTan

imisTvis, rom gonebriv Targmans ar SevuwyoT xeli. aman SeiZleba ganapirobos

koleqtiuri maswavleblebis gundis, an individualuri maswavleblis mier enis

klasebSi Seqmnili situaciebis, gamoyenebuli saxelmZRvaneloebis, specifikuri

proeqtebis da swavlebis garemos konkretuli maxasiaTeblebis asaxva. Ti-

Toeuli kompetenciis donisTvis maswavleblebs SeuZliaT situaciebi daakavSi-

ron Sesamowmebeli siis deskriptorebTan. es SeniSvnebi SesaZlebelia gamoi-

yenon, magaliTad, sakvalifikacio ganaTlebaSi da savaraudo gacvlebSi, tren-

ingis periodebSi da sazRvargareT vizitebisas, iseve, rogorc es mocemulia ar-

alintgvistur ganaTlebaSi, mag. safrangeTSi, orenovan sqemebSi, evropul an

aziur-enobriv seqciebSi da sxva saerTaSoriso seqciebSi.

A1 - mosmena da gageba

deskriptori: SemiZlia martivi instruqciebis gageba

situaciebi:

mesmis, roca mTxoven Cemi savarjiSo wigni

an saxelmZRvanelo gadavSalo gv....

mesmis, roca mTxoven gamovide dafasTan

mesmis, roca gameorebas mTxoven

mesmis, roca mTxoven vilaparako ufro

xmamaRla an ufro nela

72

mesmis, roca mTxoven gadaviRo sityva

an winadadeba ganmeorebiT

mesmis, roca mTxoven wavikiTxo nawyveti

mesmis, roca mTxoven gamovWra suraTi

mesmis, roca dokumentis gakvras mTxoven

mesmis, roca mTxoven winadadeba davasrulo,

Sevajamo da misT.

mesmis, roca mTxoven Cemi nivTebi gadavdo

mesmis, roca mTxoven yuradReba gavamaxvilo

samuSao dokumenti, Bas-Rhin Academic Inspectorate

Zalian sasargeblo iqneboda TanamSromloba enis da enisagan gansxvave-

buli disciplinebis maswavleblebs Soris, rogorc maTTvis, aseve moswavlee-

bisaTvis, raTa gamovlindes enis im situaciebis gamoyeneba, romelsac moswav-

leebi Tavad gamocdian, asruleben davalebebis saxiT da romlebic SesaZlebe-

lia dakavSirebuli iyos enis kompetenciis doneebTan.

amis gamo aq warmodgenil midgomaSi, CEFR-sa da Tanamedrove enis swav-

las Soris kavSiri adgens Semdeg formas: globaluri skala A1: nacnobi

yoveldRiuri gamoTqmebis gageba da gamo-

yeneba da umTavresi frazebi, romlebic

gamiznulia konkretuli tipis moTxov-

nilebebis dasakmayofileblad [....] gv.

CEFR, gv. 24

TviTSefasebis A1 bade - mosmena: SemiZlia

gamovicno nacnobi sityvebi da Zalian

nacnobi frazebi Cemi, Cemi ojaxisa da

uSualo konkretuli garemos Sesaxeb,

roca xalxi laparakobs nela da gark-

veviT.

CEFR, gv. 26

ELP deskriptori SemiZlia gavigo martivi miTiTebebi da

informacia.

situaciebi:

mesmis, roca mTxoven gadavSalo Cemi

savarjiSos an saxelmZRvanelos wigni

....gverdze.

mesmis, roca meubnebian, gamovide

dafasTan.

mesmis, roca mTxoven gavimeoro.

mesmis, roca meubnebian, gavimeoro

zustad sityva an winadadeba xelmeo-

red.

mesmis, roca mTxoven nawyvetis wakiTxvas;

mesmis, roca mTxoven gamovWra suraTi;

mesmis, roca mTxoven Cavakra dokumenti;

mesmis, roca mTxoven davasrulo winadadeba, Sevajamo da a. S.

mesmis, roca mTxoven davmalo Cemi nivTebi;

mesmis, roca mTxoven yuradRebiT viyo.

73

es kavSiri SesaZlebelia aRmoCndes rTuli, magram es mxolod

zedapiruli STabeWdilebaa.

is xels uwyobs maswavleblebs, kritikulad Seafason davalebebi,

romlebsac isini moiTxoven moswavleebisagan da, amasTanave, im davalebebis

Semadgenloba CEFR-is doneebTan SesabamisobaSi. es maT saSualebas aZlevs,

Seusabamon CEFR-is gamoyeneba saxelmZRvaneloebs. is Tavidan aacilebs

zedmetad moWarbebul Sexedulebas moswavleebs Soris, rom saklaso aqtivobebi

araefeqturi an uazroa da Sesamowmebel siebTan da TviTSefasebis badesTan

kavSirebiT am aqtivobebs konkretul mniSvnelobas aniWebs.

3. 3. moswavleebis xelSewyoba komunikaciur

amocanebSi maTi warmatebis dasadgenad

ELP-is deskriptorebis gamoyenebiT gakeTebuli Sefasebebis erTi

problema exeba mniSvnelovan gansxvavebas am davalebebSi moTxovnil jgufur da

individualur warmatebas Soris. swavlis periodis Semdeg Sefaseba saSualebas

unda aZlevdes moswavleebs, erTi mxriv, darwmundnen enis swavliT miRweuli

koleqtiuri progresis Sesaxeb da, meore mxriv, aseve darwmundnen

individualur safuZvelze maTi nawilobriv Tu srul, SemTxveviT Tu

regularul warmatebaze sakomunikacio davalebebis SesrulebaSi. isini iyeneben

am informacias sakuTari swavlis miznebis dasagegmad.

aq maswavleblis daxmareba gadamwyvetia. magaliTad, mxolod maswavle-

bels SeuZlia moswavles gaaTvaliswinebinos balansi saubris Seqmnasa da mis

ganviTarebas Soris. mxolod maswavlebels SeuZlia moswavles aswavlos, raTa

ar aurios erTjeradi warmateba im unarTan, romliTac am davalebis Ses-

ruleba sxvadasxva situaciebSi SeeZleba. ELP dabali saSualo skolisaTvis

mxars uWers am Temebis asaxvas ramdenime `smails~ Soris arCevanis SemoTavaze-

biT:

Cven unda davubrundeT am punqtebs Semdeg TavSi (Sefasebaze) magram,

rogorc ukve gamoCnda, moswavlis avtonomia gulisxmobs swavlis process, ro-

melic moicavs TviTSefasebis aspeqts. ELP ar niSnavs imas, rom maswavlebelma

ar unda gauwios daxmareba aseve TviTSefasebis sferoSic. ELP Seadgens

nawilobriv sasargeblo SesaZleblobas pedagogiuri Sromis konkretuli

formiT gamomJRavnebasa da misTvis mniSvnelobis miniWebas.

74

4. moswavleebis daxmareba enobrivi miznebis Tavad dasaxvaSi

SesaZlebelia vinmes arasworad moeCvenos, rom enasTan dakavSirebuli

samuSaos Sejameba da am naSromis CEFR-is skalasTan dakavSireba ELP-is Sesamowmebeli siis erTaderTi mizania. Tumca maT gaaCniaT moswavleebisTvis

enis Seswavlis miznebis dasaxvis gadacemis rolic. es midgoma aris

mniSvnelovani faqtori damoukidebeli swavlis ganviTarebaSi.

regularuli Sefasebis upiratesoba, romelic tardeba kompetenciebis

deskriptorebisa da / an am deskriptorebTan dakavSirebuli situaciebis siebis

gamoyenebiT, aris is, rom isini moswavleebs maswavleblis daxmarebiT urCeven

daadginon davalebebi an situaciebi, romelTac gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda

dauTmon momaval gakveTilebze an kviraobiT.

Cans, rom es nawilobriv mniSvnelovania jgufebTan an moswavleebTan

muSaobaSi, romlebic enaSi maTi kompetenciis doneebis mixedviTaa Camoyalibe-

buli an mecadineobis CatarebiT, sadac garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi

yuradReba gadadis konkretul enobriv aqtivobaze.

Sefasebebi ukve moyvanilia mraval saxelmZRvaneloSi. isini mxars uWeren

winsvlis dafiqsirebas da qmnian sasargeblo fons CEFR-is gamoyenebisaTvis.

qvemoT, germanul saxelmZRvaneloSi vnaxulobT davalebebis sias, rom-

lebsac eZRvneboda mecadineoba; aq mocemulia akuratuli damokidebuleba sas-

wavlo erTeulis (blokis) sxvadasxva nawilebisadmi.

75

sxva saxelmZRvaneloebi moicaven detalur Sesabamisobas ELP-is deskrip-torebTan, radganac isini Seesabamebian maTi saswavlo erTeulis bolos war-

modgenil Sefasebas.

76

saxelmZRvanelo blokis dasawyisSi (aq: bloki 5) ayalibebs swavlebis

miznebs aqtivobaSi, romelsac didi yuradReba daeTmoba blokis ganmavlobaSi

da romelic aRniSnulia specialuri logoTi (zepiri warmoTqma). kidev erTxel

aRiniSneba, rom TiToeuli saswavlo erTeulisTvis sxvadasxva aqtivobaze es

orientireba ar niSnavs imas, rom sxva enobrivi aqtivobebi gamoiricxeba. miznebi

formulirebulia deskriptorebTan SesabamisobaSi frangul ELP-Si Semswav-

lelTaTvis 15 wlis asakisaTvis da zemoT. isini eqvemdebarebian 72-e da 73-e

gverdebze aRwerili kompetenciebis dayofas.

am erTeulis bolos, SefasebaSi, moswavleebs sTxoven, kritikulad

ganixilon maTi warmateba davalebebSi ELP-is deskriptorebTan SesabamisobaSi.

am mizniT, saxelmZRvanelo moswavles eubneba, Tu ra wyaroebi da ra blokis ra

nawilebi iyeneben enas, romelsac aqvs aseTi Sefaseba. nawilobrivi Sefaseba

blokis ganmavlobaSi, rogorc Cans, saSualebas miscems moswavleebs, daadginon

is punqtebi, romlebzec maT yuradReba unda gaamaxvilon _ imisaTvis, raTa mi-

aRwion kompetenciis sasurvel dones.

77

aq vnaxulobT CEFR-is kompetenciebis doneebis gamoyenebis konkretul

ilustracias, romelic dayofilia Sualedur doneebad; midgoma, romelSic

Sesrulebuli samuSao orientirebulia enis aqtivobis kompetenciis ganviTare-

baze da mkafio kavSirze saxelmZRvaneloSi SemoTavazebul davalebebs, kompe-

tenciis doneebsa da ELP-is gamoyenebas Soris, rac erTad iZleva moswavleebis

mier maTi Semdgomi samuSaosaTvis miznebis Tavad dasaxvis saSualebas.

sabolood, Sefasebisa da TviTSefasebis es faza mniSvnelovania swav-

lebis dialogisTvis, romelSic TiToeul moswavles SeiZleba mieces stimuli,

ifiqros swavlis procesis yvelaze efeqtur individualur gzebze. kompaqt-

diskebi, romlebic Tan mohyveba alternatiul saxelmZRvanelos, warmoadgens

erT-erTi enobrivi aqtivobis individualur asaxvas yoveli mecadineobis savar-

jiSos win da mis Semdeg.

5. saxelmwifo enis SezRuduli gamoyeneba

ELP-Si gamoyenebuli ena rTulia. ELP-i arc erT SemTxvevaSi ar aris gam-

iznuli konkretuli enis swavlisTvis, aramed is unda iTvaliswinebdes moswav-

leebis yvela kompetencias yvela enaSi, romelsac swavloben an ician. evropis

sabWos mier miRebuli kanoni moiTxovs yovel ELP-Si Sevides sul mcire erTi an

ori oficialuri ena, inglisuri an franguli, iseve, rogorc enebi, romlebzec

momxmareblebs ganaTleba aqvT miRebuli. es xsnis imas, Tu ratom aris fran-

guli ELP-i dawerili mxolod erT enaze. im paradoqsTan erTad, romlebic

warmodgenilia erTenovani ELP-is mier ganaTlebis sistemebSi, romlebic mxars

uWeren lingvistur mravalferovnebas, es warmoadgens maTi gamoyenebis poten-

ciur problemas: zedmetad aisaxos Tanamedrove enebis kursebSi frangulis Se-

moWris riski, sadac mowodebuli enisaTvis Zalian SezRuduli droa gamoyo-

fili.

am dabrkolebis Tavidan asacileblad, erTi mxriv, SesaZlebelia maswav-

lebels vurCioT ELP-i gamoiyenos regularuli intervalebiT mTeli wlis gan-

mavlobaSi da, meore mxriv, gamoviyenoT Sesamowmebeli sia regionul Tu ucxo

enaSi maTi SefasebisaTvis, rogorc es wina gverdze saxelmZRvanelodan amoRe-

buli nawyvetis SemTxvevaSi iyo.

Tu Cven unda SevinarCunoT efeqturi instrumenti plurilingvalizmis

ganviTarebisaTvis, ELP-i unda daiweros moswavlis mSobliur an skolis enaze.

frangulTan erTad erTi an ori sxva Tanamedrove enis arseboba SesaZlebeli

iqneboda, magram is albaT gamoiwvevda enis gamdidrebis principis darRvevas

safrangeTis ganaTlebis sistemaSi.

konkretul enaze muSaobisTvis es aranairad ar niSnavs, rom maswavle-

blebs ar aqvT ufleba, upiratesoba mianiWon Sefasebisa da asaxvis midgomas

deskriptorebisa da situaciebis gamoyenebiT, romelTac isini Tavad ganaviTare-

ben an romelTac isini iReben ELP-idan, romelic im qveyanaSi an qveynebSi gamoi-

yeneba, romlis enasac isini aswavlian.

im moswavleebisTvis, romlebic floben minimalur enobriv SesaZle-

blobebs, savsebiT realuri iqneboda Sefasebis ganxorcieleba da mokle

diskusiis warmarTva misaRwevi miznebis Sesaxeb, samizne enis martivi gamoyene-

biT. deskriptorebis an situaciebis sia, Semofargluli enis aqtivobiT da Sesa-

bamisi kompetenciis doniT an doneebiT am mizniT iqneboda gamoyenebuli. Semdeg

maswavlebels SeeZleboda, moewodebina moswavleebisTvis, miemarTaT maTi ELP-ebisTvis da eTxova maTTvis, saTanado aRniSvnebi SeetanaT Sesabamis adgilebze

_ albaT saxlSi.

78

6. programis Seqmna davalebebis safuZvelze,

romlebic Seesabamebian CEFR-is doneebs.

am Tavis bolos unda ganvixiloT CEFR-is da ELP-is CarTvis ufro metad

momTxovni da ambiciuri forma. enis maswavlebels, SesaZlebelia, ar undodes

misi dauyovnebliv gamoyeneba yvela aspeqtiT, magram SesaZlebelia, TandaTan

Seqmnan gakveTilebi maTze dayrdnobiT da es meTodad SemoiRon.

es gulisxmobs CEFR-Tan SesabamisobaSi ganviTarebas, swavlebis kurss,

romelic adaptirebulia moswavlis unarebTan da miznebTan da romelTa

ganxorcielebac klasSia SesaZlebeli.

midgomaSi pirveli nabiji aris CEFR-is kompetenciis doneebis dadgena,

romlebSic davalebebi unda iyos warmodgenili saswavlo blokis Sesabamisi

saswavlo masalis farglebSi.

magram drois udidesi nawili ar aris dazustebuli. rogor unda ga-

vagrZeloT?

Cven vnaxeT 1-li nawilis me-2 TavSi, Tu rogor davadginoT da gavaanal-

izoTY sakomunikacio davalebebi. maSin me-3 Tavi eZRvneboda CEFR-is sxvadasxva kompetenciis doneebis Seswavlas. qvemoT moyvanil magaliTebSi unda vcadoT im

ori Tavis Sinaarsis Sejameba.

warmodgenili midgomis gamosarkvevad unda moviyvanoT espanur sax-

elmZRvaneloSi mowodebuli davalebis magaliTi.

79

es davaleba TanmimdevrobiT ganixilavs or enobriv aqtivobas: auraluri

aRqma da zepiri warmoTqma. amis gamo, Cvenc unda gaviaroT es ori etapi.

imisaTvis, raTa ganvsajoT auralur aRqmasTan dakavSirebuli sirTule,

unda SeviswavloT TviTSefasebis bade (ix. gv. 26), Tumca, unda SemovifargloT

A1-dan B2-donemde.

A1 SemiZlia gamovicno nacnobi sityvebi da ZiriTadi frazebi Cem TavTan dakavSirebiT, Cemi

ojaxuri da uSualo konkretuli garemocva, roca xalxi nela da garkveviT laparakobs.

A2 SemiZlia gavigo frazebi da gavzardo im leqsikis gamoyenebis sixSire, rac dakavSirebu-

lia uaRresad pirad sferoebTan uSualod (rogoricaa Zalze mTavari piradi da ojaxuri infor-

macia, sayidlebi, garemo, dasaqmeba). SemiZlia daviWiro ZiriTadi azri mokle, mkafio, martiv me-

sijebSi da gancxadebebSi.

B1 SemiZlia gavigo mkafio standartuli saubris sakvanZo adgilebi nacnob sakiTxebze, rom-

lebic regularulad gvxvdeba samsaxurSi, skolaSi, dasvenebisas da misT. SemiZlia gavigo Ziri-

Tadi azri radiosa da televizoris gadacemebSi mimdinare movlenebze an personaluri Tu pro-

fesiuli interesebis Temebze, rodesac gadmocema SedarebiT nelia da mkafio.

B2 SemiZlia gavigo grZeli moxseneba da leqciebi da azrobrivad mivyve argumentebis rTul

replikebs im pirobiT, rom Tema SedarebiT nacnobia. SemiZlia gavigo umravlesi satelevizio

sainformacio da mimdinare programebi. SemiZlia gavigo filmebis umravlesoba standartul

dialeqtze.

albaT aq vukavSirdebiT B1 donis davalebas. moswavleebma unda gaigon

interviuebis ZiriTadi azri. cxadia, es axasiaTebs A2, B1 da B2 doneebs, magram mosmenili teqstebis buneba da Tema realurad aRar ekuTvnis A2 dones: Cven ar gvaqvs saqme kompleqsur argumentTan.

Tu mivmarTavT ELP-is B1 donis deskriptorebis sias saSualo skolis

damamTavrebeli etapisaTvis (lycees), davinaxavT Semdegs: `SemiZlia gavigo

prezentaciis ZiriTadi azrebi nacnob, regularulad Sexvedril Temebze mokle

moxsenebebis CaTvliT~.

magaliTad, `sakmarisia gqondes mokle prezentaciis moxsenebis gakeTebis

unari saganze, silabusebze an yoveldRiuri cxovrebis aspeqtze, romelic moce-

mulia megobris an asistentis mier an Canaweris gamoyenebiT" (done B1-1). modiT, axla davaleba zepirmetyvelebis gamomuSavebis TvalsazrisiT gan-

vixiloT. sirTulis done SesaZlebelia dadgindes am aqtivobisTvis miZRvnili

TviTSefasebis badis nawilis gamoyenebiTa da Cveni komentarebiT 47-e da 48-e

gverdebze (Tavi 3).

A1 SemiZlia gamoviyeno martivi frazebi da winadadebebi, raTa aRvwero, Tu sad vcxovrob da

is xalxi, visac vicnob;

A2 SemiZlia gamoviyeno frazebisa da winadadebebis rigi, raTa aRvwero martivi terminebiT

Cemi ojaxi da sxva xalxi, sacxovrebeli pirobebi, Cemi ganaTlebis safuZveli da Cemi mimdinare

an wina samsaxuri;

B1 SemiZlia davakavSiro frazebi martivi gziT, raTa aRvwero gamocdilebebi da movlenebi,

Cemi sizmrebi, imedebi da ambiciebi. SemiZlia mokled mogawodoT Sexedulebebisa da gegmebis

mizezebi da ganmartebebi. SemiZlia moTxrobis moyola an wignisa Tu filmis siuJetis moyola da

Cemi reaqciebis aRwera;

B2 SemiZlia warmovadgino Temebis farTo speqtris mkafo, detaluri aRwerebi, romlebic da-

kavSirebulia Cemi interesebis sferosTan. SemiZlia avxsna Sexeduleba Tematur sakiTxze upi-

ratesobebisa da naklovanebebis sxvadasxva arCevaniT.

80

radganac es davaleba moiTxovs Sesabamis moxsenebas (unda Sejamdes

sxvadasxva dokumenti), maSin Cven aRar varT A1 an A2 doneze, romlisTvisac

zepiri produqcia SesaZlebelia ganxorcieldes winadadebebis an gamoTqmebis

gverdigverd dayenebiT. instruqcia ar moiTxovs moswavleebisgan, ganaviTaron

Sexeduleba an warmoadginon argumenti, rogorc es moTxovnili iqneboda B2 doniT.

SegviZlia vimsjeloT, rom davaleba faqtobrivad Seesabameba B1-dones: moswavleebma Sinaarsis struqtura unda gadmogvcen, rac maT uSualod ar exe-

baT, magram romlis Sesaxebac isini informirebulni arian. is SesaZlebelia da-

kavSirebuli iyos ELP-is Semdeg deskriptorTan: `SemiZlia martivi ganacxadis

gakeTeba, romelic nacnob Temaze movamzade da romelSic mniSvnelovani azri

zustad ganvaviTare." (B2-2 done). TviTSefasebis am badis gamoyeneba sakomunikacio davalebebis sirTulis

donis dasadgenad SesaZlebelia martivad gamoviyenoT sxva enobriv aqtivobebSi,

saxelmZRvaneloebSi mowodebuli treningis nawilad.

saxelmZRvaneloebSi davalebis sirTulis donis dadgeniT maswavlebelma

is SeiZleba gaamdidros, Seeguos an Seqmnas raime sruliad gansxvavebuli. ma-

gram amas mivyavarT kiTxvamde: yvela teqsts SeuZlia warmoqmnas davalebebi,

romlebic yvela kompetenciis doneebTanaa adaptirebuli?

am kiTxvisTvis pasuxis gasacemad kidev erTxel unda gamoviyenoT infor-

macia, romelic teqstebis bunebaSia, rogorc rekomendebulia TviTSefasebis

badiT.

am cxrilTa gamoyenebiT unda ganvixiloT oTxi dokumenti sxvadasxva enis

saxelmZRvaneloSi da sxvadasxva klasis doneze.

81

aq warmodgenili teqsti vizualuri aRqmisTvis albaT eqvemdebareba A1 dones: Cven gvaqvs martivi winadadebebi da ara yoveldRiuri wyaroebi, rogorc

aRniSnulia A2 donis ganmartebaSi. imave wignidan amoRebul nawyvetSi, 87-e gverdze, vxvdebiT teqstebs, rom-

lebic eqvemdebarebian A2 dones (mokle teqstebi, romlebic Sedgenilia mar-

tivi winadadebebiT da, amis gamo, ar Seesabamebian B1 donis ganmartebis

moTxovnebs).

amis gamo, zogadad saxelmZRvaneloebSi Sesabamisobaa daculi arCevanis

saSualebasa da moTxovnili davalebis sirTules Soris.

cxadia, rom cnebebi yovelTvis ar aris mkafio. modiT, SevadaroT fran-

guli saxelmZRvanelos es bolo gverdi espanuri saxelmZRvanelos teqsts, ro-

melic gadmoRebulia 87-e gverdze (karta roberto) da, frangulis msgavsad,

gamiznulia damwyebTaTvis. erTi SexedviT, teqstebis sigrZe da maT Semadgenel

gamoTqmebs Soris kavSirebi arTulebs maTs moTavsebas imave kategoriaSi. ma-

Sin, roca franguli teqsti aSkarad eqvemdebareba A2 dones, espanurma teqstma SesaZlebelia warmoSvas B1 donis davalebebi. Tumca, moxsenebis sworxazovneba

da leqsikoni am teqstSi, saTanado TemebTan erTad, mas Tanabrad miakuTvnebs A2 donis teqstebs (mokle, martivi piradi werilebi).

82

amis gamo, teqstis potenciuri

done avtomaturad aRiniSneba klasis

donis mixedviT, romlisTvisac

gankuTvnilia saxelmZRvanelo. espanuri

teqstis klasifikacia A2 doneze albaT

ufro naTeli iqneba, roca mas

SevadarebT sxva dokumentTan arsebul

saxelmZRvanelos ufro dabal, meeqvse

formaSi, romelSic amjerad SeiZleba

vmeryeobdeT B1donesa da B2 dones So-

ris. B2 donis ganmartebis striqonSi, ra Tqma unda, gvaqvs saliteraturo teqsti

prozaSi Tanamedrove Temaze.

Tumca, am SemadgenlobiT, ra

Tqma unda, naCvenebia am tipis

teqstis Zalze cota maxasiaTebeli.

ufro metic, misi Sinaarsi gasao-

cari sizustiT aRniSnavs im

adgilebs, sadac movlenaTa Tanmim-

devroba, survilebi da grZnobebia

gamoxatuli, rac aris B1 donis

teqstebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli.

Zalian mokle analizidan Seg-

viZlia davaskvnaT, rom es teqsti

SesaZlebelia warmoSobdes da-

valebebs, romlebic xvdeba B1 da

B2 doneebze. aseTi analizis safuZ-

velze, umravles SemTxvevaSi, ELP-is Sesamowmebel siaSi SesaZlebe-

lia deskriptorebi imisTvis gan-

vixiloT, rom aucleblobis

83

SemTxvevaSi davumatoT saxel-mZRvaneloebSi mocemuli programis saTanado da-

valebebi, romlebsac gamoarCevs moswavleTa jgufi.

modiT, ganvixiloT gadmoRebuli bolo nawyveti, romelic, rogorc

vTqviT, eqvemdebareba B1 da B2 doneebs da vnaxoT, romeli tipis vizualuri

aRqmis davalebebs gvTavazobs wignis teqsti amasTan dakavSirebiT.

vxvdebiT kiTxviT miTiTebebs, romlebic efeqturad Seesabamebian B1 do-nes: aRwerili movlenebis identificireba, grZnobebi da qcevebi moqmedi pire-

bisTvis. es instruqciebi advilad SeiZleba SevadaroT ELP -s aRwerebs: • SemiZlia gavigo faqtobrivi teqsti silabusebis grafaze an Cems Ziri-

Tad interesebze, ise rom saTanadod SemeZlos misi Semcveli prin-

cipuli informaciis amocnoba.

• SemiZlia standartul enaze formulirebuli grZnobisa da survilebis

gamoxatvis aRwerebis gageba.

davalebebis ufro gamowvlilviTi ganxilviT, rac moiTxoveba gagrZele-

baSi - romelic aq ar aris moyvanili - saxelmZRvanelos gverdSi, kerZod, weriT

gamoxatvasTan dakavSirebiT (`warmoidgine, ra dawera sandram mis dRiurSi,

roca is dadebiT da uaryofiT mxareebs winadadebis miRebamde afasebda~), Tumca

vxedavT, rom es davaleba SesaZlebelia Sesruldes mxolod maSin, roca

moswavles SeuZlia gaigos teqstidan moqmedi gmiris qcevis mizezi, romelic

aris sityvasityviT ELP-is B2 donis erT-erTi deskriptori.

Sefasebis situaciebSi maTi praqtikis sawinaaRmdegod, maswavleblebi

Tavs Seikaveben gverdigverd mdgomi, magram sxvadasxva donis davalebebis Sere-

visagan (magaliTad, B1 da B2), Tu amas moiTxovs saswavlo dinamika. Tumca, re-

komendebulia, rom moswavleebs regularulad unda SesTavazon sakomunikacio

davalebebi, romlebic Seesabameba maTs progress. aralogikuri iqneboda, ma-

galiTad, B2 donis davalebis SeTavazeba am teqstis swavlisTvis.

saerTo jamSi, es rekomendaciebi Tundac rom kompleqsurad da Sez-

Rudulad gamoCndnen, mniSvnelovania gavimeoroT, rom Cven ar gTavazobT srul

gamoyofas swavlebis praqtikidan da rom CEFR-is mier SemoTavazebuli `qmede-

baze orientirebuli midgoma~ Seesabameba arsebul saswavlo damxmare saSuale-

bebs.

detalebi mocemulia am TavSi, raTa uCvenos, Tu rogor SeuZliaT enis

maswavleblebs TandaTanobiT miiRon es meTodebi ise, rom ukeTesad miaRwion

miznebs, romlebsac Tavad saxaven moswavleebTan erTad. aucilebelia Seve-

cadoT zemoT aRwerili detalebis gamoyeneba. maswavleblebma unda Seafason am

84

rekomendaciebis Rirebuleba maTi praqtikisa da maTi moswavleebis moTxovnile-

bebisaTvis.

am meTodebis SemoReba xdeba moswavleTa jgufebis saorganizaciod da

moswavleebisaTvis programebis Sesaqmnelad - romlebic xandaxan cxaddeba sax-

elmwifo donis programebad, magaliTad, safrangeTSi _ aucileblad warmoSobs

udides cvlilebebs aseTi swavlebis konteqstSi. Tu enis maswavleblebi en-

TuziazmiT miudgebian CEFRisa da ELP -is gamoyenebas maTi profesiuli unarebis

gasamdidreblad, maTi efeqturoba moimatebs. es aris sul, ris Cvenebac undoda

am Tavs.

85

Tavi 2

sphps!voeb!Tfgbteft!fopcsjwj!lpnqfufodjfcj!

mogvianebiT am TavSi davubrundebiT TviTSefasebis sakiTxs: Tu rogor

aris is dakavSirebuli uSualod SefasebasTan. pirvel rigSi, unda ganvixiloT

swavlebis farglebSi CEFR_is gamoyenebiT moswavleebis Sefasebis Sedegebi,

radganac erovnuli gamocdebis sakiTxis ganxilva ar aris am wignis mizani.

qvemore naTqvami mTlianad niSnavs moswavlis kompetenciis donis Sefase-

bis aucileblobas sxvadasxva enobriv jgufebSi. es pedagogiuri Sefaseba for-

mulirebulia dokumentebSi, romlebic Tan sdevs enis silabusebis umravleso-

bas. mas icavs skolebis mier Catarebuli yvela Sefaseba, Tundac gamocdebi

TiToeuli enobrivi aqtivobis Sefasebis saSualebas ar iZleodes. magaliTad,

safrangeTSi es iyo warmatebuli cda zogadi saSualo skolis bolo klasSi da

miRebuli iyo sagamocdo furclebisaTvis axali bakalavriatis seriaSi (STG).

es aris farTod gavrcelebuli praqtika safrangeTSi soflis meurneobis zeda

saSualo skolebSi, sadac moTxovnilia, rom saswavlo Sefaseba unda moi-

cavdes enis aqtivobebis calsaxa Sefasebas yvela tipis swavlebaSi, romlebic

saministros farglebSi mimdinareobs.

1. Sefasebis testis Sedgena CEFR-ze dayrdnobiT

maswavleblis amocana SedarebiT martivia warmoqmnis aqtivobebSi

moswavlis donis Sesafaseblad. TviTSefasebis bade da ELP-is Sesamowmebeli

sia gvawvdis Sesabamis instruqciebs. weriTi an zepiri warmoqmnis Sefaseba unda

Catardes sakomunikacio davalebebis meSveobiT, romlebic Seesabameba kompeten-

ciis dones da, imavdroulad, moswavlis mier enis flobis Semowmebac surT.

A1 SemiZlia gamoviyeno martivi frazebi da winadadebebi, rom aRvwero, sad vcxovrob;

agreTve visaubro pirebze, visac vicnob.

A2 SemiZlia gamoviyeno rigi frazebisa da winadadebebisa, rom martivi gamoxatvis formiT

aRvwero Cemi ojaxi da sxva xalxi, sacxovrebeli pirobebi, miRebuli ganaTleba da Cemi amJamin-

deli an bolo samsaxuri.

B1 SemiZlia martivi formiT davakavSiro frazebi, rom aRvwero gamocdilebebi da movle-

nebi, Cemi ocnebebi, imedebi da miswrafebebi. MSemiZlia mosazrebisa da gegmebis mokled axsna da

dasabuTeba. SemiZlia ambis, wignis an filmis fragmentis moyola da Cemi reaqciis aRwera.

B2 SemiZlia warmovadgino mkafio, detaluri aRwera Cemi interesis sferosTan dakavSirebuli

farTo diapazonis Temebze. SemiZlia avxsna Sexeduleba Tematur sakiTxze sxvadasxva arCevanis

upiratesobebisa da naklovanebebis gadmocemiT.

C1 SemiZlia warmovadgino mkafio, detaluri axsna kompleqsuri qveTemebiT integrirebul

sakiTxebze, konkretuli Sexedulebis ganviTareba da Sesabamisi daskvnis gakeTeba.

C2 SemiZlia warmovadgino naTeli aRwera an argumenti konteqstis Sesabamis stilSi da

efeqturi logikuri struqturiT, romelic exmareba msmenels mniSvnelovani aqcentebis gagebasa

da damaxsovrebaSi.

TviTSefasebis bade, CEFRgv. 26 da 27

86

modiT, davuSvaT, rom germanelis maswavleblis xelmZRvanelobiT

moswavleebma imuSaves savarjiSos nawilze zepir warmoTqmaSi Semdegi saswavlo

Tavidan.

am ormag gverdze maT iswavles kavSiri martiv winadadebebSi, qronolo-

giuri (`Semdeg~) da logikuri (`magram~) kavSirebis gamoyenebiT gamoxatos mo-

daluri formebi (`ra Tqma unda, ara~, àlbaT~). maTi zepirad gadmocemis unaris

Sesafaseblad SesaZloa maswavlebelma moiTxovos maTgan movlenaTa qronolo-

giuri TanmimdevrobiT gadmocema, romlebic mocemulia ilustraciis formiT an

dagegmilia klasSi da romelTa Sinaarsic araa leqsikurad rTuli.

am amocaniT Cven varT A doneze: SemiZlia winadadebis Sedgena `da~, `ma-

gram~ da `Semdeg~ kavSirebis gamoyenebiT.

aRiniSneba, rom es aRmweri aRmoCndeba zogierT ELP-Si (rogoricaa ELP saSualo skolebisTvis (colleges) weriTis saTauriT. SeiZleba am doneze da Tun-

dac ufro maRal doneze CaiTvalos, rom momzadeba zepir warmoqmnaSi aris

weriTi gamoxatvis swavlis saukeTeso forma.

sxvaTa Soris, rodesac saswavlo Tavi Seicavs qvemoT moyvanil dokumen-

tebs, Sefaseba SesaZloa niSnavdes Semdegs: moswavleebs sTxovon, Seadaron ori

dokumenti, romlebic dakavSirebulia saskolo garemosTan maT qveyanaSi da es-

paneTSi an laTinuri amerikis qveyanaSi (anu cxrilebi, saskolo forma, gan-

rigebi da misT.) da Camoayalibon, Tu ras aniWeben upiratesobas.

gamoxatvis davaleba Seesabameba ELP-is A2 dones: _ SemiZlia swrafad aRvwero da Sevadaro sagnebi.

_ SemiZlia avxsna, ratom momwons an ar mowons raime.

87

sabolood, modiT, warmovidginoT klasis SemTxveva, romelic muSaobda

inglisurSi interviuebze Going Places-is saxelmZRvanelodan (Premiere, gv.140), ro-melSic xuTi pirovneba iZleva sakuTar Sexedulebas SeerTebuli Statebis

zogierTi sasamarTlos tendenciaze, SeecvalaT cixis ganaCeni valdebulebiT,

misi saxalxod demonstrirebiT, Cadenili danaSaulis winapirobis CvenebiT.

moswavleebis mier miRweuli donis Sefaseba zepir warmoTqmaSi SesaZloa

daeyrdnos qvemoT moyvanil fotos. Sefasebul moswavleebs SesaZlebelia sTxo-

von, axsnan dokumentis Sinaarsi da gadmoscen azri amaze, mizezebis dasaxele-

biT.

88

moswavleebis unariTa da maTi individualuri SesrulebiT, am samuSaos

instruqcia moxvdeba B1-2 doneebidan erT-erTze: `SemiZlia martivad visaubro

sxvadasxva Temaze momzadebis gareSe, rac dakavSirebulia Cemi interesebis

sferoebTan an silabusebis punqtebze~; an B2 donis mixedviT: `SemiZlia avxsna

Sexeduleba Tematur sakiTxze sxvadasxva variantis upiratesobebisa da nak-

lovanebebis mowodebiT~.

cremlebis gamocdileba

`Tavdapirvelad: jorjiaSi cxovrobdnen Cerokeli indi-

elebi.

1835 wels eCotis xelSekrulebas moewera xeli da rati-

ficirebuli iqna SeerTebuli Statebis senatis mier.

prezident endriu jeksons indielebis jorjiidan

gadaadgilebis ufleba mieca. 1838 wlis 17 maiss niu eCo-

taSi Camovida generali uinfildi 7000 kaciT. zafxulSi

Cakota aiRes. kacebs, qalebsa da bavSvebs unda daetovebi-

naT sakuTari saxlebi da oklahomamde fexiT aTasobiT

mili unda evloT. maT hqondaT Zalian cota sakvebi da

4000 kaci daiRupa. am gzas daerqva `cremlebis ga-

mocdileba~.

waikiTxe `cremlebis gamocdileba~ da warmoidgine, rom

Sen xar:

1. Cerokeli indieli, romelic gadarCa gadaadgilebisas

2. istoriuli wignis avtori, romelmac indielebisgan

unda mogvitanos Setyobineba.

gadawere teqsti da aRniSne Seni azri.

aq mocemulia ramdenime xerxi, romelic dagexmareba

saintereso da emociuri teqstis daweraSi:

- dawere Seni teqsti pirvel pirSi:

Cemi saxeli aris... me viyavi...

- mogvawode SeZlebisdagvarad meti detalebi: sax-

eli, asaki, ojaxi..

- gamoiyene zmnebi, rogoricaa `maxsovs~, `damaviwyda~.. da gamoiyene zedsarTavi saxelebi

grZnobebis aRsawerad;

- Tqvi, ras akeTebdi. rogori iyo Seni reaqcia, rodesac gverdze sxvebi gexvia, roca jaris-

kacebi Camovidnen, roca tovebdi samSoblos, roca Caxvedi oklahomaSi.

dawere teqsti mesame pirSi:

- rogorc prezidentma jeksonma, oficialurma pirebma, jariskacma;

- mogvawode faqtebi da daazuste: saxelebi, TariRebi, raodenobebi;

- gamoiyene zedsarTavi saxelebi da zmnizedebi, raTa mkiTxveli ganawyo.

imuSave megobarTan erTad, raTa gaaumjobeso Seni pirveli naweri: eZebe sityvebi

leqsikonSi, Tavi aaride gameorebebs, Seamowme droebi (gamoiyene warsuli) da gvaris saTanado

formebi (aqtivi, Tu pasivi?) ifiqre punqtuaciaze orTografiaze.

rodesac klasSi moswavleTa done ar aris erTgvarovani da konteqsti

saSualebas iZleva, savsebiT SesaZloa da rekomendebulic ki, rom davalebebi

warmovadginoT sxvadasxva doneze warmoqmniT aqtivobebTan dakavSirebul Se-

fasebebSi.

aqedan gamomdinare, inglisuris saxelmZRvanelodan aRebul saswavlo

TavSi axali amerikelebis mier amerikeli indielebis mimarT mopyrobis Sesaxeb

moswavleebs amecadinebdnen weriT gamoxatvaSi, rogorc naCvenebia wina gverdze

gadmoRebuli nawyvetiT.

testi, romelic afasebs unarebs am aqtivobaSi, SesaZloa eyrdnobodes

Semdeg fotos:

89

moswavleebs SesaZloa mosTxovon Seasrulon Semdegi ori davaleba

sxvadasxva doneze:

- erT-erTi am bavSvis mier gamocdilebis gadmocema werilSi, romelic

daiwereba pirvel pirSi (B1 done: SemiZlia movyve, Tu ra damemarTa axlo an

Soreul warsulSi)

- aRvwero sxvisi sulieri mdgomareoba da gaviziaro Sexeduleba (B1 done: SemiZlia gadmovce Cemi gamocdileba da aRvwero Cemi grZnobebi da

reaqciebi pirad werilSi).

testis Sedgena ufro delikaturi sakiTxia, roca is cdilobs Seafasos

auraluri (smeniTi) an vizualuri aRqma. saSualebis arCeva da sakomunikacio

davaleba Semdeg unda kombinirdes TviTSefasebis badeSi Semavali informaciis

gamoyenebiT, rogorc es vixileT meore nawilis I TavSi.

idealur SemTxvevaSi, davaleba, romelic dakavSirebulia specifikur do-

kumentTan, ganviTarebuli iqneba kompetenciis TiToeuli donisTvis.

Tumca, SesaZloa davalebebis Tanmimdevrobis klasificireba kompetenciis

sxvadasxva donis mixedviT, imave saSualebis gamoyenebiT, Tu es saTanado iqneba.

90

miuxedavad imisa, rom zemoT moyvanili dokumenti ar aris am Tavis miznis

pirdapiri Sesatyvisi, Cven is unda aviRoT vizualuri aRqmis Sefasebis saSu-

alebad moswavleebis im jgufebTan, romlebic am aqtivobaSi B1 donis miRwevis procesSia.

im mkiTxvelTaTvis, vinc saTanadod ver flobs germanuls, Sefasebis pun-

qtebi unda CamovayaliboT inglisurad.

cxadia, rom teqsti faqtobrivad eqvemdebareba TviTSefasebis badis B1 dones. Tumca, sasurvelia, rom moswavleebs, romlebic naklebad erkvevian sa-

kuTari unarebis am aqtivobaSi, saSualeba mivceT uCvenon maTi unarebi A2 doneze. am mizniT SegviZlia am jgufs SevTavazoT Sefaseba, romelic iwyeba A2 donis aRmwerebis ori instruqciiT:

SemiZlia gamovicno, Tu razea werili an teqsti, roca is exeba CemTvis

nacnob Temas.

instruqciis magaliTi Sefasebis mizniT: moswavleebs SesaZloa mosTxo-

von am statiis Temaze (axalgazrda moxaliseebis swavleba vandalizmis wi-

naaRmdeg) mokle moxsenebis mowodeba.

SemiZlia mokle moTxrobis an faqtebis mokle aRweris mniSvnelobis

gageba nacnob Temebze.

magaliTad, SemiZlia gamovicno movlenaTa Tanmimdevroba da davadgino

maT Soris kavSiris buneba (mizezebi, Sedegebi da misT.).

instruqciis magaliTi Sefasebis TvalsazrisiT:

Tqvi, ra aris teqstis xuTi paragrafidan TiToeulis Tema.

ganxiluli Temis Sesabamisi aso dasviT misTvis gamoyofil adgilebze.

- vizualuri situacia = a

- miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi = b

- moqmedebis meTodebi = g

- aRniSnuli SezRudvebi = d

- garkveuli miniSnebebi = e

paragrafi 1 (striqonebi 1-dan 16-mde)


paragrafi 3 (striqonebi 33dan 41-mde)


paragrafi 5 (striqonebi 56-dan bolomde)

Tumca, am Sefasebis ZiriTadi nawili unda iyos B1 doneze. aRmwerebi,

rolebic SesaZloa Seadgendnen am donis instruqciebis safuZvels, Semdegia:

B1-1: SemiZlia gavigo faqtobrivi teqsti silabusebis punqtze an Cems

erT-erT ZiriTad interesze imisTvis, rom SevZlo gamovicno prin-

cipuli informacia, romelsac is Seicavs.

amis gamo, SefasebaSi SesaZloa Semowmdes, gaiges Tu ara moswavleebma,

rogor arCeven da zrdian moxaliseebs da, amasTanave, Jurnalistis mier moyva-

nili daskvna.

91

instruqciis magaliTi Sefasebis TvalsazrisiT:

aRniSne teqstis Sesabamisi winadadeba da daasabuTe arCeuli pasuxi

mokle citirebis saSualebiT.

a) garkveul doneze operacia iyo marcxi.

b) am operaciis Sedegebi jerjerobiT ucnobia.

g) operaciam moitana garkveuli Sedegebi.

d) Sedegi cvalebadi iyo adgilis mixedviT.

e) Sedegebi Zalian gansxvavebulad iyo gadmocemuli policiisa da organiza-

torebis mier.

citireba....................................................................................

B1-2: SemiZlia gavacnobiero kargad struqturizebuli gazeTis statia

nacnob Temaze.

imisaTvis, rom Semowmdes aRmweris aTvisebis xarisxi, Sefaseba unda moi-

cavdes statiis ara movlenasTan dakavSirebul aspeqts, aramed am SinaarsisTvis

mniSvnelovan raimes:

rekomendaciebs, romlebic gakeTda am operaciisTvis moxaliseTa say-

uradRebod (arasodes CaagdoT safrTxeSi vinme, SeinarCuneT TviTkontroli

yvelanair situaciaSi).

B1-3: kargad Sedgenil teqstSi argumentirebis moSveliebiT SemiZlia

gamovitano principuli daskvna.

es ukanaskneli azri SesaZloa Sefasdes moswavleTaTvis moTxovniT –

axsnan, ras gulisxmobs misis eva miuler-Srederi imis TqmiT, rac moyvanilia

51-dan 55-mde striqonebSi: to explain what Mrs Eva Muller-Schroder means by saying, in lines 51 to 55: “Gerade problematische Schuler werden auf andere Gedanken kommen, wenn wir ihnen Verant-wortung ubertragen~ (problemis gamo sapasuxismgeblo davalebis micemiT moswav-

leebma SesaZloa Seicvalon Sexedulebebi).

2. moswavlis mier davalebis Sesrulebis Sefaseba testSi

Cven aqac unda ganvasxvavoT gageba da gamoxatva.

gagebis Sesafasebel testSi advilia imis naxva, rom moswavlem Tavi

gaarTva davalebas. sxvadasxva kompetenciis doneebisgan Semdgari testis

SemTxvevaSi, maswavlebelma unda gadawyvitos TiToeuli am davalebis dat-

virTva saboloo niSniT. zemoT moyvanili davalebebis magaliTiT “Fauste in der Tasche~-is teqstTan dakavSirebiT, SesaZlebeli iqneboda agverCia, magaliTad,

Semdegi Sefaseba, imaze damokidebulebiT, Tu es testi gamiznulia moswavleebis

Tanamedrove L1-isTvis Tu Tanamedrove L2-isTvis. qulebi iTvleba franguli Se-

fasebis sistemis mixedviT, 0-dan 20-mde (es bolo niSani umaRlesia):

davalebebis done ML1 ML2

A2 5 qula 10 qula

B1 15 qula 10 qula

20 qula 20 qula

aRniSnuli iqneba, rom testirebisas diferencirebuli davalebebi miecema

mediisa Tu sxva tipis teqstebis safuZvelze, sadac niSnebi aRar ganawildeba

mxolod teqstSi (teqstebSi) mocemuli informaciis gaTvaliswinebiT (magali-

Tad, 2 qula gagebul an warmoTqmul sakiTxSi), magram klasis miznebis far-

glebSi davalebis sxvadasxva donis Sesabamisi mniSvnelobis dacviT.

92

moswavlis weriTi an zepiri davalebebis xarisxis SefasebiT vuax-

lovdebiT ufro pozitiuri Sefasebis fundamentur koncefcias, romelic ganx-

ilulia 48-e gverdze. moswavleebis kompetenciebi unda Sefasdes imisda mixed-

viT, Tu rogor euflebian isini enas; enis srulyofili codnis idealia vizua-

luri da auraluri aRqma zepiri da weriTi produqciis farglebSi.

am ZiriTadi koncefciis sailustraciod unda ganvixiloT enis

aqtivobebi, romlebic pirdapir dakavSirebulia Cvens argumentTan: teqstis

gadaTargmnis Sefaseba. arsebobs ucxo (an regionul) enaze dawerili teqstis

saxelmwifo enaze Targmnis Sefasebis ori Tanaarsebuli da konkurentuli me-

Todi. pirveli kargad cnobili meTodi moicavs Secdomebis daTvlas absolu-

turi topologiis mixedviT (uadgilo sityva an fraza, araswori Targmani, bar-

barizmi da a. S.) da Semdeg Secdomebis saerTo qulebis gamokleba qulaTa

maqsimaluri raodenobidan. meore meTodi aris teqstis dayofa azrobrivi seg-

mentebis jaWvad da Semdeg TiToeuli segmentis Targmanis Sefaseba, qulebis

miniWeba zrdadobiT, rac imazea damokidebuli, Tu ramdenad Seicavs segmentis

Targmani informaciis ZiriTad nawils; moicavs Tu ara mTlian mniSvnelobas,

Sesabamisi pasaJi ar aris stilisturad gaumarTavi an piriqiT - gvTavazobs

warmatebul Targmans.

naTelia, rom erTi da imave Targmanis Sefasebis es ori meTodi radi-

kalurad gansxvavebul Sedegebs iZleva. garda maTi arsobrivi gansxvavebisa, is-

ini Zireulad gansxvavdebian SefasebaSi, rodesac xdeba produqciis Secdomebze

da daSvebul stilistur Seusabamobebze fokusireba da rodesac vafasebT

pozitiuri midgomiT: anu vcdilobT SevafasoT Tundac nawilobrivi warmateba

micemul davalebebSi.

ra Tqma unda, Tundac gamoTqmis pozitiuri Sefaseba unda eyrdnobodes

xarisxis kriteriums. me-5 TavSi (gv. 110-129) CEFR iZleva 13 xarisxobriv krite-

riums weriTi da zepiri SesrulebisTvis. es kriteriumebi warmodgenilia

cxrilis saxiT, romlis TiToeuli ujra uCvenebs warmatebis dones A1-dan C2-mde maTi nawilisTvis da A2-dan C2-mde mTlianobaSi.

xarisxobrivi kriteriumebia:

- zogadi lingvisturi diapazoni;

- leqsikuri diapazoni;

- leqsikuri kontroli;

- gramatikuli sizuste;

- fonetikuri kontroli;

- orTografiuli kontroli;

- sociolingvisturi Sesabamisoba;

- moqniloba;

- lavireba;

- Tematuri ganviTareba;

- Tanmimdevruloba da erTianoba;

- Tavisuflad metyveleba;

- propoziciuli sizuste.

Cven unda moviyvanoT gramatikuli sizustis mniSvnelovani magaliTebi,

unda gadavideT B2+ doneze, raTa vnaxoT, Tu rogor SeuZlia Sefasebas mieces

pozitiuri midgomis forma Tundac am sakiTxze:

gramatikuli sizuste

B2 + kargi gramatikuli kontroli. SemTxveviTi an arasistematuri Secdomebi

da winadadebis struqturis mciredi areva SeiZleba mainc SeiniSnos, magram iS-

viaTia da xSirad SeiZleba Seswordes xelaxla gadaxedviT.

93

B2 aCvenebs gramatikuli kontrolis SedarebiT maRal dones. ar uSvebs Sec-

domebs, ramac gaugebroba SeiZleba gamoiwvios.

B1 + urTierTobas amyarebs nacnobebTan. mSobliuri enis SesamCnev zemoqmede-

bas ZiriTadad karg kontrols uwevs. Secdomebs uSvebs, magram naTelia, ris

Tqmasac apirebs.

B1 sakmaod akuratulad iyenebs xSirad gamoyenebuli `Sablonebisa~ da for-

mebis repertuars, romlebic dakavSirebulia savaraudo situaciebTan.

A2 sworad iyenebs garkveul martiv wyobas, magram mainc sistematurad uS-

vebs Zireul Secdomebs da aviwydeba aRniSnos SeTanxmeba - magaliTad, urevs

droebs da, miuxedavad amisa, ZiriTadad naTelia ris, Tqmas cdilobs.

A1 uCvenebs mxolod ramdenime martivi gramatikuli struqturisa da wi-

nadadebis formis SezRudul flobas naswavli repertuaridan.

CEFR gv. 14

iseve, rogorc Targmanis magaliTSi, cxrilis gamoyeneba niSnavs sakomuni-

kacio davalebis Sesrulebisas enis xarisxianad gamoyenebas da ara negatiuri

niSnebis dagrovebas daSvebuli sintaqsuri Tu morfologiuri Secdomebis

raodenobis safuZvelze.

es ar niSnavs, rom maswavleblebi ar unda dainteresdnen moswavlis niS-

nebiT da warumateblobebiT. piriqiT, maTi davalebebi aris specialurad imi-

saTvis, rom saSualeba miscen moswavles, es dabrkolebebi gadavalaxinoT da

mivaRwevinoT progresi. amis gamo, es Secdomebi unda dainaxon da gaiTvaliswi-

non maTi Semdgomi swavlebis praqtikaSi. Tumca, es ar unda avurioT moswavlis

enobrivi sakomunikacio davalebebis Sesrulebis unarSi.

Tu maswavleblebs surT, aRniSnon moswavlis codna sintaqsis an mor-

fologiis sferoSi, ra Tqma unda, maT sruli ufleba aqvT, ase moiqcnen da

zogierT SemTxvevaSi es SesaZloa sasargeblo stimulic aRmoCndes moswavlee-

bisTvis. Tumca, gakveTilis es arCeviTi nawili ar unda avurioT weriTi an

zepiri produqciis SefasebaSi, rogorc aseTi, da Sesabamisi Sedegebi mkafiod

unda iyos gacnobierebuli moswavleebis mier.

modiT, amis gamo, davubrundeT warmoqmnis xarisxis Sefasebas da CEFR-is mier mowodebul kriteriums. isini Zalze mravalricxovania erT SefasebaSi

gasaTvaliswineblad: me-9 SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes weriT warmoqmnaSi, me-11

ganekuTvnebodes zepir interaqtivs da me-10 _ zepir metyvelebas.

maswavleblis pasuxismgebloba mdgomareobs zogierTi maTganis arCevaSi;

albaT, ara umetes oTxisa, maTi swavlebis arCevanisa da konkretuli Sinaarsis

Sesabamisad. amave dros, cdilobs Seurios kriteriumebi, romlebic dakavSire-

bulia davalebis SesrulebasTan (Tematuri ganviTareba, gadabma, Tavisuflad

metyveleba, gadaxveva da misT.) da enis aspeqtebTan dakavSirebuli sxva krite-

riumebi (gramatikuli sizuste, fonetikuri kontroli, orTografiuli kon-

troli da misT.).

rogorc ki moxdeba am arCevanis miReba, maswavleblebs SeuZliaT mianiWon

qulebi TiToeul kriteriums da gaanawilon isini yovel kriteriumSi miRweuli

donis mixedviT, ra Tqma unda, klasis donisa da miRweuli miznebis namdvili

molodinis gaTvaliswinebiT.

modiT, aviRoT magaliTi, romelTa mizanic silabusebSi aris B1 done, ma-galiTad, safrangeTSi meoTxe weli (troisieme). zepiri interaqtivis Sefasebis

skala SesaZloa gamoiyurebodes Semdegnairad:

94

miRebuli kriteriumi done A1 done A2 done B1 done

fonologiuri kontroli 1 qula 3 qula 5 qula

sociolingvisturi Sesabamisoba 1 qula 3 qula 5 qula

moqniloba 2 qula 4 qula 5 qula

gramatikuli sizuste 2 qula 4 qula 5 qula

am magaliTis mixedviT, saubarSi an debatebSi moswavlis monawileobisas

maswavlebeli afasebs A2 donis Sesabamisad aq miRebuli pirveli sami kriteri-

umiT da B1 dones meoTxe kriteriumiT (gramatikuli sizuste) Seadgens 20-dan 15

qulas.

3. TviTSefaseba da maswavleblis Sefaseba Cans, rom Cven Sors varT wina TavSi miRebuli TviTSefasebisgan. bavSvebs

sTxoves SeefasebinaT maTi warmateba davalebebiT swavlebisas an enis maT mier

gamoyenebis dros. am mizniT maT hqondaT ELP Sesamowmebeli siebi.

Sesrulebis xarisxis maswavleblis mier Sefasebis meTodebi zemoT

CamoTvlili xarisxobrivi kriteriumebia. maswavleblis Sefasebasa da TviTSe-

fasebas Soris sxvaoba albaT warmoadgens ZiriTad problemas CEFR-isa da ELP-is Semotanisa saswavlo praqtikaSi,

Tumca, mainc aRvniSnavdiT, rom es sxvaoba ufro izRudeba, rodesac

orives gaaCnia CEFR-is saerTo Sefasebis resursi doneebTan da kompetenciebis

doneebis skalasTan mimarTebiT. ufro metic, Tu Sefasebis kriteriumebi nac-

nobia moswavleebisaTvis da maTi Sesruleba fasdeba da analizdeba am mimar-

TulebiT, maSin maswavleblis Sefaseba udavod mniSvnelovania TviTSefasebis

swavlisaTvis.

4. niSnebi da kompetenciis doneebi

am orive aqtivobas sakmaod gansxvavebuli miznebi aqvs.

maswavleblis mier miniWebuli niSnebi did rols TamaSoben gadawy-

vetilebis miRebaSi saswavlo gundebis mier, moswavleebTan da ojaxebTan erTad

maT samomavlo gegmebze da specializaciasTan dakavSirebiT. es asaxavs Ti-

Toeuli disciplinis wvlils moswavlis zogad ganaTlebaSi. Tu TiToeuli

disciplina eqvemdebareba specifikur sazRvrebs, rogoricaa Tanamedrove enebis

aucilebloba, rom calke gakeTdes moxseneba moswavlis kompetenciaze sxva eno-

briv aqtivobebSi; niSnebis miniWeba mainc unda eqvemdebarebodes saerTo max-

asiaTeblebs, safrangeTSi, magaliTad, 0-dan 20-mde qulebis skala moqmedebs.

ufro metic, yvela disciplinaSi, ucxo enaSi qulebis miniWeba moswavlis

kompetencias akavSirebs klasis donis an saswavlo periodis miznebTan.

amgvarad, SesaZloa gvefiqra, rom meoTxeklaseli moswavle, romelic

enaSi B1 kompetencias aCvenebs da, Sesabamisad, srulad aqvs miRweuli mizani

enis flobaSi, is klasis doneze imsaxurebs 20-dan 20 qulas.

imave miznis mixedviT, es maqsimaluri qulaTa raodenoba 20-dan 20 mieni-

Weboda A1 donis nebismier moswavles dawyebiTi skolis bolos, A2 done sabazo

95

skolis (college) 1 etapis bolos da B2 done zogadi ganaTlebis bolos saSualo

skolis safexurze (lycee). ratom xdeba es ase iSviaTad? ratom uaryofen amdeni skolis maswavle-

blebi, daweron niSnebi am kompetenciis donis Sesabamisi SesrulebisTvis?

pasuxi naTelia: imitom, rom tradiciulad dasmuli niSani Tanamedrove

enebSi unda cnobdes rogorc moswavlis warmatebas maswavleblis molodineb-

Tan dakavSirebiT, agreTve unda uCvenebdes, rom moswavles SeuZlia hqondes da

unda ganagrZos Semdegi progresi.

aseTi niSnis dawerisas, rodesac moswavles jer ar miuRwevia enis sruli

flobisTvis, SiSs unergavs, rom maT mier maqsimaluri srulyofis miRweva efe-

merulia.

Tumca, zustad CEFR-s ekisreba daadginos moswavlis adgili sakomuni-

kacio kompetenciis uwyvetobaSi da misi kvalificiurobis done sxvadasxva

SesaZlo donis mimarT.

Tu CEFR-is skalis da ELP-is gamoyenebiT, maswavlebels SeuZlia uCvenos

moswavleebs, Tu sad aris misaRwevi mizani am kontinuumSi saswavlo procesis

konkretul adgilidan, maT aRar SeeSindebaT moswavleebs niSAni dauweron im

mizniT. arc erTi meoTxe klasis moswavles, romelTac miRebuli aqvT 20-dan 20

qula enaSi aRar aCvenebs, rom maT miaRwies C2 dones da SeuZliaT daidgan daf-

nis gvirgvini.

rodesac niSnebi da CEFR-is skalasTan Sesabamisoba gamoiyeneba damate-

biTad, maSin maT SeuZliaT Seasrulon maTi Sesabamisi roli.

ra mniSvneloba eniWeba 14 qulas 20-idan weriTi davalebis SesrulebisT-

vis saSualo skolis meore wlis moswavlis mier, magaliTad, dawyebiTi skolis

Semdeg Seswavlil enaSi? es unda aRniSnavdes, rom moswavles jer ar miuRwevia

srulyofili kvalificiurobisaTvis am enis yvela aspeqtis aqtivobaSi, romle-

bic mocemulia A2 donis gansazRvrebaSi, magram misi Sesruleba akmayofilebs

Tundac A1 donis moTxovnebs.

aris aSkara upiratesoba enis swavlebaSi Sefasebis am ori skalis pir-

dapir gamoyenebisas:

- klasis specifikuri mizani _ imisTvis, rom aRvniSnoT moswavlis mier

davalebis Sesruleba;

- CEFR-is skala _ imisTvis, rom maswavlebeli gavaTavisufloT miniWe-

buli niSnis mniSvnelobasTan dakavSirebuli bundovanebisagan.

es xsnis nawilobriv imas, Tu ratom aris mniSvnelovani, rom ELP-m unda gaacnos moswavleebs zogadi idea doneebis Sesaxeb saSualo skolidanve, Tun-

dac am momentisaTvis es scildebodes moswavleebis momentalur unarebs, ara-

med darCes igive yvela asakis momxmareblebisaTvis.

Tumca, modiT, isev mivubrundeT 14 qulas 20-idan, romelic mocemuli iyo

nimuSad. rogorc ukve vnaxeT, es aris awonis Sedegi, romelic maswavlebelma

miiRo sxvadasxva Sefasebis kriteriumebis SejerebiT. is SesaZloa moicavdes

sxva elementebsac.

sociokulturuli codnac unda Sefasdes da SefasebaSi eqvemdebarebodes

specifikur niSnebs. ufro metic, savarjiSo xandaxan SeiZleba moicavdes sxva

sakomunikacio davalebis komponentebs, mag. damwyebTaTvis leqsikisa da gramati-

kis swavlis Semowmebas.

amis gamo, 14 qula 20-idan SeiZleba iyos moswavlis realuri kompetencie-

bis arasrulyofili asaxva. aqedan ori daskvna gamogvaqvs:

- ELP-is wyalobiT TviTSefaseba avsebs maswavleblis Sefasebas da

ukavSirdeba kompetenciis mxolod erT dones;

- aucilebelia mkafiod miuTiToT moswavleebs ras niSnavs savarjiSo an

niSani kompetenciis Sefasebisas da ras niSnavs qceva, damaxsovreba,

swavla da misT.

96

5. rodis SeiZleba CaiTvalos rom moswavlem miaRwia kompetenciis dones?

rom vupasuxoT xSirad dasmul am kiTxvas, Cven unda gamovarCioT sami

gansxvavebuli SemTxveva.

pirveli: kompetenciis donis Sesamowmebeli saSualeba warmodgenilia

sertifikatiT an gamocdiT CEFR-is kompetenciebis doneebis Sesabamisad. ma-

galiTi, romelic gvaxsendeba, aris sertifikatebi, romlebic gaica ucxouri

kulturuli centrebis Semadgeneli ALTE-s (evropaSi enis gamomcdelTa asocia-

cia) mier. am serTifikatebis Sesabamisoba saguldagulo mopyrobisa da evropis

sabWos mier evropis doneze saerTo midgomebis xelSewyobis sagania. CEFR-is skalis RirebulebisTvis mniSvnelovania, rom nebismieri damowmebuli B1 done warmoadgendes imave unarebs, miuxedavad imisa, Tu romel qveyanaSi gaica ser-

Tifikati damoukideblad enis Sefasebisa. aseTi Sesabamisobis, testebis xan-

grZlivobisa da testebis ganmavlobaSi demonstrirebuli unarebis zogadi ga-

moyenebis Sesamowmeblad gamoyenebuli situaciebis speqtris Sedegad, es ser-

Tifikatebi warmoadgenen individualuri enobrivi kompetenciis donis Semowme-

bis models.

Semowmebis meore mxare warmodgenilia testebiT, romlebic organizebu-

lia maswavleblebis mier maTi moswavleebisaTvis saswavlo wlis ganmavlobaSi.

Cven vnaxeT, rom testebis sarwmunooba da samarTlianoba SesaZloa gamoswordes

CEFR-is rigi rekomendaciebis gaTvaliswinebiT. maT aqvT TavianTi sazRvrebi:

maT ar SeuZliaT Seamowmon aqtivobebis mTeli speqtri, rac aucilebelia ga-

rantiis misacemad, rom testSi warmateba ar aris mxolod erTjeradi movlena.

zogadad misaRebi daskvnis gamotana individualuri warmatebidan rTulia, ro-

melic im faqtiT Zlierdeba, rom es Sefasebebi gakeTebulia aucileblad swav-

lebaze dayrdnobiT da garkveul doneze imdenad aris codnis Sefaseba, rogorc

kompetenciis Sefaseba.

es ukanaskneli gulisxmobs moswavleebisaTvis swavlebas, Tu rogor ga-

moiyenon ELP. zogadad moswavle iTvleba, rom enobriv aqtivobaSi kompetenciis

dones miaRwia, rodesac man SeZlo AaTi deskriptoridan warmatebiT daemowme-

bina Svidi-rva deskriptori.

Cven zemoT vnaxeT, rom ELP-is gamoyeneba moiTxovs maswavleblis mier

xelmZRvanelobas da rom TviTSefaseba swavlis procesis mniSvnelovani kompo-

nentia, romelic moiTxovs, rom kompetencia Sefasdes maswavleblis mier, ker-

Zod, Sesrulebis kvalificiuri aspeqtebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

amdenad, mniSvnelovania moswavleebi davarwmunoT, rom deskriptori ver

CaiTvleba miRweulad, Tu ganmeorebiT ar gaiara warmatebiT aRwerili davaleba

da situaciebis farTo speqtri. erTjeradi warmateba mecadineobisas an Sefase-

bisas deskriptorTan dakavSirebul davalebaSi mniSvnelovania, magram arasak-

marisi imis saCveneblad, rom moswavles SeuZlia warmatebiT Seasrulos igive

davaleba yvela situaciaSi. ELP deskriptori miuTiTebs unarze, romelic

zogadad misaRebia sxvadasxva situaciaSi.

rogorc zemoT vnaxeT, zogierTi ELP-i gulisxmobs deskriptorebTan da-

kavSirebuli adgilebis sixSires. iqneba es dawyebiTi skola Tu saSualo

skola, moswavleebma unda iswavlon sakuTari TviTSefasebis marTva. es aris ne-

bismieri ELP-is dosieebis erT-erTi daniSnuleba. moswavleebs SeuZliaT Cai-

weron es warmatebebi dosieebSi, sanam ganixilaven deskriptorebis mier aR-

niSnul kompetenciis dones srulyofilebis misaRwevad.

amis Sedegad, ramdenime SeniSvna ELP-is saklaso muSaobis sasurvel

raodenobasTan dakavSirebiT. pirdapiri, dauyovnebeli da, Sesabamisad, xSiri

97

urTierToba enis kursis muSaobasa da ELP-is deskriptorebs Soris SesaZloa

naCvenebi iyos maSin, rodesac saxelmZRvanelo an gamoyenebuli saswavlo masala

amaT zustad Seesabameba, an rodesac maswavlebeli iyenebs deskriptorebSi

ilustrirebul situaciaTa CamonaTvals. amis msgavsad, maswavlebels SeuZlia

mxari dauWiros moswavles, CarTos iseTi dokumentebi, romlebic dosieebSi maT

unarebs uCveneben. ELP-is enobrivi biografiis gamoyeneba klasSi progresis mis-

aRwevad da moswavleebis xelSesawyobad imis asaxvis mizniT, Tu ra iswavles

maT, gamonaklis xasiaTs unda atarebdes. semestrSi orjer.

enobrivi pasporti ar unda Seivsos saskolo wlis damTavrebamde an

rodesac adgili aqvs mniSvnelovani etapis _ specializaciis an ganaTlebis

cvlilebas.

98

Tavi 3

ELP.jt!hbnpzfofcb!nptxbwmffcTj!nsbwbmfopwofcjt!!

nybsebtbXfsbe!!

aqamde visaubreT CEFR-isa da ELP-is gamoyenebaze Tanamedrove enebis

swavlebaSi da konkretul enaSi moswavleebis kompetenciebis SefasebaSi. mraval

qveyanaSi, maT Soris safrangeTSi, yvela enis maswavlebeli aswavlis mxolod

erT Tanamedrove enas, romelSic isini specializdebian. ZiriTad sargebels,

romelsac isini miiReben am meTodebidan, exeba gakveTilis Catarebas mocemul

enaSi.

Tumca, Secdoma iqneboda gvefiqra, rom mxolod es aris CEFR-is funqcia. piriqiT, CEFR-i eyrdnoba enis swavlebis imgvar Sexedulebas, romelic SeiZleba

gagebuli iyos mxolod mravalenovnebis konteqstSi.

1. rogor gansazRvravs CEFR mravalenovnebas

CEFR-is ganmarteba sakmaod naTelia:

`mravalenovneba da mravalkulturuli kompetenciebi ganekuTvneba unars,

gamoviyenoT enebi sakomunikacio miznebisaTvis da monawileoba miviRoT kul-

turaTa Soris urTierTobebSi, sadac pirovnebas, romelic socialur agentadaa

miCneuli, cvalebadi donis gamocdileba aqvs sxvadasxva enaSi da sxvadasxva

kulturaSi. es ar aris garkveuli kompetenciebis damateba an dapirispireba,

aramed kompleqsuri da Tundac kompoziciuri kompetenciebis gamocdilebis

arseboba~ (CEFR, gv. 168) maswavleblebisaTvis es ganmarteba sakmaod inovaciuri da mdidaria

Tavisi mniSvnelobiT. yoveli individis mravalenovani kompetencia amasTan da-

kavSirebiT gansazRvrulia C-Ti, rogorc calke kompetencia sxvadasxva enaSi im

komponentebiT, romlebic individebs saSualebas aZlevs, daakmayofilon maTi

sxvadasxva sakomunikacio moTxovnileba. imisaTvis, rom moqmedi mravalenovani

repertuaris ganviTareba efeqturi iyos, ar SeiZleba is sxvadasxva enaze cod-

nisa da unarebis ubralo SeerTebad miviCnioT, aramed erTmaneTis Semavseblad

da sinergiad lingvistur codnasa da swavlas Soris.

CEFR-is ganmartebiT, mravalenovani kompetencia calsaxad araTanabari da

cvalebadia. sxvadasxva enaze kompetenciis doneebi, rolebic Seadgenen mrava-

lenovan kompetenciebs, SeuZlebelia identuri iyos yvela enaze yvela donis

aqtivobisaTvis. es xsnis imas, Tu ratom SeiZleba moswavle flobdes mxolod

ramdenime kompetencias konkretul enaSi, Tu es unari avsebs sxva unarebs sxva

enebSi. am gansazRvrebiT realuric ki aris, rom konkretuli personaluri an

profesiuli moTxovnilebebi da kompetenciebi enaSi mxolod enis specifikuri

aqtivobebiT unda ganviTardnen (`nawilobrivi kompetencia~).

ratom aris aucilebeli, SegveZlos lingvisturi repertuaris gadatana

sxvadasxva situaciaSi, romlebSic SesaZloa warmoiqmnas komunikaciis saWi-

roeba. sxvadasxva enaze kompetenciebs Soris am araTanabrobis aRiarebasTan er-

Tad, saganmanaTleblo qmedeba yovel moswavles unda uzrunvelyofdes saSu-

alebebiT, romelTa dakmayofileba aucilebelia SemdgomSi axali moTxovnile-

bebis Sesabamisad sxva enebis kompetenciis umaRles doneze.

99

Tu am ganmartebas gaviTvaliswinebT, mravalenovneba enis maswavle-

blebisTvis mdidari wyaro gamodis. is iZleva sakmaod myar pedagogiur safuZ-

vels kompetenciebis evropuli miznis dasabuTebisa da miRwevisaTvis mSobliuri

enisagan gansxvavebul sul mcire or Tanamedrove enaSi yvela moswavlisaTvis.

is axal perspeqtivebs usaxavs Tanamedrove enebis disciplinad Camoyalibebas,

rac aWarbebs imas, rasac konkretul enaSi specializacia hqvia.

2. sxva enebis Seswavlis aqtivobebis gaTvaliswineba

yvela an TiTqmis yvela moswavle swavlobs sul mcire or Tanamedrove enas.

konkretuli enis maswavleblebi, ra Tqma unda, ecnobian sakuTari moswavleebis

codnis dones mxolod im drois ganmavlobaSi, rac daTmobili aqvs enis swav-

lebas. miuxedavad amisa, moswavleebi met-naklebad iTviseben erTdroulad ori

sxvadasxva enis swavlebis unarebs. xSirad gaucnobiereblad aRmoaCenen, rom

TandaTanobiT qmnian am Tavis dasawyisSi aRniSnul mravalenovan kompetencias.

samwuxaroa, rom garkveuli gamonaklisebiT isini martoni arTmeven am procesebs

Tavs hipoTezebisa da sargeblis sxvadasxva donis gamocdilebis safuZvelze,

maTi maswavleblis daxmarebis gareSe.

swavleba mniSvnelovania. Tanamedrove enebis swavla aRar unda miiCneodes

sakomunikacio kompetenciebis avtonomiur konstruirebad, romelic daculi

unda iyos sxva saswavlo aqtivobebis yovelgvari kontaqtisagan, aramed rogorc

sayovelTao sakomunikacio kompetenciebis ganviTarebis Seneba. sakmaod naTelia,

rom ar arsebobs kiTxva TiToeuli enis specifikuri bunebis uaryofaze an STa-

beWdilebis moxdenaze, rom SesaZloa enebi avurioT swavlis procesSi negati-

uri Sedegis gareSe. realuri kiTxvebia: enis swavlebisas rogor SeiZleba vis-

argebloT sxva enebis wina an paraleluri swavlebisgan? rogor SegviZlia

davexmaroT moswavleebs, efeqtur warmatebas miaRwion sxvadasxva enis swav-

lebis aqtivobebs Soris?

mizanSewonilia vifiqroT, rom adre Tu gvian saxelmZRvaneloebi aRiare-

ben zemoaRniSnulis CarTvas da gaTvaliswinebas erTdrouli swavlebis

sxvadasxva kombinaciebisTvis.

Tumca ukve SegviZlia am mimarTulebis ganxorcieleba arsebuli sax-

elmZRvanelos gamoyenebiT.

am azris konkretuli ilustrirebisaTvis gadavwyviteT, gamogvekvlia

sxvadasxva enis maswavleblis mier SesaZlo qmedeba _ am SemTxvevaSi germanulis

da inglisurisa _ frang moswavleebTan, romlebmac daiwyes am ori enis swavla

saSualo skolis dawyebisTanave òrenovan~ klasebSi. es klasebi cnobilia, rom

ar warmoadgenen yvelaze gavrcelebul situaciebs, magram qvemoT moyvanili

rCevebi Seqmnilia aseTi SemTxvevebisTvis da exeba enebis yvela danarCen kombi-

nacias da klasis doneebs. Sedegi bunebrivad damokidebulia aRniSnul or

enaze, sadac maTi yvelaze mniSvnelovania kompleqsuri gamoyenebis meTodi.

warmodgenili midgoma moicavs am moswavleebis saxelmZRvaneloebis de-

talur Seswavlas, raTa sworad movifiqroT SesaZlo sayrdeni punqtis dadgena

mocemuli ori enis urTierTSevsebisaTvis. adgilisa da mkiTxvelebis moTxovne-

bis gaTvaliswinebiT, romlebsac ar gaaCniaT aranairi interesi am ori enisadmi,

Cven es kvleva unda gavagrZeloT inglisuris (New Live) da germanulis (Aufwind) saxelmZRvaneloebis pirveli ori Tavis Seswavlis Sesabamisad.

CEFR-is mier rekomendebuli `qmedebaze orientirebuli midgomis“ da am

nawilis pirvel TavSi aRwerili procedurebis Sesabamisad, unda daviwyoT am

or saxelmZRvaneloSi warmodgenili davalebebis gamokvleva erTdroulad da-

bali saSualo skolebis ELP-is Sesamowmebel siebTan erTad. am sax-

elmZRvaneloebis pirvel or TavSi Semdegi Adeskriptorebi gvxvdeba:

100

A1 laparaki sxvasTan (zepiri interaqtivi)

- SemiZlia vTqva vin var, sad davibade, sad vcxovrob da moviTxovo imave tipis

informacia sxvisgan

- SemiZlia vTqva, ras vakeTeb, rogor var da sxvas vkiTxo, Tu rogor aris

- SemiZlia warvadgino vinme, mivesalmo da davemSvidobo

- SemiZlia martivad vesaubro xalxs, visac vicnob da sxvebs davusva kiTxvebi

- SemiZlia vupasuxo martiv personalur kiTxvebs da davsva msgavsi kiTxvebi

- SemiZlia daviTvalo, davasaxelo raodenobebi da vTqva, Tu ra droa.

- SemiZlia SemiZlia mivawodo winadadeba an SevTavazo rame vinmes

- SemiZlia visaubro Sexvedraze da gamoviyeno magaliTad, `Semdeg kviras~, `ga

sul paraskevs~, `noemberSi~, `sam saaTze~

AA2 vinmesTan laparaki

- SemiZlia gamovxato daTanxmeba an uaryofa martiv formebSi.

A1 mosmena da gageba (auraluri aRqma)

- SemiZlia gavigo martivi instruqciebi da informacia.

A1 uwyveti gamoxatva an wera (zepiri Sesruleba an weriTi gamoxatva)

- SemiZlia Sevadgino martivi frazebi `da~, `magram~, `Semdeg~ sityvebis gamo-

yenebiT.

am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, radganac silabusebi erTnairia yvela enisT-

vis, es sia sakmarisia imis saCveneblad, rom arsebobs xandaxan prognozirebadi

mravali saerTo Sexebis wertili.

Tumca imisTvis, rom swavlebaze daskvnebi gamovitanoT unda ganvagrZoT da

vnaxoT, Tu rogor arTmeven Tavs saxelmZRvaneloebi am unarebs. ra gvaiZulebs

davyoT es deskriptorebi davalebebad da situaciebad, rogorc es gverdze ga-

vakeTeT? maSin unda miviRoT saerTo pozicia da gansxvavebuli midgomebi ori

saxelmZRvanelosaTvis.

A1 vinmesTan saubrisas SemiZlia vTqva: vin var, sad davibade, sad vcxovrob da moviTxovo imave tipis informacia

sxvisgan

New Live Aufwind

SemiZlia vTqva Cemi saxeli Tavi 1. Tavi 1.

SemiZlia aso-aso vTqva Cemi saxeli Tavi 1.

SemiZlia vkiTxo sxvas misi saxeli Tavi 1 Tavi 1.

SemiZlia vTqva, romel qalaqSi da/an

qveyanaSi vcxovrob Tavi 1.

SemiZlia vTqva, saidan var da vkiTxo

sxvas igive informacia Tavi 2 Tavi 1

101

SemiZlia vTqva, ras vakeTeb, rogor var da vkiTxo vinmes Tu rogor aris.

New Live Aufwind

SemiZlia vTqva, Tu rogor var da

vkiTxo vinmes rogor aris Tavi 2.

SemiZlia warvadgino vinme, mivesalmo mas da davemSvidobo

New Live Aufwind

SemiZlia warvadgino vinme da

vTqva misi saxeli Tavi 1 Tavi 1

SemiZlia warvadgino vinme da gamovxato

misi kavSiri CemTan (naTesavi, megobari) Tavi 1

SemiZlia vikiTxo vinmes saxeli Tavi 1 Tavi 1

SemiZlia mivesalmo megobars Tavi 1 Tavi 1 da Tavi 2

vesalmebi mozrdilebs Tavi 1

SemiZlia vupasuxo telefons Tavi 2

SemiZlia movibodiSo, rodesac

sxvas velaparakebi Tavi2

SemiZlia visaubro martivad CemTvis nacnob xalxze da sxvas davusva kiTxvebi

New Live Aufwind

SemiZlia mivuTiTo vinmes xarisxze

an Tvisebaze Tavi 1

SemiZlia davasaxelo ramis feri Tavi 2

SemiZlia vupasuxo martiv personalur kiTxvebs da davsva msgavsi kiTxvebi

New Live Aufwind

SemiZlia vTqva, ris gakeTebis

ufleba maqvs Tavi 2

SemiZlia vTqva, ris gakeTeba

SemiZlia Tavi 2

SemiZlia vikiTxo, Tu maqvs ramis

gakeTebis ufleba Tavi 2

102

SemiZlia vTqva, ris gakeTeba minda

da ar minda Tavi 1

SemiZlia vikiTxo, Tu ris gakeTeba

surs sxvas Tavi 1

SemiZlia vTqva, rac ar vici Tavi 1

SemiZlia Tvla, raodenobisa da drois gamoxatva

New Live Aufwind

SemiZlia 10-mde daTvla Tavi 1 Tavi 1

SemiZlia davTvalo 10-ze zeviT 2. Tavi 2

SemiZlia mimateba Tavi 1 da 2

SemiZlia vTqva, ramdeni wlis var da

vkiTxo sxvas, ramdeni wlis aris Tavi 2 Tavi 2

SemiZlia vTqva, ra droa Tavi 1

SemiZlia winadadeba mivawodo an SevTavazo vinmes raime.

New Live Aufwind

SemiZlia warvudgino vinmes rame Tavi 1

SemiZlia yuradReba mivapyro rames Tavi 1

SemiZlia davpatiJo vinme ramis

gasakeTeblad Tavi 2

SemiZlia visaubro paemanze an Sexvedraze da gamoviyeno, magaliTad, `Semdeg

kviras~, `gasul paraskevs~, `noemberSi~, `sam saaTze~

New Live Aufwind

SemiZlia vikiTxo, rodis tardeba raime Tavi 2

SemiZlia mivuTiTo movlenis an

Sexvedris dRe da dro Tavi 2

103

A2 laparaki sxvasTan SemiZlia gamovxato Tanxmoba an uaryofa martivi formiT.

New Live Aufwind

SemiZlia vTqva, veTanxmebi Tu ara Tavi 1 da 2 Tavi 1 da 2

SemiZlia miviRo an uarvyo mowveva Tavi 2

SemiZlia vTqva, Tu ratom uarvyof mowvevas Tavi 2

SemiZlia vaCveno, rom gaocebuli var Tavi 1

A1 mosmena da gageba

SemiZlia gavigo martivi instruqciebi da informacia

New Live Aufwind

SemiZlia gavigo samuSaos

miTiTebebi klasSi Tavi 1

SemiZlia gavigo martivi

miTiTebebi saxlSi Tavi 2

SemiZlia gavigo martivi informacia Tavi 1

A1 zepiri an weriTi namuSevari

SemiZlia avago frazebi `da~, `magram~, `Semdeg~-is gamoyenebiT

New Live Aufwind

SemiZlia avago frazebi `da~

kavSiris SeerTebiT Tavi 1 da 2 Tavi 1

SemiZlia gamovxato problemasTan

dakavSirebuli ori fraza

`magram~-is gamoyenebiT Tavi 1 da 2

Tu moswavleebs moeTxovebaT, rom msgavsi Sesamowmebeli siebis gamoyene-

biT Seafason maT mier saxelmZRvaneloebidan Seswavlili masala, maSin isini

SeamCneven am ori swavlis aqtivobidan sakmao raodenobis saerTo punqtebs da

ufro meti xalisiT gaecnobian enobriv xerxebs, romelTa gamoyenebac maTTvis

xelmisawvdomia ucxo enaze mosaubreebTan urTierTobisaTvis.

isini SeniSnaven gansxvavebebsac, romlebic sainteresoa sami mizezis gamo.

pirveli, rom am gansxvavebebis codna Zlieri stimulia moswavleebisTvis, raTa

isini isev miubrundnen da gamoiyenon is, rac iswavles dawyebiT skolaSi da

saSualebas miscems, Seasrulon es davalebebi. es agreTve saintereso iqneba

104

maswavleblebisaTvis, rogorc vnaxeT, imisaTvis, raTa gaiTvaliswinon es saWi-

roebebi saxelmZRvaneloSi moyvanili davalebebis Sesasruleblad situaciebTan

adaptirebiT an SecvliT an, sadac mizanSewonilia, axali davalebebis Camate-

biT, raTa gaaqtiurdes moswavleebis prioritetuli codna.

meore da, albaT, yvelaze mniSvnelovania is, rom am gansxvavebis codna

SesaZloa aRmoCndes Zalian efeqturi biZgi imisaTvis, raTa moswavleebma Tavad

dasaxon enobrivi miznebi. im faqtma, rom maT germanulad jer ar SeuZliaT

Tqvan, ris gakeTeba SeuZliaT, miuxedavad imisa, rom maT es naswavli aqvT ing-

lisurad, SeiZleba gaaZlieros swavlis moTxovnileba.

amasTan dakavSirebiT, unda aRiniSnos, rom ramdenime punqts, romlebic

mxolod erT saxelmZRvaneloSi gvxvdeba zemoT moyvanil cxrilebSi, me-3 TavSi

gansakuTrebuli yuradReba daeTmoba meore enis SeswavlisaTvis:

- mozrdilis misalmeba;

- Tqma, Tu ris gakeTeba surT;

- vinmesTvis ramis wardgena;

- Tqma imisa, Tu romel qalaqSi/qveyanaSi cxovrobs sxva;

- drois gamoxatva.

danarCens ganvixilavT me-4 da me5 TavSi:

- mobodiSeba vinmesTan saubrisas;

- ramis arcodnis gamoxatva;

- vinmes wardgena, masTan kavSiris aRniSnva

(naTesavi, megobari);

- problemis dasma, ori frazis gadabma

`magram~ kavSiriT;

- Tqma imisa, Tu ris gakeTeba moswonT da ra _ ara;

- vinmes dapatiJeba ramis gasakeTeblad;

- movlenis an Sexvedris dRisa da

drois miTiTeba;

- mowvevis miReba an uaryofa ramis

gasakeTeblad.

zogierTi maTgani warmodgenili ar aris me-6 Tavamde

- Tqma imisa, Tu ris ufleba aqvT;

- Tqma imisa, nebadarTulia Tu ara ramis gakeTeba vinmesTvis;

- ikiTxon, rodis tardeba rame.

sabolood, mocemuli saxelmZRvanelodan detaluri Sedarebis mesame

upiratesobam SesaZloa maswavleblebi im SemTxvevaSi daainteresos, Tu es mi-

zanSewonili iqneba Sesaswavl enaze davalebebis siis dasamateblad, romlebic

am unarebis SeswavliTaa nakarnaxevi: saxelis aso-aso wera, vinmes mokiTxva, Se-

jameba, pasuxi telefonze saubrisas.

axla unda mimovixiloT ori saxelmZRvanelo; kvlav SemofarglebiT

pirveli ori TaviT, kerZod ki _ lingvisturi kompetenciis (leqsikuri da

gramatikuli) ganviTarebiT.

leqsikuri TvalsazrisiT, samuSaos moculoba gansxvavebulia am or sax-

elmZRvaneloSi: 77 sityva inglisurSi da 48 germanulSi, romelTa dazepirebac

aucilebelia.

Tumca, mniSvnelovania sul sxva sakiTxi. inglisuris saxelmZRvanelo me-2

TavSi moswavleebs sTavazobs Semdegi strategiis SemuSavebas: ìmisTvis, rom

gaxde inglisuris kargi mkiTxveli, iswavle yvela sityvis amokreba, romelsac

amoicnob: romlebic hgavs franguls; inglisuri sityvebi, romlebic agreTve ga-

moiyeneba frangulSi~.

es exeba ELP-s deskriptorebs dabali saSualo skolisTvis ise, rogorc

moyvanilia qvemoT:

105

A1 kiTxva da gageba: Cemi meTodebi

SemiZlia gamovicno teqstis Sinaarsi ilustraciebis gamoyenebiT

SemiZlia gamovicno sityvebis mniSvneloba, romlebic ar vici,

maTi msgavsebis gamoyenebiT Cems enasTan an sxva enasTan, romelic vici

agreTve SemiZlia...

fiqris es procesi ar aris germanuli saxelmZRvanelos prerogativa, sa-

dac SesaZloa davinaxoT, rom pirvel or TavSi Cndeba 48 sityva:

- 13 maTgani nacnobia frangulidan (Familie, Post, Karte, Baby, Club, Flote, Tennis, fotographieren, Musik, Theater, Volleyball, Basketball, Orchester);

- Tormeti germanuli sityva am Tavidan gviCvenebs did msgavsebas ing-

lisur sityvebTan (was/what, is/ist, and/und, hello/hallo, friend/Freund, ball/Ball, com-puter/Computer, man/mann, to sing/singen, to swim/schwimmen, mother/Mutter, fa-ther/Vater).

amis gamo, es niSnavs, rom mkafiod gamoyenebuli strategia inglisuris

kursSi SesaZloa miviRoT, rogorc didi Semobruneba germanulis kursSi: am

ori Tavis sityvebis naxevarze meti am midgomis asaxvaa.

sabazo skolis safexurze ELP-sTan muSaoba moswavleebs saSualebas mis-

cems, aRniSnon inglisuris swavla am kategoriis Sesabamis adgilas. es iqneba

agreTve kargi SesaZlebloba, Tu germanulis maswavlebels ecodineba, rogor

isargeblos aqedan, uCvenos moswavleebs, rom strategia SeiZleba gavrceldes

sxva enebze da SeviswavloT misi sargeblianoba germanulisTvis, da, amasTanave,

mivagnoT mraval leqsikur saerTo fesvsa Tu nasesxobas germanulsa da ing-

lisurs / frangulsa da germanuls Soris.

ori saxelmZRvanelos erTsa da imave TavSi gramatikis Sedareba ar as-

axavs saerTo momentebs indikativis awmyoSi damxmare da wesieri zmnebis uR-

lebis garda. es ar aris gasakviri da sakmaod marTebulia, radgan franguleno-

vani moswavleebis sirTule or enaze ar aris identuri. Tumca, ori sax-

elmZRvanelos Sedareba maswavleblebis yuradRebas unda iqcevdes zogierT

msgavsebaze, romelic gaSifruli ar aris:

- orive saxelmZRvanelo pirvelive Tavidanve iwyebs mokled `neuter~ saSualo sqesis arsebobiT, da inglisurad brunebis cxrilSi aranairi

axsniT, ufro vrclad _ germanulad da amjerad arsebiTi saxelebis

sqesTan kavSirSi;

106

- am or enaSi ricxvebis warmoeba eqvemdebareba Zalian msgavs proce-

durebs;

- rogorc germanulSi, ise inglisurSi, moswavleebi gaigeben 1-li ricx-

vis formebs (èins~, òne~) da mis ganusazRvrel artiklebs (èin(e)~ da a(n)~. magram arc erTi am ori saxelmZRvanelodan ar amaxvilebs

yuradRebas im gansxvavebaze, romelic ar aris frangulSi;

107

- orive saxelmZRvanelo warmoadgens “'s~-is identur formebs, romel-

sac Zalian gansxvavebuli gamoyeneba aqvT am or enaSi: `vin aris es

kaci?~ “Who's this man?~ (elision of “is~) / “Ich bin's~ (elision of “es~);

- germanuli winadadebisTvis zmnis pozicia problematuria, is gramati-

kuli axsnis sagania me-2 TavSi. Tumca, pirveli ori Tavis detaluri

Seswavla gviCvenebs, rom inglisuri winadadebis wyoba garkveul

msgavsebas gviCvenebs xalxSi gavrcelebul gamonaTqvamebTan. amis ma-

galiTia `saidan xarT?~ (New Live, page 38) da (New Live, page 38) an

globaluri kiTxva `SemiZlia..?~(New Live, page 34) da “Machst du auch mit?~ (Aufwind, page 22).

savsebiT naTelia, rom es momentebi ar warmoadgenen ZiriTadi interesis

sagans da sirTuleebsac ar iwveven am ori enis swavlaSi. Tumca, SeiZleba dav-

interesdeT, Tu ra daskvna gamoaqvT moswavleebs am msgavsebebidan da

gansxvavebebidan. Sesabamis adgilze sasurveli iqneboda agvecilebina maswav-

leblis mokle SeniSvna, Tu ra iswavles moswavleebma ucxo enebSi? kargi ar

iqneboda, ori enis swavlebisas gamogveyenebina damTxvevebi ise, rom saTanado

swavlebis meTodiT SesaZlebeli gamxdariyo erTis meoriT gaZliereba?

es ori kiTxva exeba or enas, rogorc sistemebs. isini iyeneben sakomuni-

kacio kompetenciis sxva komponentebsac pragmatul, sociolingvistur da

leqsikur mimarTulebebsa da strategiebSi.

bolo magaliTi gviCvenebs or enas Soris damTxvevebis gaSuqebis

mniSvnelobas mxolod leqsikur an gramatikul msgavsebebze. Aufwind me-2 TavSi

da New Live me-6 TavSi moswavleebi swavloben imis Tqmas, Tu ris gakeTeba mis-

wonT maT (an ar moswonT) da konkretulad ras afaseben an saerTod ar afase-

ben. Tumca, am or enaSi saerToa is, rom leqsikur doneze isini aSkarad

gansxvavdebian mowonebis gamoTqmaSi (gern, mogen / to like) da siyvarulis ga-

moTqmaSi (lieben / to love). ori enis maswavleblebma ician, rom es warmoSobs sir-

Tuleebs imave sityvis àimer~ frangulSi gamoyenebis gamo. sasargeblo ar iqne-

boda, moswavleebisaTvis wamogvewyo asaxvis Zalian zedapiruli Sedarebebis

procesi germanuls, inglisursa da franguls Soris, raTa es koncefciebi

ufro naTeli gamxdariyo maTTvis?

105-e gverdze aRvniSneT, rom es midgoma sasargeblo iyo yvela situaci-

aSi da yvela klasSi, romlebSic moswavleebi swavloben ramdenime Tanamedrove

enas. Cven amis magaliTebs ufro sxva saxelmZRvaneloebSi vxvdebiT, vidre

imaTSi, romlebic zeviT gavaanalizeT. magaliTad, qvemoT moyvanili sax-

elmZRvanelo, gamiznuli moswavleTaTvis, romlebic iwyeben germanuls ML2-ze, sistematurad CaurTavs sxva rameebs Soris saTaurs Sprachbrucken (erTi enidan

meoreze gadasvla) yvela TavSi.

rodis da ra formiT SeiZleba gakeTdes aseTi Sedareba ori enis masalas

Soris?

108

es urTierTTanamSromlobaa am or

Temas Soris, rogorc Cans, maSin, rodesac

klasis maswavleblebi floben meore enis

kompetenciebs da / an gamonaxaven dros

Seikribon, raTa Seadaron maTi swavlebis

lingvisturi Sinaarsebi da erTad

SeimuSaon situaciebis sia, romelic

moswavleebis TviTSefasebis saSualebas

miscems.

Zalian sasargebloa, roca moswav-

leebs sTavazoben, Seavson maTi ELP-ebi an situaciebis siebi, romlebic uCveneben im

dokumentSi deskriptorebs. es aqtivoba aR-

viZebs konkretul interess naswavli ene-

bisadmi.

Tumca, sasargeblo situaciebi ar aris

moswavlis swavlis aqtivobis yvela mosazre-

bisaTvis winapiroba.

ufro metic, es damTxveva SesaZloa

gaxdes gansakuTrebuli interesis sagani

misTvis sabazo skolis safexurze franguli

ELP-isadmi miZRvnili seqciis wyalobiT.

2 3 Cven aq gvaqvs SesaZlebloba, moswav-

leebma Seafason msgavsebebi da gansxvavebebi

or enas Soris swavlidan ramdenime kviraSi.

SesaZloa, es paragrafebi waikiTxon moswav-

leebma, vTxovoT maT, moiyvanon magaliTebi,

romlebic axsendebaT da romelTa komentire-

bac SesaZlebelia koleqtiurad da Semdeg

vTxovoT maT, monaxon sxva magaliTebi indi-

vidualurad, romlebic SeiZleba Semdeg

ganixilon. swavlis adreul etapebze indi-

vidualur kvlevas SeiZleba daexmaros

cxrili Tavisufali adgilebiT, romelsac

moumzadebs maswavlebeli; am cxrilSi iqneba

erTi an ori enis garkveuli elementebi da

unda Seivsos Sesabamisi elementebiT sxva

enaze. idealur SemTxvevaSi, or sxvadasxva

maswavlebels SeuZliaT es samuSao Caataron

erTad an klasebs Soris monacvleobiT, ro-

melTagan TiTo mieZRvneboda TiToeul enas.

4 am punqtze muSaoba moswavleebTan SeiZleba

maSinve daiwyos, rogorc ki maswavlebeli an

maswavleblebi SeniSnaven aseTi tipis àRre-

vas~ or enas Soris; magaliTad, naweri na-

109

muSevris gasworebisas an zepiri gamoTqmis fazaSi. aq moswavles unda gavacno-

bierebinoT, rom, bunebrivia, maswavlebeli maTgan moelis enis Tanmimdevrul

gamoyenebas swavlis situaciaSi da erTi enidan meoreze gadaxtomis Tavis

aridebas. Tumca, unda darwmundnen, rom aseTi Secdoma ar aris seriozuli da

aSkara da droebiTia. ufro metic, yvelam viciT, rom terminebis es gamoyeneba

sxva enidan Seesabameba bunebriv da xSirad TiToeuli pirovnebis mravaleno-

vani kompetenciis saTanado gamoyenebas. Tumca es ganapirobebs imas, rom maswav-

leblebi aRrevis dros Tanxmdebian gadawyvetilebis miRebaze. am ELP-is para-grafis Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, mizanSewonili iqneboda Tu ara, magaliTad,

daetuqsa moswavleebi, rodesac terminebs or enaze savarjiSoSi aurevdnen an

gamoTqmis davalebaSi ver Seavsebdnen davalebas, an gamoiyenebdnen mSobliur

enas an upasuxebdnen raRac gaugebrobas?

5 am punqtze muSaobisas ELP-s SeeZlo, magali-

Tad, CaerTo trivialuri inglisuri sityvebis

identifikaciis gadmotana germanulis sax-

elmZRvanelos pirvel or TavSi, rogorc es

zemoT iyo warmodgenili.

6 am rCevas mniSvnelovani azri aqvs swavlis

dros moswavlis avtonomiis ganviTarebaSi. am

aspeqtis gaanalizeba moswavleebTan imisTvisaa

saWiro, rom kritikulad ganvixiloT is dask-

vna, romelic gamoaqvT, es ki mniSvnelovani sa-

ganmanaTleblo mizania.

zemoT moyvanili magaliTebi inglisuri da germanuli saxelmZRvaneloe-

bidan miuTiTebs faqtze, rom aqamde cota ram keTdeboda enis klasebSi, kerZod,

enebis siaxloveze, romlebic erT ojaxs miekuTvnebian. Sesrulda mniSvnelovani

Sroma, romelic uCvenebs mis potencials romanuli da germanikuli enebis

swavlebaSi.

moswavleebis sxvadasxva saswavlo aqtivobas Soris sinergiis mravali

SesaZleblobis gamokvlevis Semdeg, axla SegviZlia Sefasebis sakiTxi gan-

vixiloT.

udavoa, rom moswavleebis mier sxvadasxva enebis Seswavla damoukideblad

unda moxdes. aRvniSneT is upiratesobani, romlebic SeiZleba hqondes maswavle-

blebs Soris konsultacias imis Taobaze, Tu rogor unda Catardes Sefasebebi

ELP-is Sesamowmebel siebze dayrdnobiT (ix. Tavi 2, nawili 2).

meore mxriv, SesaZloa vinmes daainteresos, Tu ratom ar unda iyos

sxvadasxva enis swavlebis aqtivobebiT mravalenovani kompetenciis ganviTarebis

swavlebis mizani codnis specifikuri Sefasebis sagani.

SesaZloa sxvadasxva formis gamogoneba, rac Semdeg gasagebi iqneboda

pirveli klasis moswavleebisaTvis, romlebsac namuSevari aqvT zemoT ganx-

ilul or saxelmZRvaneloze da rac am Tavebidan naswavlze iyo agebuli.

modiT, ganvixiloT ramdenime magaliTi:

- moswavleebi mousmendnen Sereul inglisur da germanul sityvebs da

maT sTxovdnen, aReniSnaT TiToeul sityvaSi maxviliani marcvali

(orive saxelmZRvanelo gvTavazobs am tipis savarjiSos maTs Sesabamis

enebSi);

- moswavleebi mousmendnen Sereul inglisur da germanul sityvebs an

gamoTqmebs, rogorc nacnobs, ise ucnobs da maT sTxovdnen aReniSnaT

110

(magaliTad, cxrilSi aR-

niSvniT) Tu romeli enidan

aris es sityvebi an gamoTqmebi,

raTa Semowmdes maTi akusti-

kuri codna, am ori enis max-

vili da prosodiuli max-

asiaTeblebi; qvemoT moyvanili

dawyebiTi skolis espanuri

enis saxelmZRvanelo war-

moadgens am mimarTulebis

savarjiSos;

- moswavleebis mier frang, ger-

manel da inglisel bavSvebs

Soris mokle saubris gageba

moswavleebisaTvis nacnob Te-

mebze, romlebSic TiToeuli

moswavle ilaparakebda mSob-liur enaze misTvis nacnobi formebis ga-

moyenebiT. es uCvenebda moswavleebs konkretuli formiT maTi kompe-

tenciis farglebs da gaacnobda maT sametyvelo situaciebs enobrivi

mravalferovnebisadmi pativiscemiT da praqtikas, romelic xSirad

bunebriv situaciebSi gvxvdeba sxvadasxva enaze metyvelTa urTierTo-

bisas.

3. mravalenovnebis Sefaseba moswavleebSi

`Sefaseba~ niSnavs moswavleebisa da maTi kompetenciebis ganxilvas.

Sedegad, zemoT moyvanil paragrafebSi aRwerili procesi SesaZloa moswavlis

enis kompetencias aRar ganixilavdes dapirispirebis formiT, rogorc es Semdeg

ararealur magaliTSia:

inglisuri

espanuri

A1A2B1B2C1C2

magram Semdegi:

espanuri

111

da misT.

am moswavlis kompetenciis Caweris mizania, warmoaCinos mravalenovani

kompetenciis koncefcia vizualur formaSi. moswavles aqvs sxvadasxva enis

gagebis unari: kerZod, werilobiTi teqsturi resursebis farTo diapazoni.

Tundac is, rom am enebis kompetenciebi aseT warmodgenaSi ararealurad moCans

(Tundac imitom rom Sorsaa yoveldRuri praqtikisgan), is daasabuTebda, rom

sasurveli Sedegis misaRebad yvelaze efeqturi saSualebaa. nebismier

SemTxvevaSi is aris Tanamimdevruli da Zalian advili gamosayenebeli ELP-iT

Sefasebisa da TviTSefasebis meSveobiT. ar arsebobs mizezi, Tu ratom ar aris

SesaZlebeli aseTi gziT moswavlis SesaZleblobebis suraTi miviRoT im

SemTxvevaSi, rodesac Stati wers moxsenebas mis enobriv kompetenciebze im

mizniT, rom Sefasdes, Tu mravalenovnebis TvalsazrisiT, ra doneze iqna miR-

weuli mizani konkretuli unarebis SesaZenad mocemuli meTodis gamoyenebiT.

am tipis sqemas, romelic moicavs sxvadasxva kompetenciis diapazons, aqvs

sxva upiratesobac. is moicavs moswavlis mier nalaparakev da naswavl yvela

enas, mSobliuri enis CaTvliT, sxvadasxva mSobliur enas, romlebzec, SesaZloa,

isini laparakobdnen ojaxebSi an megobrebis jgufSi da enebs, romlebsac isini

dauflebian, Tundac nawilobriv, skolis gareT, vizitebisas, saswavlo pe-

riodSi, ardadegebze an ama Tu im enaze mosaubreebTan regularul kontaqtSi.

ELP-is konsultirebisas Cven SevamCnieT kargad mofiqrebuli arCevani,

romlis mixedviTac CarTuli unda iyos ufro meti ena, vidre skolebSi iswav-

leba.

enobrivi pasporti profilebs cvlis eqvs sxvadasxva enaSi.

112

Sesamowmebel siaSi fran-

guli ELP-isTvis TiToeuli

deskriptoris win moswavle

modelis mixedviT ganixi-

lavs oTxidan eqvs aRsaniSn

rgols, romelTagan Ti-

Toeuli sxvadasxva enas

Seesabameba.

araviTar SemTxvevaSi enis maswavleblebisgan ar unda movelodeT, Seas-

wavlon naswavli enisagan gansxvavebuli ena. maT, ubralod, unda movuwonoT,

rodesac isini ar afaseben moswavleebs lingvisturi kompetenciebis ugulebe-

113

lyofiT. moswavleebis gamxneveba, Seavson maTi ELP-ebi klasSi an skolaSi nas-

wavli enebisgan gansvavebul enebis TviTSefasebiT, uCvenebs maT lingvistur

profils da mravalenovan kompetencias, romelic unda daicvan da gaaerTianon.

yoveli konkretuli enis maswavlebeli unda iqceodes aRmzrdeliviT da

Tvlides Tavs nawilobriv pasuxismgeblad moswavleebis ganaTlebaSi mraval-

ferovnebisa da mravalenovnebis mimarTulebiT.

enis maswavleblis amocanaa, moswavle aiyvanos kompetenciis SesaZlo

umaRles doneze misi mSobliuri enisgan gansxvavebul sul mcire or enaze.

Tumca enis swavla mtkiced unda miiCneodes xangrZliv procesad. aravis

SeuZlia gansazRvros, ra dasWirdebaT enis moswavleebs maT pirad da profe-

siul momavalSi, ra tipis enobrivi aqtivoba da gamocdilebis ra doneze iqneba

maTTvis is moTxovnili. amis gamo, enis swavlebis pasuxismgebloba yoveli

moswavlis aucilebeli zogadi pirovnuli kompetenciebiTa da meTodologiuri

Tu emociuri unarebiT uzrunvelyofaa, rac maT moandomebs gaamdidron, ganavi-

Taron da gaamravalferovnon enobrivi codna da kompetenciebi.

meTodologiur swavlasTan erTad, rac mocemulia saxelmZRvaneloebSi,

sabazo safexuris skolisTvis franguli ELP Seicavs ramdenime gverds, `swav-lis Cemeuli meTodebi~, rac moswavleebs sTavazobs gzebs, Tu rogor ganavi-

Taron sakuTari damoukidebloba ise, rom moicvan yvela ena, romlebsac swav-

loben.

yvela ELP afasebs iniciativasac, romelic SeiZleba gamoiCinon moswav-

leebma enebis gamoyenebaSi maTi mawavleblis xelmZRvanelobiT an pirovnul sa-

fuZvelze.

114

115

aq SegviZlia analogia moviyvanoT musikis, sportisa da fizikuri ganaT-

lebis swavlebasTan. am ori disciplinis mizania, moswavleebi aRWurvos cod-

niTa da unarebiT. mizani aris agreTve is, rom moswavleebs misces musikaluri

an individualuri Tu koleqtiuri sportis gamocdileba. igive SeniSvna mie-

sadageba enis maswavleblebs: enis maswavleblis warmateba SesaZloa gaizomos,

Tu ra doneze aZlevs is mis moswavleebs survils, ena gamoiyenos klasis gareT.

ELP-i saSualebas aZlevs moswavleebs, warmoaCinos Tanamedrove enaSi Sesrule-

buli aqtivobebi, inciativebi, kontaqtebi am enaze molaparakeebTan. mravaleno-

vani da mravalkulturuli kompetenciis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT, ELP-i erT

mTlianobad ganixilavs klasSi Tu mis gareT SeZenil unarebs, skolaSi da pi-

rovnul safuZvelze naswavli enebis gamoyenebas, skolis, moswavlisa Tu

ojaxis iniciativiT ganxorcielebul kontaqtebsa da vizitebs. Sesabamisad,

ELP-i aniWebs maswavleblebs damatebiT rols, romelic scdeba enis, rogorc

sagnis swavlebas. amis gamo, isini iseT situaciaSi arian, rom SeuZliaT

SeurCion TavianT moswavleebs swavlis mimarTulebebi da mianiWon

mniSvnelovani Rirebuleba am iniciativebs sxvadasxva tipis gamocdaSi, rac gaT-

valiswinebulia ELP-Si. sabolood, mravalenovani ganaTleba unda iTvaliswinebdes mravalferov-

nebas. Cven mokled unda mivmarToT orive maTgans, enebs Soris Suamdgomlobasa

da sxvadasxva enebis gamoyenebas verbalur gacvlebSi.

rogorc Cans, mravalenovani ganaTlebis sxvadasxva gzebis TvalsazrisiT,

Cven SevexeT adgils, sadac jer kidev mcire pedagogiuri eqsperimenti mimdi-

nareobs. am Tavis danarCen nawilSi unda ganvixiloT amJamad naklebad gamo-

yenebuli moqmedebis zogierTi forma, magram ueWvelad davadasturebdiT maTs

Semdgom gamoyenebas.

rodesac aRvniSneT sxvadasxva enobrivi aqtivoba, romelic dadgenilia

CEFR-is mier, SevxvdiT Sualedur aqtivobas, rasac naklebi yuradReba daeTmo

mas Semdeg. Tumca, enebs Soris Suamdgomloba farTodaa gavrcelebuli; amasTan

dakavSirebiT, gTavazobT magaliTs: moswavle, romelic maspinZlobs ucxoel me-

gobars Tavis saxlSi, bunebrivad CarTuli iqneba Suamavlad, raTa, Tuki

dasWirdeba, ucxoels gadauTargmnos misi mSoblebis naTqvami an piriqiT,

uTxras mSoblebs, ra unda mis megobars. rogorc wesi, or enas Soris dis-

balansia da aq laparaki ar aris `klasikur~ Targmanze.

ELP-ze muSaobisas aseTi asaxva, rogoric qvemoT moyvanil magaliTSia,

savsebiT realuria:

situaciebi, romlebSic unda memoqmeda Suamavlad or (an met) enas Soris

. . . . . sad? ra konteqstSi?. . . . . . . . .

visTan erTad? visTvis? . . . .

gamoyenebuli ena. . . . . . .

SeniSvnebi (warmateba - sirTule - rogor SemiZlia Cemi Tavi ukeTesad

movamzado an ufro warmatebuli viyo aseT situaciebSi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

meore, xSirad ganmeorebuli situaciaa, rodesac individs uwevs gadavides

erTidan meore enaze verbaluri gacvlebisas, an roca misi leqsika erT enaze

iwereba, an roca laparakis Tema icvleba, an roca ena TandaTan dominanturi

xdeba erT-erTi mosaubris survilis an saWiroebis gamo.

116

aq isev xelSemwyobi asaxva SeiZleba iyos mniSvnelovani. aman SeiZleba

miiRos sxvadasxva forma.

SeiZleba am azris asaxvas Tan daerTos, magaliTad, dosie.

ra situaciebSi milaparakia ramdenime enaze?

sad? visTan? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ena, romelic gamomiyenebia rodis? ra Tema? ratom es ena?

SeniSvnebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cven es Tavi mravalenovan ganaTlebaze misi erT-erTi mTavari aspeqtiT

unda davamTavroT: ganaTlebis dafaseba da pativiscema enobrivi da kulturuli

mravalferovnebisaTvis.

ubralod, unda mivmarToT ELP-Si Semavali dabali klasebisaTvis

gankuTvnil buklets ènebi da maTi mravalferovneba~, romelic gvTavazobs ma-

117

salebs enis swavlebaze imisaTvis, raTa moswavleebma Seicnon realoba da mra-

valferovnebis mniSvneloba.

rom gavyveT imave xazs, enis maswavleblebs SeuZliaT CarTon ELP-sTan

muSaobaSi Semdegi damatebiTi aqtivobebi:

enebis gamocdileba, romlebic ar vici, magram...

1) ena, romelic gamigonia

gagonili ena rogor unda gamovicno is? ra gavige da rogor?

2) enebi, romlebzec vkiTxulob

ena, romelic gvxvdeba weraSi rogor gamovicani is? gavige Semgedi winadadebebi da

setyvebi

118

ukve aRvniSneT, rom es prospeqtebi mainc unda iqnes aRmoCenili da gam-

didrebuli pirovnuli gamocdilebiT. gzam, romelic mkiTxvelebma am wignis

eqvsi Tavis meSveobiT gaiares, maT saSualeba misca, gaegoT sidiade ucxo ene-

bisa da ganaTlebis sxva safexurebi, rac saxelmZRvaneloebSia warmodgenili.

es midgoma aris pirveli wvlili, gaRebuli TiToeuli mkiTxvelis mier,

raTa koleqtiurad Seiqmnas enis swavlebis forma, romelic TandaTanobiT mra-

valenovan ganaTlebad unda iqces.

119

daskvna

mas Semdeg, rac Tanamedrove enis swavleba gaxda disciplina sakuTari

uflebiT, is yovelTvis miiswrafvis ufro meti efeqturobisaken. es procesi

axal stimuls maSin iRebs, roca enobrivi unarebi da sxva kulturebSi SeWrili

molaparakeebTan komunikaciis unari xdeba pirovnuli da koleqtiuri moTxovna

yvela evropelisaTvis.

sami ZiriTadi gamowveva am sferoSi ganviTarebas niSnavs.

pirveli aris efeqturobis garemo yvela moswavlisaTvis. es moiTxovs,

sxvaTa Soris, zusti miznebis dasaxvasa da sasargeblo progresis orientirebiT

uzrunvelyofas, progresis Sefasebasa da warmatebul pedagogikas, romelic

eyrdnoba moswavlis realur kompetencias.

meore aris evropuli da saerTaSoriso ganzomileba, romelic etapo-

brivad mamoZravebeli Zala xdeba Tanamedrove enebis swavlebisa da swavlisT-

vis. is aris disciplinis legitimaciis centraluri faqtori, rac ganapirobebs

pirovnul motivaciasa da pirad valdebulebas, rac mniSvnelovania enis swav-

lisaTvis.

mesame: enis Seswavla xangrZlivi aqtivobaa, romelic xandaxan Zalze au-

cilebeli xdeba. ganaTlebis sistemam moswavleebi unda aRWurvos unarebiT

ramdenime enaSi. man aseve Tanabrad unda aRWurvos isini qceviT, unarebiTa da

zogadi kompetenciiT, romelic TavianTi enobrivi unarebis gasamdidreblad da

gasaviTareblad skolis gareT SeuZliaT gamoiyenon.

CEFR-i da ELP-i gvTavazoben mniSvnelovan meTodebs da axal per-

speqtivebs am sami amocanis sapasuxod safrangeTSi enis swavlebaSi. am wignis

mizania gviCvenos, Tu ra doneze SeuZlia am meTodebs, daexmaron Tanamedrove

enis swavlebas da daexmaros enis maswavleblebs TandaTan miaRwion maT gansa-

kuTrebul miznebs.

rasakvirvelia, unda warmovidginoT, rom maswavleblebs SeuZliaT gamoi-

yenon am meTodebis mTeli potenciali sxvadasxva etapis dacvis gareSe, romle-

bic SeiZleba iyvnen pirveladi mniSvnelobis (TviT)swavlebaSi. sakmaod advilia

aRvweroT moTxovnili pirveli etapi:

- saxelmZRvanelos gaanalizeba, raTa dadgindes SemoTavazebuli amo-

canebi da aqtivobebisa da dokumentebis sirTulis doneebi;

- enis aqtivobebis Sesrulebis organizeba sakomunikacio davalebis

farglebSi;

- Sefasebis ganxorcieleba CEFR-is doneebze dayrdnobiT;

- vaswavloT moswavleebs TviTSefaseba;

- gaecnon Tanamedrove enebis saxelmZRvaneloebis analizs, frangulis,

rogorc ucxo enis, CaTvliT.

evropul doneze am meTodebis swrafi warmatebis erT-erTi Sedegia axali

saWiroebebis warmoqmna, romlebzec evropis sabWom ukve daiwyo muSaoba: enis

gamocdebisa da serTifikatebis Sesabamisoba CEFR-is doneebTan da meTodebis

SemuSaveba, romlebic Sesabamisi iqneba mSobliuri, meore da saskolo enebisaT-

vis.

Tanamedrove enebis sagrZnobma ganviTarebam, wesisamebr, axali meTodebisa

da Teoriebis gamoCena gamoiwvia. sxvadasxva harmoniuli gavlena axla adas-

turebs sasargeblo efeqts Tanamedrove enebis swavlebis procesze. zogadad

politikuri da ganaTlebis politikaSi gadawyvetilebis mimRebebma misi sas-

wrafo saWiroeba daafiqsires, rom yvela moswavle evropaSi aRiWurvos Sesabam-

isi unarebiT enaTa swavlis sferoSi da Sefasdes axalgazrda evropelebis

120

realuri standartebi Tanamedrove enebSi. sxvaTa Soris, is aisaxa evrokavSiris

programaSi `ganaTleba da swavleba 2010~, romlis mizania, danergos sakomuni-

kacio kvalificiuroba mSobliuri enis garda sul mcire or enaSi. am saWiroe-

baze koleqtiuri moTxovnileba im momentSi wamoiWreba, roca evropis sabWo ev-

ropul saxelmwifoebs miawvdis zogadi enobrivi Sefasebis programasa da evro-

pul enobriv portfolios, romlis meSveobiTac es politikuri miznebi unda

gardaiqmnas konkretul sasargeblo qmedebebad.

cxadia, kompetenciis koncefcia gasaRebia am saWiroebebis Sesabamisi

pasuxebisa. davinaxeT, rom sadac kompetenciebi yuradRebis centrSia, iq ixsneba

axali perspeqtivebi evropul mobilurobasa da evropuli ganzomilebisTvis. ma-

galiTad, es SemTxveva iyo profesiul ganaTlebaSi, sadac Tanamedrove enebi

SeiZleba eyrdnobodes savaraudo kompetenciebis specifikacias. enis swavlebis

problema aris codnasa da unarebs Soris kavSiris damyareba (ar avurioT `kom-

petencia~, rogorc ganmartebulia CEFR-Si SezRuduli raodenobis situaciebSi

saTanadod reagirebis unarSi); mokled, sakomunikacio kompetencia davnergoT

moswavleebis sayovelTao kulturaSi.

rodesac vakvirdebiT, Tu ra siswrafiT ikavebs kompetenciebis es koncef-

cia mniSvnelovan adgils yvela sagnis gansazRvrebaSi rogorc erovnul, ise

evropul doneze, SeiZleba mizanSewonilad miviCnioT, rom is, rac axla

SesaZlebelia Tanamedrove enebis mimarT, is SesaZlebeli iqneba sxva disci-

plinebisTvisac. am TvalsazrisiT, azri imis Sesaxeb, rom enis maswavleblebi

SeiZleba gaxdnen skolebSi evropuli ganzomilebebis ganmaviTareblebi, albaT

zogadevropuli kompetenciebisa da evropuli enobrivi portfolios axali

mniSvnelobis dasawyisia.

121

ufrtufcUbo-!gpuptvsbUfcUbo!eb!jmvtusbdjfcUbo!eblbwTjsfcvmj!ebnpxnfcvmj!mjufsbuvsjt!tjb!

p.5: © F. Goullier - p.6: Ed. Didier, 2001 - p.7: Ed. Didier/CIEP/ENS, 2004 - p. 13 : Studio 60, A1, Ed. Didier, 2001- p. 16 : Studio 60, A1, Ed. Didier, 2001 - p. 22 : Nuevos Rumbos 2e annee, Ed. Didier, 2005/Dessin Marlene Pohl - p. 23 : Lili Marzipan, cycle 3 niveau 1, Ed. Didier, 2003/Dessins Bruno Conquet & Francois Davot ; (b) Studio 100, p. 49, Ed. Didier, 2001/Dessins Dom Jouenne p. 24 : (h) Westock Image State/Sunset/XL Tle, Ed. Didier, 2003 ; (m) Going Places 1re, Ed. Didier, 2004 ; (b) Tandem 2, p. 51, Ed. Didier, 2003/Dessin Marie Marthe Collin - p. 25 : (h) Andiamo… Avanti !, 3e annee, seconde LV2, p. 93/Hachette Livre, 2002 ; (m) Going Places 1re/Ed. Didier, 2003 ; (b) “The Salvation Army~ by Jean Francois Rafaelli, courtesy Christies images/The Bridgeman Art Library (Giraudon)/XL Tle, Ed. Didier, 2003 - p. 26 : (b) Tandem 2, p. 43, Ed. Didier, 2003/Dessins Deletraz - p. 27 : (h) : Tandem 2,p.23, Ed. Didier, 2003/Photographes : (hg) Jean-Philippe Duret, (bg) Gable/Jerrican, (hd) Gaillard/Jerrican, (bd) Olivier Martel/Hoa Qui ; (b) Tan-dem 1, p. 44, Ed. Didier, 2003 -p. 28 : (h) Andiamo… di nuovo !, p. 147/Hachette Livre, 2005 ; (b) Il matrimonio di Renzo et Lucia © MP/Leemage/Andiamo… avanti ! 4e annee, premiere LV2, p. 97/Hachette Livre, 2003 - p. 30 : Nuevos Rumbos 1re, Ed. Didier, 2004/Editions Albert Rene/Goscinny-Uderzo - pp. 31-33 : Aufwind 6e/Ed. Didier, 1999/Dessins Eric Heliot/Jean Francois Rousseau - p. 35 : Hallo Freunde 6e/Ed. Didier, 1981-pp. 37, 38, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 49, 58 : CECR/Ed. Didier, 2001 - p. 61 : Lili Marzipan, cycle 3 niveau 1, Ed. Didier, 2004/Dessins Bruno Conquet & Francois Davot - p. 62 : Aufwind 6e,Ed. Didier, 1999 - p. 63 : (m) Domino & Co, Ed. Didier, 2005/Dessins Bruno Conquet & David Bart ; (b) New Live 6e, Ed. Didier, 2000/Carte The European Newspaper, D. R - p. 65 : (h) New Live 3e,Ed. Didier, 2003 ; (b) XL Tle, Ed. Didier, 2003 - p. 66 : (h) Nuevos Rumbos Tle, Ed. Didier, 2005 ; (b) Alternative 1re, Ed. Didier, 2005 - p. 67 : Nuevos Rumbos Tle, Ed. Didier, 2005 - p. 68 : XL Tle, Ed. Didier, 2003 - pp. 69, 70 : Alternative 1re, Ed. Didier, 2005 - p. 72 : Ed. Didier, 2001- p. 75 : Inspection Academique du Bas-Rhin - p. 77 : PEL pour le college, Ed. Didier, 2003 - p. 78 : Nuevos Rumbos 1e annee, Ed. Didier, 2004/Dessins Valerie Gilbert & Philippe Sedletzki - p. 79 : (h) Zusammen LV2, Ed. Didier, 2005 ; (b) Alternative 1re, Ed. Didier, 2005 - p. 80 : Alternative 1re, Ed. Didier, 2005 - p. 82 : Nuevos Rumbos Tle, Ed. Didier, 2005 - p. 83: Nuevos Rumbos 1re, Ed. Didier, 2004/www.prismaarchivo.com - pp. 84-85 : CECR/Ed. Didier, 2004 - p.86: Tandem 1, p. 25, Ed. Didier, 2003/Photographes : Andre Edouard/Photononstop, Jean Philippe Duret - p. 87 : (h) Tandem 1,p.26, Ed. Didier, 2003/Dessin Je t’aime/Editions Alternative ; (b) Nuevos Rumbos 1e annee, Ed. Didier, 2004 -p. 88 : Going Places 1re, Ed. Didier, 2004 - p. 91 : Zusammen LV2 1e annee, Ed. Didier, 2005 - p. 92 : Nuevos Rumbos 1e annee, Ed. Didier, 2005 - p. 93 : (h) David Purdy/Sun Herald/Going Places 1re, Ed. Didier, 2004 ; (b) New Live 3e, Ed. Didier, 2003 - p. 94 : New Live 3, Ed. Didier, 2003/Photo Scala, Florence -p. 95 : Alternative 1re, Ed. Didier, 2005/Frank Schultze/Zeitenspiegel - p. 111 : Ed. Didier, 2004 -p.112 : (hg, mg) New Live 6e, Ed. Didier, 2000 ; (hd, md, bd, bg) Aufwind 6e, Ed. Didier, 1999/Dessins Eric Heliot & Jean Francois Rousseau - p. 113 : (h, mg) New Live 6e, Ed. Didier, 2000/Dessins : Gabs ; (md) Aufwind 6e, Ed. Didier, 1999 - p. 114 : Zusammen LV2 1re annee, Ed. Didier, 2005 - p. 115 : Ed. Didier, 2004 - p. 117 : Piruli cycle 3, niveau 1, Ed. Didier, 2003/Dessin Brigitte Halle -p. 119 : (h) Ed. Didier, 2003 ; (mb) Ed. Didier, 2001, 2004, 2006 - p. 120 : Ed. Didier, 2001, 2004 - p. 121 : Portfolio Europeen des langues 15 ans et + © CRDP Basse-Normandie/Ed. Didier 2006 -pp. 123-124 : Ed. Didier, 2004. Nous avons recherche en vain les editeurs ou les ayants droit de certains textes et illustrations re-produits dans ce livre. Leurs droits sont reserves aux Editions Didier.

122

Cover design: Studio Favre et Lhaik Mise en page: Nord Compo “Illegal photocopying is the improper and collective use of photocopying without the permission of the authors and editors. It is widespread in schools and similar institutions and threatens the future of books by jeopardising their economic balance. It deprives authors of their just reward. Total or partial reproduction of this work is prohibited except for the copier’s private use.~ “The Act of 11 March 1957 authorising, pursuant to paragraphs 2 and 3 of Article 41, on the one hand only copies or reproductions strictly reserved for the copier’s private use and not intended for collective use~ and, on the other hand, only analyses and short quotations intended for example or illustration. “Any representation or reproduc tion whether whole or in part carried out without the consent of the author or his/her successors or beneficiaries is unlawful~ (Paragraph 1 of Article 40). “Such representation or reproduction by whatever procedure would there fore constitute a coun-terfeit punishable under Articles 425 et seq of the Criminal Code.~

French edition: Les outils du Conseil de l’Europe en classe de langue, Cadre europeen commun et Portfolios © Les Editions Didier, Paris 2006 ISBN 2-278-06116-X English edition: © Les Editions Didier/Conseil de l’Europe, 2007

123

evropis sabWos wvlili Seaqvs evropuli sivrcis

enobrivi sferos formirebaSi 1960 wlidan.

evropis sabWos miTiTebebi - enaTa flobis

zogadevropuli kompetenciebi da evropuli eno-

brivi portfolio - qmnian tandems; bolos wina

nawili Seqmnilia maswavlebelTa da sxva pro-

fesionalebisTvis, meore ki principulad

gankuTvnilia moswavleebisa da sxva Semswav-

lelebisaTvis, miuxedavad maTi asakisa da swav-

lis Sinaarsisa.

rogor exmarebian es miTiTebebi pedagogiuri ma-

salebis, midgomebisa da miznebis enis swavlebis

ganaxlebis ganxorcielebas maTi aRwerebiTa da

analizis meSveobiT? ra oficialuri teqstebiT

xelmZRvaneloben isini? rogor arian `kompeten-

ciebi~ da `portfolio~ urTierTdamokidebulni?

rogorSeiZleba maTi praqtikuli gamoyeneba

klasSi da rogor daexmareba is moswavleebs

ufro metad avtonomiurebi gaxdnen swavlaSi?

es wigni pasuxobs am da sxva mraval kiTxvas, Tu

ras sTavazobs `programa~ da iZleva mraval ma-

galiTs, romelTa umravlesobac, praqtikuli

miznebis gamo, aRebulia am tomis gamomcemlebis

uaxlesi katalogebidan.

es wigni mTel evropaSi enis maswavleblebisTvis

saintereso iqneba, romlebic mis gverdebze ad-

vilad ipovnian maTi qveynis ganaTlebis sisteme-

bisaTvis Sesabamis magaliTebs.

124

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evropis sabWos enaTa swavlebis instrumentebi