Evolution Pretest

Evolution Pretest

Prepare to take a pretest! Please put everything away except for a

pen.

Challenge: What is

biological Evolution?

Homework: Search up a type of organism that underwent biological evolution. Write 15 sentences about that animal. (Write on loose

leaf) Lesson 1

April 23, 2012

Task:• Do Now: Make a KWL chart in your

notebook about what you know and want to learn. Leave the “What you Learned” empty. Work with your group members

What you know

K What you want to learn

W What you learned

L

What is Evolution?• Evolution is the changing of genetic material in a

population over time. • These changes can result in a variety of traits within

a population.• Evolution helps to understand the history of life, due

to the fact that all humans have a common ancestor. • Charles Darwin is considered the founder of

evolution because of his theory of evolution.• Evolution is mainly caused by natural selection.• People are not the only species that undergo

evolution, plants and animals do too.

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/educators/teachstuds/svideos.htm

l

Challenge: Who is Charles Darwin and

his significance in the theory of evolution?

Homework: Restate the Darwin’s theory of evolution and the significance.

Lesson 2

April 24, 2012

Seat Changes3

6

7

14

25

Section C

Section B

Section A

Section CSection BSection A

Seat Changes• Section C• Group 1:• Brayan• Anna • Soha• Group 2:• Jonathan• Julissa• Sabrina• Group 3:• Heaven• Alex• Jackie

• Section B• Group 4: • Said• Jessica• Andy• Group 5• Peter• Nicola• Hans

• Section A• Group 7: • Kevin• Zawareen• Evrana• Group 5• William• Ada• Vicky• Calvin

Charles Darwin• Charles Darwin is considered the father of the

theory of evolution.• Charles Darwin is an English scientist known and

credited for proposing the theory of evolution.• Darwin observed that not all species or

individuals are able to survive in their environment.

Charles Darwin ->

The Theory of Evolution

• Darwin’s theory is that all life is related and has descended from a common ancestor as a result of natural selection.

• Natural selection is the process in which organisms change and adapt according to their environment

• http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/educators/teachstuds/svideos.html

Galapagos Islands ->

ChimpanzeesPan Troglodytes

• Both us humans and chimpanzees are able to use tools to build up or down our environment, as well as assisting in daily challenges.

• Chimps are able to make spears, use stones as hammers, and mash leaves into pulp for the use of makeshift sponges.

• Chimpanzees are able to communicate verbally using various sounds such as hoots, grunts, screams, pants, and other.

• They also use gestures are their most used method of communication.

• Chimpanzees use their facial expressions when surprised, grinning, pleading, and comforting.

• Chimpanzees use their show of teeth as a sign of aggression or danger; whereas humans smile by showing teeth.

Chimpanzee making tools

Chimpanzees VS. Humans

• Though humans are more carnivorous than chimpanzees, chimpanzees occasionally hunt and kill other mammals. Otherwise, restricting themselves to fruit and possibly insects.

• Humans and chimpanzees walk bipedally walking on both legs, though chimpanzees walk on all four.

• Human feet are straight with toes at the front to help push directly ahead when walking, whereas chimpanzee feet have opposable big toes and are more like strong hands than feet. They are used for climbing and crawling, involving sideways, diagonal, or rotating movements.

• Physically, humans and chimpanzees are very similar. The eyes of the human have white irises, whereas chimpanzees have a dark brown color. The irises of the human eyes are useful to see where one is looking; therefore, the color of the chimpanzee's iris camouflages the pupil, assisting in hunting.

Human and chimp eyes

ChimpanzeesPan Troglodytes

• Both humans and chimpanzees are omnivorous; eating meat and plants.

• Humans and chimpanzees see in color, helping to choose ripe fruits and plants. The sight is binocular; meaning the eyes are pointed straight forward in the same direction.

• The brain of the chimpanzee has a volume of 370 mL. On the other hand, humans have a brain size of 1350 mL.

• Chimpanzees have 48 chromosomes, two more than humans.

• It is thought that this is because in a human ancestor, two pairs of chromosomes fused into a single pair.

• Even two completely unrelated humans are usually genetically more similar than two sibling chimpanzees.

Chimpanzee and human

chromosomes

Chimpanzee Brain

NeanderthalsHomo Neanderthalensis

• The brains of newborn Neanderthals and that of a newborn human's have looked very similar. However, after birth the shape of the newborn human rapidly changes and becomes more round. Compared to humans' head, the head of a Neanderthals were long. As a result, the foreheads of the Neanderthals were low and sloped.

• The Neanderthals in general are more physically diverse. They are larger boned and are heavily muscled.

• Similar to humans, Neanderthals walk on both feet. • Based on the discovery of the variety of MC1R gene that

associates with the traits in bones of Neanderthals, it is said that Neanderthals were most likely to have red hair along with a fair/pale complexion. The occipital bun is the bulge behind the head of the Neanderthal. Neanderthals had an average brain size of 1,450 cc with a range from 1,125cc to 1,750cc. The average modern human brain size today is 1,330cc. The front face of a Neanderthal had large and defined brow ridges that extended over their eyes.

Challenge: What evidence supports the theory of evolution?

Homework: Create a timeline of major events in life on earth. Include major eras, periods, and events

(ie. The start of life on earth)Opening: Complete the skeleton activity worksheet,

using the word bank on the bottom.

April 25, 2012

Life On Earth• Life on earth began 4.6 billion years ago• Started as an Eukaryotic cell • As sexual reproduction occurred, various species

resulted, producing the different species we have today.

• Due to the large number of species that were produced, scientists decided to divide the time of life on Earth into eras and periods.

Fossil Records• Organisms preserved as fossils were buried under

layers of mud or sand that later turned into rock. • Methods of dating including radioactive dating

determines the age of fossils• Scientists and paleontologists study and observe

the characteristics of the fossils to come up with a conclusion.

• Fossils show the changed in evolution over time. In addition, it shows the relatedness between two or more species.

Genes in Evolution• The study of genes supports the understanding of

the theory of evolution because biological evolution is simply defined as a change in genetic material within species over time.

• Genetics have been able to explain how organisms pass on the characteristics of their species, while at the same time retaining individual differences.

• As a result of genetic mutations and genetic drift, species can change over time.

• Genetic mutations create and produce the variety of species we have today.

Challenge: What is anthropology and how does it affect

evolution?Homework: Study for the Posttest tomorrow!!!

Create a timeline of major events in life on earth. Include major eras, periods, and events

(ie. The start of life on earth)Opening: Discuss with your group on what you think

anthropology is.

April 26, 2012

Anthropology• Anthropology comes from the two Greek words:

Anthropos meaning human and logos meaning study of. Together anthropology means the study of humans

• There are four types of anthropolgy:• Cultural anthropology• Archeology• Linguistic anthropology• Physical anthropology

Cultural Anthropology• Cultural anthropology is the

study of people that are alive, the cultures, ideas and innovations of modern times.

America’s cultural anthropology includes playing baseball and eating hamburgers.

Archeology• Archeology the branch of

anthropology that studies prehistoric people and their cultures.

Indiana Jones is a famous archeologist

Linguistic Anthropology

• Linguistic anthropology is the study languages and writing in past cultures.

• Hieroglyphs• Graffiti• Writing

Egyptian hieroglyphs and graffiti are types of linguistic anthropology

Physical Anthropology• Physical anthropology is the

study of bones and DNA and human evolution.

Human DNA and fish fossils are part of physical anthropology

JeopardySpecies Theory of

Evolution RandomAnthropology

100

100

100

100

300

300

200

200

200

200

300

300

Species 100•Question: What are Pan Troglodytes?

Species 100•Answer: Chimpanzees

Back to Game board

Species 200•Question: Which species are closest to humans?

Species 200•Answer: Chimpanzees

Back to Game board

Species 300•Question: What shape of ribcage/chest do Neanderthals have?

Species 300•Answer: Funnel-shaped ribcage/chest

Back to Game board

Theory of Evolution 100

•Question: Where did Darwin go to study his theory of Evolution?


•Answer: Galapagos Islands

Back to Game board


•Question: What is Darwin’s theory of Evolution?


• Answer: Darwin’s theory of evolution is that all life is related and descended from one common ancestor.

Back to Game board


•Question: What is Natural Selection?


• Answer: Natural selections helps organisms change and adapt according to their environment.

Back to Game board

Anthropology 100•Question: How many types of anthropology?

Anthropology 100• Answer: 4; Cultural Anthropolgy; Archeology; Linguistic anthropology; Physical anthropology

Back to Game board

Anthropology 200•Question: Who studies fossils?

Anthropology 200

•Answer: Archeologists

Back to Game board

Anthropology 300•Question: What type of anthropology includes the study of hieroglyphs, writing and graffiti?

Anthropology 300• Answer: Linguistic Anthropology

Back to Game board

Random 100• Question: What resource do scientists and paleontologists use to support evolution?

Random 100• Answer: Fossil Records

Back to Game board

Random 200•Question: What causes the various species we have today?

Random 200•Answer: Mutations in Genes

Back to Game board

Random 300•Question: Life began as ________ cell, about _._ billion years ago.

Random 300•Answer: Life on earth started as a Eukaryotic cell about 4.6 billion years ago.

Back to Game board

Notes for teachers• For teachers: Standards• E.L1.S1.Q1• E for evolution• L1 stands for lesson • S1 stands for slide 1 of the lesson• Q1 stands for the question numbers• What are the features archeologists must identify in

skulls?• Do now for lesson 3: What is anthropology? What are

types of anthropology?• Search up a type of skull and using the activity we

did today, observe physical features and write 10 sentences about it. Write on loose leaf.

Documents

Evolution Pretest