Every Athlete’s Injury The one area of the body that all athlete’s need to pay greatest attention to is the leg - more importantly the thigh - video -

Every Athlete’s Injury

• The one area of the body that all athlete’s need to pay greatest attention to is the leg

- more importantly the thigh- video

- this is especially true for sprinters

• We are going to look at three injuries that are the result of speed/velocity

• “I pulled my GROIN!”

• “That’s a hammy!”

• “I got a charley horse”

• The thigh is the area of the body spanning distally from the knee and proximally to the hip

• It is composed of a single bone, the FEMUR and many muscles

-largest, longest and second strongest bone in the human body

- can withstand 30 times an adult’s weight!

HeadGreater Trochanter

Lesser Trochanter

Shaft (Linea aspera)Patellar surface

Lateral condyle

Medial condyle

Trochanter:

Condyle:

Bony prominences at the proximal end of the femur; muscle attachment for hip and thigh muscles

A rounded prominence at the end of a bone, most often for articulation with another bone

Sacrum

Ilium

Iliac crest

Pubis

Ischium

Coccyx

Anterior Superior iliac crest

Anterior Inferior iliac crest

Acetabulum

The Pelvis

Ischial tuberosity

The Hip Joint• the hip joint is the articulation of the proximal end of the femur (head) and the acetabulum of the pelvis

What type of joint? Ball and socket

• is the primary connection between the appendicular skeleton of the lower body and the axial skeleton

• to understand the musculature of the hip and thigh we will look at it from 4 different areas: flexor/extensors, adductor, anterior and posterior

Hip Flexors and ExtensorsThe Glutes

Gluteus maximus Gluteus medius

Gluteus minimus

Gluteus maximus

O: crest of ilium, sacrum and coccyx

I: greater trochanter of femur and iliotibial tract

F: hip extension and external rotation

Gluteus medius

O: lateral surface of ilium

I: posterior surface of greater trochanter

F: abduction and internal rotation of the hip

Gluteus minimus

O: lateral surface of ilium

I: anterior surface of greater trochanter

F: abduction and internal rotation of the hip

Tensor fasciae latae

O: anterior iliac crest

I: iliotibial tract

F: flex, abduct and medially rotate thigh

Sartorius

O: anterior superior iliac spin

I: medial surface of tibia

F: (crosses 2 joints) flexion and lateral rotation of hip and helps flex knee

Gluteal muscles: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdGD1dGOEAw&feature=related

Adductors: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1loym2KxcfQ&feature=related

Anterior: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xFmIK0rtw98&feature=related

Posterior: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4FdWHFl8jo4&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdGD1dGOEAw&feature=related



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1loym2KxcfQ&feature=related



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xFmIK0rtw98&feature=related



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4FdWHFl8jo4&feature=related



Psoas minor

-present in less than 50% of the population

-evolutionary remnant

Iliacus

O: inner surface of ilium

I: less trochanter of femur

F: hip flexion

Psoas major

O: first 5 lumbar vertebrae

I: lesser trochanter of femur

F: hip and trunk flexion

Iliopsoas

Hip Adductors

Adductor longus

O: body of pubis

I: linea aspera

F: hip adduction

Adductor magnus

O: inferior pubis and ischial tuberosity

I: linea aspera

F: hip adduction and extension

Adductor brevis

O: inferior of pubis

I: linea aspera

F: hip adduction and flexion

Gracilis

O: inferior pubis

I: below medial tibial condyle

F: adducts hip and flexes knee

Pectineus

O: supeior pubis

I: lesser trochanter to linea aspera

F: hip adduction and flexion

















Anterior Thigh (Quadriceps) –4 muscles

Vastus lateralis

O: lateral side of linea aspera and greater trochanter

F: knee extension and hip flexion

Vastus intermedius

O: anterior shaft of femur

F: knee extension Vastus medialis

O: medial aspect of linea aspera

F: knee extension

Rectus femoris

O: anterior inferior iliac spine

F: knee extension and hip flexion

All quad muscles join into patellar tendon, wrap around the patella and insert on the tibial tuberosity of tiba

Rectus femoris














Posterior Thigh -Hamstrings

Semitendinosus

O: ischial tuberosity

I: tendon inserts on proximal tibia below medial condyle

F: flexes and internally rotates knee and extends hip

Biceps femoris

O: 2 heads – 1 off ischial tuberosity and 1 off linea aspera

I: heads join into head of fibula

F: extensor of hip and flexor of knee; rotates flexed knee

Semimembranosus

O: ischial tuberosity

I: posterior aspect of medial tibial condyle

F: flexes and medially rotates knee; extends hip





“I pulled my GROIN!” (GROIN strain)

** Remember, ligaments sprain and MUSCLES STRAIN**

• An injury to the one or more of the thigh adductor (groin) muscles

Caused by quick acceleration or a sudden change in direction

• 3 Grades of strains

Grade I: mild discomfort; no limit to activity

Grade II: moderate discomfort; limited running/jumping; some swelling and bruising

Grade III: PAIN when walking; swelling and bruising

Adductor longus

Treatment = R.I.C.E

-may have to limit physical activity depending on severity

-gradual introduction back to sports

“That’s a hammy!” (Strained hamstring)

• An injury to the posterior muscles of the thigh (hamstrings)

Caused by overextension of leg during high velocity activities

• 3 Grades of strains

Grade I: minor tears; tightness in knee flexion, discomfort when walking, minor swelling

Grade II: partial tear; limp; pain in knee flexion and palpation; swelling

Grade III: complete tear; crutches?, PAIN, swelling immediate

Treatment = R.I.C.E

- limit physical activity depending on severity

-Anti inflammatory drugs

-stretching

- video

“I got a charley horse” (Quadriceps contusion)

• An injury often to the anterior muscles of thigh (quads)

Often caused by a rapid impact to the muscle

-muscle compressed against a bone (femur)

• Also called “dead leg”

• 2 types:

Intramuscular: tearing of muscle within sheath; limited visible bleeding, but loss of function; days or weeks to recover

Intermuscular: tearing of muscle and part of sheath; visible bleeding, visible bruising, recovery quicker

• 3 Grades:

Grade I: tightness in thigh; little swelling and some trouble walking

Grade II: swelling, pain upon palpation, unable to full flex at knee, pain during activity; limp

Grade III: immediate swelling, severe pain, crutches; out 3-12 weeks

Documents

Every Athlete’s Injury The one area of the body that all athlete’s need to pay greatest attention to is the leg - more importantly the thigh - video -