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Evaluation of the Uveitis Patient
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Uveitis
§ Group of inflammatory disease§ Affects multiple eye locations§ Potentially blinding
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Evaluation Approach
§ Different uveitis causes, classifications§ Provide accurate description§ Generate differential diagnosis§ Directed ancillary, laboratory testing
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Uveitis classification
§ Location§ Severity and course§ Pathology§ Demographics§ Laterality§ Etiology
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Example 1
§ 25 yo caucasianman
§ Acute recurrent bilateral NG IC
§ One eye at a time§ Low back stiffness
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Example 2
§ 40 yo asian woman§ Chronic bilateral G
panuveitis§ Serous retinal
detachment§ Systemic symptoms
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Example 3
§ 50 yo caucasianwoman
§ Chronic G panuveitis
§ Vitritis, deep yellowish lesions
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Uveitis Classification
§ Iritis§ Iridocyclitis§ Intermediate uveitis
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Uveitis ClassificationPosterior
§ Retinitis§ Retinochoroiditis§ Chorioretinitis§ Choroiditis§ Panuveitis
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Uveitis Classification
§ Multifocal (Diffuse )
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Let’s Do a Hx and Exam…
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Uveitis HistoryDemographics
§ Age § Sex§ Race
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Uveitis HistoryHPI
§ Antecedent Events§ Course§ Treatment§ Previous workup
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Uveitis History
§ Geography§ Family History§ Personal history:pets, diet, sex, drugs
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Uveitis Symptoms
§ Acute IC§ Chronic IC§ Chronic intermediate§ Retinitis/retinochoroiditis§ Chorioretinitis/Choroiditis
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Uveitis SignsIOP
§ Acute§ Chronic
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Uveitis SignsExternal
§ Conjunctiva/sclera§ Pupil§ Lids
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Uveitis SignsExternal
§ Conjunctiva/sclera§ Pupil§ Lids
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Uveitis SignsExternal
§ Conjunctiva/sclera§ Pupil§ Lids
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Uveitis SignsExternal
§ Conjunctiva/sclera§ Pupil§ Lids
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Uveitis SignsSLE:KP
§ Size § Location
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TechniquesSlit beam: “optical knife”
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Uveitis SignsA/C Cell Grading
§ 0= none§ Occasional=1-4§ 1+=5-9§ 2+=10-19§ 3+=20-50§ 4+=>50
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A/C Signs
§ Hypopyon
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Uveitis SignsFlare Grading
§ 0=none§ 1+=faint§ 2+=moderate (clear details)§ 3+=marked (hazy details)§ 4+=severe (plastic, fibrin)
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Iris
§ Color§ Nodules (koeppe, bussaca)§ Topography§ Vessels§ Synechiae
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Iris
§ Color§ Nodules (koeppe,
bussaca)§ Topography§ Vessels§ Synechiae
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Iris
§ Color§ Nodules (koeppe, bussaca)§ Topography§ Vessels§ Synechiae
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Iris
§ Color§ Nodules (koeppe,
bussaca)§ Topography§ Vessels§ Synechiae
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Iris
§ Color§ Nodules (koeppe,
bussaca)§ Topography§ Vessels§ Synechiae
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Iris
§ Color§ Nodules (koeppe,
bussaca)§ Topography§ Vessels§ Synechiae
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Iris
§ Color§ Nodules (koeppe,
bussaca)§ Topography§ Vessels§ Synechiae
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Uveitis SignsSLE:Lens
§ Pigment§ Cataract
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Uveitis SignsOphthalmoscopy
§ SLE§ Indirect
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Uveitis SignsVitreous Opacity Grading
§ Ophthalmoscopy§ Clarity§ Grading
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Vitreous Signs
§ Vitreous cells§ Snowballs§ Snowbanks
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Retinal Vessels
§ Arterioles§ Venules§ Neovascularization
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Optic Nerve
§ Swelling§ Inflammatory§ Granulomatous
§ Neovascularization
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Optic Nerve
§ Swelling§ Inflammatory§ Granulomatous
§ Neovascularization
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Optic Nerve
§ Swelling§ Inflammatory§ Granulomatous
§ Neovascularization
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Retinitis
§ CMV§ Syphilis§ Toxoplasmosis§ Fungal§ Herpetic
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Chorioretinal Scars
§ Sarcoid§ Syphilis§ MCP§ Histo§ AMPPE/Serpiginous§ VKH§ Toxo§ SO
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Chorioretinal Scars
§ Sarcoid§ Syphilis§ MCP§ Histo§ AMPPE/Serpiginous§ VKH§ Toxo§ SO
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Chorioretinal Scars
§ Sarcoid§ Syphilis§ MCP§ Histo§ AMPPE/Serpiginous§ VKH§ Toxo§ SO
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Chorioretinal Scars
§ Sarcoid§ Syphilis§ MCP§ Histo§ AMPPE/Serpiginous§ VKH§ Toxo§ SO
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Chorioretinal Scars
§ Sarcoid§ Syphilis§ MCP§ Histo§ AMPPE/Serpiginous§ VKH§ Toxo§ SO
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Chorioretinal Scars
§ Sarcoid§ Syphilis§ MCP§ Histo§ AMPPE/Serpiginous§ VKH§ Toxo§ SO
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Chorioretinal Scars
§ Sarcoid§ Syphilis§ MCP§ Histo§ AMPPE/Serpiginous§ VKH§ Toxo§ SO
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Chorioretinal Scars
§ Sarcoid§ Syphilis§ MCP§ Histo§ AMPPE/Serpiginous§ VKH§ Toxo§ SO
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Chorioretinal Scars
§ Sarcoid§ Syphilis§ MCP§ Histo§ AMPPE/Serpiginous§ VKH§ Toxo§ SO
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Chorioretinal Scars
§ Sarcoid§ Syphilis§ MCP§ Histo§ AMPPE/Serpiginous§ VKH§ Toxo§ SO
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Chorioretinal Scars
§ Sarcoid§ Syphilis§ MCP§ Histo§ AMPPE/Serpiginous§ VKH§ Toxo§ SO
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Diagnostic Evaluation of Uveitis
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Diagnostic Testing
§ Directed Approach§ Based on differential diagnosis
(Hx,Exam)§ Shotgun testing
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Types of Diagnostic Tests
§ Ancillary tests§ Laboratory tests
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Ancillary TestsExamples
§ Ultrasound§ OCT§ FA§ FAF§ ICG§ ERG§ VF
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Ancillary tests-FA
§ CME§ “White dot syndromes”§ VKH/Scleritis/SO§ Placoid syphilitic uveitis§ AMPPE/serpiginous§ Retinitis
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CME Angiographic Characteristics
§ Early coarse perifovealhyperfluorescence
§ Late petalloidleakage
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CME Angiographic Characteristics
§ Early coarse perifovealhyperfluorescence
§ Late petalloidleakage
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ICG
§ Supports clinical dx§ MEWDS§ Birdshot§ MCP
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ICG-hypofluorescent spots
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OCT
§ Diagnose, monitor CME
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Ultrasonography
§ Macular thickening§ Choroidal
thickening§ Vitreous
hemorrhage§ Retinal detachment§ Pre-surgical
planning
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Laboratory TestsExamples
§ Serum chemistry§ Serology§ HLA-typing§ Skin Tests§ Radiological imaging
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Radiological Imaging
§ CXR:sarcoid,TB§ CT/MRI
§ MS§ Foreign body§ Lymphoma§ Posterior Scleritis§ Sarcoid
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Radiological Imaging
§ CXR:sarcoid,TB§ CT/MRI
§ MS§ Foreign body§ Lymphoma§ Posterior Scleritis§ Sarcoid
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Serology
§ Toxocara§ Toxoplasmosis (IgG, IgM)§ Lyme§ Syphilis§ Cat Scratch (Bartonella)
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HLA Testing
§ HLA A29: Birdshot§ HLA-B27:AS,PA,IBD, Reiter’s
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Diagnostic TestsSkin Tests
§ PPD§ Histo§ Cocci
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Diagnostic Vitrectomy
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Diagnostic Vitrectomy Indications
§ Negative lab work-up§ Diagnostic uncertainty: CA, infection§ Atypical therapeutic response
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IOFB
Paint from car
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Uveitis Evaluation Summary
§ Accurate description§ Detailed history§ Orderly examination§ Generate differential diagnosis§ Order directed laboratory tests§ Begin appropriate treatment