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Evaluation of the Uveitis Patient

Evaluation of the Uveitis Patient - Ophthalmology · Evaluation Approach § Different uveitis causes, classifications § Provide accurate description § Generate differential diagnosis

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Evaluation of the Uveitis Patient

Uveitis

§ Group of inflammatory disease§ Affects multiple eye locations§ Potentially blinding

Evaluation Approach

§ Different uveitis causes, classifications§ Provide accurate description§ Generate differential diagnosis§ Directed ancillary, laboratory testing

Uveitis classification

§ Location§ Severity and course§ Pathology§ Demographics§ Laterality§ Etiology

Example 1

§ 25 yo caucasianman

§ Acute recurrent bilateral NG IC

§ One eye at a time§ Low back stiffness

Example 2

§ 40 yo asian woman§ Chronic bilateral G

panuveitis§ Serous retinal

detachment§ Systemic symptoms

Example 3

§ 50 yo caucasianwoman

§ Chronic G panuveitis

§ Vitritis, deep yellowish lesions

Uveitis Classification

§ Iritis§ Iridocyclitis§ Intermediate uveitis

Uveitis ClassificationPosterior

§ Retinitis§ Retinochoroiditis§ Chorioretinitis§ Choroiditis§ Panuveitis

Uveitis Classification

§ Multifocal (Diffuse )

Let’s Do a Hx and Exam…

Uveitis HistoryDemographics

§ Age § Sex§ Race

Uveitis HistoryHPI

§ Antecedent Events§ Course§ Treatment§ Previous workup

Uveitis History

§ Geography§ Family History§ Personal history:pets, diet, sex, drugs

Uveitis Symptoms

§ Acute IC§ Chronic IC§ Chronic intermediate§ Retinitis/retinochoroiditis§ Chorioretinitis/Choroiditis

Uveitis SignsIOP

§ Acute§ Chronic

Uveitis SignsExternal

§ Conjunctiva/sclera§ Pupil§ Lids

Uveitis SignsExternal

§ Conjunctiva/sclera§ Pupil§ Lids

Uveitis SignsExternal

§ Conjunctiva/sclera§ Pupil§ Lids

Uveitis SignsExternal

§ Conjunctiva/sclera§ Pupil§ Lids

Uveitis SignsSLE:KP

§ Size § Location

AC Cell Grading

TechniquesSlit beam: “optical knife”

Uveitis SignsA/C Cell Grading

§ 0= none§ Occasional=1-4§ 1+=5-9§ 2+=10-19§ 3+=20-50§ 4+=>50

A/C Signs

§ Hypopyon

Uveitis SignsFlare Grading

§ 0=none§ 1+=faint§ 2+=moderate (clear details)§ 3+=marked (hazy details)§ 4+=severe (plastic, fibrin)

Iris

§ Color§ Nodules (koeppe, bussaca)§ Topography§ Vessels§ Synechiae

Iris

§ Color§ Nodules (koeppe,

bussaca)§ Topography§ Vessels§ Synechiae

Iris

§ Color§ Nodules (koeppe, bussaca)§ Topography§ Vessels§ Synechiae

Iris

§ Color§ Nodules (koeppe,

bussaca)§ Topography§ Vessels§ Synechiae

Iris

§ Color§ Nodules (koeppe,

bussaca)§ Topography§ Vessels§ Synechiae

Iris

§ Color§ Nodules (koeppe,

bussaca)§ Topography§ Vessels§ Synechiae

Iris

§ Color§ Nodules (koeppe,

bussaca)§ Topography§ Vessels§ Synechiae

Uveitis SignsSLE:Lens

§ Pigment§ Cataract

Uveitis SignsOphthalmoscopy

§ SLE§ Indirect

Uveitis SignsVitreous Opacity Grading

§ Ophthalmoscopy§ Clarity§ Grading

Vitreous Haze

Vitreous Signs

§ Vitreous cells§ Snowballs§ Snowbanks

Retinal Vessels

§ Arterioles§ Venules§ Neovascularization

Optic Nerve

§ Swelling§ Inflammatory§ Granulomatous

§ Neovascularization

Optic Nerve

§ Swelling§ Inflammatory§ Granulomatous

§ Neovascularization

Optic Nerve

§ Swelling§ Inflammatory§ Granulomatous

§ Neovascularization

Retinitis

§ CMV§ Syphilis§ Toxoplasmosis§ Fungal§ Herpetic

Chorioretinal Scars

§ Sarcoid§ Syphilis§ MCP§ Histo§ AMPPE/Serpiginous§ VKH§ Toxo§ SO

Chorioretinal Scars

§ Sarcoid§ Syphilis§ MCP§ Histo§ AMPPE/Serpiginous§ VKH§ Toxo§ SO

Chorioretinal Scars

§ Sarcoid§ Syphilis§ MCP§ Histo§ AMPPE/Serpiginous§ VKH§ Toxo§ SO

Chorioretinal Scars

§ Sarcoid§ Syphilis§ MCP§ Histo§ AMPPE/Serpiginous§ VKH§ Toxo§ SO

Chorioretinal Scars

§ Sarcoid§ Syphilis§ MCP§ Histo§ AMPPE/Serpiginous§ VKH§ Toxo§ SO

Chorioretinal Scars

§ Sarcoid§ Syphilis§ MCP§ Histo§ AMPPE/Serpiginous§ VKH§ Toxo§ SO

Chorioretinal Scars

§ Sarcoid§ Syphilis§ MCP§ Histo§ AMPPE/Serpiginous§ VKH§ Toxo§ SO

Chorioretinal Scars

§ Sarcoid§ Syphilis§ MCP§ Histo§ AMPPE/Serpiginous§ VKH§ Toxo§ SO

Chorioretinal Scars

§ Sarcoid§ Syphilis§ MCP§ Histo§ AMPPE/Serpiginous§ VKH§ Toxo§ SO

Chorioretinal Scars

§ Sarcoid§ Syphilis§ MCP§ Histo§ AMPPE/Serpiginous§ VKH§ Toxo§ SO

Chorioretinal Scars

§ Sarcoid§ Syphilis§ MCP§ Histo§ AMPPE/Serpiginous§ VKH§ Toxo§ SO

Diagnostic Evaluation of Uveitis

Diagnostic Testing

§ Directed Approach§ Based on differential diagnosis

(Hx,Exam)§ Shotgun testing

Types of Diagnostic Tests

§ Ancillary tests§ Laboratory tests

Ancillary TestsExamples

§ Ultrasound§ OCT§ FA§ FAF§ ICG§ ERG§ VF

Ancillary tests-FA

§ CME§ “White dot syndromes”§ VKH/Scleritis/SO§ Placoid syphilitic uveitis§ AMPPE/serpiginous§ Retinitis

CME Angiographic Characteristics

§ Early coarse perifovealhyperfluorescence

§ Late petalloidleakage

CME Angiographic Characteristics

§ Early coarse perifovealhyperfluorescence

§ Late petalloidleakage

ICG

§ Supports clinical dx§ MEWDS§ Birdshot§ MCP

ICG-hypofluorescent spots

OCT

OCT

§ Diagnose, monitor CME

Ultrasonography

§ Macular thickening§ Choroidal

thickening§ Vitreous

hemorrhage§ Retinal detachment§ Pre-surgical

planning

Laboratory TestsExamples

§ Serum chemistry§ Serology§ HLA-typing§ Skin Tests§ Radiological imaging

Radiological Imaging

§ CXR:sarcoid,TB§ CT/MRI

§ MS§ Foreign body§ Lymphoma§ Posterior Scleritis§ Sarcoid

Radiological Imaging

§ CXR:sarcoid,TB§ CT/MRI

§ MS§ Foreign body§ Lymphoma§ Posterior Scleritis§ Sarcoid

Serology

§ Toxocara§ Toxoplasmosis (IgG, IgM)§ Lyme§ Syphilis§ Cat Scratch (Bartonella)

HLA Testing

§ HLA A29: Birdshot§ HLA-B27:AS,PA,IBD, Reiter’s

Diagnostic TestsSkin Tests

§ PPD§ Histo§ Cocci

Diagnostic Vitrectomy

Diagnostic Vitrectomy Indications

§ Negative lab work-up§ Diagnostic uncertainty: CA, infection§ Atypical therapeutic response

IOFB

Paint from car

Uveitis Evaluation Summary

§ Accurate description§ Detailed history§ Orderly examination§ Generate differential diagnosis§ Order directed laboratory tests§ Begin appropriate treatment