Upload
others
View
1
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Luca MontanarellaEuropean CommissionJoint Research Centre
Institute for Environment and SustainabilityT.P. 280, 21020 Ispra (VA) ITALY
Fax: +39-0332-786394, E-mail: [email protected]
http://www.ei.jrc.it/sw/projects/ESB/
European Union Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection
History and future developments
Bruxelles, le 16.4.2002COM(2002) 179 final
COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL, THEEUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND
THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS
Towards a Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection
http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/agriculture/soil_protection.htm
Council June 2002
EESC September 2002
CoR February 2003
EP May 2003
Opinions of EU Institutions
SOILFEATURES
SOIL POLICYREQUIRES…
SOIL IS A VARIABLEMEDIUM LOCAL
PERSPECTIVE
SOIL IS A NON-RENEWABLERESOURCE PREVENTION AND
PRECAUTION
SOIL IS A STORAGE/BUFFERMEDIUM ANTICIPATION
SOIL IS A SOURCE OFBIODIVERSITY PROTECTION
SOIL IS A SUBJECT OFPROPERTY
ENVIRONMENTALLIABILITY
Policy relevant features of soil
• Food and other biomass production
– Agriculture
• Storage, filtering, and transformation
– Drinking water
• Habitat and gene pool
– Nature protection
• Physical and cultural environment for mankind
– Archeology and cultural heritage
• Source of raw materials
– Peat, Sand, Clay,etc….
Main functions of soils
Threats to soil as identified in COM(2002) 179Threats to soil as identified in COM(2002) 179
• Erosion• Decline in organic matter • Soil contamination• Soil sealing• Soil compaction• Decline in soil biodiversity• Salinisation• Floods and landslides
Participatory approach
Soil mailbox: [email protected]
Soil internet site: http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/
policies: Soil
Soil electronic library and discussion site: CIRCA (june 03)
Soil Policy Development Organisational Set-upSoil Policy Development Organisational Set-up
Advisory Forum Chair DG ENV
Stakeholders meetings
Chair DG ENV
TWG 1Monitoring
Chair Germany/JRCCo-chair UK
TWG 2Erosion
Chair Spain/BelgiumCo-chair EEB
TWG 3Organic matter
Chair FranceCo-chair IUSS/FEAD
TWG 4Contamination
Chair Austria/NLCo-chair EEA
ISWG = Interservice Working GroupTWG = Technical Working Group
Commission ISWG
Chair DG ENV
Technical co-ordination group and secretariat Chair DG ENV
TWG5Research
Chair W. Blum/ RTDCo-chair ELO
COUNCIL REGULATION (EC) No. 1782/2003 of 29 September 2003
The Future:Soil information in space and time
The Future:Soil information in space and time
Georeferenced Soil Database Soil Monitoring Network1:250,000 scale
European System of Soil Data
SPACE TIME
Monitoring changes in SOC
Soil
carb
on
Initialcultivation
∆C<0 ∆C≈ 0 ∆C>0
Effect onatmospheric
CO2
~
Managementchange
Agricultural land
Emission Sequestration
time
Natural land
increase decrease
%OC
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
1850
1870
1890
1910
1930
1950
1970
1990
FYM
FYM since 1885FYM since1968NPK
No fertilisers or manures
FYM applied at 35 t ha-1 yr-1 Goulding
Management/vegetation % C Old pasture (8-18cm) 1.5Old woodland (13-18cm) 2.4
Broadbalk, after 50 yearscontinuous wheat, 1893
No manure since 1839 (0-23cm) 0.9Complete minerals and 185kg (NH4)2SO4 most years since 1843
1.1
14 tons of farmyard manureannually since 1843 (0-23cm)
2.2
Monitoring SOM at Rothamsted
Declining soil organic matter
Soil inventories Soil monitoringNational soil surveys
SPACE TIME
ICP Forest Soil Monitoring NetworkICP Forest Soil Monitoring Network
Approximate 16 x 16 km grid samplingApproximate 16 x 16 km grid sampling
Forest FOCUS Regulation (EC) N° No 2152/2003Forest FOCUS Regulation (EC) N° No 2152/2003
Scientific Coordination by JRCScientific Coordination Body (SCB).
Planned activities for forest soils:Development of a draft Manual of Procedures for Soil Monitoring (2004).Testing of the procedures in selected pilot areas (2005).Reporting of the results of these tests, including final recommendations concerning future soil monitoring (2006).
Specifications of a European Community information and
monitoring system on soil threats
Specifications of a European Community information and
monitoring system on soil threats
• Inventory of existing systems (National and European)• Proposal for soil monitoring in Europe:
– Level I: Flexible grid at 16 x 16 km (1:1,000,000 scale) incorporating existing National and European systems
• Organic matter, Biodiversity, diffuse Contamination
– Level II: Stratified sub-sample of level I (10%) for benchmarking and intensive monitoring
• Physical degradation, Salinisation, local Contamination (hot spots)
– Level III: Specialized monitoring sites using advanced techniques (remote sensing, modeling, dedicated measurements)
• Erosion, Sealing, Hydro geological risks (floods, landslides)
Level I: Grid-based
Basic monitoring on a regular grid Decline organic matter, loss of soil biodiversity,diffuse soil contamination,
Under National responsibility . Use of the existing systems. Flexibility
QA/QC procedures: inter-laboratory calibration
Level ILevel I
16 x 16 km cell size21,760 cells
European Soil Monitoring NetworkLevel I simulation (extension of ICP forest)
Soil x Land-Cover Europe Grid-pointsBd x 31 4.9% 5.2%Lo x 21 3.8% 4.0%Be x 21 3.0% 3.2%Bk x 23 2.6% 2.8%… …
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
4
4,5
5
5,5
Europe
S.Q.M.N.
Soil2 x CLC2 Combinations
Rel
ativ
e fr
eque
ncy
Comparison of the frequencies of distributions
Soil x Corine Land Cover
Rela
tive
fre
quen
cies
All EuropeGrid-points
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
4
4,5
5
EUROP E
S Q MN
Soil2 x CLC2 combinations
Rel
ativ
e F
requ
ency
ComparisonStatistics for all EuropeStatistics for grid points
Soil
Land cover
Grid
Level II: Reference sites
Selection of sites by National and Europeaninstitutions (≈ 10%)Soil physical degradation, soil salinization, localsoil contamination (hot spots)Sampling at National level (delineation of risk)Analysis and archiving at European level withonly one laboratory and one common archivingInclude level I analysis (benchmarking)
Level IILevel II
PESERA modelPESERA modelNew approach of process-based erosion modeling at European scale
Sophisticated interaction daily rainfall – crop growth -erosion
Advantages:
~ Scenario analysis
~ Event-based simulation
Erosion t/ha/year
http://pesera.jrc.it/
Bendingearthwormchannels in theplaty structure
Soil Compaction
Thematic maps for zonation of European soils
Accumulation of Soluble salts of Na, Mg, Ca
Thematic maps for zonation of European soils
Salt affected soils in Europe
16 x16 km cell sizeLevel I = 21,760 cellsLevel II ≈ 2,000 cells
European Soil Monitoring NetworkLevel II simulation
Level III: Specialised sites
Small areas representative of climatic and landscape conditions (ex: catchments)Soil erosion, soil sealing, hydrological risksDedicated measurements (spatial process) Extrapolation by models (parameters in levels I and II, remote sensing…)
Level IIILevel III
Validation by sediment yield in selected river basins
Central Belgium (Verstraeten and Poesen, K.U.Leuven)
Czech Republic (Dostal et al., CVUT Prague)
Spain (Avendano Salas et al., Devente, Poesen
and Verstraeten)
Italy (Bazzoffi et al., ISSDS, Firenze)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
y = 0,4883x + 0,7188
R2 = 0,5445
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
0,00 1,00 2,00 3,00 4,00 5,00 6,00
Urban development of DublinResults from JRC project MOLAND
Urban development of DublinResults from JRC project MOLAND
Monitoring the state of terraces by high resolution satellite remote sensing
Soil degradation due to land abandonment
Architecture& Standards
Chair : JRC Ispra
Legal Aspects& Data Policy
Chair : UK
Funding & Implementation
structuresChair : SE
Common Reference Data & Metadata
Chair : ESTAT
ImpactAnalysisChair : NL
Environmental thematic
co-ordinationChair: EEA
Inter-sectoral co-ordinationChair: ESTAT
…..biodiversity
soilsseveso
urbannoise
forestwater
Environmental components
HorizontalComponents
Agricultural components
Transportcomponents
Other components
Technical Co-ordination & Secretariat JRC Ispra - Institute for Environment and Sustainability
COGIChair: ESTAT
INSPIRE Expert GroupChair : DG ENV & ESTAT
Phase 2: other sectors
Otherthematic
co-ordinationChair:
Transportthematic
co-ordinationChair:
Agriculturalthematic
co-ordinationChair:
Phase 1: Environmental Sector
INSPIRE
Thematic Components
INSPIRE ImplementatonINSPIRE Implementaton
http://eu-geoportal.jrc.it/
$
#
##
##
#
#
##
#
#
# #
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
# # #
#
#
##
#
#
#
#
##
#
# # #
#
#
#
BGR
INRA
SSLRC
CSIC
NJOS
##
ALTERRA
CSES
EUROPEAN SOIL BUREAU NETWORK
Soil data
European Soil Database: WRB classification
http://eusoils.jrc.it
Scientific Committee of the European Soil Bureau
Dr. Jaume Boixadera;Dr. Dominique King; Dr. Arnold Bregt;Christine Le Bas; Joël Daroussin;Prof. Dr. Henrik B. Madsen; Prof.René Dudal;Prof. Donatello Magaldi; Dr. Wolf Eckelmann;Dr. Freddy Nachtergaele; Dr. Peter Finke;Prof. Arthur J. Thomasson; Dr.Reinhard Hartwich;Prof. Eric Van Ranst; Dr. Juan José Ibáñez-Martí;Prof. György Várallyay; Dr. Marcel Jamagne;Dr. Henk Wösten;Dr. Robert J.A. Jones; Prof. Nicholas Yassoglou.
Scientific contributors to the compilation of the Soil Map of the European Communities 1:1,000,000 (CEC, 1985) and the SoilGeographical Data Base of the European Communities 1:1,000,000 (version 1, 1986)
Belgium: J. Ameryckx, A. Louis, R. Maréchal, R. Tavernier; Denmark: K. Rasmussen; France: J. Dupuis, M. Jamagne, A. Mori, E.Servat; Germany: E. Mückenhausen; Greece: A. Koutalos, N. Yassoglou; Irish Republic: M. Gardiner, J. Lee; Italy: F. Mancini, R.Salandin; Luxembourg: A. Puraye, J. Wagener; Netherlands: H. De Bakker, J. Pons, J. Schelling, R. Van der Schans; Portugal: J.Carvalho Cardoso; Spain: A. Guerra, F. Monturiol; United Kingdom: B. Avery, R. Glentworth, R. Grant; FAO: R. Dudal; CEC: A.Cole, J. Gillot, A. Prendergast; Advisors: K. Beek, S. Lunt, G. Smith, C. Sys,; Computerisation: H.B. Madsen, A.M. Norr, S.W. Platou
Scientific contributors to the compilation of the Soil Geographical Data Base of Europe at Scale 1:1,000,000 (version 3.2, 1998)
Albania: P. Zdruli, K. Cara, Sh. Lushaj; Austria: O. Nestroy; Belgium, Luxembourg: E. Van Ranst, L. Vanmechelen, R. Vermeire;Bulgaria: I. Kolchakov, B. Georgiev, S. Russeva, D. Stoichev; Czech Republic: J. Nemecek, J. Kozak; Denmark: H.B. Madsen, M.Olsson, T. Balstrøm; Estonia: L. Reintam, I. Rooma; Finland: J. Sippola; France: M. Berland, M. Jamagne, D. King; Germany:;W.Eckelmann, R. Hartwich; Greece: N. Yassoglou; Hungary: G. Várallyay, E. Michéli; Irish Republic: S. Diamond; Italy: D. Magaldi,U. Galligani, U. Wolf; Latvia:;A. Karklins; Lithuania: V. Buivydaite; Netherlands: A. Bregt, P. Finke; Norway: A. Nyborg; Poland: S.Bialousz; Portugal: M. Bessa, L. Reis; Romania: C. Rauta, M. Zota, I. Munteanu; Russia: I. Savin; Slovakia: J. Hrasko, V. Linkes;Slovenia: B. Vrscaj; Spain: J. Boixadera, J.J. Ibáñez-Martí; Sweden: M. Olsson; Switzerland: L.F. Bonnard; United Kingdom: R.J.A.Jones, J. Hollis, A. Thomasson, J. Bell
General data base co-ordination and map publishing
INRA: J. Daroussin, M. Jamagne, D. King, C. Le Bas, V. Souchère; JRC: A. Burrill, J. Meyer-Roux, L. Montanarella, P. Vossen
CD ROM of the European Soil DatabaseCD ROM of the European Soil Database
Planned extension of the European Soil DatabasePlanned extension of the European Soil Database
http://nsidc.org/fgdc/maps/circumpolar.htmlNational Snow and Ice Data Center
http://www.fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/wrbmaps/htm/soilres.htm