European Nation-States in the Age of Mass PoliticsHistory 104 / March 18, 2013

Patriotic songs

“jingoism”

We don't want to fight

But, by jingo, if we do,

We've got the ships,

We've got the men,

We've got the money, too.

(Britain, ca. 1877)

Claude Monet(1840-1926)

French patriotic festivities, 1878

A national trauma: France’s loss of Alsace-Lorraine, 1871

Commemorating national heroes:the statue of Emperor Wilhelm I in Koblenz (ca. 1897)

Integrative figures: Britain’s Queen Victoria (rules 1837-1903)

Integrative figures:Austria-Hungary’s Franz Josef (rules 1848-1916)

Postcard and stamp commemorating the 60th year of his rule

Italy’s north-south problem:corruption and underdevelopment in the “Mezzogiorno”

What turned “peasants

into Frenchmen”?

Major adjustments in Catholic teachings

Pius IXPope, 1846-1878

Bismarck’s fight against the Catholics in Germany, ca. 1871-76

Marx, Engels, and the International Working Men’s Association (1864)

The Paris Commune (1871)

Paris besieged by a French army

Germany’s anti-socialist law

(1878; repealed 1890)