European ColoniesEuropean ColoniesU.S. History U.S. History

C. CorningC. Corning

New FranceNew France

• French N. American Colonies – colonization French N. American Colonies – colonization process more similar to Spanish/Portuguese process more similar to Spanish/Portuguese than Englishthan English• Newfoundland/Gulf of St Lawrence – 1524-Newfoundland/Gulf of St Lawrence – 1524-

1542 – Jacques Cartier (a contemporary of 1542 – Jacques Cartier (a contemporary of Cortes and Pizarro) – Northern PassageCortes and Pizarro) – Northern Passage

• ““New France” - Quebec – 1608 – Samuel de New France” - Quebec – 1608 – Samuel de Champlain, originally a monopoly, Champlain, originally a monopoly, (experienced in West Indies – French part of (experienced in West Indies – French part of Caribbean)Caribbean)

• http://www1.canadiana.org/citm/_images/common/nf-1759-e.jpg

• By 1660’s under royal authorityBy 1660’s under royal authority

Samuel Samuel ChamplainChamplain

On his third trip in 1608, Champlain On his third trip in 1608, Champlain founded a settlement and trading founded a settlement and trading post along the St. Lawrence River post along the St. Lawrence River that eventually became the city of that eventually became the city of

Quebec. Quebec.

It was the first permanent European It was the first permanent European settlement in Canada.settlement in Canada.

He spent most of the rest of his life He spent most of the rest of his life going back and forth between France going back and forth between France

and Canada. and Canada.

His goals were to map North His goals were to map North America, find the Northern Passage America, find the Northern Passage

to the Pacific Ocean, and teach North to the Pacific Ocean, and teach North American natives about Christianity American natives about Christianity

(the Roman Catholic version).(the Roman Catholic version).

On his third trip in 1608, Champlain On his third trip in 1608, Champlain founded a settlement and trading founded a settlement and trading post along the St. Lawrence River post along the St. Lawrence River that eventually became the city of that eventually became the city of

Quebec. Quebec.

It was the first permanent European It was the first permanent European settlement in Canada.settlement in Canada.

He spent most of the rest of his life He spent most of the rest of his life going back and forth between France going back and forth between France

and Canada. and Canada.

His goals were to map North His goals were to map North America, find the Northern Passage America, find the Northern Passage

to the Pacific Ocean, and teach North to the Pacific Ocean, and teach North American natives about Christianity American natives about Christianity

(the Roman Catholic version).(the Roman Catholic version).

New FranceNew France

• Economic activity: Furs Economic activity: Furs • Coureurs de bois (runners of the woods)Coureurs de bois (runners of the woods)

• Intermarriage with women of “First Nations” – Intermarriage with women of “First Nations” – “metis” children (important members of growing “metis” children (important members of growing colony)colony)

• Native Americans –French took sides – Huron and Native Americans –French took sides – Huron and Algonquin against Iroquois Confederacy, Algonquin against Iroquois Confederacy, epidemics and warfareepidemics and warfare• Indigenous people had more power and control Indigenous people had more power and control

during the acculturation processduring the acculturation process

• French Missionaries – Jesuits – learned native French Missionaries – Jesuits – learned native languages, schools, agricultural communitieslanguages, schools, agricultural communities

New FranceNew France

• Mississippi River Valley – discovered by Father Mississippi River Valley – discovered by Father Marquette and Louis Joliet in 1672Marquette and Louis Joliet in 1672• http://www.enchantedlearning.com/explorers/gifs/Las

allemap.GIF

• 1682 - Robert La Salle -exploration of the Mississippi 1682 - Robert La Salle -exploration of the Mississippi RiverRiver

• Louisiana – founded 1699Louisiana – founded 1699• Built a series of trading posts along the riverBuilt a series of trading posts along the river

• Colonies outside of North America: Caribbean Islands – Colonies outside of North America: Caribbean Islands – sugar (Napoleon’s Josephine -creole from Martinique)sugar (Napoleon’s Josephine -creole from Martinique)• http://www.mrburnett.net/apworldhistory/maps/latinameric

acaribbeancolonies.bmp

Dutch coloniesDutch colonies

• Dutch Colonies – 1609 Englishman Henry Hudson sails up Dutch Colonies – 1609 Englishman Henry Hudson sails up the “Hudson River” in the employment of the Dutch the “Hudson River” in the employment of the Dutch

• http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/kingston/colonization.htmhttp://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/kingston/colonization.htm

• Current/Old Map (on desktop)Current/Old Map (on desktop)

• New Amsterdam 1625 (today’s New York City)– Dutch West New Amsterdam 1625 (today’s New York City)– Dutch West India Company (1621)India Company (1621)• Tolerant colony – open doors to a variety of colonists – Tolerant colony – open doors to a variety of colonists –

race, religion, nationalityrace, religion, nationality• Fur traders and agriculture settlementFur traders and agriculture settlement• Some conflict with Native Americans over land Some conflict with Native Americans over land

claims/useclaims/use• English takeover in 1664 (New York) – New Amsterdam English takeover in 1664 (New York) – New Amsterdam

was the “wedge” between northern and southern was the “wedge” between northern and southern colonies – named after the King’s brother , Duke of York, colonies – named after the King’s brother , Duke of York, later James II later James II

• Proprietorship colonyProprietorship colony• Duke gives piece of colony to friends – New JerseyDuke gives piece of colony to friends – New Jersey

Peter Peter StuyvesantStuyvesant

In 1647, the most successful of the In 1647, the most successful of the Dutch Director Generals arrived in Dutch Director Generals arrived in New Amsterdam. Peter Stuyvesant New Amsterdam. Peter Stuyvesant found New Netherland in disarray. found New Netherland in disarray. The previous Director General's The previous Director General's preoccupation with the Native preoccupation with the Native Americans and border conflicts Americans and border conflicts

with the English in Connecticut had with the English in Connecticut had greatly weakened other portions of greatly weakened other portions of colonial society. Stuyvesant began colonial society. Stuyvesant began issuing edicts, regulating taverns, issuing edicts, regulating taverns, clamping down on smuggling, and clamping down on smuggling, and attempted to wield the authority of attempted to wield the authority of

his office upon a population his office upon a population accustomed to a long line of accustomed to a long line of largely ineffective Director largely ineffective Director

Generals. Eventually, Stuyvesant Generals. Eventually, Stuyvesant cast his eyes upon the small cast his eyes upon the small

settlements that had developed settlements that had developed along the Hudson River Valley along the Hudson River Valley between Fort Orange and New between Fort Orange and New

Amsterdam. Amsterdam.

In 1647, the most successful of the In 1647, the most successful of the Dutch Director Generals arrived in Dutch Director Generals arrived in New Amsterdam. Peter Stuyvesant New Amsterdam. Peter Stuyvesant found New Netherland in disarray. found New Netherland in disarray. The previous Director General's The previous Director General's preoccupation with the Native preoccupation with the Native Americans and border conflicts Americans and border conflicts

with the English in Connecticut had with the English in Connecticut had greatly weakened other portions of greatly weakened other portions of colonial society. Stuyvesant began colonial society. Stuyvesant began issuing edicts, regulating taverns, issuing edicts, regulating taverns, clamping down on smuggling, and clamping down on smuggling, and attempted to wield the authority of attempted to wield the authority of

his office upon a population his office upon a population accustomed to a long line of accustomed to a long line of largely ineffective Director largely ineffective Director

Generals. Eventually, Stuyvesant Generals. Eventually, Stuyvesant cast his eyes upon the small cast his eyes upon the small

settlements that had developed settlements that had developed along the Hudson River Valley along the Hudson River Valley between Fort Orange and New between Fort Orange and New

Amsterdam. Amsterdam.

New SwedenNew Sweden

New Sweden Company 1637 – taken over by Dutch in New Sweden Company 1637 – taken over by Dutch in 1655 – mainly fur and trading posts1655 – mainly fur and trading posts

http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h595.htmlhttp://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h595.html

• The Swedes did not play a major role in exploring or The Swedes did not play a major role in exploring or colonizing the New World, but they did establish the colonizing the New World, but they did establish the first permanent settlement in first permanent settlement in PennsylvaniaPennsylvania..

• In 1633, the New South Company was formed by Dutch In 1633, the New South Company was formed by Dutch and Swedish investors to establish a commercial and Swedish investors to establish a commercial settlement in America. settlement in America.

• An outpost was built near present-day Wilmington, An outpost was built near present-day Wilmington, Delaware in 1637-38.Delaware in 1637-38.

• The settlement was later moved to Tinicum Island The settlement was later moved to Tinicum Island ((PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia) )

New swedenNew sweden

• Over the next few years, a string of small trading posts Over the next few years, a string of small trading posts was established by Swedes and Finns along the west was established by Swedes and Finns along the west bank of the Delaware River. (Ask me about logs cabins! bank of the Delaware River. (Ask me about logs cabins! - ) - ) • http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/

4logcabins/4facts1.htm4logcabins/4facts1.htm

• Dutch partners were bought out in the early 1640s, Dutch partners were bought out in the early 1640s, which left the company entirely in Swedish hands. which left the company entirely in Swedish hands. • However, a trade rivalry developed between the two However, a trade rivalry developed between the two

colonial forces. The Dutch took command of the area by colonial forces. The Dutch took command of the area by establishing forts that would become Philadelphia, which establishing forts that would become Philadelphia, which effectively cut off the Swedish settlements from access to effectively cut off the Swedish settlements from access to the sea.the sea.

• The rivalry climaxed in 1655 when a Dutch force led by The rivalry climaxed in 1655 when a Dutch force led by Peter Stuyvesant of the New Netherlands captured the Peter Stuyvesant of the New Netherlands captured the Swedish settlements.Swedish settlements.

The russian colonyThe russian colony

Russia - 1745 (furs) / 1799 – 1840 Russian Russia - 1745 (furs) / 1799 – 1840 Russian American Company – Fort RossAmerican Company – Fort Ross

The Russians maintained a long string of fur The Russians maintained a long string of fur trading stations from Alaska to near San trading stations from Alaska to near San Francisco, but there existed barely a hint of Francisco, but there existed barely a hint of actual Russian occupation and settlement. actual Russian occupation and settlement.

By the mid-1820s, the sea otter population was By the mid-1820s, the sea otter population was decimated and in 1825 the Russians withdrew decimated and in 1825 the Russians withdrew north of 54˚40’ north latitude (the southern north of 54˚40’ north latitude (the southern boundary of present-day Alaska).boundary of present-day Alaska).