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EuropeAidENGAGING STRATEGICALLY WITH
NON-STATE ACTORS IN NEW AID MODALITIES
SESSION 1Why this Focus on Non-State Actors in
Budget Support and SPSPs?
Brussels, 11 May 2011
EuropeAidPurpose of this session
Introduce a topic and a publication that seek to contribute to more effective aid
Answer the question why it is relevant to focus on more strategic engagement with NSAs when applying New Aid Modalities
Kick-start a seminar that will help enrich the tools and get a better feel of what is useful
EuropeAidStructure of this session
A. The new Reference DocumentB. The added value to and fit with other EC/EU
policies and agendas?C. What is the basic perspective of the
strategic and operational guidance you can find in this document?
EuropeAid
A. Content of the new reference document
Key question it seeks to answer: How can the EC
o engage strategically and operationally
o with both the state and non-state actors
o on various development related issues
o when it provides Budget Supporto or engages in Sector Policy Support
Programmes?
EuropeAidB. Where is the fit with other EC/EU policies or agendas?
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EuropeAid
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EuropeAid
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1. More effective aid and New Aid Modalities
• EC and other donors look for ways to make their aid more effective• These efforts include among other things ways to:
o Align behind country policies (if these reduce poverty)o Align behind country systems (if there are serious efforts
to make these systems work for the poor)o Reduce the burden on partners (through harmonisation)o And move from government ownership to country
ownership, o And from mutual to domestic accountability
• New Aid Modalities include Budget Support and Sector Policy Support Programmes
EuropeAid
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EuropeAid
ParticipatorydevelopmentParticipatorydevelopment
Development assistance includes support to and through NSAs
Development assistance includes support to and through NSAs
Development is a multi-actor participatory process
Development is a multi-actor participatory process
Development is a multi-stakeholder process where the central state is one of the actors
Development is a multi-stakeholder process where the central state is one of the actors
NSAs are not only implementing agencies but also promoters of democracy, justice and human rights
NSAs are not only implementing agencies but also promoters of democracy, justice and human rights
EU is committed to strengthening NSAs to fully participate in political, economic and social dialogue processes
EU is committed to strengthening NSAs to fully participate in political, economic and social dialogue processes
Civil Society is recognised in all its diversity
Civil Society is recognised in all its diversity
2. Participatory developmentand Non-State Actors
EuropeAid
Potential entry points for NSA engagement with the state
CLOUD CUCKOO
PRS - Informing and pushing for pro-poor policies
Monitoring the monitors - parliament
Monitoring the implementation (of the budget, of the policies, ..)
Encouraging pro-poor choices in the state budget
Contributing to the implementation of the policies
Etc….
EuropeAidYet in real life, many obstacles to overcome
ARE YOU KIDDING?
Is there political will behind pro-poor policies?
Does civil society have the capacities/interest to engage with the state?
Is there an enabling environment for Non-State Actors to participate?
Is the budget transparent? Does it reflect priorities? Is it credible
Is there an open and transparent dialogue with NSAs?
Do parliamentarians respond to demands from citizens?
EuropeAid
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EuropeAid3. Understanding
state-society relations
• In order to overcome these obstacles, • And in order to make and more effective and
PARTICIPATORY• Two more P-words matter: POWER and POLITICS
• What affects the opportunities for NSAs to participate?• What are the relations between state and society?• Who holds power over whom?• Who exerts pressure on whom? Who influences whom? With
what means?• What are the resources, and how are these distributed?• What are incentives? Why is it difficult for citizens to work
collectively? (example: conditional cash transfers)• What is the history? The history of struggle? The history of
social or other movements? The history of repression? Page 13
EuropeAid
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In other words:
• Better understanding of “politics” helps explain where aid has been effective and where not• A political economy analysis helps to understand:
o If and how state-society bargaining takes placeo Whether, how and around which interests citizens
organise collectively o How elites reach political settlements, for example over
taxes, or over the distribution of resources such as aido Who in and outside government backs poverty reduction
strategies and sector policies, if there are coalitions or not
o And whether there is a credible budget to cover the costs…
• This knowledge is very country or context specific
EuropeAid
• Such political economy analysis is already being promoted through:
o the Project and Programme Cycle Management process o The Green Paper process on the Future of Budget
Support and the inputs to the context analysis for the new guidelines
o And the Governance Analysis Framework for sector operations
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C. What is the basic perspective of the guidance you can find in this Resource Document?
BASIC PERSPECTIVE:BASIC PERSPECTIVE:
Treat NSAs as actors
Treat NSAs as actors
Analyze state-society
relations systematically
Analyze state-society
relations systematically
Explore and support full
potential within and
beyond NAM
Explore and support full
potential within and
beyond NAM
Do no Harm- Prepared to
play new roles
Do no Harm- Prepared to
play new roles
Treat NSAs as actors in their own right
Treat NSAs as actors in their own right
Assess and analyze NSA interests, values, histories, incentives, roles, functions, governance structures
Assess and analyze NSA interests, values, histories, incentives, roles, functions, governance structures
Recognize the diversity of NSAs Recognize the diversity of NSAs 11
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Treat NSAs as Actors
Incentivize continued learning Incentivize continued learning
Introduce systematically political economy and governance analysis
Introduce systematically political economy and governance analysis
Shift from a normative to an analytical approach
Shift from a normative to an analytical approach11
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Analyze state-society
relations systema-
tically
Assess opportunities and necessities to engage with NSAs outside of the
context of new aid modalities
Assess opportunities and necessities to engage with NSAs outside of the
context of new aid modalities
Balance support for state and non-state actors in a purposeful way
Balance support for state and non-state actors in a purposeful way
Combine the full range of modalities and instruments in a strategic way
Combine the full range of modalities and instruments in a strategic way
Apply the principle of ‘sequencing’ of support to NSAs in the context of
NAMs
Apply the principle of ‘sequencing’ of support to NSAs in the context of
NAMs
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Explore and support the full potential
of NSA involvement
in and beyond NAM
Prepare for playing new roles.
Prepare for playing new roles.
Systematically apply a ‘political economy approach’
Systematically apply a ‘political economy approach’
Avoid a technocratic approach to aid effectiveness and the role of NSAs
Avoid a technocratic approach to aid effectiveness and the role of NSAs
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Do no harm –
Be prepared to play
new roles
EuropeAidEC New Roles
EuropeAid
The Approach Tools and guidance
•Treat NSAs as actors Mapping methodology Governance Analysis Framework RD: Methodological tool 1, 2, 6
•Analyze state-society relations systematically
Governance Analysis Framework RD: Methodological tool 4
•Explore and support the full potential of NSAs involvement in and beyond NAM
RD: Key questions to be posed throughout the policy cycle (chapter 4.3) RD: Methodological tool 1 RD: Dialogue with NSAs, capacity development, combining tools, instruments and approaches (chapter 4.4)
•Do no Harm-be prepared for new roles
RD: EC new roles (chapter 6)RD: Methodological tool 5, 6, 7
D. So how do we go about it? Tools and practical guidance
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EuropeAidE. Are there questions? Shoot (so to speak)