EUMETSAT H-SAF: EUMETSAT SATELLITE APPLICATIONS FACILITY ON SUPPORT TO OPERATIONAL HYDROLOGY AND WATER MANAGEMENT Paolo Rosci ITAF Met Service H-SAF CDOP

EUMETSAT H-SAF:

EUMETSAT SATELLITE APPLICATIONS FACILITYON SUPPORT TO OPERATIONAL HYDROLOGY AND

WATER MANAGEMENT

Paolo Rosci ITAF Met ServiceH-SAF CDOP Science Manager

COSMO GM, 07/09/2011 1

H-SAF soil moisture products based on METOP-ASCAT scatterometer data

H-SAF Soil Moisture ClusterStefan Hasenauer(1) (prepared), Wolfgang Wagner(1),

Barbara Zeiner(2), Alexander Jann(2), Patricia de Rosnay(3), Clement Albergel(3)

(1) Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (TU Wien), Vienna, Austria(2) Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics (ZAMG), Vienna, Austria

(3) European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Reading, UK

[email protected]/radar

COSMO General MeetingRome, 5-9 September 2011

Satellite Application Facility (SAF) in a nutshell H-SAF overview Requirements on satellite soil moisture Product characteristics and generation chains

• Large-scale soil moisture• Small-scale soil moisture• Assimilated soil moisture

Recent validation activities and results• In-situ measurements• Hydrological model data

Conclusions

Contents

COSMO GM, 7 Sep 2011 H-SAF Soil Moisture 3

EUMETSAT SAF Overview

8 SAF: Satellite Application Facility Specialization on topics and themes Providing products and services to users Part of the EUMETSAT application ground segment Location: at the Weather Services in EUMETSAT Member

and Co-operating States

4COSMO GM, 7 Sep 2011

EUMETSAT SAF Overview

5

SAF Continuous Development and Operations Phase (2007-2012)Initial Operations Phase Development Phase

SAF Project

SAF in support toNowcasting & Very

Short Range Forecasting

SAF onOcean and Sea Ice

SAF on Ozone and Atmospheric

Chemistry Monitoring

SAF on NumericalWeather Prediction

SAF onClimate Monitoring

SAF onGRAS Meteorology

SAF onLand Surface Analysis

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

H-SAF

COSMO GM, 7 Sep 2011 H-SAF Soil Moisture

6COSMO GM, 07/09/2011

AUSTRIAZENTRAL ANSTALT FUR METEOROLOGIE UN GEODYNAMIC

BELGIUMROYAL METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE

ECMWFEUROPEAN CENTRE FOR MEDIUM-RANGE WEATHER FORECASTS

FINLAND ILMATIETEEN LAITOS

FRANCE METEO-FRANCE

GERMANYBUNDESANSTALT FUR GEWASSERKUNDE

HUNGARY HUNGARIAN METEO SERVICE

ITALYUSAM-CNMCAPROTEZIONE CIVILECNR -ISAC

POLANDINSTITUTE OF METEOROLOGY AND WATER MANAGEMENT

SLOVAKIA HYDRO-METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE

TURKEYTURKISH STATE METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE

The H-SAF Consortium and Partners

BULGARIANATIONAL INSTITUTEOF METEOROLOGY AND HYDROLOGY

TU WIEN

TELESPAZIO

H-SAF Consortium: Lead Entity: Italian Meteorological Service 8 EUMETSAT member states and 3 cooperating States + ECMWF

to guarantee operational provision of high quality level 2/3 satellite-derived products and services for:

• PRECIPITATION• SOIL MOISTURE• SNOW

to perform independent product validation and assessment of the usefulness of the consolidated/improved products

to put in operations new satellite-derived products

H-SAF Overall Objectives

7COSMO GM, 07/09/2011

The Precipitation task

8COSMO GM, 07/09/2011

To generate and guarantee operational provision of precipitation measurements with unprecedented quality, thanks to the operational availability of microwave radiometers (SSM/I SSMIS on DMSP), and IR radiometry (SEVIRI) MW temperature and humidity sounders (AMSU-A and AMSU-B or MHS) on NOAA and MetOp satellites also contribute on providing information on precipitation.

Precipitation Products

Precipitation rate at ground by MW conical scanners

Precipitation rate at ground by MW cross-track scanners

Precipitation rate at ground by GEO/IR supported by LEO/MW

Precipitation rate at ground by LEO/MW supported by GEO/IR (with flag for phase)

Accumulated precipitation at ground by blended MW and IR

Instantaneous and accumulated precipitation at ground by NWP model

H01PR-OBS-1

H02PR-OBS-2

H03PR-OBS-3

H04PR-OBS-4

H05PR-OBS-5

H06PR-ASS-1

In development

In development

Pre-Operational

In development

In development

Blended SEVIRI Convection area / LEO MW precipitation - NEW PRODUCT

H15PR-OBS-6

Status

Operational

9COSMO GM, 07/09/2011

In development

Product DescriptionIdentifier

10COSMO GM, 07/09/2011

To generate and guarantee operational provision of snow cover information (detection, status, fractional cover, water equivalent) in near real-time through VIS/IR radiometry and MW radiometry

The measurements generate intermediate products on flat and forested areas and mountainous areas in separate operational chains, which are then merged to the final products

The Snow task

Snow detection (snow mask) by VIS/IR radiometry

Snow status (dry/wet) by MW radiometry

Effective snow cover by VIS/IR radiometry

Snow water equivalent by MW radiometry

H10SN-OBS-1

H11SN-OBS-2

H12SN-OBS-3

H13SN-OBS-4

In development

Status

Snow Products

11COSMO GM, 07/09/2011

In development

In development

In development

Product DescriptionIdentifier

12COSMO GM, 07/09/2011

To generate and guarantee operational provision of soil moisture measurements both on the surface layer and in the root region by mean of microwave technique, and in particular the ERS and MetOp scatterometers, (in the low frequency region (1-10 GHz)) thanks to the high sensitivity of microwaves to the water content in the soil surface layer

The primary instrument for all soil moisture products is ASCAT on MetOp.

The Soil Moisture task

Application and users• (Operational) Hydrology,• Climate monitoring

Spatio-temporal resolution

• Near real-time,• Europe

Specification• Standardized file formats:

BUFR, GRIB Characterisation

• Validation programmes,• EUMETSAT reviews

H-SAF SM User Requirements

COSMO GM 7 Sep 2011 13

End-user requirements for soil moisture products

Test sites hydrological validation

Product

Accuracy

(RMS)

Resolution x

(km)

Cycle t

(h)

Timeliness

(h)

Unit

thre

sh

bre

ak

t

ob

jec

t

thre

sh

bre

ak

t

ob

jec

t

thre

sh

bre

ak

t

ob

jec

t

thre

sh

bre

ak

t

ob

jec

t

SM-OBS-3

(large-scale) m3 m -3

0.1 0.05 0.03 25 25 25 48 36 24 3 2 0.5

depending on vegetation

sampling: 12.5 km

one satellite ( Metop)

depending on access

SM-OBS-2

(small-scale) m3 m -3

0.1 0.05 0.03 1 1 1 48 36 24 3 2 0.5

depending on vegetation

sampling: 0.5 km

one satellite ( Metop)

depending on access

SM-ASS-2

( assimilated) -

- - - 80 50 30 24 24 24 24 24 24

to be assessed sampling:

~ 12.5 Km

range:

3 m below surface

model output

Basic retrieval assumptions Information from multi-incidence angle observations

from scatterometers

SteppeMongolia - Choybalsan (115E 48N)

pot. Biomass: 300 g/m2

28 Nov - 6 Dec 1993

Temperate Zone Russia - Roslav (33E 54N)

pot. Biomass: 900 g/m2

16 Sep - 24 Sep 1995

Tropical Forest CAR - Berberati (16E 4N)pot. Biomass: 1920 g/m2

15 Apr - 26 Apr 1997

Vegetationchange

Soil moisturechange

Mean Soil Moisture Seasonal Cycle


Soil Moisture Products: SM-OBS-3

16

Large-scale surface soil moisture observed by radar scatterometer (TU-Wien/ZAMG)• Sensor: METOP-ASCAT• Cycle: 36 hours for full coverage over Europe, available globally over land• Resolution: 25 km, • Timeliness: 130 min • Dissemination: EUMETCast• Format: BUFR

Small-scale surface soil moisture observed by radar scatterometer (TU-Wien/ZAMG)• Sensor: METOP-ASCAT, together with ENVISAT ASAR• Cycle: 36 hours for full coverage over Europe • Resolution: Basic 25 km, sampling to 1 km• Timeliness: ~130 min• Format: BUFR• Concept: Temporal stability of

backscatter with ENVISAT ASAR(C-Band)

SM-OBS-2

EGU, 6 April 2011 17

SM-OBS-2

18Correlation between local and regional ENVISAT ASAR GM backscatter

Left: SM-OBS-1 (25 km ASCAT), right: SM-OBS-2 (1 km downscaled surface soil moisture). No-data values are masked and given a quality flag information.

ENVISAT ASAR GM coverage of European Database (March 2011)

Applying linear regression model: DSSM(local) = c + d * SSM(regional), where: DSSM…downscaled surface soil moisture; c,d…intercept, slope;

SSM……surface soil moisture resampled.

Input: ASCAT SM-OBS: Surface Soil Moisture IndexTop soil moisture measured: 0-2 cm

ASCAT SM-DAS-2: Root Zone SM Profile

Variable of interest for Soil-Plant-Atm interaction, Climate, NWP, hydrological applications

Root Zone SM Profile:Accurate retrieval requires to account forphysical processes SM-DAS-2 Root zone retrieval based on Data Assimilation

ASCAT Root Zone Soil Moisture Retrieval

0 Soil Moist m3m-3 x 100 15

Soil Moisture Vertical Profile

d1d2

d3d4

ASCAT SM data assimilation

SM-OBS (surface swath) SM-DAS (Root Zone profile global)

ECMWF Atmospheric conditions

EKF Soil MoistureAnalysis

SYNOP T2m RH2m

SM-OBS:ASCAT Surface SM

SM-DAS-2: Soil MoistureProfile

H-SAF CDOP: SM-DAS-2 Production chain

Quality Control use data when:- Incidence angle: cell number € [11,26]- Topographic complexity ≤ 20- Wetland Fraction ≤ 15 - Noise level ≤ 8

For Surface conditions:- Surface is snow free- Soil not frozen

4 layers:0-7cm7-28 cm28-100 cm100-289cm

Volumetric soil moisture (roots region) by assimilation in NWP model (ECMWF)• Sensor: METOP-ASCAT• Format: GRIB (regular reduced Gaussian grid or latitude/longitude grid)• Content: 4 different soil layers (covering the root zone from the surface to 2.9m)• Cycle: 24 hours• Resolution: 16 km (T1279)• Timeliness: 36 hours

SM-DAS-2

EGU, 6 April 2011 21Fig. 12 - Soil moisture assimilation product generation chain.

Surface Data Assimilation System

SM-OBS-1

Conventionalobservations

Satelliteobservations

Integrated Forecast System

SM-ASS-1 - Soil moisture from ECMWF assimilation

ZAMG product data base

Fig. 12 - Soil moisture assimilation product generation chain.


SM-OBS-1







SM-OBS-1






Ground based systems (in-situ)• Single campaign datasets• Continuous monitoring sites

e.g. ISMN (International Soil Moisture Network)

Modelled data• Hydrological model data• Soil-vegetation-atmosphere-transfer model

Inter-comparison with other satellite products• Active vs. passive microwave products

Validation Approaches


SM-OBS-3 vs. in-situ and model Continuous rainfall-runoff model

(MISDc) Upper Tiber River, Italy Assimilation improves runoff

prediction

H-SAF Soil Moisture 23

Results with and without ASCAT SWI* assimilation for the NIC (a, b) catchment in the period Jan-2007 – Jun-2009: a) observed rainfall and simulated saturation degree; b) observed versus simulated discharge for the sequence of the most significant flood events occurred in the period.Brocca, L., F. Melone, et al. (2010): "Improving runoff prediction

through the assimilation of the ASCAT soil moisture product" Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. (14), 4113-4144. doi:10.5194/hessd-7-4113-2010

SM-OBS-3 vs. SIM


Draper, C., Mahfouf, J.-F., Calvet, J.-C., and Martin, E. (2010): Assimilation of ASCAT soil moisture products into the SIM hydrological platform. Final Report for the H-SAF Associated Scientist Program (AS09_01), 50 p.

Maps of the mean (left) and standard deviation (right) of the near-surface soil moisture (m3m-3) from January 2007 to May 2010, from SIM (left) and ASCAT (right).

SM-DAS-2 (0-7 cm) vs in situ (5 cm)

R

(-)

Bias

(-)

RMSE

(-)

SBR 0.81 0.192 0.216

URG 0.88 -0.100 0.239

CRD 0.82 0.468 0.474

PRG 0.86 0.079 0.128

CDM 0.85 -0.020 0.096

LHS 0.82 0.002 0.114

SVN 0.85 0.103 0.174

MNT 0.85 -0.103 0.177

SFL 0.89 0.111 0.142

MTM 0.89 0.156 0.180

LZC 0.79 0.232 0.261

NBN 0.90 0.113 0.140

Average :R=0.85, bias =0.104, RMSE=0.195

Relative error = 0.046 m3m-3

Courtesy of C. Albergel (ECMWF)

SM-DAS-2 vs. in-situ

SM-OBS-3 (large-scale)

SM-OBS-2 (small-scale)

SM-DAS-1 (assimilated, now SM-DAS-2)

Validation compliance


27COSMO GM - Rome, 07/09/2011

Each product is furnished with:

PRD: Product requirements document

ATDD: Algorithm Theoretical Definition Documentation

PUM: Product User Manual

PVR: Product Validation Report

HVR: Hydrological Validation Report

A common validation methodology document is also available

The Products documentation

Conclusions H-SAF: new satellite soil moisture products for Europe

• Large-scale soil moisture (surface, relative index, BUFR): 01 May 2009 – now• Small scale soil moisture (with ENVISAT ASAR, BUFR): 22 Sep 2009 – now• Assimilated soil moisture (root zone, GRIB): 01 Jul 2008 – 31 Aug 2010

Validated datasets• First results with in-situ and hydrological model data comparison• Further work ongoing with hydrological model data/data assimilation

Challenges and research needs• Investigating spatial variability and error characterisation of scaling approaches

Contact points H-SAF project web-page: http://hsaf.meteoam.it International Soil Moisture Network: www.ipf.tuwien.ac.at/insitu SM-OBS-03; SM-OBS-02: Stefan Hasenauer: [email protected],

www.ipf.tuwien.ac.at/radar SM-DAS-02: Patricia de Rosnay: [email protected]

H-SAF Soil Moisture 28COSMO GM, 5-9 Sep 2011

Thank you for your attention

29

In-situ data source www.ipf.tuwien.ac.at/insitu

• Freely available, online data viewer


Required geographic coverage for

H-SAF products.

- Required H-SAF coverage: 25-75°N lat, 25°W - 45°E long.

EUMETSAT Satellite Application Facility in Support to Operational Hydrology and Water Management (H-SAF)

Central Area

Products development and generation area

User area

WP 2000Precipitation products

WP 1000Coordination and Central

Functions

WP 3000Soil Moisture products

WP 4000Snow products

Coordination

Operations

User Support

User Communities Coordination

Observed Products Operations

Assimilated Product Operations

Products Continuous Development

Volumetric Soil Moisture Product Operations

Surface Soil Moisture Product Operations


Mountaineous Intermediate Products

Operations

Products Operations

Flat and Forest Areas Intermediate Products

Operations


WP 5000Hydrological Programme

WP 6000Products Validation

Products/models interfacing

Impact study programme

Preparation of long term follow-on

Products validation and value assessment

Products monitoring and NRT feedback

Provision of ground data

Organizational scheme of H-SAF CDOP

COSMO GM, 07/09/2011

European C-Band Scatterometers

ERS ASCAT


Instrument• Advanced Scatterometer

Frequency• 5.26 GHz (C-Band)

Polarisation• VV

Spatial Resolution• 25/50 km

Temporal Resolution• 8-15 files/day over Europe,

full coverage within 1.6 days Data format

• BUFR, native EPS

METOP ASCAT

COSMO GM, 5-9 Sep 2011 H-SAF Soil Moisture 34

CDOP – plans for the near future

SM-ASS2:

Soil Wetness Index in the root zone resulting from assimilation of SM-OBS- in a NWP model.

It will be characterized by:

• The potential of several observations, co-assimilated with the ASCAT surface soil moisture in the ECMWF Integrated Forecast System (IFS), will be exploited through a multi-variate data assimilation system

• Combined assimilation of precipitation/cloud affected radiances over land with ASCAT soil moisture data => a better consistence between soil moisture and precipitation

• Extension of the EKF for assimilation of H-SAF snow products => improvement of soil moisture products and better consistency of the hydrological cycle variables

SM-OBS-3 vs. in-situ and model ASCAT considered reliable, well

reproduced the in-situ‚ observed‘ temporal pattern.

SWI correlation coefficients R >0.90 RMSE <0.035 m³/m³ (linear rescaled)


Simulated saturation degree for a layer depth of 3 cm versus the three ASCAT saturation degree products, ms, SWI, and SWI* and for the three investigated sites: a) Vallaccia, b) Cerbara, and c) Spoleto

Brocca, L., F. Melone, et al. (2010): "ASCAT soil wetness index validation through in situ and modeled soil moisture data in central Italy“, Remote Sensing of Environment 114(11): 2745-2755. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2010.06.009

SM-OBS-2 vs. model Filtered and bias-corrected ASCAT data

• Bibeschbach-catchment in Luxembourg, 16 probes ASCAT has potential to help monitoring how river systems

approach critical thresholds, operational perspective

37EGU, 6 April 2011 H-SAF Soil Moisture

Matgen P., S. Heitz, S. Hasenauer, C. Hissler, L. Brocca, L. Hoffmann, W. Wagner, H. Savenije: „On the potential of METOP ASCAT-derived soil wetness indices as a new aperture for hydrological monitoring and prediction: a field evaluation over Luxembourg” (submitted)

SM-OBS-2 vs. in-situ


SITE R RMSD R RMSD R RMSD R RMSDREG REG CDF CDF REG REG CDF CDF

France_LZC_insitu_05cm 0,584 0,122 0,612 0,133 0,644 0,115 0,669 0,123 1,5 650France_PRG_insitu_05cm 0,578 0,179 0,575 0,199 0,743 0,147 0,741 0,158 5,0 591France_URG_insitu_05cm 0,583 0,188 0,587 0,208 0,824 0,131 0,810 0,143 14,5 605

France_VobG4_insitu_30cm 0,299 0,170 0,221 0,209 0,376 0,165 0,303 0,211 2,5 677France_VobG4_model_05cm 0,510 0,125 0,513 0,139 0,558 0,121 0,553 0,137 1,0 345

Italy_Bagno_insitu_30cm 0,527 0,161 0,495 0,185 0,632 0,147 0,566 0,176 6,0 409Italy_Bagno_model_05cm 0,631 0,152 0,642 0,159 0,703 0,140 0,700 0,152 2,5 508

Italy_Capofiume_insitu_10cm 0,650 0,155 0,644 0,169 0,842 0,110 0,871 0,103 11,5 521Italy_Capofiume_model_05cm 0,673 0,141 0,672 0,152 0,800 0,114 0,807 0,118 5,0 646

Italy_Cerb_model_05cm 0,673 0,164 0,674 0,175 0,766 0,143 0,767 0,152 1,5 624Italy_Chiar_model_05cm 0,674 0,128 0,690 0,136 0,742 0,116 0,746 0,123 2,0 525Italy_Meliz_insitu_30cm 0,486 0,285 0,468 0,337 0,820 0,187 0,799 0,207 25,0 562

Italy_Meliz_model_05cm 0,642 0,228 0,643 0,250 0,859 0,152 0,854 0,161 7,0 569Italy_Nicc_model_05cm 0,718 0,175 0,716 0,187 0,846 0,134 0,847 0,139 2,5 644Italy_Satri_insitu_30cm 0,592 0,123 0,598 0,136 0,761 0,099 0,769 0,104 10,5 523

Italy_SpolNew_model_05cm 0,525 0,199 0,500 0,231 0,676 0,172 0,672 0,189 3,5 575Italy_Toran_insitu_30cm 0,665 0,171 0,667 0,183 0,801 0,137 0,807 0,142 7,0 513

Italy_Toran_model_05cm 0,766 0,120 0,786 0,122 0,823 0,106 0,836 0,107 2,0 525Italy_Vall_insitu_10cm 0,457 0,256 0,429 0,307 0,850 0,151 0,869 0,147 24,5 342Lux_Bib_insitu_05cm 0,499 0,214 0,510 0,239 0,763 0,160 0,778 0,165 8,0 606

Lux_Bib_model_05cm 0,492 0,176 0,521 0,192 0,746 0,135 0,771 0,137 10,5 606MOLRAO_Falkenberg_sm_008 0,479 0,189 0,494 0,213 0,758 0,140 0,769 0,146 16,5 779MOLRAO_Falkenberg_sm_015 0,400 0,216 0,425 0,248 0,795 0,143 0,800 0,149 21,5 779

MOLRAO_Kehrigk_sm_010 0,403 0,133 0,420 0,155 0,629 0,113 0,625 0,126 11,0 799Spain_REMF11_insitu_05cm 0,574 0,166 0,560 0,190 0,725 0,140 0,725 0,150 4,5 593

Spain_REMF11_model_05cm 0,662 0,139 0,640 0,157 0,809 0,109 0,818 0,112 3,5 626Spain_REMI06_insitu_05cm 0,560 0,117 0,550 0,134 0,645 0,108 0,625 0,123 1,5 435

Spain_REMI06_model_05cm 0,652 0,122 0,628 0,139 0,726 0,111 0,713 0,122 1,5 619Spain_REMK10_insitu_05cm 0,624 0,117 0,624 0,130 0,773 0,095 0,772 0,101 2,5 544

Spain_REMK10_model_05cm 0,647 0,103 0,640 0,113 0,770 0,086 0,754 0,094 2,5 649Spain_valcont_insitu_10cm 0,177 0,236 0,167 0,308 0,285 0,230 0,270 0,290 8,0 541

Spain_valcont_model_05cm 0,364 0,171 0,356 0,203 0,516 0,157 0,513 0,181 8,0 643SWEX_POLAND_MarshBubnow_Polesie_sm_002 0,492 0,095 0,500 0,109 0,615 0,086 0,604 0,098 4,0 912SWEX_POLAND_MarshBubnow_Polesie_sm_005 0,370 0,120 0,363 0,145 0,436 0,116 0,408 0,140 2,5 912SWEX_POLAND_Trzebieszow_Podlasie_sm_002 0,489 0,136 0,480 0,156 0,580 0,127 0,526 0,152 3,0 888SWEX_POLAND_Trzebieszow_Podlasie_sm_005 0,469 0,130 0,470 0,149 0,566 0,121 0,518 0,145 3,0 888

UDC_SMOS_UDC_SMOS_118_20070101_20110211 0,536 0,165 0,524 0,189 0,766 0,126 0,795 0,125 8,0 568UDC_SMOS_UDC_SMOS_14_20070101_20110211 0,567 0,161 0,573 0,177 0,722 0,135 0,734 0,142 3,5 574UDC_SMOS_UDC_SMOS_16_20070101_20110211 0,502 0,217 0,490 0,251 0,716 0,175 0,700 0,194 8,5 477

Average 0,543 0,163 0,540 0,185 0,703 0,133 0,698 0,146 6,846 610

SSM SWI

T (days) N

Green: Development Phase, Red: Recent

SM-DAS-2 SM-OBS-2 SMOS

Correlation 0.7 0.53 0.54

Bias (obs-product)

-0.05 -0.068 0.12

RMSD 0.235 0.255 0.243

Evaluation and comparison of SM-DAS-2, SM-OBS-2, SMOS, for 219 Stations across 4 continents(SCAN, SMOSMANIA, SWATMEX, OZNET, AMMA, REMEDHUS, UMSUOL, UDC-SMOS)

(Albergel et al, in prep 2011)

SM-DAS-2 Evaluation

Documents

EUMETSAT H-SAF: EUMETSAT SATELLITE APPLICATIONS FACILITY ON SUPPORT TO OPERATIONAL HYDROLOGY AND WATER MANAGEMENT Paolo Rosci ITAF Met Service H-SAF CDOP