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. , , 17.03(355.018)
: . (1951), ; Kant Scheler(1986).
: "" " " . "" . , . , , , , . , : . ( status quo ante) . , , , () . , . , , . , , . ( ) , , . .
:, , , , , . , .
: . . . , , . : , () ? : ? , : , ., , , , , , , " " .[83] . . (, , ) , , , , ("") . , "" , ( ) . , , : , . : , , . : , , ( ) . , , . , , . : . . , , , , , , , , () . , , , ( ). . : . . : , " ". , . , , . , . " " , "" . ( "" "") . , , : , . , , . , , ,. , , , . , ( ). , : , . , , . , , , , . . (. ), . : () , , . , , . "". , . " " , . , , , , , . , , , , , .[84] , , " ", , , " ". . . , , . . . , , , . ( ) . . . . ; . , , , . , ; . . : , , , , . , . , , , , , . , . . , . . , ( ) . . ( " ") , , "" , . , . " " , . . . , , , . , . , , . , , . , , , , , ( ) . " " : "", , , "" , , . , , . , , , . . : , , , , " " . (ius in bello) " " , ( ) . , . , ( ) , . " " : , status quo ante, , , . "" . , : 1971. 1979. . ( ) ; , , , . , " ". , , , , . , ( ) (. ) . ( ) . (. ) , , " " (. ) . ( ) ( ). , . , , . , : ? , . , , . , " " . , . , . . ( , , ).[85] , . : , , "" ? ? " ". . . . , . , . , status quo ante, : " ". , , " ". , , , . , , "". , , , . , , . , , . . , , . . , . ( ) , , , "" status quo ante( ) 1945. , "" .[87]*** "" " " , . , ; , , . , , . , , , , , ( .) : . , , . . . : : . , status quo ante( ) ! , , . . . , . , , . ( ) . , , , , . . . ( ). . , , , , . , , ( , , ) status quo ante. , , "", . ( .) , . , ( ) ( ) , , ; .83 : : James Duffy , . , , , "" : . . ( ) (, , " " ) body-count " ", . Duffy ! : II. . Gnter Thiele. , , Schwabe, Thiele- ( ) , Georg Schteinert- . , Thiele- . 1947. , , " ". Cf. Donald A. Peppers, "War Crimes and Induction: A Case for Selective Nonconscientious Objection", Philosophy and Public Affairs, Vol 3 (Winter 1974) no. 2, pp. 153-4.84 " ", Theoria, 2/1995. . 7-34, " ", 9-10/1985. . 186-204.85 , , . . "" , , , . . : , , . "". " ". . . . , , "". .86 Cf. , ,. V, " ".87 . , . . . . ? , . . ( ), . : (. ) . . (cf. . 1) " ", . , . , , . : ? ? : , . " " strictu senco: ; . ? , : ! ? ( , : , free-rider , .). . . (. ) , ; " " ; ; , , , . : , , , , , . . ( Philosophy and Public Affairs . Cf. . Sanford Levinson, "Responsibility for Crimes of War", Vol. 2 (Spring 1973) no. 3; Donald Peppers, p. .; George Mavrodes, "Conventions and the Morality of War", Vol. 4 (Winter 1975) no. 2).