Etienne Turpin Architecture in the Anthropocene

7/22/2019 Etienne Turpin Architecture in the Anthropocene

1/264

A rchitecture in the

A nthropoceneEncounters Among Design, Deep Time,

Science and Philosophy

Edited by Etienne Turpin


2/264


3/264

A rchitecture in theA nthropocene


4/264


5/264

!"#$#%&' !'#)&$* !+&,-*!"#$"% '($)*#%+ ,*- .*/"0 10( .21$#" .*2"3#**4

!"# #%& '( )*+,&-# )"&./# +.0'*0#1 -"# ,2-&-+'. '( 131-#,1 4#3'.5 67-"

)#.-2%3 &.-"%'8','%8"+) ,'5#*1 &.5 "&1 1-''59 2.-+* %#)#.-*39 '2-1+5#

%#8%#1#.-&-+'. '% &55%#11: ;.5#%1-''5 +. & 4%'&5 &.5 )%+-+)&* 1#.1#9 )*+,&-#

)"&./# )'.)#%.1 ,&-#%+&* &/#.)+#1 -"&- +,8&)- '. 4+',&11 &.5 #.#%/39

#%&1#5 4'%5#%1 &.5 ,+)%'4+&* +.0#.-+'.9 /#'*'/+)&* &.5 .&.'/%&8"+) -+,#9&.5 #

42-+'.: ?1 -"# 8%#112%#1 &.5 %#>&*+/.,#.-1 '( -"+1 %#>&%%&./#,#.- '))2%9 1'

,21- -"# )%+-+)&* *&./2&/#1 &.5 )'.)#8-2&* -#,8*&-#19 8'*+-+)&* 8%#,+1#1 &.5

>

&.5 /#','%8"+) &.5 /#'8'*+-+)&* +.-#%0#.-+'.1: @%+-+)&* @*+,&-# @"&./# +1

'%+#.-#59 +. -"+1 /#.#%&* ,&..#%9 -'=&%5 -"# #8+1-#,'>8'*+-+)&* ,2-&-+'.1

-"&- )'%%#18'.5 -' -"# -#,8'%&*+-+#1 '( -#%%#1-%+&* ,2-&-+'.:


6/264


7/264

A rchitecture in theA nthropocene

Encounters Among Design, Deep Time,Science and Philosophy

Edited by Etienne Turpin

An i mprint of Michigan P ublishing

University of Michigan Library, Ann A rbor

2013

OPEN HUMANITIES PRESS


8/264

A+%1- #5+-+'. 824*+1"#5 43 B8#. C2,&.+-+#1 D%#11 67EFA%##*3 &0&+*&4*# '.*+.# &- "--8GHH54&1#5 ,&.&/+./ &.5 8%'52)-+'.1288'%- +.(%&1-%2)-2%# -' (&)+*+-&-# 1)"'*&%1 -' 824*+1" *#&5+./ %##&%)" +. 4''O('%,:

@'0#% V,&/# R#-&+*1G P'2%O#>Z"+-#9 X&%/&%#- [EI7\>EILE] M ^?_?9 Q`: Z+.5!2..#* @'.1-%2)-+'.9 A'%- D#)O R&,9 X'.-&.&: EIFW: _#*&-+. 1+*0#% 8%+.-9 EF < E7a[FF:7 < 6K:\ ),]: _+(- '( -"# 8"'-'/%&8"#%: !"# X21#2, '( X'5#%. ?%-9 Q#= `'%O9Q`9 ;:T:?: R+/+-&* V,&/# M !"# X21#2, '( X'5#%. ?%- H Y+)#.1#5 43 T@?Y? H ?%-U#1'2%)#9 Q`

OPEN HUMANITIES PRESS

===:824*+1"+./:2,+)":#52 ===:'8#."2,&.+-+#18%#11:'%/


9/264


10/264


11/264

!.,$*,$/

0 1%2,.3'*4-)*,$/

5 6+. 7.*/ $+* 8&"$+ 9+#,2 :$ :/; '&$*/ A".) [&J U*V#%.,

'-0"1# /%&2-)$ *+ A5#- B&6CC

ZO 1"%+#$*%$F"*\/ U&G#4&"#F)E

B, $+* U#D*/ .A M*.'.-#%&' PG*%#)*,/-005+ *+ ;


12/264

0H? P3#))#,- #, :$

0HK 9#)* @&$$*"/E B, 9*)G."&'#$J #, $+* 1,$+".G.%*,*

5#' ,$"-##- .(%/"#

05K S."$F,* L*&4 M*.'.-#*/

0N5 W$.G#& ., :%*E 9+* !'#)&$* &/ !.)).4#$J S.")

0?5 9+* @#,*"&'.-J .A [*#,-

-005+ *+ ,6-5#&% D5(C".D.%&$#.,/ .A M&]&

,$"-##- .(%/"#

0Z5 :, $+* SF",&%* .A 7#/."#*,$&$#.,E

9"&-#% 7"&)& &,4 $+* U#$F"-#%&' S."%* .A @*$&'

-005+ *+ E(+ F"


13/264

1%2,.3'*4-)*,$/

V( & 4''O )&. 4# 1&+5 -' 4#/+. +. & 8*&)#9 -"+1 )'**#)-+'. 12%#*3 "&1 +-1 8'+.- '( '%+/+. /%&52&-# 8%'/%&,,# +. Y&.51)&8# ?%)"+-#)-2%#9 ="' &1O#5 ,#9 %&-"#% 8%'0')&>-+0#*39 ="3 V "&5 .'- 3#- )'.1+5#%#5 -"# -%&b#)-'%3 '( ,3 %#)#.- 5')-'%&* %#1#&%)"+. %#*&-+'. -' -"# ?.-"%'8')#.# -"#1+1: D%',8-#5 43 "#% +.1+1-#.)# -"&- V ,'%#)&%#(2**3 +.0#1-+/&-# -"+1 %#*&-+'.1"+89 V )&. 1&3 =+-"'2- &.3 5'24- -"&- ,'1- '( ,38"+*'1'8"+)&*9 5#1+/.>4&1#59 &.5 &)-+0+1- ='%O "&19 1+.)# -"&- )%31-&*+c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d& 8'1->8%'(#11+'.&* 5#/%##8%'/%&,,# ="+)" -"# @'**#/# 1&5*3 5#)+5#5 -' #*+,+.&-# 5#18+-# +-1 -%#,#.5'2112))#11d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


14/264

6

8%'b#)- )&,# -' (%2+-+'.: !' '2% T3.&81# 18#)+&* /2#1-9 U+)"&%5 D#**9 V ='2*5 &*1' *+O#-' ##5+-+./ & 1#)'.5 0'*2,#9

/,0 )- 0"# /-0",&8&*#-#.


15/264

:,$".4F%$#.,35 ')$"00" ,6#7$0

6+. 7.*/ $+* 8&"$+ 9+#,2 :$ :/; 52 5- #'#=#-0>

@ -&0 #D)20:

dA*&24#%-9 E&+A5,@ 5-@ ?F*+*"#0 [EJJE]

-"# .#=1 ,#5+& &.5 &)&5#,+) 1)"'*&%1"+8d)#%-&+.*3 5%+(-+./ =#** 4#3'.5 +-1 '%+/>+.&* *')+ '( )'.1+5#%&-+'. =+-"+. -"# ,##-+./1 '( -"# V.-#%.&-+'.&* @',,+11+'. '.T-%&-+/%&8"3 &.5 -"# V.-#%.&-+'.&* ;.+'. '( _#'*'/+)&* T)+#.)#1d-"#%# %#,&+.1 &(2.5&,#.-&* &,4+0&*#.)# &4'2- -"# 0&*2# '( -"# )'.)#8- (%', -"# 8'+.- '( 0+#='( 4'-" )2*-2%&* -"#'%3 &.5 5#1+/. 8%&)-+)#: V1 -"# ?.-"%'8')#.# .'- b21- &.'-"#%&11#%-+'.9 -38+)&* '( N2%'8#&. 1')+#-39 '( -"# &1)#.5&.)3 '( ,&. '0#% .&-2%#g V1 -"#?.-"%'8')#.#9 ="#. %#&5 -"%'2/" -"# *#.1 '( )2*-2%&* )%+-+)+1,9 .'- b21- &.'-"#% -"#-+) '% ,'%&* 1"')Og V1 -"# ?.-"%'8')#.# .'- &. &8'*+-+)&*9 #0#. (&-&*+1-+) +5#&9

/+0#. -"&- +- +,8*+)&-#1 &** "2,&.+-3 #S2&**3 +. -"# 8%'52)-+'. '( & /#'8"31+)&*1-%&-+/%&8"3 -"&- +19 &.5 "&1 4##.d1+.)# -"# h4#/+..+./a '( -"# #%&9 ="+)" +1 &*1'& ,&--#% '( 5#4&-#d&13,,#-%+)&**3 8%'52)#5 &))'%5+./ -' 5+0+1+'.1 '( )*&119 %&)#9/#.5#% &.5 &4+*+-3g V1 -"#%# %#&**3 &.3 %'*# ('% -"# -"#'%#-+)&* "2,&.+-+#1 &(-#% -"#5+0+1+'. 4#-=##. .&-2%# &.5 )2*-2%# +1 #%&1#5 43 & /#'*'/+)&* %#('%,&-+'.g

!"# 8%#1#.- )'**#)-+'. '( #11&319 )'.0#%1&-+'.19 &.5 5#1+/. 8%'b#)-1 &.5 8%'8'1&*1%#18'.51 -' -"#1# S2#1-+'.1 43 8%'4*#,&-+c+./ -"# 0#%3 -#%,1 '( -"#+% &55%#11:Z"+*# #&)" '( -"# )'.-%+42-+'.1 +. -"+1 0'*2,# '8#%&-#1 '. -"# ?.-"%'8')#.# -"#1+1

,#%+- '( -"+1 .#= #%&9 -"# )'.)#8- '( -"# ?.-"%'8')#.# &(('%51 )'.-#,8'%&%31)"'*&%19 &)-+0+1-19 &.5 5#1+/.#%1 & 2.+S2# '88'%-2.+-3 -' %##0&*2&-# -"# -#%,1 '(-"#'%3 &.5 8%&)-+)# ="+)" "&0# 4##. +."#%+-#5 (%', ,'5#%.+-3: Q'- *#&1- &,'./-"#1# +."#%+-&.)#1 +1 -"# &112,8-+'. '( &. '.-'*'/+)&* 5+1-+.)-+'. 4#-=##. "2,&.)2*-2%# &.5 .&-2%#: !"# ?.-"%'8')#.# -"#1+1 .'- '.*3 )"&**#./#1 -"+1 +."#%+-#5&112,8-+'.9 42- 5#,&.51 '( +- & (&-&* )'.)#+-G =+-" -"# &%%+0&* '( -"# ?.-"%'8')#.#9

-"+1 5+0+1+'. +1 @#G&-0&'&()C#@


16/264

\

&88#&%1 +.1-#&5 &1 & #8+1-#,'*'/+)&* 8%'52)- ,+1-&O#.*3 8%#12,#5 &1 & /+0#. (&)-'( 4#+./: V( -"# =+** -' O.'=*#5/# )"&%&)-#%+1-+) '( ,'5#%.+-3 8%'0+5#5 -"# &112%>&.)# -"&- -"# (&2*- *+.# 4#-=##. "2,&. )2*-2%# &.5 .&-2%# =&1 +.5##5 (&)-2&*9 -"#8%'52)-+'. '( -"# ?.-"%'8')#.# )'2.-#%>(&)-2&**3 %#*+#0#1 '2% )'.-#,8'%&.#+-3-"# 42%5#. '( 8#%8#-2&-+./ -"+1 #8+1-#,+) +**21+'.:

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c#5 )"&./#1 +. -"#+% +.-#.1+-39 &**'=1 ('% -"# 8%'52)-+'. '( 1#&1'.&*&/%+)2*-2%# &.5 &--#.5&.- 8%&)-+)#1 28'. ="+)" -"# 0&1- "2,&. 8'82*&-+'. %#*+#1('% 12%0+0&*: !"# &//%#11+0# &.5 +%%#0#%1+4*# 5#1-&4+*+c&-+'. '( -"#1# 8&--#%.1d)*+>,&-# )"&./#d/2&%&.-##1 -"# 5+18%'8'%-+'.&-# +.)%#&1# '( #%#/&%5#5 -%&5+-+'. 212&**3 -&1O#5 =+-" -"# '%/&.+c&-+'. '( 18&-+&* &5b&)#.>)+#1d+.1+5# &.5 '2-1+5#9 1&)%#5 &.5 8%'(&.#9 1+)O &.5 "#&*-"39 .&-2%&* &.5 )2*-2%&*:!"#1# '%/&.+c&-+'.&* 8&--#%.1 )&. 4# *#0#%&/#5 -' #+-"#% %#+(3 5+1-+.)-+'.1 &.5 1#8>&%&-+'.19 '% -' )',8*+)&-# -"# 5+0+1+0# )&-#/'%+#1 21#5 -' ,&.&/# -"# &11#,4*&/#1'( "&4+- &.5 1#--*#,#.- -"&- =# )&** 1')+#-+#1: !"# #1-&4*+1",#.- '( 5+1-+.)-+'. =&1-"21 & )',,'. )'.)#%. ('% 4'-" 8"+*'1'8"+)&* ,'5#%.+1, &.5 +-1 1"'%-#%>*+0#5&%)"+-#)-2%&* 5'24*#: P2-9 &1 & 8%&)-+)# b21- &1 )&8&4*# '( )',8*+)&-+./ 5+0+1+'.1 &11#)2%+./ -"#,9 &%)"+-#)-2%# "&1 -#.5#5 -' )"&**#./# =&31 '( ='%O+./9 -"+.O+./9 &.5%#*&-+./ +. & /+0#. 1')+#-3 =+-" -"# "#*8 '( "+1-'%+)&*9 /#'/%&8"+)&*9 &.5 18#)2*&-+0#1-%&-#/+#1G C&0# -"+./1 &*=&31 4##. 5'.#9 -"'2/"-9 '% 8%'52)#5 -"+1 =&3g ?%#-"+./1 5'.#9 -"'2/"-9 '% 8%'52)#5 -"+1 =&3 5+((#%#.-*3 +. '-"#% 8*&)#1g ?.59 )&. =#+,&/+.# '-"#% =&31 +. ="+)" -"+./1 )'2*5 4# 5'.#9 -"'2/"-9 '% 8%'52)#5 +. -"# (2>-2%#g T2)" 1+,8*# S2#1-+'.1d="#-"#% 8'1#5 43 5#1+/. '% 1)"'*&%1"+8d)&. 4#/+.-' 2.5#%,+.# -"# &112,#5 /+0#..#11 '( +."#%+-#5 1+-2&-+'.1 &.5 -"#+% +.-'*#%&4*#)+%)2,1-&.)#1: !"# ?.-"%'8')#.# -"#1+1 '((#%1 )'.-#,8'%&%3 &%)"+-#)-19 -"#'%+1-19&.5 "+1-'%+&.1 &. '))&1+'. -' #.)'2.-#% -"# 2%/#.)3 '( -"#1# ,'5#1 '( +.S2+%3 &.52.('*5 -"#+% )'.1#S2#.)#1 =+-" -"# #(('%- &.5 &--#.-+'. %#S2+%#5 43 1-%2//*#1 ('%/%#&-#% 1')+&*>#.0+%'.,#.-&* b21-+)#:


17/264

V.-%'52)-+'. i N-+#..# !2%8+. K

Z+-" -"# 1)&*# '( -"# 8*&.#- &1 -"# 18"#%+)&* "'%+c'. ('% 12)" &)-+0+-+#19 +- +1 .'-12%8%+1+./ -"&- 8%'4*#,>('%,&-+'.1 &%#9 =+-"+. -"# )'.5+-+'. '( -"# ?.-"%'>8')#.#9 .#)#11&%+*3 ,2*-+>5+1)+8*+.&%3: C'= ,+/"- &%)"+-#)-2%# #.)'2.-#% -"+1,2*-+>5+1)+8*+.&%39 ,2*-+>1)&*&%9 &.5 ,2*-+>)#.-#%#5 %#&*+-3g !"+1 S2#1-+'. +1 -"# &**+&.)#1 =+-" 4'-" -"# 1)+#.)#1 &.5 -"# -"#'%#-+)&* "2,&.+-+#19 &%)"+-#)-2%# &1 &8%&)-+)# )&. 4#/+. -' %#&11#11 +-1 8%+0+*#/#9 8%+'%+-+#19 &.5 )&8&)+-+#1 ('% +.1)%+8-+'.=+-"+. -"# &%)"+0# '( 5##8 -+,#: V. ="&- %#,&+.1 '( -"# +.-%'52)-+'.9 V # -"# %'*# '( -"# /#'*'/+)&* 18#)+,#. =+-"+. -"# "+1-'%3 '( -"# &%)"+-#)-2%&* +,&/+.&%3: >-&./*#5 "+1-'%3 '( &%)"+-#)-2%# &.5 0+-&*+1,d1-%&./#*3 '8#%&-+0# '. #0#. -"# ,'1-1-&-+) '4b#)-1d-"&- &*1' )'..#)-1 -' 4+'/%&8"+)&* &.5 8"+*'1'8"+)&* )'.)#8-+'.1

&.&*3c#1 -"# 8'*+-+)&* *&.51)&8# '( )'.-+./#.)39 ,&88+./ -"# 5+0#%1# ,'5#1 '(&88%'8%+&-+'. -"&- "&0# 8%'52)#5 -"# -"#'%3 '( /*&)+&-+'. &.5 +-1 &--#.5&.- 1')+&*#((#)-1: Z"&- =# #.)'2.-#% "#%# +1 -"# 8#)2*+&% %#(%&+. '( /#'*'/+)&* -+,# ="+)"


18/264


19/264

V.-%'52)-+'. i N-+#..# !2%8+. L

+. %#*&-+'. -' )&*)2*&-+0# 0+'*#.)# &.5 -"# 8%'52)-+'. '( #0+5#.)#: ;.5#%1-&.5+./,'%# 8%#)+1#*3 "'= -"#1# &13,,#-%+)&* )'>8%'52)-+'.1 '8#%&-# )&. "#*8 21 &0'+5-"# 8"+*'1'8"+)&* &.5 8'*+-+)&* 8+-(&**1 '( 4'-" &)-'%>.#-='%O -"#'%3 &.5 '4b#)->'%+> >='%O9 &.5 -"# *&--#% 8'1+-+'. #,8"&1+c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c&4#-" _%'1cdh!+,# X&--#%1G B. !#,8'%&*+-3+. -"# ?.-"%'8')#.#adR&0+1 &.5 V &--#,8- -' (2%-"#% +.-#%%'/&-# -"# *",&-&0&8#'(-"# ?.-"%'8')#.# 43 #./&/+./ -"# S2#1-+'. '( #0'*2-+'.&%3 -+,#: !"%'2/"'2- -"+15+1)211+'.9 _%'1c '((#%1 & 1#%+#1 '( +.1+/"-1 -"&- )',8#* '2% %#)'.1+5#%&-+'. '( -"##,#%/#.)#9 (2-2%+-39 &.5 8%#)&%+'21 52%&-+'. '( -"# "2,&. 18#)+#1: !"# 8%#)&%+-3'( -"# "2,&. 18#)+#1 +1 *+O#=+1# &- 1-&O# +. '2% )'.0#%1&-+'. =+-" V1&4#**# T-#./#%1:V. hX&--#%1 '( @'1,'8'*+-+)1G B. -"# D%'0')&-+'.1 '( _&j&9a R&0+1 &.5 V S2#1-+'. -"#%'*# '( -"# "2,&. +. %#*&-+'. -' _&j& &1 & ('%)#9 ="+)"9 ('% T-#./#%19 4'-" 12//#1-1& =&3 '2- '( -"# h%#+/. '( ,&.a &.5 h+.-%25#1 28'. -"# 21# '( -"# ?.-"%'8')#.#+. -%#.53 &.5 %&-"#% &8'*+-+)&* 5+11#%-&-+'.1:a C'= -"#. -' (&42*&-# -"# .&%%&-+0#1)&8&4*# '( )&%%3+./ -"# "2,&. 18#)+#1 4#3'.5 -"# *+,+-#5 "'%+c'. '( %#&)-+'.&%3&%)"+-#)-2%# )2*-2%#g V. hX&--#%1 '( A&42*&-+'.G B. -"# @'.1-%2)-+'. '( U#&*+-+#1 +.-"# ?.-"%'8')#.#9a V 5+1)211 -"+1 S2#1-+'. =+-" A%&.k'+1 U')"# '( Q#=>!#%%+-'%+#19UlT+#[.]9 &.5 m#V(H4-H)n9 ="' 12//#1-1 -"&- &%)"+-#)-1 1"'2*5 .'- &--#,8- -' ='%O 5#)#8-+'.9 .'1-&*/+&9 &.5 -"# ('%4+55#.9 &** '( ="+)" &**'= ('% #&%)"+)&* '%5#%+./ '( .&-2%# &1 & *+.#&% *+.# '( [#0'*2-+'.&%3] 8%'/%#11: Y+O#=+1#9 J&,0+-# K#5@ %#&'&()#29 =# #.)'2.-#% -"# 8&%O &1 "#&81 '( %#(21# &.5 5#4%+1 -"&- &))',8&.3 '2% "2,&. =+** -' 8%'/%#11: #-9 12)" 0+5#' +.1-&**&-+'.9 L5@)*5' M#0#&,&'&(79 =# &%# 4#)O'.#5 -' )'.1+5#% -"# 8'*+-+)1


20/264

J

A+/: 7E C&%'*5 Q'%,&. A+1O9 %#&'&()*5' 9-A#20)(50)&- &I 0"# /''+A)5' N5''#7 &I 0"# O&4#, M)22)22)88) L)A#,

[^+)O142%/9 X+11:G EI\K]9 X:U:@: 8%+.-: D*&-# 66>K:


21/264

V.-%'52)-+'. i N-+#..# !2%8+. I

'( & -%'8+)&* )3)*'.# -"&- 1-%2)O -"# P&3 '( P#./&*9 )'..#)-+./ +- ('%#0#% -' -"# ,+ R-)A#,2#G!,5*;)-(9-20,+=#-02> 0"#), 60+@)#2> -+'.19 &.5 5#1+/. 8%'8'1&*1 &.5 8%'b#)-1d-"# 8'-#.-+&* '( -"# ?.-"%'8')#.# -"#1+1&1 4'-" & 5+1)'2%1# -' #,4'*5#. 5#1+/. &.5 -"#'%39 &.5 &1 & )'.5+-+'. =+-"+. ="+)"-"#1# 8%&)-+)#1 ,21- 1-%2//*# ('% 1')+&*>#.0+%'.,#.-&* b21-+)#9 4#/+.1 -' #,#%/#:Z"+*# -"# ='%O )'**#)-#5 "#%# 5'#1 .'- #-''>"2,&. #%&:


22/264

E7

9#*32"-1)$%1)$*0

/ 8")'&2&8"7 )2 -#A#, 5 "&+2#T )0 )2 5 *&-20,+*0)&- 2)0#:

d_#'%/#1 P&-&+**#

V( -"# ?.-"%'8')#.# )&. 4# 2.5#%1-''5 &1 & *",&-&0&8# -"# "2,&. 18#)+#1 4#/+.1 -' %#)'/.+c# +-1 +,8&)- .'- '.*3 '. 18&)#1 '( 1#--*#,#.-&.5 "&4+-&-+'.9 42- &*1' '. -"# 1)&*# '( /#'*'/+)&* -+,#9 -"#. =# ,+/"- )'.)*25#-"#1# +.-%'52)-'%3 %#,&%O1 43 18#)2*&-+./ '. "'= -"# 1-%&-#/+#1 '( 8,&H'#=50)25G0)&-21#5 -' &88%'&)" -"# ?.-"%'8')#.# -"#1+1 )&. /#.#%&-# )'**&4'%&-+'.1 &,'./8"+*'1'8"39 8'*+-+)19 1)+#.)#9 &.5 &%)"+-#)-2%#: V. "+1 #11&3 hB. -"# N&%-">B4b#)-9a 43 & .#= 1')+'>/#'*'/+)&* '%5#% +. ="+)" -"# 5+0+1+'.1 -"&- 1#8&%&-#5 "2,&.+-3&.5 -"# #.0+%'.,#.-9 )2*-2%# &.5 .&-2%#9 -"# &.-"%'8'*'/+)&* &.5 -"# /#'*'/+)&*

"&0# 4##. 4*2%%#5:a6!"#8,&H'#=50)250)&-,&5# 8'11+4*# 43 -"+1 4*2%%#5 %#&*+-3 +1'.# -"&- 2.5'#1 -"# /+0#..#11 '( '2% +."#%+-#5 &112,8-+'.1 &4'2- -"# #&%-" &1 &. @#G&-0&'&()C)-(-"#1#8&%&-+'. 4#-=##. "2,&.1 &.5 .&-2%# &**'=1 )'.-#,8'%&%3 -"#'%+1-19 &)-+0+1-1&.5 5#1+/.#%1 -' 5#0#*'8 8%'4*#,>('%,&-+'.1 &5#S2&-# -' -"# 8'*+-+)1 '( "38#%>)',8*#&2-"'%#5 =+-" Ao*+< _2&--&%+ &.5 @*&+%#D&%.#-9 _+**#1 R#*#2c# ,&.&/#59 +. '.# =&3 '% &.'-"#%9 -' +.-#/%&-# "+1 (&0'%#5%#(%&+.G8,&H'#=2 (#0 0"# 2&'+0)&-2 0"#7 @#2#,A# 5**&,@)-( 0& 0"# 0#,=2 H7 4")*" 0"#7

5,# *,#50#@ 52 8,&H'#=2: !"# 0&%+#5 %#8#-+-+'. '( -"+1 .'-+'. +1 )#%-&+.*3 .'- ,#&.- >-+'.9 +1 & (2.5&,#.-&* -&1O '( 8"+*'1'8"3: Z+-" -"# 8%'0')&-+'. '( -"# ?.-"%'8')#.#-"#1+19 8"+*'1'8"3 )&. 8%'52)# .#= )'.1-%2)-+'.1 -"&- -%&.1('%, -%&b#)-'%+#1 '( ,2*-+>1)&*&%9 &.5 ,2*-+>)#.-#%#5 &88%'&)"#19 &%)"+-#)-2%# -'' )&. 5+1)'0#% +-12.+S2# )&8&)+-3 -' -%&.1('%, -"# 8%#1#.- &.5 (2-2%# )'.5+-+'. '( -"# N&%-" T31-#,:V. -"# ?.-"%'8')#.#9 5#1+/.#%19 &)-+0+1-19 &.5 8"+*'1'8"#%1 =+** &** "&0# -"# #&%-"

,+/"- 4# )'.1-%2)-#5:

:*)"%

0 /H7 B5,H+,( 5-@ 0"# 9=5(# )- M&0)&- 677\]9 66I>6F7:

H 65A5(# QHU#*029 #5+-#5 43 _'5'(%#5' D#%#+%& [2.>824*+1"#5 ,&.21)%+8- )'83 )'2%-#13 '( &2-"'%]9 6EI:


23/264

1,$+".>&"2 `H^0Ha;$8/1"2 .. 0%)1221)$*0

/-0",&?5,; +1 &. #.-#%-&+.,#.- &.5 #52)&-+'.&* (&)+*+-3 5#5+)&-#5 -'-"# &50&.)#,#.- '( O.'=*#5/# &.5 824*+) &88%#)+&-+'. '( -"# X+55*#?.-"%'8')#.#9 -"# -"+%5 #8')" '( -"# p2&%-#.&%3 D#%+'59 ('**'=+./ -"#C'*')#.# &.5 D*#+1-')#.#9 '% -"# #+/"-" #8')" '( -"# @#.'c'+) N%&:


24/264

E6

!"# ?.-"%'8')#.# +1 & 3#->-'>4# ('%,&*+c#5 -#%, 5#1+/.&-+./ &. #8')" +. & .#= /#'*'/+)&* #%& ('% +-1 *+-"'18"#%#: A'% +.1-&.)#9 )"*'%+.# (%', &-',+)=#&8'.1 -#1-+./ "&1 4##. ('2.5 +. +)# )'%# 1&,8*#19 &1 "&0# ,#%)2%3 -%&)#1(%', )'&* 8*&.-1: !"# 4#/+..+./ '( -"+1 #8')" )&. 4# *+.O#5 -' -"# +.521-%+&* )'.12,8-+'.9 &.5 #.b'3,#.-9 ="+)" -'/#-"#% 12//#1- & ,&)"+.+) =&@+2&8#,5-@) &I 0"# #8&*"S

X#&.="+*#9 +.5+0+52&*1 +. *&-# )&8+-&*+1- 1')+#-3 &%# #1-%&./#5 (%', 1')+&*%#*&-+'.1"+81 &1 =# %#18'.5 -' +.)#11&.- +.b2.)-+'.1 -' hN.b'3qad=# )&.1&3 h.' ,&. +1 &. +1*&.59a #


25/264

?.-"%'D&%O i X+)"* @@ Y+. EF

d!"# D%+,&-# !#& D&%-3

('% 13.-"#1+1: Z"#%# *+.#1 &%# 5%&=.9 =# %#0#&* 5+((#%#.)#9 8#%18#)-+0#9 &.5-"# ,2*-+8*+)+-3 '( %#&*+-+#1:

/-0",&?5,; +1 & -"#,# 8&%O ('% *+.#>5%&=+./: !"# 8&%O ('%, '((#%1 &.+,,#%1+0# #8%'52)#5 43 & )'**#)-+'. '( 43>8%'52)-1 (%',?.-"%'8')#.+) #.b'3,#.-9 ="+)"9 &1 -"#3 &//%#/&-#9 4#)',# #0#. ,'%# #.>-&./*#5 +. -"# 8&%-+)+8&-'%3 U&+)225-*#-"&- %#0#&*1 -"# -%&/+)',#53 '( 8&1-&.5 8%#1#.- #.b'3,#.-1:

Y+O# &. +.1-+-2-+'.&* )"+,#%&9 /-0",&?5,;4%+./1 -'/#-"#% & ,'1&+) '( 5+1>8&%&-# '4b#)-1 -' ('%, & 18#)+&*+c#5 %#8'1+-'%3 '( &--%&)-+'.1 12+-#5 ('% &.#8')" '( -#*#,'%8"+) +,8*+)&-+'.1: !"# 53.&,+) ('%)#1 '( ,&.&/#5 *+(# &%#)#*#4%&-#5 &,'./ -"# )'**#)-+'. '( +.-#%&)-+0# &11#,4*&/#1 -"&- 8%'0+5#)2%+'21 0+1+-'%1 =+-" &. 2.212&*9 "&.51>'. #


26/264

E\

:*)"%

0 T## !', @'"#.9 #5:9 !#'#=&,8"&2)2. !"#&,7 )- 0"#


27/264

@&$$*"/ .A BC/*"D&$#.,?*/0 912-"%$0* 10( @00A!*B$ CD00%4*E $0 .*0F"#%1)$*0

G$)/ ')$"00" ,6#7$0

B, 1"%+#$*%$F"* #, $+* 1,$+".G.%*,*

!#%%+-'%+&* ?/#.)3 +1 &. +.5#8#.5#.- '%/&.+c&-+'. -"&- 8%','-#1 +..'0&-+0#

&.5 121-&+.&4*# -#%%+-'%+&* -%&.1('%,&-+'.1: V- +1 #./&/#5 +. 1-%#./-"#.+./

-"# )&8&)+-3 '( *')&* &.5 +.-#%.&-+'.&* )',,2.+-+#1 =+-" %#/&%51 -' )',8%#>

)"&..#* &0&+*&4*# 18&-+&* %#1'2%)#1 -'=&%51 -"# 5#0#*'8,#.- '( -"#+% (2**

8'-#.-+&*9 &.5 ='%O -' #1-&4*+1" +.1-%2,#.-1 &.5 ,#-"'51 ('% #.12%+./ "+/">

#% &%)"+-#)-2%&* &.5 2%4&. S2&*+-3 +. )'.-#,8'%&%3 -#%%+-'%+#1: !"+1 ='%O

42+*51 '. =+5# 1-&O#"'*5#% .#-='%O19 )',4+.+./ &.&*31+19 &50')&)3 &.5 &)>

-+'.: !"# &)-+0+-+#1 '( !#%%+-'%+&* ?/#.)3 &%# /%'2.5#5 +. #1)&*# &1 -"# h8%'8#%a +.5#< '( -"# 5+1)+8*+.#: V &, +.-#%#1-#5 +."'= -"# ?.-"%'8')#.# -"#1+1 ,+/"- )"&**#./# -"+1 %#&)-+'.&%3 -#.5#.)3: Z+-"'2- &*%#&53 5'.# 1'9 =+-" /%#&-#% '% *#11#% 5#/%##1 '( +,8#%+&*+1- &,4+-+'.d5' 3'2-"+.O -"&- -"# ?.-"%'8')#.# '))&1+'.1 & %#-"+.O+./9 '% %#)'.)#8-2&*+c&-+'.9 '( -"# ?.-"%'8')#.# -"#1+1 &.5 -"# 5+1)+8*+.# -'5&3g

Q.+, >&')*/#,. V -"+.O +- ,+/"- 4# &. +112# '( 0+#=8'+.- &.5 8#%18#)-+0#: V. -"#1#.1# -"&- -"#%# +1 & 8'11+4+*+-3 '( -"+.O+./ -"&- +( &%)"+-#)-2%# +1 1#--+./ 28 -"#


28/264

EW

8#%18#)-+0#9 -"#. +- )&. #&1+*3 (&** +.-' -"# )'.)#8-2&* -%&8 '( )'.)#8-2&*+c+./ +-1#*( -"# 8'+.- '( %#(#%#.)# &.5 +- +1 ="&- &%)"+-#)-2%# -%+#1 -' 1"&8#: `#-9 +. 1-%2)-2%+./& 8#%18#)-+0&* 18&)#9 4'-" -"# 8'+.- '( 0+#= &.5 -"# '4b#)- &%# #1-&4*+1"#5 &- -"# >+c+./ &.3-"+./9 42- -"#%# +1 & .##5 -' 4# & *+--*# 4+- ,'%# )*#&% &4'2- ="&- =# &%#-&*O+./ &4'2- ="#. =# -&*O &4'2- &%)"+-#)-2%#:

!"# )'.)#8-2&* ,+12.5#%1-&.5+./ -"&- &%)"+-#)-2%# +1 &. h'4b#)-ad-"&- +- +1 1+--+./=+-"+. -"# 8#%18#)-+0# 5%&=+./9 %&-"#% -"&. )%#&-+./ -"# 8#%18#)-+0# 5%&=+./ +-1#*(dV-"+.O -"+1 ,+/"- 4# -"# 8%'4*#, 3'2 &%# %#(#%%+./ -': ?- *#&1- 1+.)# -"# ('2%-##.-")#.-2%39 &%)"+-#)-2%# "&1 8%'52)#5 -"# 8'11+4+*+-3 '( 2.5#%1-&.5+./ "'%+c'.19 0&.> > ?%)"+-#)-2%# +1 &. &)-+0# )'..#)-+'.9 & 8%&)-+)# ="+)" &)-+0&-#1 & %#*&-+'. 4#-=##. ="&- =# )&** -"# %#*&-+'. 4#-=##. 18&)# &.5 8'*+-39 &1 =#** &1 -"# )'.1-%2)-+'. '(8'*+-+#1 -"#,1#*0#1:

> S2#1-+'. +19 -"#.G (%', ="'1# 8#%18#)-+0# 5'#1 -"+1 '))2%g Z"'1# 8'+.- '( 0+#=gZ"&- =# &%# ='%O+./ '.9 &1 !#%%+-'%+&* ?/#.)39 +1 & 8%'b#)- -"&- +1 4'-" &4'2- -"#-#%%+-'%3 '( &/#.)3 &.5 -"# &/#.)3 '( -#%%+-'%+#1: Z# &%# -%3+./ -' 2.5#%1-&.5 "'=-' #./&/# =+-" -"+1 )'.5+-+'.9 '% 1+-2&-+'.9 ="+)" +1 &88&%#.-*3 & )'.2.5%2, '(8'+.-1 '( 0+#=9 5+((#%#.- -#%%+-'%+#19 5+((#%#.- &/#.)+#19 #-): V. -"+1 1#.1#9 -"# ='%O-"&- =# &%# 82--+./ ('%=&%5 ('% 5+1)211+'.9 #0&*2&-+'.9 &.5 8'11+4*# -#1-+./ +1-"&- '( %#>-%&)+./ 5+((#%#.- -#%%+-'%+#1 &))'%5+./ -' 5+((#%#.- 8'*+-+#19 &.5 -%3+./ -'2.5#%1-&.5 "'= -"'1# %#>-%&)+./19 &.5 -"# %#'%/&.+c&-+'. '( 8'+.-1 '( 0+#=9 )&.&)-+0&-# 8&-"1 -'=&%5 -"# %#>&88%'8%+&-+'. '( %#1'2%)#19 -"# %#'%/&.+c&-+'. '( &)> 0#%3 +,8'%-&.- ('% 21 &1 &%)"+-#)-1 &.5 2%4&.+1-1 -' +.1+1- -"&- -"+1 8%'b#)- +1 .'- )2&%)"+-#)-2%#: !"#%# +1 .'%#)'.)#8-2&*+c&-+'. .##5#5: !"# '4b#)- '( %#1#&%)" &.5 8%&)-+)# +1 &%)"+-#)-2%#9&.5 -"# ,#&.1 +1 &%)"+-#)-2%#:

89 R'#1 -"# ?.-"%'8')#.# -"#1+1 8%#112%+c# -"&- )*&+,9 '% 8#%"&81 /+0# +- ,'%#*#0#%&/#g R'#1 +- &**'= 21 -' +.1+1- '. &%)"+-#)-2%# &1 & 8%&)-+)# ,'%# 8%#)+1#*3gY+O# &%)"+-#)-2%#9 -"# ?.-"%'8')#.# )&. 4# %#&5 -"%'2/" #0#%3-"+./9 42- +- +1 .'-b21- &.3-"+./9 &1 3'2 "&0# 1&+5:


29/264

EL

Q> V %#&**3 =&.- -' %#1+1- &.3 8%#112%# '( 2%/#.)3: Z# &%# %#&**3 .'- +.-#%#1-#5 +.)*&+,+./ -"&- -"#%# +1 & .#= *&.5 -"&- ,+/"- &**'= 21 -' /' '. &.5 5' .#= ='%O &.54# ,'%# &.5 ,'%# )'.-#,8'%&%3 &4'2- +-: !"&- +1 # !"+1 %#0#&*1 "'= 8%#)&%+'21*3 -"# 8%&)-+)# +1 +. +-1 )2%%#.- )'.)#8-2&*+c&-+'.: V- &*1' ,'%# &.5 ,'%# 18&)# ('% -"# 1&O#9 V /2#119 '( ,&.3 &)&5#,+) )&%##%1: Z# ,21-%#1+1- &.3 )'.)#8-2&*+c&-+'. '( & .#= *&.5 -' 4# )*&+,#5: @'.-%&%3 -' /#'/%&8"+)&*# V- +1 "&88#.+./ '. ,&.3 *#0#*1: !"#%# +1 212&**39 &1 =# O.'=9 & 5+1-+.)-+'.4#-=##. -"#'%3 &.5 8%&)-+)#: Z"&- =# &%# +.-#%#1-#5 +. +1 "'= -' 1## -"#'%3 &1 -"# (%&,#='%O9 -"# %#(#%#.)#9 '% -"# ,&%/+.1 =+-"+. ="+)" 3'2 )&. '8#%&-# &.5 2."+./# -"# %#(#%#.)# 8'+.-1: !"#'%39 &1 V%+- U'/'(( ='2*5 1&39 2.5'#1: Z"&- +1 &-"#'%+1-g B.# ="' 2.5'#1:

V -"+.O -"&- -"# 8'11+4+*+-3 '( -"+.O+./ '( &%)"+-#)-2%# &1 & 8%&)-+)# '( -"# 8%'b#)-"&19 '. '.# "&.59 #.&4*#5 +- -' )*&+, & )#.-%&* 8'1+-+'. &1 -"# ,&1-#% '( -"# &%-19 1+-2&-+'. +. -"# 1#.1# -"&- &%)"+-#)-2%# +1 .#0#% %#&**3 -"# ,&1-#%: T2)" & 8'1+-+'. #0#. -"'2/" +- )*&+,1 -' 4# '8#. -' -"+1 .#/'-+&-+'.: ?%)"+-#)-2%# '8#%&-#1 &,'./'-"#% 8%&)-+)#19 &.5 =# &%# +.-#%#1-#5 +. -"+1 &1 & 5+1'%+#.-+./ )'.5+-+'.: T',#"'==# )&. -&O# -"# 5+1)+8*+.# &=&3 (%', -"# )#.-%&* )'.5+-+'. +- +,&/+.#1 &.5 "&0# +-.#/'-+&-# =+-" '-"#% 8%&)-+)#1: V. -"&- 1#.1# ,&34#9 +- +1 +,8'%-&.- -' 2.5#%1-&.5-"&- & .#/'-+&-+'. +1 & 1+-2&-+'. ="+)" #.51 28 +. & -%&.1('%,&-+'.:


30/264

EJ

89 !%&.1('%,&-+'. '. 4'-" 1+5#1:::

Q> V. '%5#% -' .#/'-+&-#9 3'2 "&0# -' 4# &4*# -' /+0# 28 1',#-"+./ &.5 3'2 "&0#-' 4# =+**+./ -' )"&./# ="&- 3'2% )*&+,1 &%#: V- +1 .'- & /&,# '( ="' =+** =+.9 & '( ,&O+./ 1' ,&.3 8%'b#)-1 +. )'**&4'%&-+'. =+-" 1)"''*19 '% =+-"+. 1)"''*19 &.5=+-" 5+((#%#.- 1)"''*19 +1 .'- 4#)&21# =# =&.- -' 4# -#&)"+./9 42- 4#)&21# =# &%#*#&%.+./:

`'2 ,#.-+'.#5 _+**#1 R#*#2c#9 &.5 V -"+.O '2% 8'1+-+'. +1 &88%' ,&O# & )*&+, ('% & )#.-%&* 8'1+-+'. =+-"'2- "&0+./ -' '))283 -"+1 )#.-%&* 8'1+-+'. +.1-&4+*+-3: !' 21# &. #-%&*+-3: ?.-"%'8'*'/39 1')+'*'/39 8'*+-+)1d&** '( -"#1# )*&+, )#.-%&*+-3: ?%)"+-#)-2%#9 -"# '-"#% 5+1)+8*+.#1 &*1' )*&+,+./ -"# 1&,# )#.-%&*+-3: !"#%# +1 .' %#&* )'.)#8>-2&*+c&-+'. '( & ,2*-+>)#.-%#5 '%/&.+c&-+'. ('% -"# -%&.1('%,&-+'. '( 18&)#9 '% &,2*-+>)#.-%#5 -%&.1('%,&-+'. '( -"# 1')+&*: !"+1 +1 %#,&%O&4*#q V- +1 & 1+-2&-+'. -"&-+1 13,8-',&-+)9 &- *#&1- '. '.# 1+5#9 1+.)# +- 4#)',#1 -"# 0+1+4*# #*#,#.- '( -"# 2.> +- +.5+)&-#1 & )',8*#-# )+%)2*&%+-3 &.5 +.-#%.&*+c&-+'. '( &%)"+-#)-2%#: V( -"#%# +1 .''-"#% 8'11+4*# =&3 '( '%/&.+c+./ -"# 5+1)+8*+.# '( &%)"+-#)-2%# &1 &%)"+-#)-2%#9 ="3 -"# =+.5,+**19 '% 4%#&O+./ -"%'2/" '8#. 5''%1: !' 2.5#%1-&.5 ="&- &%)"+-#)-2%#

89 Z# '(-#. -%3 -' 4%+./ +. 8#'8*# ('% '2% 1-25+' %#0+#=1 ="' &%# '2-1+5# '( -"# > -' #


31/264

EI

Q> >%&8"#% ?%,+. Y+.O# &.5 )2%&-'% ?.1#*, A%&.O#: Z# &%# -%3+./ -' ,&O# & 8%'b#)-=+-" 1',#'.# ="'9 43 +.1+1-+./ 1' ,2)" '. -"# 8%'52)-+'. '( +,&/#19 ,+/"- 4#,+1-&O#. &1 -"# '41#%0#%: P2-9 ="&- =# &%# +.-#%#1-#5 +. +1 # -%&.1('%,&-+'. '( 8%&)-+)#19 +.)*25+./ +,&/#>8%'52)-+'. &.5 &%)"+-#)-2%#9 &1 -"#3&%# 0&%+'21*3 )"&%/#5 43 -"# -"#1+1 '( -"# ?.-"%'8')#.#: V- -"&- 1#.1#9 =# )'.)#8> 8%'52)#% '( 4&)O/%'2.5 +,&/#1: Z# &%# +.-#%#1-#5 +. -"# 4#"+.5>-"#>1)#.#19 +. -"#8%')#52%#19 )',8*#< ,&)"+.#19 &.5 h0&1- ,&)"+.#%39a -' S2'-# D&2* N5=&%519 '( -"+10#%3 4#&2-+(2* &.5 ='%5G -"# ?.-"%'8')#.#:6V- +1 & ='%5 -"&- 82-1 1' ,&.3 8#'8*# ="+)" +1 &*1' ="3 1' ,&.3 8#'8*# (##* 2.)',('%-&4*# =+-" +-: C'= -' )'.)#8-2&*+c#-"# 5+1-+.)-+'. 4#-=##. -"# 1)+#.)#1 &.5 -"# "2,&.+-+#1g T255#.*39 -"+1 +.0+-&-+'.43 1)+#.)# '((#%1 & =&3 '( )%#&-+./ &.5 -&O+./ &8&%- 4'2.5&%+#19 4'%5#%19 (%&)-2%#1&.5 &. &%%&3 '( #0+5#.)#: !"+1 +1 ="&- =# &%# -%3+./ -' -%&)# &.5 )"&%- =+-" -"#B41#%0&-'%3: ?- -"# 1&,# -+,#9 =# &%# -%3+./ -' +.-#%0#.# +. -"# ,&O+./ &.5 2.>,&O+./ '( -"'1# 4'2.5&%+#1:

89

Q> A'% +.1-&.)#9 =# &%# +.-#%#1-#5 +. 2.5#%1-&.5+./ ="&- &%# -"# +,&/#1 -"&-&%)"+-#)-2%# )&. 8%'52)# '( -"# ?.-"%'8')#.#g Z"&- 5'#1 +- *''O *+O#g Z"#%# ?.-"%'8')#.#g Z"+)" 8&%- '( -"# 42+*5+./g D#%"&81 -"# %&+*+./9 4#)&21# +- =&1 &55>#5 &(-#% EIKEg !"+1 3#&% +1 .'= 4#+./ )'.1+5#%#5 &1 5#,&%)&-+./ -"# ?.-"%'8')#.#:

89 V1 -"# 3#&% EIKE %#*&-#5 -' -"# 1'2/"->&(-#% _'*5#. T8+O#gF

Q> V &, -&*O+./ &4'2- -"# -+,#: !"#%# +1 -"# 8'11+4+*+-3 '( -"# _'*5#. T8+O# +. & \!"&- +1 b21- '.# # > '-"#% /%'281 &.5 8#'8*# 3'2 &%# ='%O+./ =+-":

89 R' 3'2 1## -"# %#*&-+'.1"+8 4#-=##. -"# ?.-"%'8')#.# -"#1+1 &.5 -"# 5+1)+>8*+.# '( &%)"+-#)-2%# &1 8%'52)-+0#*3 2.5'+./ 1',# '( -"# %#&)-+'.&%3 &18#)-1 '( -"#5+1)+8*+.#g


32/264

67

Q> B. ,&.3 *#0#*1 V &, &(%&+5 -"&- +- 5'#1 .'-: V &, &(%&+5 -"&- -"# ?.-"%'8')#.#-"#1+19 '. -"# )'.-%&%39 +1 %#&11#%-+./ )#%-&+. )'.5+-+'.1 =+-"+. &%)"+-#)-2%&* 5+)'2%1#9 &1 +( =# &%# -"# '.#1 )"&./+./ -"# 12%(&)# '( -"# #&%-"d&1 +( +- +1 &4'2-&%)"+-#)-2%#:

89 !"&- &%)"+-#)-1 %#&5 -"# ?.-"%'8')#.# &1 & 0&*'%+c&-+'. '( &%)"+-#)-2%#g

Q> !"&- 1255#.*3 +- +1 & .#= -+,# ('% &%)"+-#)-2%#: V- %#,+.51 ,# & *'- '( EIF71&.5 EI\71 5+1)'2%1#1 '. -"# h,&.,&5# *&.51)&8#:a !"# 1+/.1 =# &%# 1##+./ =+-"+.&%)"+-#)-2%# 5+1)'2%1#9 =+-" -"# # > V- +1 S2+-# +.-#%#1-+./ 4#)&21# +- +1 %##1-&4*+1"+./ &.5 *')O+./ +. & *'- '( -"# %#)#.-5+1)'2%1# +. & )'.1#%0&-+0# =&3: !&O#9 ('% +.1-&.)#9 -"# #.-+%# 8%'4*#, '( #)'*'/+)&*&%)"+-#)-2%#: B. ,&.3 *#0#*19 +- &11#%-1 -"# )*&+,G hY''O9 =# -'*5 3'2 1'q `'2 "&0# -'4# /%##.:a !"+1 +1 +.-#%#1-+./ &1 & )',8*#-#*3 )+%)2*&% -&O# '. ="&- &%)"+-#)-2%# )&.5': ?/&+.9 #.0+%'.,#.-&*+1, &1 )'.1#%0&-+1,:


33/264

6E

89 !"+1 +1 &*1' ="#%# =# 1## 1' ,2)" ='%O -"&- +1 b21- -"#-+)+c+./ 5&-& &.5)%#&-+./ (&.-&1+#1 '( #)'*'/+)&* +.(%&1-%2)-2%# -"&- 4#)',# -"# h=+1">+,&/#1a '( > 1#.1# '( -"# -#%,:

Z"&- +1 +.-#%#1-+./ +. -"+1 )*&+, '( %#1"&8+./ -"# )"#114'&%5 '( 8'*+-+)1 +1 -"&--"#%# +1 &*1' & /%'=+./ +.)&8&)+-3 ('% .#/&-+'.9 '% '( "&0+./ 1',#-"+./ -' .#/&-#:Z# "&0# 4##. & 8&%- '( ,&.3 '( -"#1# O+.51 '( 8%'b#)-1 -"&- -%3 -' %#>+,&/+.# "'= -"#%# +1 .' ,',#.- ="#. -"# )'.1#S2#.)#1 &%# +,,#5+&-#*3 -%&)#&4*#: Z"&- +1+.-#%#1-+./9 '( )'2%1#9 +1 -"&- &- -"# 1&,# -+,# &1 3'2 1-&%- -' 1## -"+1 +.)&8&)+-3-' &%-+)2*&-# )'.1#S2#.)#19 -"#%# +1 & -"#'%+c&-+'. '( ,2*-+>)&21&*+-3: T',#"'==# "#&% -"# )*&+,19 hY''O9 -"+1 +1 +-q Z# ('2.5 -"# 8#%(#)- 1'*2-+'.: Z# =+** )*&+,)',8*#-# &/#.)3 '0#% -"# #.-+%# ='%*59 42- =+-"'2- )'.1#S2#.)#1 ('% '2% &)-+'.14#)&21# -"# ='%*5 /'#1 '. 43 +-1#*(:a !"+1 +1 -"# 1-%&./# 5%#&, '( 1#*(>'%/&.+c&-+'.-"&- ?.1#*, A%&.O# &.5 R+#5%+)" R+#5#%+)"1#. "+/"*+/"- +. -"# +. Z"'*# N&%-"# "+1-'%+)+-3 &%# +. -"# /*&)+#%qa

89 P2-9 3'2 &*1' *''O &- +.1-+-2-+'.19 '% -"# 0&%+'21 %#*&-+'.1 4#-=##. &%)"+-#)-2%#&.5 +.1-+-2-+'.1: Z"&- +1 -"# +,8#-21 ('% -"+1 *+.# '( +.S2+%3 =+-" %#18#)- -' -"#?.-"%'8')#.# -"#1+1g

Q> V- +1 .'- 1' ('%,&*+c#5: V -"+.O -"&- -"# 1+,2*-&.#'21 8'1+-+'.+./ '( -"# /%'2.5 '( -"# ?.-"%'8')#.# &.5 -'=&%5 -"# -"#&-%# '( -"+1 #


34/264

66

&%# +. -"# ,&O+./: !"#3 &%# 4#+./ 1"&8#59 )&%0#59 &.5 ,'*5#5 &1 -"# 5+1)'2%1#+1 2.('*5+./: Z# &%# +.-#%#1-#5 +. -"+1 8%')#119 +. 1##+./ "'= -"# 4&)O/%'2.5 +1%#1"&8+./ -"# (%&,# '( 8'*+-+#1: A'% +.1-&.)#9 =# =#%# %#)#.-*3 +. & 5+1)211+'. &4'2-"'= -' '%/&.+c# ,2*-+>*&-#%&* 8'*+)+#1 +. %#*&-+'. -' *'/+1-+)1 +. & *&%/# ,#-%'8'*+>-&. &%#& '( N2%'8#: !38+)&**39 -"# 4&)O/%'2.59 &1 )'.)#+0#5 43 &%)"+-#)-19 +1 4'-"

89

Q> `#19 #


35/264

6F

8'+.- &- -"# 1*'8# &.5 +.5+)&-# -"&- -"# -=' 18"#%#1 =#%# (&**+./ &- -"# 1&,# %&-# '( -"&- -"#%# +1 .'-"+./ -' 8'+.- &-9 -"#%# +1 .' '4b#)-: V.1-#&59 +- +1 &4'2- "'= 3'2*''O &- -"+./1: !"# ?.-"%'8')#.# +1 & 1+,+*&% 1+-2&-+'. +. -"# 1#.1# -"&- -"#%# +1 & ,#&12%# '( -#,8#%&-2%#9 +- +1 & ,#&12%# '( -%&.1('%,&-+'.: !"&- +1 -"# +.-#%#1-+./-"+./ ('% 21d+.-#.1+-3 +1 & .#)#11&%3 )'.)#8- '( -"# ?.-"%'8')#.# 4#)&21# 3'2 )&.'.*3 2.5#%1-&.5 +- -"%'2/" -%&.1('%,&-+'.: !"&- +1 & )'.1-%2)-+0# 8%&)-+)#9 &.5 +- +11',#-"+./ &%)"+-#)-2%# +1 /''5 &-:

89 B.# )2%+'1+-3 V "&0# &4'2- -"# %'*# '( -"# B41#%0&-'%3 +1 -"&- ="#. =# -%3 -' >)2*-3 '( .#/&-+'.9 '% -"# 0&.+1"+./ "'%+c'. '( -"# .#/&-+0# &1 & %#S2+%#,#.- '( 8'*>+-+)19 ="+)"9 &- *#&1- "+1-'%+)&**39 %#S2+%#1 1',# ('%, '( &11#%-+'. -"%'2/" .#/&-+'.&1 '.# '( +-1 )'.1-+-2-+0# )',8'.#.-1: C'= 5'#1 8'*+-+)1 &88#&% +. -"+1 )&%-'/%&8"3 +.)*25#5 +. -"# ,'5#* &.5 -"#%# +1 .' =&3 '2-1+5# '( +-g

Q> V- +1 )',8*#-#*3 =+-"+. -"# ,'5#* +-1#*(: !"# T)",+--+&. #.#,3 +1 ="&- 1-&4+*+c> )'.5+-+'.1: !"+1 +1 &. #)'*'/+)&* ,'5#*: P2-9 ('% -"# 8'*+-+)1 '( .'.>&)-+'.9 '( .'-&)-+./9 =# "&0# & ,'5#* ('% -"&- &1 =#**: V- "&1 & .&,#9 ="+)" +1 .#2-%&*+-3d.'- -' )'.5+-+'.1 &.5 -"# %#'%/&.+c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g V. ="+)" 18&)#g V. ="+)" &%)"+-#)-2%#g Z"' =+**4# +.0'*0#5g

1P

Q> `#19 =# )&..'- %21" +-: !"#%# +1 -+,#9 =# "&0# -' /+0# +- -+,#d/#'*'/+)&* -+,#:


36/264

6\

:*)"%

0 N :')=50# W505> 5-@ 0"# ?&')0)*2 &I %'&H5'B5,=)-([@&,4%+5/#9 X&11:G XV! D%#119 67E7]:

5 )&1#9 -"# /'*5#. 18+O# ='2*5 1#8&%&-# -"# /#'*'/+)&* 8#%+'5 '( -"# C'*')#.# (%', -"#?.-"%'8')#.#:

N _'%5'. Z: C'*-/%+#0# #-: &*:9 h? @'"#%#.- T+/.&-2%# '( ?.-"%'8'/#.+) Q+-%'/#. R#8'1+-+'.-' U#,'-# Z&-#%1"#51 '( -"# Q'%-"#%. C#,+18"#%#9a 6*)#-*#FF\9 .': W7W6 [EW R#)#,4#%67EE]G EK\KrEK\J: A'% & 8'#-+) %#&5+./ '( -"# /'*5#. 18+O# +. %#*&-+'. -' -"# ?.-"%'8')#.#91## R'. X&)O&39 hN5+&)&%&. &.5 ?.-"%'8')#.#G D'#-%3 &1 & U#&5#% '( R##8 !+,#9a ?,5),)#J),# 0'*2,#:

? !"# Z"'*# N&%-"G @&*+('%.+& &.5 -"# R+1&88#&%&.)# '( -"# B2-1+5#9 )2%&-#5 43 R+#5%+)"

Y !"# B"&'#


37/264


38/264

6W

T'*&% #.#%/3 %&+1#1 -"# -#,8#%&-2%# '( -"# -%'8+)&* ')#&. -' 6W 5#/%##1@#*1+21: C#&- 8&11#1 +.-' -"# &+% &4'0# -"%'2/" )'.52)-+'.: Z&%,9 ,'+1-

%+1+./ &+% )%#&-#1 & )#.-%# '( 5#8%#11+'. +.-#.1+(3+./ -"# -%&5# =+.51 -"&-4*'= 5+&/'.&**3 -'=&%51 -"# #S2&-'% (%', -"# .'%-"#&1- &.5 1'2-"#&1-:D'%-2/2#1# #


39/264

U&5+)&* X#-#'%'*'/3 i Q&4+* ?",#5 6L

? -%'8+)&* )3)*'.# +. -"# V.5+&. B)#&. =&1 )&8-2%#5 +. -"# +)'.+) hP*2#X&%4*#a +,&/# '( -"# N&%-": !"# 2..&,#5 1-'%, 1-%2)O -"# )+-3 '( @255&*'%#

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

8'-#.-+&* ('% 8'*+-+)&* 0+'*#.)# &.5 &. #0#%>)+%)*+./ =+.5 &%# 2.+-#5 &1 '.#:


40/264

6J

L5@)*5' M#0#&,&'&(7-&O#1 &1 & 8'+.- '( 5#8&%-2%# -"# )3)*'.# )&8-2%#5 +.-"# hP*2# X&%4*#a +,&/# -' #,8"&1+c# -"# #.-&./*#,#.- 4#-=##. .&-2%&*&.5 8'*+-+)&* 0+'*#.)# +. P&./*&5#1" +. EIL7>LE: V. -"# ('**'=+./ 3#&% -"#

+.)*25+./ & =&%>%&0&/#5 P&./*&5#1": !"# &/%+)2*-2%&* &.5 "35%&2*+) +.-#%> 8%'52)-+'. &.5 8'82*&-+'.: V- &*1' 8%'0+5#5 *&4'%&-'%3 )'.5+-+'.1 ('% -"#21"#%+./ +. '( .#'*+4#%&* 8'*+)+#1 &.5 8%&)-+)#1 '( +.-#%.&-+'.&* 5#0#*'8,#.- >#%. 1-&-#1 '( -"# ,#/&5#*-&9 +1 & (%'.-+#% c'.# (&)+./ -"# "'1-+*# #((#)-1 '()*+,&-# )"&./# +. -"# ?.-"%'8')#.#: V. 67E69 V +.-#%0+#=#5 -=' ,#,4#%1 '(

="' =&%. -"# ,'1- 02*.#%&4*# 8'82*&-+'.1 '( +.)',+./ 1-'%,1 &.5 4%+./-"#, -' -"# 1&(#-3 '( )3)*'.# 1"#*-#%1: V. -"# +.-#%0+#= '.# '( -"# 0'*2.-##%19C'11&+. X:9 -'*5 ,# "'= "# 1#.1#1 5#8%#11+'.1 +. -"# P&3 '( P#./&* -"%'2/""+1 4'53: !"# )3)*'.# %#-2%.1 &1 &((#)-:


41/264

9+"** L.'*/35 !")/ S"0$T"0

:, $+* M*.'.-#%&' >"*/*,$

W#,)A#@ I,&= 0"# O50)- I&,#-2)2> 0"# 4&,@ XI&,#-2)*2Y ,#I#,2 50 ,&&0 0& XI&,+=SY

J&,#-2)*2 )2 0"+2 0"# 5,0 &I 0"# I&,+=Z0"# 8,5*0)*# 5-@ 2;)'' &I 8,#2#-0)-( 5-

5,(+=#-0 H#I&,# 5 8,&I#22)&-5'> 8&')0)*5'> &, '#(5' (50"#,)-(S J&,#-2)*2 )2 )- 0")2

2#-2# 85,0 &I ,"#0&,)*> 4")*" *&-*#,-2 28##*"S K&4#A#,> )0 )-*'+@#2 -&0 &-'7"+=5- 28##*" H+0 5'2& 0"50 &I 0")-(2S

Z N3&* Z#+c,&.> J&,#-2)* /,*")0#*0+,#E

!"# -&*#.- -"# /#'*'/+)&* 1)+#.)#1 "&0# ('% 8*&)+./ "2,&.1 '. 2.(&-"',&4*# -+,#*+.#1Z+. ="+)" "2,&. "+1-'%3 &88#&%1 &1 *+--*# ,'%# -"&. & /%&)+'21 (''-.'-#-' ('%)#1 -'' 8'=#%(2* -' ,#&12%# &.5 -'' 1*'= -' =&-)"Z1##,1 -' 4# #


42/264

F7

1'+* 1)+#.)#9 /#'8"31+)19 8"31+)&* /#'/%&8"3 &.5 /#'*'/3d1##, -' 4# ,'%# '(-#.12,,'.#5 -' %#0+#= #0+5#.)# &- -"# 1)#.# '( & )%+,# -"&. -' %#)'%5 -"# &..&*1 '( &

('%,#% ='%*5: V. -"+1 1#.1#9 -"#%# "&1 4##. & )'.0#%/#.)# 4#-=##. -"# ('%#.1+) 1)+> &. 2%/#.- (2-2%+-3 +. -"#+% ='%O: V. -"# -#1-+,'.3 '( 1)+#.-+1-19 -"# #52)-+'. '( ="&- )2*-2%&* )%+-+) Y&2%#.- P#%*&.- "&1 .&,#5 & h/#.%# '( -"# 8%#1#.-9a+. ="+)" & /#'*'/+)&* )&-&1-%'8"# -'' 1*'= -' =&-)" )'2*5 4# %#.5#%#5 8%#1#.-

&.59 8#%"&819 +.-#**+/+4*#:FA'% P#%*&.-9 -"# 8%#1#.- +1 1',#-"+./ -"&- "&1 & "+1-'%34#)&21# +- +1 8%'52)#5: @%2)+&**39 h=# 2.5#%1-&.5 .'-"+./ &4'2- +,8&11#1 '( -"#8'*+-+)&* =+-"'2- "&0+./ &. &))'2.- '( -"# 8%'52)-+'. '( -"# 8%#1#.-:a\B.# ,+/"-1## -"# 8'*+-+)&* +,8&11# '( )2%%#.- )*+,&-# )"&./# 5#4&-#1 &1 "+./+./ 8%#)+1#*3 '.

A+/: 76 C+%'1"+ T2/+,'-'9 Q,@&A)*)5- ?#,)&@ ?"&0& [EII\]: D"'-' JE < LE ),


43/264

!"%## C'*#1 i T#-" R#.+c#. FE

-"+1 8%'4*#,G "'= -' 8%'52)# -"# /#'*'/+)&* 8%#1#.-: !"# 8%'52)-+'. '( /#'*'/+)&*,&-#%+&*1 &1 0")-(2&*1' %#S2+%#1 -"# )'.)',+-&.- 8%'52)-+'. '( 2.#

+)&* %#*&-+'.19 12)" &1 -"'1# 4#-=##. %'1'* )&.1 &.5 -"# 'c'.# *&3#%9 ="+)" )',#-' 8&%-+)+8&-# +. -"# 8%'52)-+'. '( -"# 8%#1#.- &1 & -+,# '( 8#%8#-2&* )%+1+1:

Z"&- 1##,1 )*#&% +1 -"&- -"# =&31 +. ="+)" & /#'*'/+1- 4#)',#1 )'.-#,8'%&.#'21=+-" "#% ,&-#%+&*1d+.1'(&% &1 -"# /#'*'/+)&* %#*&-+'.1 -"&- 4%+./ -"#, +.-' 4#+./&%# 1-+** )"&./+./d=+** %#S2+%# .#= ,#-"'5'*'/+#1: !"# =&31 -"#1# ,#-"'5'*'/+#18&%-+)+8&-# +. -"# 8%'52)-+'. '( -"# 8%#1#.- &*1' 4#)O'.1 )&%#(2* #


44/264

F6

U*2" VQ+ ,/" W*#6-

X!"#,#12 -& -##@ 0& (#0 +82#0S !"5012 5'' 4# 5,#> 4)0" 5'' &+, &H2#22)&-2S O&&;

50 4"50 4# 5,#SY

X]#5"^Y

X6& =+*" ),,)050)&- )- ')I#SY

X/'' &I +2SY

X H&0" ,)*" 5-@ 8&&,S !"#,#12 -& @)II#,#-*#SY

X]#2> 0"#,# )2 -& @)20)-*0)&-S O+*;)'7> &, )0 4&+'@ H# 0&& =+*"SY

XB"50 5 0")-(> 4# ')A# @),#*0'7 &A#, H&@)#2 5-@ @&-10 #A#- ;-&4 )0SY


45/264


46/264


47/264

!"%## C'*#1 i T#-" R#.+c#. FK

2.5#%1-''5 1+,8*3 &1 & %#*&-+'. 4#-=##. &41#.)# &.5 8%#1#.)#9 &1 -"+1 ='2*5 4# > ='%519 52%&-+'. +. & "'*# +1 .'- 8%'52)#5 (%', &. &41#.)#9 42- (%', & -"+./ -"&-5'#1 -"# 5+//+./:

A%', -"# "+1-'%3 '( -"# 8%'52)-+'. '( -"# 'c'.# "'*#9 +- 4#)',#1 )*#&% -"&- -"#h('%2,a +.I&,#-2)2+1 b21- &1 ,2)" & 8*&)# '( %"#-'%+) +. -"# #,8+%+)&* 1)+#.)#1 &1+- +1 '. -"# 1-%##-1 '( P&%)#*'.&: Z"&- &*1' 4#)',#1 )*#&% -"%'2/" -"# ='%O '( @&%* 5#1)%+8-+'. '( ,&--#% +-1#*(9 &.5 +. -"+1 1#.1#9 -"# 8%'52)-+'. '( -"# ,&-#%+&* &1 &

U*2" VL+ @ :"G #,#.-1 &.5 ,+.#%&* ('%,&-+'.1 +1 )'.1'*+5&-#5 +.-' & 1+./*# -#%,d('% +.1-&.)#9

h/%&.+-#ad&.5 -"&- -#%, -"#. 1-&.51 +. ('% -"# "#-#%'/#.#+-3 '( -"# ,+


48/264


49/264

!"%## C'*#1 i T#-" R#.+c#. FL

R'O2)" +1 /+0#. )%#5+- ('% 8%'52)+./ -"# #&%*+#1- )',8%#"#.1+0# 5#1)%+8-+'. '(

-"#1# *&3#%19 ="+)" "# -#%,#5 -"# 1'+* h4'53:aEW > +-1 '=. 8%')#119 )',8'1#5 '( ,&.3 5+((#%#.- 8&%-19 &.5 +-1 )'.1+1-#.)3 &1 & 4'53)',#1 (%', +-1 )&8&)+-3 -' 4# %#)'/.+c#5 43 & 131-#, '( %#1#,4*&.)#1 -"&- %#8#&-9

!"+1 )'.)#8- '( 1'+* ('%,&-+'. 4#/+.1 +-1 1-'%3 ="#%# A&**'2 *#(- '((: !"# /%&.+-#-"&- ,#- +-1 1&5 #.5 &1 1'+* +. .+.#-##.-">)#.-2%3 2.+('%,+-&% &. /#'*'/3 1255#.*3

18%+./1 -' *+(# &/&+.: !"# -+.3 =#&-"#%#5 8&%-+)*#1 '( (#*518&% -&O# '. & .#= /#'>*'/+)&* +5#.-+-3 &1 -"# )*&3 ,+.#%&* O&'*+.: B0#% -"# )'2%1# '( K7 -' E77 3#&%19 -"#%#1+1-&.- S2&%-c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

='%O '( '%/&.+1,1: Z"#. -"+1 8%')#11 5'#1 .'- '))2% -"# 1'+* +1 )&**#5 3'2./9 &.5 +1"','/#.'21 *+O# & 1&.5 52.#:ELZ"#. +- 5'#1 '))2%9 +- 8%'52)#1 & 8&--#%. '( *&3#%19&.5 -"#1# &%# -"# #11#.-+&* %#8#-+-+'. %#S2+%#5 ('% -"# 8%'52)-+'. '( & 131-#, '(%#1#,4*&.)#1 O.'=. &1 1'+* -&


50/264

FJ

!"# )',8*#-# -%&.1('%,&-+'. '( & ,&-#%+&* (%', 1',#-"+./ -"&- =&1 1+,8*3 -"#*#(-'0#% 5#-%+-21 '( %')O1 -' 1',#-"+./ -"&- +1 +-1#*( & 4'539 )',8*#-# =+-" '%/&.191',#-"+./ -"&- /%'=1 &.5 5#0#*'81 &.5 +1 )&8&4*# '( 4#+./ 3'2./ '% #*5#%*39 +1& O+.5 '( &*)"#,+)&* -%&.1('%,&-+'. +. -"# #,8+%+)&* 2.5#%1-&.5+./ '( 1'+*1 -"&-2.5'24-#5*3 ,#%+-1 & "+1-'%+)&* ,&%O#%: !"# 5+((#%#.)# +. -"# 2.5#%1-&.5+./ '(1'+* 4#('%# &.5 &(-#% -"+1 -2%. )&. 4# )*#&%*3 5+1)#%.#5 43 )',8&%+./ -"# +,&/#1

'( 1'+* +. X'%-'. &.5 A&**'2 mA+/1: 7W l 7Ln9 =+-" -"'1# '( @2%-+1 A: X&%42- mA+/:7Jn9 ="' ='%O#5 &1 -"# R+%#)-'% '( -"# T'+* T2%0#3 R+0+1+'. &- -"# ;.+-#5 T-&-#1R#8&%-,#.- '( ?/%+)2*-2%# (%', EIE7 2.-+* "+1 5#&-" +. EIFK: X&%42- 824*+1"#5 -"# ;.+-#5 T-&-#1 +.-' EF h_%#&- _%'281:a N&)" 8&+.-+./ +1 & h-38+)&*a '% /#.#%&*> )"&%&)-#%+c# -"&- 1'+*9 42- &*1' -"# 8%')#11#1 -"&- 8%'52)# -"# *&3#%1 '0#% -+,#:A'% +.1-&.)#9 +. -"# 8&+.-+./ '( -"# _%2.53 T+*- Y'&, _%#&- _%'28 mA+/: 7Jn9 -"#0#%-+)&* 1-%+&-+'.1 &.5 4*'-)"3 *+/"- &.5 5&%O 4%'=. )'*'2%1 5#8+)- & 1'+* 8%')#11

O.'=. &1 h,'--*+./9a ="+)" +1 8%'52)#5 43 & %+1+./ &.5 (&**+./ =&-#% -&4*#: V. -"+18&+.-+./9 -"# *'=#% *+,+- '( -"# 288#%,'1- 1'+* *&3#% +1 .'- 1"'=. &1 & )*#&. &.55+1-+.)- *+.# 1#8&%&-+./ -"# 4%'=.+1" %#5 (%', -"# 4*&)O9 &1 +. -"# *&3#%1 '( -"#

A+/: 7J /0'52 &I /=#,)*5-

/(,)*+'0+,#. ?"72)*5' E52)2 )-*'+@)-( O5-@ L#')#I> :')=50#> 6&)'2> 5-@ 350+,5' N#(#050)&- &I 0"# R-)0#@

6050#2 ===:5&0+5%2,1#3:)',:


51/264

!"%## C'*#1 i T#-" R#.+c#. FI

'( &13,,#-%+)&* +.-#.1+-+#1: !"# 4*'-)"3 )'*'2%1 &.5 0#%-+)&* 1-%+&-+'.1 +. -"# *'=#%*&3#% &%# ,#&.- -' #0'O# -"# &.%'4+) )"#,+1-%3 8%'52)#5 43 8#%+'5+) +.2.5&-+'.:

V. '%5#% -' ,&O# -"+1 -&52)#5 1'*#*3 43 /#'*'/+)&* &.5 4+'*'/+)&* )'.5+-+'.1: ;.-+* -"+1 -+,#9 -"#%# =&1 .'=&3 -' )*&11+(3 -"# *&3#%1 +. 2%4&. 1'+*9 &.5 43 EIIK -"# "'*# -"+1 *#(- +. -"# 1'+*12%0#3 =&1 *&%/# #.'2/" -' ,#%+- 1',# &--#.-+'.: V. #0#%3 1'+* ,&8 -"# ;TR? "&5 )#&1#5 -' "&0# *&3#%1d&.5 &1 12)" &*1' )#&1#5 -' "&0# 52%&-+'.:66 V- "&5 -&O#.&*,'1- & )#.-2%3 -' 131-#,&-+)&**3 '%/&.+c# -"# )',8*#< 52%&-+'.1 '( 1'+* +.-' & -&'.',3 -"&- =&1 )&8&4*# '( -&O+./ +.-' )'.1+5#%&-+'. -"# 5+0#%1# #((#)-1 '( )*+,&-#9


52/264


53/264

!"%## C'*#1 i T#-" R#.+c#. \E

> &,'2.- '( ,#%)2%3 +. & "2,&. 4'53 =+** %#,&+. +. -"# 1'+* ('% &%'2.5 69W77 3#&%1: '( )',8*#< ,&-#%+&* 52%&-+'.1 -"&- )"&./# &.59 &1 +1 #0+5#.- (%', N* U&0&*9 =+** 4#)*#&%*3 5+&/.'1-+) '( & %#)'/.+c&4*# 1'+* 1-%2)-2%# ('% -"'21&.51 '( 3#&%1:

?,'./ -"# ,'1- )',,'. 1'+*1 -' %#8#&- -"%'2/"'2- -"# )+-3 &%# 1'+*1 -"&- ('%,+. )'.1-%2)-+'. 5#4%+1: mA+/: EEn !"# 4&1+) ,#-&4'*+) (2.)-+'.1 '( )'.1-%2)-+'. &.55#,'*+-+'. +. 2%4&. &%#&1 8%'52)# & "2/# &,'2.- '( =&1-# ,&-#%+&* +. -"# ('%,'( )'.)%#-#9 &18"&*-9 4%+)O9 ,&1'.%3 4*')O19 5%3=&**9 1-##*9 %#4&%9 )#%&,+)9 #-): 42%+#5: Y+O# -"# 1'+* 1#5+,#.- 5#8'1+-#5 43 %+0#%19 -"# 42+*5+./ ,&-#%+&*1 ,+1+c# 4+'>5#/%&5&4*# &%-+(&)-19 \Kt )'44*#>1+c#5 .'.>4+'5#/%&5&4*# &%-+(&)-19 &.5 Kt )'4> ,#&.1 -"&- +- +1 531-%'8"+) [+.(#%-+*# ('% &/%+)2*-2%#]9 25+) [%#/&%5+./ +-1 ,'+1-2%#%#/+,#]9 &.5 '( -"# '%5#% V.)#8-+1'* [,#&.+./ +- "&1 8''%*3 5#0#*'8#5 12412%(&)#"'%+c'.1]: !"#1# 12412%(&)# "'%+c'.1 &%# 28 -' LKt -%&1"9 42- )*&11+(3+./ A%#1"O+**1 X'2.-&+.1:


54/264

\6

Z"&- 4#--#% 5+'%&,& '( -"# #,#%/+./ /#'*'/3 '( -"# 8%#1#.- )'2*5 4#8%'52)#5g !"# )'.0#%/#.)# '( ,'2.-&+.1 '( -%&1" &.5 D+#5,'.- X'2.-&+.1 /#'*'/+)&* %#*&-+'. '( .#=.#119 =+-" %#18#)- -' 8%')#11#1 '( 1'+* ('%,&-+'.9+1 8%+0+*#/#5 '0#% -"# 5+((#%#.)# 4#-=##. "2,&. -%&1" &.5 .&-2%&**3 ('%,#5,'2.-&+.1: N&)" '( -"#1# 1'+*1 +1 124b#)- -' 0#%3 %&8+5 &.5 8'=#%(2* ('%)#1'( 5#8'1+-+'. &.5 %#,'0&* ="+)" %#12*- +. & 3'2./ 1'+* [V.)#8-+1'*] -"&- +1+.(#%-+*#: V. -"+1 5#1)%+8-+'.9 -"#%# +1 4'-" &. 2.5#%1-&.5+./ '( 1'+* &1 & 131-#, '(*&3#%19 &.5 &1 & 21#(2* -"+./ 8%'52)#5 43 &. &.&*31+1 '( /#'*'/+) %#*&-+'.19 %&-"#%-"&. &.-"%'8')#.-%+) 5#1)%+8-+'.1 '( /#'*'/+)&* '%+/+.1: !"+1 (')21 '. /#'*'/+)&*%#*&-+'.1 &112,#1 -"&- &** ,&--#% +1 /#'*'/+)&*9 +.1'(&% &1 +- "&1 & 52%&-+'. +. -+,#9&.5 -"&- -"+1 52%&-+'. +1 8%'52)#5 +. &.'-"#% ('%2, '( ('%#.1+)1G -&


55/264


56/264

\\

? !"# 21# '( -"# -#%, h52%&-+'.a &1 & 8%'8#%-3 &--%+42-&4*# -' -"+./1 )',#1 (%', -"# A%#.)" :,#50)A# *#)-2%#:"-,*:

00

U#0#&* T#&1'.&* @*BDHQBD+.-#%&)-+'.9a 350+,#FEK [X&3 EIJK]G 67Lr6E7:0H !"# /-05,*0)* QC&-# K&'#. J,&= W)2*&A#,7

9 ;.+-#5 Q&-+'.1 N.0+%'.,#.- D%'/%&,,# [;QND] R+0+1+'. X'.-%#&* D%'-')'*9 ===:2.#8:'%/H'c'.&)-+'.:

05 ?: N&-'. &.5 !: U: P#)O9 / %#&'&()*5' 6+,A#7 &I 0"# :&+-07 &I /'H5-7[?*4&.3G ?/%+)2*-2%&*T')+#-3 '( ?*4&.3 @'2.-39 Q`9 EJ67]:

0N !"# 350+,# 5-@ ?,&8#,07 &I 6&)'2> _0" #@S[Y'.5'.G EJ\F]:

0? A: ?: A&**'29 ?#@&'&()# &@#, /''(#=#)-# +-@ H#2&-@#,# E&@#-;+-@# P2)""&.5*2./9 EJW6]:

0Y !"#%# +1 1',# 5+182-# &1 -' ="&- 8%#)+1#*3 -' )%#5+- R'O2)" =+-": !&.5&%+)" #-: &*: [1## W)# (#&(-&20)2*"G5(,&-&=)2*"# b5,0),+-(


57/264

!"%## C'*#1 i T#-" R#.+c#. \K

5#1)%+8-+'.1 '( -"# 1'+* &1 & 4'53 5' .'- &88#&% 2.-+* "+1 ,&b'% ='%O L+22)5- :"#,-&C#= C'=#0#%9 +- =&1 +. -"+1 ='%O -"&- R'O2)" 824*+1"#5 "+1 (&,'21 ?P@ 131-#, ('% 1'+*

R&%=+. &*1' 824*+1"#5 &. ?P@ 131-#, '( 1'+* *&3#%1 +. "+1 4''O '. #&%-"='%,1 +. EJJE9="+)" )'.-&+.#5 5#-&+*#5 5%&=+./1 '( -"# 1'+* *&3#%1: T##G @"&%*#1 R&%=+.9


58/264

\W

[P#."&,9 EIJ6]9 6&)' 6+,A#7 L#8&,0 &I M&-0(&=#,7 :&+-07[P%'=. &.5 R3#%9 EIJK]9 &.56&)' 6+,A#7 L#8&,0 &I 0"# :)07 &I E5'0)=&,# 12%0#319 -"# 1'+* +1 5#1)%+4#5 +. 0#%3 4%'&5 -#%,1 12)" &1 h2%4&. *&.59a h"2,&.>,&5#9a '%

H5 8%#1#.-#5 &- -"# Q+.#-##.-" hZ'%*5 @'./%#11 '( T'+* T)+#.)#9 T'+* T'*2-+'.1 ('% & @"&./+./Z'%*59a P%+14&.#9 ?21-%&*+&9 67E7]:

HN P2%+&*9a 6K9 .': E [67E6]G EK7rEKI:

H? @#,#-#%+#19a 6*)#-*# L#8&,09 [R#)#,4#% 677\]G 6IrFK:

HY ?** 1'+* 5#1)%+8-+'.1 (%', Q#= '%O @+-3 T'+* T2%0#3 T-&((9 3#4 ]&,; :)07 L#*&--5)225-*#6&)' 6+,A#79 T'+* T2%0#39 T-&-#. V1*&.59 Q` [;.+-#5 T-&-#1 R#8&%-,#.- '( ?/%+)2*-2%#

Q&-2%&* U#1'2%)#1 @'.1#%0&-+'. T#%0+)#9 677K]:


59/264


60/264

\J

-"# /#'*'/+)9 -38+)&**3 43 =&3 '( & 18&-+&* -%&.1*&-+'. +.-' -"# "&%5.#11 '( 1-'.# '%9('% +.1-&.)#9 -"# /%&5&-+'.1 '( #%'1+'.:EC'=#0#%9 &1 =+-" &.3 -%&.1*&-+'.9 %#,&+.> %#,&+.5#%:

!"#K+-0)-( &I 0"# 6-5,;c/- /(&-7 )- f J)02d=# &%#-'*5 '( & .&2-+)&* )%#= +. 1#&%)" '( &. +.)'.>)#+0&4*# )%#&-2%#: ?- 1#&9 -"# P#**,&.9 8%'0+5#1-"# )%#= =+-" -"# ('**'=+./ 5+%#)-+'.1G & 4*&.O,&8: V- +1 -"# ')#&.9 "# )*&+,1: h?.5 -"# )%#==#%# ,2)" 8*#&1#5 ="#. -"#3 ('2.5 +- -' 4# H P#**,&. ='2*5 )%3G &.5 -"# )%#= ='2*5 %#8*3 Hh!"#3 &%# ,#%#*3 )'.0#.-+'.&* 1+/.1qa ?1 & ,&89+- +1 & h8#%(#)- &.5 &41'*2-# 4*&.O9a -"# ('%, )'.-#.- &1 & 0&1- 2.5'+./ '( 5+%#)-+'.9 8'1+-+'.9&.5 1)&*#:6

Z"&- -"# P#**,&. 5'#1 -' -"# ')#&.9 ^+%/+.+&Z''*( &88*+#1 -' -"# 4'53G hZ# &%# #5/#5 =+-",+1-: Z# ,&O# &. 2.1241-&.-+&* -#%%+-'%39a 1"#=%+-#1:F !"# B5A#2[EIFE]5#8+)-1 & ,'%.+./ &1 -"# (%#.c+#59 #


61/264

N8+1'5#1 (%', & C+1-'%3 '( T)&*#*#11.#11 i ?5&, P'44#--# \I

5#-&+* &1 -"# 4'53 ,'0#1 -"%'2/" 18&)#: N&)" -"+./ =# 1## +1 & '.#>1+5#5 12%(&)# '. -"+1 0#%3 1)"#,& -"%'2/" &. #.5*#11 2.%&0#**+./ '( -"# 1&,# '4b#)-1: A'% +.>1-&.)#9 +. '.# 8&+.-+./ &. +1*&.5 +1 8+)-2%#5 &1 & *2,89 +. &.'-"#%9 -"# 1&,# +1*&.5 WT)&*# 1.&81 -"# ='%*5 +. &.5 '2-'( (')219 ="+*# -"# +.1241-&.-+&* +1 &- -"# #5/#9 '. -"# 4&)O1+5#9 &.5 +. -"# %#)#11#1'( #0#%3 1)#.#:

/ !"&+25-@ ?'50#5+29 _+**#1 1,''-" 18&)#:aLR#*#2c# &.5 _2&--&%+ 5#0'-# -"+1 8*&-#&2 -' 5#1)%+4+./ -"# 1,''-"18&)# '( -"# 1#& &.5 -"# 0&%+'21 +-#%&-+'.1 +- "&1 &(('%5#5 1)+#.)#9 ,&-"#,&-+)19&%-9 &.5 8"+*'1'8"3d#&)" #.)'2.-#% #+-"#% 8%'*+(#%&-+./ '% #0&5+./ +-1 ,#.&)+./S2&*+-+#1: V. '.# ,#,'%&4*# #-+'.9 -=' +,8'%-&.- )"&%&)-#%+1-+)1 &%# #0+5#.-*3 /+0#.G -"# 2.)'.0#.-+'.&*+-3 '(5+%#)-+'. &.5 -"# =+-"#%+./ '( 4'2.5&%+#1 -"&- )'2*5 5#-#%,+.# & *')&-+'.: T8&-+&* 12%(&)# &.5 5#8-" 4#)',# "'**'= +. R#*#2c# &.5 _2&--&%+: V. #&)"9 -+,# &.5 18&)# > '( 1)&*#*#11.#11 )'.1-%2)-#5 43 5+((#%#.- *+-#%&-2%#1g @&. =# 1##9 &- 8&%-+)2*&%"+1-'%+)&* ,',#.-19 ,'%# '% *#11 '( & )'.)#%. =+-" -"+1 8#%8*#


62/264

K7

'( 1)&*#*#11.#11 43 #+*3 &1 +,&/#1 '( ,'2.-&+.1 '% 8#44*#1: !"+1 -38# '( 8"'-'/%&8" ='2*5 8%'*+(#%&-#+. -"# -=#.-+#-" )#.-2%3 &1 /#'*'/+1-1 4#/&. -' %#/2*&%*3 +.)'%8'%&-# 8"'-'/%&8"3 -"# +,&/# &.5 %#8*&)# -"#, =+-" '4b#)-1: !"%'2/" -"+1 &)-9 &1 -"# )&,#%& ,'0#1-'=&%5 -"# -#)".'*'/+)&* 5#1-+.3 '( -"# h)*'1#>289a & S2&*+-3 '( 1)&*#*#11.#11 +1 4'-"124-*3 8%'52)#5 &.5 )&%#(2**3 .#/'-+&-#5: !"+1 .+,4*# #.)'2.-#% +1 ="&- =# )&.

.'= #


63/264

N8+1'5#1 (%', & C+1-'%3 '( T)&*#*#11.#11 i ?5&, P'44#--# KE

=+-" -"# .&-2%# '( -#,8'%&* &.5 18&-+&* 1)&*#1 &.5 -"# 8'11+4+*+-3 '( #)&,# -"# 1-&.5&%5 /%&,,&% '( ,#&12%#,#.- ('% #./+.##%+./ &.5 &%)"+-#)-2%#9="+)" 18'O# +-1 #0#.-+'.1 '( 8%#)+1+'.9 12)" &1 -"# 1)&*#5 ,&89 &.5 -"%'2/" "+1 &50')&)3 ('% -"#0+12&* &))2%&)3 '( 8"'-'/%&8"3: C'=#0#%9 "+1 ='%O &*1' #


64/264


65/264


66/264


67/264

N8+1'5#1 (%', & C+1-'%3 '( T)&*#*#11.#11 i ?5&, P'44#--# KK

)&8-2%# /#'*'/+) +,8%#11+'.1 &- & 1)&*# -'' 5#-&+*#5 ('% -"# 8%#1#.)# '( & "2,&. >,'.8*&)# 2.-+* 1',# 3#&%1 *&-#%9 *&%/#*3 52# -' -"# 5#*&3#5 28-&O# '( -"# 8%&)-+)# &.5 #


68/264

KW

&/&+.1- -"# 4&1# '( -"# )*+((19 21+./ &1 ,+11+*#1 -"# (&**#. 1-'.#19 %&8+5*3 2.5#%,+.#1-"#,9 ="#. -"# 288#% 8&%- (&**1 &.5 +1 1=#8- &=&3 43 -"# =&0#1G -"# 18%+./ 1*'=+./&*'./ -"# b2.)-+'. '( 8#%0+'21 4#51 [1&.51] =+-" +,8#%0+'21 '.#1 [)*&31] *''1#.1-"# &5"#1+'. '( -"# 4#51 &.5 -"# 288#% 8&%- 1*+5#1 5'=. '. -' -"# 4#&)":a EI!"##%'1+'. '( -"# *&.51)&8# (%', -"# )'&1-d43 %&+. &.5 =+.5d4'-" +,8%#11#1 -"#*&.5 +.-' +-1 1"&8# ="+*# 1+,2*-&.#'21*3 #


69/264


70/264

KJ

+,&/#9 +- ='2*5 1-+** .'- %#1'*0# -"# 1)&*#: U&-"#%9 +- ='2*5 #.-&./*# &.'-"#% 1)&*#9(2%-"#% )',8*+)&-+./ -"# %#*&-+'.1 &,'./ 1)&*#1: V- ='2*5 .'- 8%'52)# &))2%&)39 42-#.('*5 -"# '4b#)- =+-"+. -"# *'/+) '( -"# &)-2&*+c&-+'. '( 1)&*#*#11 -+,# &.5 1)&*#*#11 &.5 5+%#)-+'.9 42- ('**'=1 & 5+((#%#.- )'2%1#: V- +1 &. &))2,2*&-+'. '( ('11+*+c#5+,8%#11+'.1 # 5-@ 6#-2)H)')0)#2[Q#= `'%OG Z:Z: Q'%-'.9 EIII]9 EJW:

0^ D"'-'/%&8"+) C+1-'%+&.19a

00 / K)20&,7 &I ?"&0&(,58"7 B,)00#- 52 5 ?,5*0)*5' %+)@# 5-@9-0,&@+*0)&- 0& )02 O50#20 W#A#'&8=#-02[Y'.5'.G !%24.#% l @':9 EJJJ]9 LrE6:

0H V4+5:9 EFr67:

05 V4+5:9 6Er6L:0N V4+5:9 EL:

0? %#&'&(7 &I 0"# :&+-0)#2 &I


71/264


72/264

W7

B%+/+.&**3 )'.1-%2)-#5 +. EI7K9 -"# R',+.+'. B41#%0&-'%3 +. B--&=& =&1 >,#.-1 '( -"# T2. %#*&-+0# -' -"# N&%-"9 & )'.1-%2)-+'. '( -+,# =&1 5#-#%,+.#5&.5 5+)-&-#5 -' -"# )'2.-%3: !"# '41#%0&-'%3 )*'1#5 +. EIL\ ="#. +-1 52-+#1=#%# 12))##5#5 43 -"# ,'%# 8%#)+1# &-',+) )*')O: !"# 1"+(- (%', &1-%'.',+>)&* '41#%0&-+'.1 -' -"# &-',+) )*')O ,#&.- & 1"+(- (%', &. '.-'*'/+)&**3 )'.>-+.2'21 #


73/264

V.S2+%+#1 &.5 V.-#%8%#-&-+'.1 i N,+*3 @"#./ WE

Y$0( C*%" S"A@3%)#18)61)*#

!"# '41#%0&-'%3 +1 .'-'%+'21 ('% 4#+./ +. '.# '( -"# =+.5+#1- &%#&1 +. B--&=&:X'.-"*3 =+.5 %'1# 5+&/%&,1 ('% -"# &%#& &%# -%&.1*&-#5 +.-' & E6>1-'%#31-&+%)&1#9 #&)" 1-#8 &*+/.#5 =+-" & )&%5+.&* 5+%#)-+'. +. 8*&.: A+.# *#&-"#%*&1"+./1 &%# "2./ (%', -"# ,#-&* /%&-+./ '( -"# 1-#81 &.5 -%&.1*&-# -"# =+.55+%#)-*3 '.-' -"# 1O+. '( -"# 21#%:

;1E0")$8 ;"#$($10 W268)61)*#

!"# @&.&5+&. D%+,# X#%+5+&. +1 ,&5# -&./+4*# =+-" & %'= '( ,&/.#-+)4#.)"#1 -"&- )&. 4# 8+0'-#5 -' ,',#.-&%+*3 4%#&O -"# *'./+-25+.&* *+.#: !"#4#.)"#1 '1)+**&-# 4#-=##. -%2# .'%-" &.5 ,&/.#-+) .'%-":

>0F"#)"( ,"2"%8*7$8 !*21# ;1E0$B$"# Z ,#184"#

!"# 5+121#5 '41#%0&-'%3 -#*#1)'8# +1 +.0#%-#5 -' ,&/.+(3 -"# 1'*&% %&31 4&)O+.-' -"# 42+*5+./ -' ,#*- -"# +.1-&**#5 =&< 12%(&)#1: !"# %#12*- +1 &. &))2>,2*&-+'. '( #((#)-1 -"&- %#.5#% 1'*&% ,'0#,#.-1 1#.12'21 &.5 +."&4+-&4*#:

[*0" *B >0)"#-$))"0) !1)6#1)$*0 C"E$%)#1)*#

!"# )'88#% 5',# '( -"# ('%,#% 8"'-'>#S2&-'%+&* 42+*5+./ +1 +.0#%-#5 -'(2..#* %&+. +.-' & )#**2*'1# 18'./# -"&- 1-%#-)"#1 5'=. +.-' -"# =&-#% -&> +. %#18'.1# -' -"# 12%%'2.5+./ 1&-2%&-+'. *#0#*1:

;$8#*A%"$%-$8 \ ;$8#*A)#"-*# 9"#$%8*7$0E @-72$B$"#

X+)%'>1#+1,1 &.5 ,+)%'>-%#,'%19 .'%,&**3 +,8#%)#8-+4*# -' "2,&.19 &%# #.)*'12%# =+-" 18%+./>,'2.-#5 ,+%%'%1 -"&- 0+12&**3 0+4%&-# -"# 12%%'2.5>+./ 42+*5+./1:


74/264

W6


75/264

@&$$*"/ .A !&'%F'&$#.,'512 Y"$T-10 $0 .*0F"#%1)$*0 G$)/ U"1)/"# S1F$% 10( ')$"00" ,6#7$0Q

9+* 8D#4*,%* .A $+* 1,$+".G.%*,*

!"# %+5,@)5- %#)#.-*3 %#8'%-#5 -"&- -"# ;T "&1 1#- 28 & 8%#5&-'% 5%'.#

4&1# b21- '2-1+5# '( Q+&,#39 Q+/#%9 #

-'%3 %'*# '( )%+-+)&* -"'2/"- =+-"+. +.-#%.&-+'.&* "2,&.+-&%+&. *&=9 21+./ -"#

-''*1 '( b'2%.&*+1-+) +.0#1-+/&-+'. &.5 )'.)#8-2&* -"#'%+c&-+'. -"&- %#,&+.9

8#%8#-2&**39 )'>)'.1-+-2-+0# '( "+1 8%&)-+)#: V. 4'-" "+1 =%+-+./ &.5 './'+./

&%)"+-#)-2%# 8%'b#)-19 Z#+c,&. 5#,'.1-%&-#1 -"&- -"# 5+0+1+'. 4#-=##.

*#&%. -' .#/'-+&-# +.-#.1# &.5 %&5+)&* )'.-%&5+)-+'.1 +. '%5#% -' %#1-%2)-2%#

>

5+0+52&*1 ('% -"#+% )2*8&4+*+-3 +. -"# 5#&-"1 '( '-"#%1 +. './'+./ )'*'.+&* &.5

(%'.-+#% =&%19 ="+*# &- -"# 1&,# -+,# &%-+)2*&-+./ -"# =&31 +. ="+)" ('%)#9

,&-#%+&*19 &.5 .'."2,&. &)-'%1 5+((21# &.5 #12%>

L*&$+*" 7&D#/ c 8$#*,,* 9F"G#, D#%"&81 & /''5 8*&)# -' 4#/+. +1 =+-" 3'2% :5-@)@# [ELKI]: A%', '2% 8'1+-+'. +. -"# "2,&.+-+#19 =# O.'= -"&- -"# #8')" '( -"# /2&%&.-##5 43 & 5+0+.# )&*)2*21 -"&- 8#%,+--#5 ('%,1 '( 5#1-%2)-+0# #0+* +. '%5#%-' '8-+,+c# -"# +.0+1+4*# &.5 ,31-#%+'21 /''5 '))2%%+./ #*1#="#%#d+1 & O#3 -'2.5#%1-&.5+./ -"# 0+'*#.)# '( -"+1 8#%+'5: ?*-"'2/" *#11 124b#)- -' %+5+)2*#9 42-


76/264

W\

)#%-&+.*3 .' *#11 8#%.+)+'219 +1 -"# )'.-#,8'%&%3 )'.5+-+'. ="#%#+. -"# '8-+,&*('%,1 '( 5#1-%2)-+'. )&**#5 ('% 43 .#= 1-&.5&%51 '( +.-#%.&-+'.&* "2,&.+-&%+&.*&= 1"+#*5 )%+,+.&* 8#%8#-%&-'%1 ="'1# 8%#)+1# 0+'*#.)# +.)%#&1#1 &*'./1+5# -"#12((#%+./ '( -"'1# '88%#11#5 43 )&*)2*&-#5 0+'*#.)#9 )'#%)+'.9 &.5 )'**#)-+0# 82.> -"+1 ,#-&8"31+)&* 5+18'1+-+'. 8#%1+1- +. ="&- 3'2 )&** -"# h"2,&.+-&%+&. 8%#1#.-ag

8J&' 6*#_)&, V- ,+/"- 4# +.-#%#1-+./ -' 1-&%- -"+1 )'.0#%1&-+'. =+-" & *+--*#-"'2/"- #1)&*# )'.1-%2)-+'. 1+-#:

5#1)%+4#5 &.5 -"'2/"- -' 4# )'.-%'**#5 43 &. #.5*#11 )&*)2*219 42- -"+1 )&*)2*&-+'. >%#&2)%&)3 '( )&*)2*&-+'.1 -"&- +.)*25# 1#.1'%1 +. -"# 1241'+*9 -#%%&+.9 &+%9 &.5 1#&9 &**8%')#11#5 43 &*/'%+-",1 &.5 -"#+% &--#.5&.- ,'5#*1: !"+1 %#&*+-3 ,+/"- .#)#11+-&-#& 5+((#%#.- #-"+)'>8'*+-+)&* %#18'.1#9 &1 =#** &1 & 5+((#%#.- )'.)#8-+'. '( 2.+0#%1&*+-3.'- 42+*- '. *#0#*+./ -"# 5+((#%#.)# 4#-=##. )2*-2%#1 &.5 8#'8*#9 42- '.# -"&- ='2*5&*1' +.)*25# -"# ')#&.: ?.59 b21- -' ('**'= -"# )+%)2+- '( 8'*+-# 5+1)211+'.1d=# &%#&,'./ -"# 8&.-"#'. '( -"# N.*+/"-#.,#.- &(-#% &**d=# )'2*5 1&3 1',#-"+./ +. &** -"# 4#1- +. -"# 4#1- '( &** 8'11+4*# ='%*519 ^'*-&+%# )'.)*25#5 :5-@)@#=+-" h=#,21- )2*-+0&-# '2% /&%5#.:a Q'= -"# /&%5#. +1 -"# 1+c# '( -"# 8*&.#-:


77/264

X&--#%1 '( @&*)2*&-+'. i ? @'.0#%1&-+'. =+-" N3&* Z#+c,&. WK

T'9 -' &.1=#% 3'2% S2#1-+'. ,'%# 1#%+'21*3 .'=9 ="&- *#5 ,# -' %#-2%. -'^'*-&+%#9 &.5 Y+14'.9 +1 -"# %#*&-+'. 4#-=##. )&*)2*21 &.5 5+1&1-#%: V- +1 & %#*&-+'. '( )&*)2*&-# -"# *#&1- '( &** 8'11+4*# #0+*1 [&1 =&%>,&O+./ +1 %#52)#5 -' &)-+./ '. )&*)2> +.1-%2,#.-1 5#1+/.#5 -' %#52)# %+1Od5#%+0&-+0#19 -&%/#-#5 O+**+./19 "2,&.+-&%+&.&+5d#.5 28 &,8*+(3+./ +- #,#.- '( 3'2% -"'2/"- (%', K&''&4 O5-@ [677L] &.5 +-1 #*&4'%&-+'. '( h8'*+-+)&*8*&1-+)a -' 3'2% ,'%# %#)#.- 5#0#*'8,#.- '( ('%#.1+) &%)"+-#)-2%# +. !"# O#520 &I

/'' ?&22)H'# '%+#.-#5 b2%+5+)&* )2*-2%#: C'= ,2)" '( -"+1 ,'0#,#.-

86 >-+'.1 '. K&''&4 O5-@ -+,# &.5 #(('%-d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h"2,&.+-&%+&.a /'0#%.,#.-:?*-"'2/"9 '( )'2%1#9 ,&-#%+&*+-3 +1 & (2.5&,#.-&* )&-#/'%3 +. -"# *&--#% 4''O9 &*4#+-+. & 5+((#%#.- =&39 &1 V -%+#5 -' 1"'= "'= +- &)-+0&-#1 *&= &.5 +-1 ('%2,1 -"%'2/"('%#.1+)1:

V. &.3 )&1#9 -"# +.0#1-+/&-+'. -"&- )2*,+.&-#5 +. ,3 %#)#.- ='%O 1-&%-#5 =+-" &)#%-&+. %#(21&* '( 18&-+&* %#1#&%)" ,#-"'5'*'/+#19 )',,'.*3 "#*5 &- -"# -+,#9 5#>%+0#5 ,&+.*3 (%', )#%-&+. %#&5+./1 '( C#.%+ Y#(#40%#: V -"'2/"- -"#3 .##5#5 & ,'%# =#** &1 &. 2.5#%1-&.5+./ '( -"# +,,&.#.- 8'=#% '( )'.1-&.- +.-#%&)-+'. 4#-=##.('%)# &.5 ('%,: ?)%'11 ="&- V 5#1)%+4# &1 -"# h8'*+-+)&* 8*&1-+)9a 18&)# +1 )'.-+.2>'21*3 +. -%&.1('%,&-+'.d8'*+-+)&* ('%)#1 1*'=+./ +.-' ('%,: V -%+#5 -' 5#1)%+4# =&%&1 & 53.&,+) 8%')#11 '( 18&)#>,&O+./: A%'.-+#% )'*'.+c&-+'. +1 & 1*'=#5>5'=. =&%9


78/264

WW

0"#+,&/+.&%3 ('% & *'- '( 18&-+&* -"#'%3 &.5 -"21 '(-#. ,+18*&)#5 &.5&88*+#5 -' -"# (%'.-+#%: D&%+1 +1 & 8*&..#5 )+-39 & 0#%3 "&%5 )+-39 &.5 +-1 "&%5.#11 "&1"&2.-#5 -"# +,&/+.&-+'. '( 1',# 18&-+&* 1)"'*&%1 1-253+./ 0#%3 5+((#%#.- %#&*+-+#1-'5&3: V -"'2/"- =# "&5 -' /#- %+5 '( D&%+1 -' *+4#%&-# D&*#1-+.#: ?.5 -"#. V O#8- -"# 1)&*# '( -"# -#%%+-'%39 42- '. & ,+)%'>1)&*#9 -"%'2/" &. &.&*31+1 '( 5#-&+*1 &.5

T'9 -' %#(#% -' &. +5#& 3'2 4%'2/"- 28 +. '2% #&%*+#% )'.0#%1&-+'.9 -"# +5#& '( h#*&1>-+)+-39a '% ="&- 3'2 )&**#5 h8*&1-+)+-3ad#.5+./ &- & ,',#.- '( & 4',4 4*&1-dV='2*5 1&3 -"&- V -"+.O -"&- & 4*&1- +1 1+,8*3 &. &))#*#%&-+'. '( %#*&-+'.1 '( ('%)# &.5('%, +. -"# 1&,# =&3 -"&- =&%1 +. -"# )+-3 &%# &. &)-2&*+c&-+'. &.5 &))#*#%&-+'. '( &.5 #0#%3 ('%, '( 5#0#*'8,#.- +. -"# )+-3: V -"+.O +- +1 ,'%# +.-#%#1-+./ -' -"+.O '(-"# )'.-+.2+-+#1 4#-=##. #*&1-+)+-+#1 &.5 #


79/264

X&--#%1 '( @&*)2*&-+'. i ? @'.0#%1&-+'. =+-" N3&* Z#+c,&. WL

C#%# +1 &.'-"#% #)&21# 4#+./ +. )*'1# 8%'


80/264


81/264


82/264

L7

-"&- -"# 8%'b#)- -%&0#%1#19 -"#%# +1 1-+** 1',#-"+./ '( -"# %#*&-+'. 4#-=##. -"# 12%>0#3'%9 1-%2)-2%&* &.&*31+19 &.5 -"# ('%2, -"&- %#,&+.1:

L7c89 V. &. +.-#%0+#= =+-" U'4+. X&)O&39 3'2 1&+5 +. %#*&-+'. -' -"# '))28&-+'.'( D&*#1-+.# 43 V1%*G hN0#%3 ('%, -"&- -"# '))28&-+'. "&1 -&O#. 1+.)# EIWL "&14##. 8%#1#.-#5 &1 &. &--#,8- -' #.5 -"# '))28&-+'.: D#%"&81 -"# '.*3 )'.1-&.--"+./ &4'2- -"# '))28&-+'. +1 -"&- -"#%# &%# &*=&31 &--#,8-1 -' #.5 +-: mwn !"# "&0# 3#- &.'-"#% 18&-+&* &88&%&-21 +. ,+.5:aWV. R#)'*'.+c+./ ?%)"+-#)-2%# [R??U]9& %#1+5#.)3 8%'b#)- 1-&%-#5 43 T&.5+ C+*&*9 ?*#11&.5%' D#--+9 &.5 3'2%1#*( +. P#+-T&"'2%9 3'2 -&O# -"# &88%'&)" -"&- -"# '))28&-+'.9 &.5 +-1 +.-#%,+.&4*# #.59 1"'2*5 3'2 ,#&. 43 5#)'*'.+c&-+'. "#%#g !'=&%5 ="&- O+.5 '( & (2-2%# 5'#1 & 8%&)-+)# '(5#)'*'.+c&-+'. ,'0# +( -"#%# +1 .' #.5 -' -"# '))28&-+'.g

86 V -"+.O -"&- '.# '( -"# 4+//#1- 8%'4*#,1 +. -"+.O+./ &4'2- -"# (2-2%# '( D&*#1-+.#9 8'1+-+'.1 '( '.#>1-&-+1-1 0#%121 -='>1-&-+1-1 0#%121 .'>1-&-+1-19 &.5 & *'- '( 0#%3+,8'%-&.- &.5 )%#&-+0# 5+1)211+'.1 &%# '%/&.+c#5 +. %#*&-+'. -' -"&-: T2%#*39 -"+.O>+./ 8'*+-+)&**39 =# &%# '.#>1-&-+1-19 42- +. R??U9 -"# 1-25+' -"&- T&.5+9 ?*#11&.5%'&.5 V 1#- 289 =# -%3 -' 8%'8'1# & 5+((#%#.- %#*&-+'. -' -"# (2-2%#9 &%-+)2*&-#5 -"%'2/"-"# 8%')#11 '( 5#)'*'.+c&-+'.:L

*#11>-"&.>+5#&* ='%*5: !"+1 "&1 -' 5' .'- '.*3 =+-" -"# 0+'*#.)# -"&- )'.-&,+.&-#1#0#%3 &18#)- '( *+(# -"#%#9 42- &*1' =+-" 5#-#%,+.+./ -"# 8'+.- (%', ="+)" 18#)2> D>1-&-# 1'*2-+'.1a &%# -%&88#5+. & -'8>5'=. 8#%18#)-+0#: Z# 5+5 .'- 1-&%- -"# 8%'b#)- (%', -"# 2-'8+& '( &. #.5 #


83/264

X&--#%1 '( @&*)2*&-+'. i ? @'.0#%1&-+'. =+-" N3&* Z#+c,&. LE

86!"# 8%'b#)- 1-&%-#5 =+-" -"# D&*#1-+.+&. X+.+1-%3 '( D*&..+./ +. 677K9 ="+)""&5 -' &50+1# '. -"# (&-# '( -"# 1#--*#,#.-1 -"&- =#%# &4'2- -' 4# #0&)2&-#5 +. _&c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

L7c89 !"# &%-+1- ?5&, C&%0#3 "&1 5#0#*'8#5 ="&- "# )&**1 hT-#&*-" Z#&%aG "#,&.+82*&-#1 -"# 5'24*# &4+*+-3 '( (&1"+'. -' 4'-" %#0#&* &.5 )'.)#&*9 )%#&-+./ )*'-"> #((#)-+0#*3 1#&*1 +. -"# "#&- '( -"# 4'53 1' -"&- +- )&..'- 4# 5#-#)-#5 (%', -"# &+%:J

'2 =%+-# -"&- &** &%)"+-#)-2%# +1 & 8%')#11 '( ,&O+./ &.5 2.,&O+./9 &. +5#'*'/+)&*%#1-%2)-2%+./ '( 12%(&)#19 3#- 1' ,2)" '( 3'2% ='%O 1##,1 -' 4# &4'2- ,&O+./


84/264

L6

-"+./1 0+1+4*#9 4%+./+./ +.b21-+)#1 -' *+/"-: V1 +- 1',#-+,#1 ,'%# 5#1+%&4*# -' )%#&-#& 12%(&)# '( +.0+1+4+*+-3g

86`#19 V 2.5#%1-&.5 ="&- 3'2 &%# 1&3+./: V -"+.O -"&- %&-"#% -"&. '8#%&-+./ '.& 1+./*# -%&b#)-'%3 '( +.)%#&1#5 0+1+4+*+-39 ,&88+./ +1 &*=&31 &. +.-#%0#.-+'. +. -"# 4#+./ h2.>1"'=.ad-"#1# &%# )"'+)#1 -"&- =# "&0# -' ,&O# =+-" #0#%3 ,&8: Z"#.'.# -"+.O1 &4'2- -"# *'/+) '( 1#.1+./ &.5 -"#-+)19 '.# )&. 2.5#%1-&.5 -"# *'/+) '(5+1&88#&%&.)# &1 &. -"#-+)1 &1 =#**: A'% #('%#.1+)1 +1 -"# +.0#%1+'. 4#-=##. -"# 1-&-# 1-&-# =&1 -"# 8'*+)#: !"+1 &*1' ,#&.- -"&-9 +. ,'1- )&1#19 -"# 1-&-# "&5 & -#)".'*'/+)&*


85/264

X&--#%1 '( @&*)2*&-+'. i ? @'.0#%1&-+'. =+-" N3&* Z#+c,&. LF

&.5 #8+1-#,'*'/+)&* &50&.-&/# '0#% )%+,+.&*1: V. '2% ('%, '( ('%#.1+)19 +- +1 -"#1-&-# -"&- +1 -38+)&**3 -"# )%+,+.&*9 &.5 -"# +.5+0+52&*1 &.5 /%'281d"2,&. %+/"-1'%/&.+c&-+'.19 #.0+%'.,#.-&* &)-+0+1-19 Q_B19 #-):d="' &)- &1 -"# h8'*+)#:a P2--"+1 ,#&.1 -"&- -"'1# 8#%8#-2&-+./ -"# 0+'*#.)# &*1' -#.5 -' )'.-%'* -"# 1)#.# '(-"# )%+,#: !"#3 &*1' "&0# &. '8-+)&* &50&.-&/#: !"#3 )&. 1## 8*&)#1 4#--#%9 &.5 & 1+,+*&% =&3 -' "'= 3'2 8"%&1#5 +-9 =# "&5 -' %#0#&* ="&- +1 +.0+1+4*# 42- &*1')'**#)- &.5 &.&*3c# ="&- +1 &*%#&53 +. -"# 824*+) 5',&+.d0+1+4*# 42- .'- 1##.9 '%1##. &.5 .'- =#** 2.5#%1-''59 *+O# 8"'-'1 +. 1')+&* ,#5+& &.5 -"# *'=>%#1'*2-+'.)',,#%)+&* 1&-#**+-# +,&/#1 (%', _''/*# N&%-": !"+1 ,#&.1 ='%O+./ &%'2.5 -"##0+5#.)#9 .'- '.*3 =+-" +-: T'9 V +5#.-+(3 =+-" -"# =&3 -"&- C&0#% "&1 (%&,#5 -"#S2#1-+'.9 &*-"'2/" -"+1 ,+/"- 4# ,'%# )',8*#,#.-&%3 -' -"# ='%O '( U&.)+x%# -"&.3'2 12//#1-9 1+.)# +. "+1 8"+*'1'8"3 &.5 ='%O '. -"#-+)1 &.5 8'*+-+)1 "# "&18%#)+1#*3 )&**#5 ('% %#'%/&.+c+./ -"# =&3 =# 1## ="&- +1 -"#%# 42- +1 .'- 1##.:

V. A?9 =# 2.5#%-&O# & .2,4#% '( +.0#1-+/&-+'.1 -"&- &%# &** &4'2- *''O+./ &/&+.&- ="&- #


86/264

L\

="&- =# *''O ('%9 &.5 =&31 '( ,'4+*+c+./ +-: !"#1# =&31 '( 1##+./ %#*39 &1 3'2 1&394'-" '. & -"#'%#-+)&* )'.)#8-+'. &.5 &*1' '. -#)".'*'/+)&* +..'0&-+'.1: !'/#-"#%-"#3 -2%. .'+1# +.-' 1'2.5:

L7c89 V. !"# O#520 &I /'' ?&22)H'# '/%&8"+) +.1-+-2-# -' %#>)%#&-# -"# 5%+(- 8&--#%. '( -"# X#5+-#%%&.#&.: !"# ,+/%&.-1'. 4'&%5 =#%# 5%+(-+./ +. '.# '( -"# ,'1- )*2--#%#5 8&%-1 '( -"# X#5+-#%%&.#&.9 +.-"# ,+55*# '( & 1+#/# =+-" & *'- '( ,+*+-&%3 &.5 Q?!B 0#11#*1d&.5 .'4'53 +.-#%>0#.#5: T' -"#+% +5#& =&1 -' %#0#%1# -"# %#/+,# '( 12%0#+**&.)#G +( Z#1-#%. 1-&-#1)*&+, -"+1 +1 -"# ,'1- 12%0#3#5 1#& +. -"# ='%*59 -"#3 &*1' "&0# -"# %#18'.1+4+*+-3 -'8%'-#)- -"'1# 8#'8*# ="' ,+/"- 5%'=. +. +-: ?))'%5+./ -' +.-#%.&-+'.&* *&=1 '( -"#"+/" 1#&19 +( 3'2 "#&% &. TBT )&** 3'2 ,21- +.-#%0#.#: T'9 -"#%# +1 & 1#%+#1 '( *#/&*)"&**#./#1 .'= 4&1#5 '. -"# 0#%3 2.+S2# &4+*+-3 -' -%&)# -"# ,'0#,#.- '( -"# 4'&-+. -"# 1#&:

!"+1 %#1#&%)" %#8%#1#.-1 &. +,8'%-&.- &.5 8&%&5+/,&-+) ,',#.- +. -"# ('%#.1+) > 1-25#.-19 &.5 T+-2 T-25+' &%# 5#0#*'8+./ 5+((#%#.- &4+*+-+#1 -' 0+12&*+c#9 ,&89 &.51#.1# #0#.-19 &1 =#** &1 &50&.)# 8'*+-+)&* &.5 *#/&* )*&+,19 '% 8'*+-+)&* )*&+,1 +. -"#('%, '( *#/&* )*&+,1:

?1 )%+-+)&* 1)"'*&%1 &.5 8%&)-+-+'.#%1 =# &%%+0#5 &- -"+1 8%'b#)- &%,#5 =+-" )%+-+S2#: )%+,#19 42- +. -"# '8#%&-+'. '( -"# ('%2,1 -"&- &5,+.+1-#%#5 -"+1 #0+5#.)# &.5&%4+-%&-#5 '. -"# 4&1+1 '( +-: Z# "&0# .' +**21+'.1 &4'2- -"# ('%2,1G =# O.'= -"#3


87/264

X&--#%1 '( @&*)2*&-+'. i ? @'.0#%1&-+'. =+-" N3&* Z#+c,&. LK

8'=#%(2*: Z# "&0# .' +**21+'.1 &4'2- -"# 8'*+-+)1 '( +.-#%.&-+'.&* "2,&.+-&%+&.*&=: Z# O.'= -"&- "2,&. %+/"-1 ('%#.1+)1 )&. 4#)',# &. #-+)2*&% ('%2, +. ="+)" 3'2 &%# 8%#1#.-+./g

86 !"+1 +112# "&1 &*%#&53 #%28-#5 +. -"# )'.-#


88/264

LW

(%', & 8'*+-+)&* 4&)O/%'2.5: !"# +.5+0+52&* +1 -"# 124b#)- '( "2,&. %+/"-1 &.&*31+1&.5 "#% '% "+1 -#1-+,'.3 +1 -"# =&3 '( /#--+./ +.-' -"# *'/+) '( -"# #0#.-: U#-%+42-+'.+1 -'' '(-#. 1##. &1 -"# 82.+1",#.- '( +.5+0+52&* 8#%8#-%&-'%19 %&-"#% -"&. &1 -"#5+1,&.-*+./ '( &** 1-%2)-2%&*9 1"&8+./ ('%)#1 =+-"+. ="+)" +.b21-+)# +1 8#%8#-%&-#5: >%3 .&%%&-#5 &1 & )%+,#d&1 +( +- =#%# & h1+,8*#a )%+,+.&* )&1#:

C'=#0#%9 =&% )%+,#1 +.0#1-+/&-+'.1 )&** ('% & ,'%# )',8*#< &.&*31+1 -"&.-"'1# +. -"# )'.-#,#.- '( 8'*+-+)1 &.5 -"# #.0+%'.,#.-: ;.*+O# -"# 5+%#)- *+.#&% )&21&*+-3 '( )%+,+.&*


89/264

X&--#%1 '( @&*)2*&-+'. i ? @'.0#%1&-+'. =+-" N3&* Z#+c,&. LL

2.5#%1-''5 &1 5+((21#5 &//%#/&-#1 -"&- &)- 1+,2*-&.#'21*3 +. &** 5+%#)-+'.1: !"#3&%# 1"&8+./ ('%)#1 &.5 -"#3 &((#)- -"# ('%,&-+'. '( *&%/#% -#%%+-'%+#1 &.5 8'*+-

Documents

Etienne Turpin Architecture in the Anthropocene