ETHNICITYBy: Emily Skirpan and Caleigh Hensley

RACE VS. ETHNICITY What is race? Race is used to

describe an identity with a group of people that descend from a common ancestor

Words to describe race are: Caucasian African American

What is ethnicity? Ethnicity is used to

describe an identity with a group of people that share distinct mental and physical traits as a product of common heredity and cultural traditions

*Race can be used to describe ethnicity!

WHERE ARE ETHNICITIES CONCENTRATED? African American – Mostly

concentrated in the South, and some cities up North

Asian American – Mostly concentrated on the West coast and Hawaii

Latin American – Mostly concentrated in the Southwest and bordering states

Native American – Mostly concentrated in the Southwest and a few Midwest states

HISTORY OF SLAVERY AND SEGREGATION The Triangular Slave Trade – Slaves were sent

primarily to Caribbean Islands and traded for sugar and molasses

The slaves were sent to work on plantations in the Southern part of the United States

The Civil War lead to tension over the question and morality of slavery

The Emancipation Proclamation followed by the 13th Amendment ended slavery in the US

Sharecropping resulted as a part of the slaves’ freedom

RACIAL DISCRIMINATION Although slaves were freed, there were still

tensions between racial groups Jim Crow Laws- The systematic practice of

discriminating against and segregating Black people, especially as practiced in the American South from the end of Reconstruction to the mid-20th century

Brown v. Board of Education- court case that ruled separate schools for blacks and whites unconstitutional

APARTHEID Apartheid – “Separateness” between whites

and blacks in South Africa This is a good example of racial

discrimination in the 20th century

ETHNIC CLEANSING Ethnic cleansing – the desire to kill or remove

every man, woman, and child of one ethnic group

Example: Bosnian Serbs (Orthodox Christians) against Bosnian Muslims in former Yugoslavia

Genocide- the deliberate and systematic destruction of a group of people because of their ethnicity, nationality, religion, or race.

Example: The Genocide in Rwanda and the Holocaust

KEY TERMS Racism - belief or doctrine that inherent differences among

the various human races determine cultural or individual achievement

Racist- person with a prejudiced belief that one race is superior to others

nation-state- state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality

Race -people who are believed to belong to the same genetic stock

Apartheid - a rigid policy of segregation of the non-white population in the country of South Africa. An system or practice that separates people according to race, caste, etc.

Balkanization -to divide (a country, territory, or other geographic area) into small, quarrelsome, and ineffectual states.

KEY TERMS FROM THIS CHAPTER Nationalism - the loyalty and devotion towards a particular

country or nation Nationality - the identity with a group of people who share

legal attachment and personal allegiance to a particular country

Centrifugal force - the apparent force that seems to draw away from unity of a group

Ethnic cleansing - the systematic elimination of an ethnic group, or groups from a region or society through deportation, forced emigration, or genocide

Ethnicity - group identification based on shared ethnic traits, background, allegiance, or association

Enclave – a country surrounded by a foreign country; a group living within a larger group

Acculturation -the modification of one's culture with a prolonged interaction involving another culture

KEY TERMS Genetics -the science of heredity, dealing with resemblances

and differences of related organisms resulting from the interaction of their genes and the environment.

Ethnicity -identity with a group of people that share distinct physical and mental traits as a product of common heredity and cultural traditions.

Genocide -the deliberate and systematic extermination of a national, racial, political, or cultural group.

Triangular slave trade - an efficient triangular trading pattern Exclave - portion of a country geographically separated from

the main part by surrounding alien territory multi-ethnic state – a state that contains more one ethnicity. multinational state – a state that contains two or more ethnic

groups