Ethics in Relation to Other Sciences

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Relation to

Other

Sciences

Presented by:

JOVELYN E. TABON

MEM



• Is disease a good thing or a badthing?

• Is hunting right or wrong?

• In what situation is euthanasiaright?

Wednesday, January 4, 2012 2ETHICS IN RELATION TO OTHERSCIENCES Presentedby: Jovelyn E. Tabon, MEM



Science versus Ethics

• People who obey social disciplinesand general principles arerespectable, yet their behaviors anddeeds may not be characterized asethical.

• Should we consider habitual deedsmoral?

• If science and ethics cannot unite, itis better to say that ethics begins

where science ends.Wednesday, January 4, 2012 3ETHICS IN RELATION TO OTHERSCIENCES Presentedby: Jovelyn E. Tabon, MEM



Science and Ethics: Nature andDifferences

• Ethical problems are constituted at least in part bydisagreement in attitude, while scientific problemsare constituted only by disagreement in belief.

• The function of ethical inquiry is at least in part tocoordinate or settle attitudes, while the function of

scientific inquiry is to coordinate or settle onlybeliefs.

• Ethical language, then, must have features,namely, emotive meaning, that make it apt forcoordinating attitudes, while scientific language

need only have features, namely, descriptivemeaning that make it apt for coordinating beliefs.

• The linguistic methods for resolving ethical disputesmust be grounded at least in part by the relations

among beliefs and attitudes, while those forresolving scientific disputes need be guided only byWednesday, January 4, 2012 4ETHICS IN RELATION TO OTHERSCIENCES Presentedby: Jovelyn E. Tabon, MEM



BIOTECHNOLOGY

• Genes play an

important part inshaping who weare; but in no waydo they determine

who we are, or howwe behave.

• Cloning turnshuman beings intomeans, not ends.

• Cloning isunnatural.

ETHICS

• In creating exact

copies of people,we underminehuman dignity andpersonal identity.

• The individualshould never bethought of merelyas a means, butalways also as anend.

• The birth of ourprogeny is a gift

bestowed by God orWednesday, January 4, 2012 ETHICS IN RELATION TO OTHERSCIENCES Presentedby: Jovelyn E. Tabon, MEM

5



BUSINESS

•

Capitalism prevails.

• Usually deceivepeople withincomplete facts,

opinions andtestimonies.

ETHICS

•

Business ethics wasborn in 1960s.• Truth is based on

people’s attitudes.

Wednesday, January 4, 2012 ETHICS IN RELATION TO OTHERSCIENCES Presentedby: Jovelyn E. Tabon, MEM

6



POLITICAL SCIENCE

• Politics was merelya branch of ethics -Plato

• Politics is divided

into two: the moralaction of theindividual and theState – Aristotle

•

Hypocrisy, badfaith, deception,falsehood, duplicity,violence, evenmurder are

legitimate means

ETHICS

• The end of theState was virtue -Plato

• Politics as the main

ethical science –Aristotle

•

There is noconnection betweenethics and politics -Machiavelli


7



LAW

•

Constitution• Truth is based on

evidence.

• Physical and mental

punishment• It changes over

time.• It varies from place

to place.• Political and

economic interestsoften determinewhich laws getpassed and what is

ETHICS

•

Bible, Quran, etc.• Truth is based on

people’s attitudes.• Emotional and

social punishment• It transcends time.• Usually similar in

any place.

•

It does not followthe whims of politics.


8



LOGIC

•

Studies the processof correct andorganized thinking

• Focused foremoston demands of materials,nonhuman world, orworld of “things” inone’s environment

• Task-oriented• Shows their

feelings for theirpartners by doing

things for them

ETHICS

•

Study of correctaction or doing

• Focused foremoston demands of subjective humanworld, or world of people andrelationships

• People-oriented• Shows people’s

feelings for their

partners directlythrough emotionsWednesday, January 4, 2012 ETHICS IN RELATION TO OTHERSCIENCES Presented

by: Jovelyn E. Tabon, MEM9



PSYCHOLOGY

• Studies how manbehaves

• Not interested in

the morality of human behavior

• Scientific study of mental andbehavioralcharacteristics,associated with aparticular kind of behavior

ETHICS

• Studies how manought to behave

• Concerned withman’s moral

obligation or theresult of hisbehavior

• Study of humanbehavior from theperspective of morality


10



SOCIOLOGY

• Deals with thestudy of socialorder

• Deals with human

relations in asociety

ETHICS

• Deals with thestudy of moralorder in the society

• Deals with how

human relationswork in a society


11



According to Kant,

...Ethics calls for patience andconfidence. The moral characteristicsmodeled by the pioneers of knowledge

(wisdom, bravery, self-control, and justice) were ethics, not theiroutcome… Ethics in its true sense

precedes science, technique, andpeople’s relations.


12



According to Albert Einstein,

…The most beautiful and deepestexperience a man can have is thesense of the mysterious. It is the

underlying principle of religion as wellas all serious endeavors in art andscience. He who never had thisexperience seems to me, if not dead,then at least blind… In this sense, I amreligious…


13



According to Marquis De

Sade and Denis Diderot,…whenever wisdom and science areseparated from ethics and ethical

ends, they act against themselves andturn to violence and savagery.


14



The very existence of an ethical

world depends on the human capacityfor conscious design. What allowshumans to live in a moral world is our

ability to distinguish between right andwrong, and to act upon that distinctionto transform both ourselves and ourworld for the better.


15



Think ethically andscientifically

You are in a boat. Four peoplefall overboard: a female baby, an

older woman, an older man, and ababy boy. You cannot save themall. Who do you save and why?


16



ETHICS INRELATION

TO OTHERSCIENCES

Wednesday, January 4, 2

Presented by: Jovelyn E.

Tabon, MEM

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Ethics in Relation to Other Sciences