Business Ethics -Student Notes

2. Legislative ActsIntroduction to Business Ethics Segment

1. Business Ethics• Are defined as:

– professional standards of , based on moral principles and values, guiding decision-making processes and actions

• Are defined by:– the employer in a “Code of Ethics” or in an manual

2. Ethical vs. Legal Choices• Ethical choices are made based on principles and

values• Legal choices are made according to law• Choices can be legal, yet still be • For example:

– Is telling a lie illegal? Is it unethical?– Is using company e-mail for personal use illegal? Is it unethical?

3. Examples of Unethical Business Practices• Discrimination• Workplace • Confidentiality breaches• Unfair treatment of staff• Personal use of company property• maintenance of records

4. Reasons for Unethical Business Practices• Low morale or lack of care for company• Desire to succeed or career• Extreme pressure to meet schedules and deadlines• Unrealistic earning expectations set by upper management• Inadequate training, background or of company policy• Desire to steal from or harm company

5. Effects of Unethical Business Practices• On businesses:

– decrease in profits and drop in stock value– increase in legal proceedings

• On employees:– decrease in and faith in company– decrease in employee morale and job satisfaction– decrease in benefits based on stock

• On consumers:

Business Ethics -Student Notes

2. Legislative Acts– decrease in confidence in company– increase in prices

6. Confidentiality• Occurs when information relating to a company, product or person is not available or

disclosed to individuals• Examples of confidential information found in the workplace include:

– research and production of new products or services– records– customer/client records

7. Workplace Politics• Are “games” played in a workplace environment

– attempt to achieve , advancement and money– majority are unethical

• Are found in every organization• Are impossible for people within the organization to avoid• For example:

– stealing ideas from and presenting them as your own for a raise or promotion

8. Workplace Politics• Should be dealt with by remembering and by your

moral principles and values• Are often addressed in a company’s “Code of Ethics” or employee manual and should

never company policies to remain ethical

The Ethical Decision-Making Process Segment

Ethical Decision-Making Process1. the problem2. List all possible alternatives and the consequences of each3. Select the best choice4. on your decision5. Evaluate your decision

2. Step 1: Define the Problem• Devise an accurate problem definition

– exclude irrelevant and information• Be as as possible

3. Step 2: List All Alternatives & Consequences• List the alternatives and consequences of each decision• Include at least alternatives

Business Ethics -Student Notes

2. Legislative Acts• Ask yourself the following questions about each alternative:

– Is it legal?– Does it fit company values?– Does it fit my personal values?– Who will be affected?– How will it look if it makes the ?

4. Step 3: Select the Best Choice• Review alternatives and consequences• Select the most appropriate alternative based on the following:

– benefits the most people– the company– maintains moral and values

5. Step 4: Act On Your Decision• Be in your choice• Take !

6. Step 5: Evaluate Your Decision• Reflect on your decision and the it has on the

following:– the company– yourself– others involved

• Repeat the process if it is not the decision

Ethics: Then & Now Segment1. Technology Advances in the Workplace• Include the following:

– e-mail– networks– cellular phones– robots

2. Technology Advances in the Workplace• Raise ethical issues, such as:

– privacy and confidentiality – using company property for personal use

– ownership about electronic information

3. Business Ethics Timeline: 1960s

Business Ethics -Student Notes

2. Legislative Acts

Business Ethics -Student Notes

2. Legislative Acts5. Business Ethics Timeline: 1980s

7. Business Ethics Timeline: 2000s

Business Ethics -Student Notes

2. Legislative Acts

Legislative Acts Affecting Business Ethics Segment1. Legislative Acts• Protect employees from unethical business practices

– The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938– The Pay Act of 1963– Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964– The Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967– The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, Title I and V

• The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938– requires one and a half times the regular rate of pay for more than 40 hours worked

for employees– establishes the minimum wage rate– restricts working hours for youth less than 16 years of age– lists occupations too dangerous for young workers– prohibits pay discrimination on the basis of sex

3. Legislative Acts• The Equal Pay Act of 1963

– prohibits wage discrimination paying men and women who share similar responsibilities within the same

different wages based on their sex

4. Legislative Acts• Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

– prohibits employment discrimination based on color, religion, sex and origin– includes sexual harassment as a form of sex discrimination

sexual harassment is conduct of a sexual nature occurring in the workplace

5. Legislative Acts• The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967

– prohibits employment toward persons 40 years of age or older

– applies to with 15 or more employees

6. Legislative Acts• The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, Titles I and V

– employment discrimination toward qualified individuals with disabilities

– applies to companies with or more employees

• The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993– provides 12 weeks of unpaid,

leave per year, while maintaining group health benefits– applies to companies who employ 50 or more employees for 20

weeks out of the current or year

8. Legislative Acts• The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993

– is applicable to employees in the following situations: during birth and care of a child after placement of an adopted or foster care child when caring for an immediate family member (spouse, child,

sibling or parent) with a serious condition

when unable to work because of a serious medical conditionManagement & Leadership Segment1. Three Management Styles• Delegating• • Telling

2. Delegating• Management characteristics include:

– to trust employees’ work ability– to have a high – to be confident

• Works best when employees:– are willing to do the job– know how to do the job

• Employees need:– low level of – low level of guidance

3. Participating• Management characteristics include:

– to involve the group– to teamwork

• Works best when employees:– have the ability to do the job– receive a high amount of support

• Employees need:

– high level of support– low level of

4. Telling• Management characteristics include:

– to be a micromanager– to be a teacher– to be a

• Works best when employees:– are not to do the job– are not able to do the job

• Employees need:– high level of support– high level of guidance

5. Three Leadership Styles• Autocratic• • Laissez faire

6. Autocratic• Leadership characteristics include:

– to be driven by authority– to tells others what to do– to limit and new ideas– to limit the group teamwork

• Should be used when:– time is limited– group skills and are lacking– group is not acquainted with each other

• Should not be used when:– group has a strong sense of teamwork– spontaneity is desired– members have skill and knowledge

7. Democratic• Leadership characteristics include:

– to involve the group– to promote a sense of – to ask before telling

• Should be used when:

– time is available– team is – group has some degree of skills or knowledge

• Should not be used when:– group is unmotivated– group has no skill or knowledge– group has conflicts among themselves

8. Laissez Faire• Leadership characteristics include:

– to give little or no direction– to give opinions only upon request– to have no “in charge” position

• Should be used when:– group has a high degree of skill and motivation– group has a strong sense of teamwork– group has a familiar

• Should not be used when:– group has no sense of team– group has a low degree of and knowledge– group needs to be told what to do

9. Traits of a Good Leader– hard working– decisive– logical– solves problems– listens– speaks – motivated– understanding– respectful– assertive– – trustworthy– self-confident

Internal vs. External Communication Segment1. Internal Communication• Occurs within an organization• Flows horizontally or vertically

– horizontally between employees on the level, coworkers also known as lateral communication

– vertically between and superiors downward communication travels from supervisor to

subordinate upward communication travels from subordinate to

supervisor

2. The Grapevine• Is the most widely used internal communication system• Is an informal system where:

– communication flows – information is often or needs clarification

3. External Communication• Occurs between an organization and people of the organization• Flows through a public relations person or a manager• Examples:

– press releases– interviews– and promotion

4. The Communication Process

5. The Communication Process• Consists of these five steps:

1. The sender a message2. The sender selects a channel and sends the message3. The receiver decodes the message4. The receiver provides feedback5. The sender and receiver remove or any barriers blocking effective

communication

6. Sender Encodes• Encoding

– is when a sender selects and organizes message to be sent• When organizing message

– select words to clearly message– ensure nonverbal signals match verbal message

• Goal– to make sure the message received is as as possible to the message

• Sender selects channel with the least barriers

7. Sender Selects Channels• With the least barriers:

– nonverbal communication two-way

examples include: facial , eye contact, body language, hand gestures

– spoken communication two-way

examples include: informal conversations, interviews, telephone conversations

one-way examples include: , oral

reports, intercom announcements, voice mail– written communication

one-way examples include: letters, memos, reports, press

releases, e-mail, facsimiles

8. Receiver Decodes• Decoding

– is when the receiver breaks down the message received and interprets it

• When interpreting the message, the :– considers both verbal and nonverbal messages– prevents – considers whether or not the two messages match

9. Receiver Provides Feedback• Feedback

– is the to the sender’s message the receiver provides– can be verbal and/or

10. Sender & Receiver Clarify• If the message received does not match the message sent

– the sender must modify or the message for understanding

– the receiver must give appropriate • The process should continue until the message is clear to sender and

receiver

11. Barriers to Effective Communication• Physical and mental distractions

– interruptions– noises– with other matters– developing a response rather than listening– poor timing

• Differences between and listener– age– education– culture– experiences

12. Barriers to Effective Communication• Speaker traits

– unclear message– lack of sympathy for listener– nonverbal characteristics– suspect motive

• Listener traits– poor listening skills– not open to new and different ideas– lack of for speaker– negative feelings about the speaker

– low interest level

The Business Plan Segment1. A Business Plan• Must be developed by anyone interested in starting a business• Is a road map of where the business will be going• Is a written proposal describing a business

to potential investors and lenders• Should:

– convince investors and the business will be profitable

– identify necessary legal procedures for start-up– establish month-to-month steps to profitably operate the business

2. A Business Plan• Includes five sections:

1. Executive Summary2. Business Description and Analysis3. Organization and Plan4. Financial Plan5. Documents

3. Executive Summary• Highlights proposed business• Describes:

– products and/or services to be offered– type of ownership– the skills and experiences being brought to business– the uniqueness and of the business in all areas– market and competition analysis

• Highlights financial data• Should be no longer than two pages• Should the audience to read the rest of the plan

4. Business Description & Analysis• Includes details such as:

– business type– business philosophy– product

– self-analysis– trading area – market segment analysis– analysis of potential location

5. Business Philosophy• Includes:

– mission statement: the purpose of the organization– vision statement: where an organization is headed in the future

and should the long-term picture of what the organization will become

– personal philosophy of management: how management will organize, and communicate with employees

6. Self-Analysis• Describes details concerning the business’s:

– education and training: the level of the owner, managers and employees have and how it will enable success

– strengths and : elements which should be taken advantage of and elements which must be avoided or properly managed

– personal development plan: the plans for the growth of the business

7. Trading Area Analysis• Discusses where the business will operate, including details such as:

– geographic, economic and data: area population broken down by characteristics including location, income, age, race, gender, etc.

– possible competitors: number and size, strengths and weaknesses, and to deal with and overcome them

8. Market Segment Analysis• Defines the business’s target market

– the group of customers which the business identifies as most likely to find in its products and therefore is most important to focus marketing efforts on

• Identifies the target market’s needs, wants and buying

, and how the business addresses these

9. Organization & Marketing Plan• Includes details concerning:

– proposed organization– proposed product– proposed plan

10. Proposed Organization• Outlines:

– the type of business ownership: number of owners, percentage owned by each and how each is involved

– the management profile: identifies managers, their education, prior employment and characteristics, their obligations to the business, and the business’s obligations to them

– personnel needs and organizational structure: number of employees, of each department, and the lines of communication within and among departments

11. Proposed Product• Discusses the business’s products and services including:

– suppliers: where raw materials needed for production will come from

– plans: how and where the product will be made and for what cost

– inventory : how the business will handle and store products which are ready to be sold

12. Proposed Marketing Plan• Describes strategies for the activities which will communicate value

to customers– branding, , promotions,

advertising, public relations, etc.• Identifies plans for pricing policies

– base price ranges, discounts, sales, etc.• Describes the sales strategies which will be used

– sales force, sales volume, etc.

13. Financial Plan• Include these details:

– sources of capital sources external sources

– projected income and expenses personal financial statement start-up costs business income business income statement(s) balance sheet cash-flow statement

14. Supporting Documents• Concerning business communication include:

– letterhead and business cards for correspondence with employees and customers

– list of potential communication with employees and customers

– employee rules and regulations designed to prevent and help resolve conflicts

– list of potential developed with other organizations within the community

– explanation of the benefits of community involvement

15. Supporting Documents• Regarding marketing include:

– sample fliers– advertisements– company

• Of legal and miscellaneous nature include:– certificates– , tax requirements– codes– sample policy and procedures manual–

Ethics in Business - Introduction to Business Ethics

1. Which of the following terms describes a set of standards of conduct which guide decisions and actions based on duties derived from core values?

A. Benchmarks

B. RitualsC. BehaviorsD. Ethics

2. Which of the following was not mentioned by Bryan Mudd as a way in which news stories can affect people’s lives?

A. The accuracy of the news storiesB. The motivation behind the news storiesC. The attractiveness of the news storiesD. The tone of the news stories

3. Which of the following two businesses did Judge Parker mention to explain the positive or destructive role of ethics in business?

A. Target vs. Wal-MartB. Chick-fil-A vs. EnronC. Wendy’s vs. McDonald’sD. Bank of America vs. Citi Bank

4. Which of the following terms is defined as action guided by a set of principles of morality?

A. Legal behaviorB. Mannerly behaviorC. Lawful behaviorD. Ethical behavior

5. Which of the following terms is defined as conduct in accordance with what a person determines is right versus wrong?

A. Legal behaviorB. Moral behaviorC. Lawful behaviorD. Mannerly behavior

Ethics in Business - Unethical Behavior in Business

1. Which of the following is NOT a cause of unethical behavior?A. Lack of ethical knowledgeB. Work-related pressureC. Employee’s ambitions to advance within the companyD. Miscommunication among a diverse workforce

2. Which of the following terms is defined as an organization’s financial statement containing untrue data which is used to mislead?

A. False financial statementB. Bankruptcy dischargeC. Bank statement feeD. Identity theft

3. Which of the following terms is defined as an entrusted person who converts other’s assets or property for his or her own use?

A. Identity theftB. EmbezzlementC. Advance fee schemeD. Bond fraud

4. Which of the following situations did Bryan Mudd NOT mention as an example of unethical behavior in a newsroom?

A. Using other people’s news storiesB. Claiming false sourcesC. Changing facts of a story to make it more sensationalD. Spending a long time to prepare a news story

5. According to Judge Parker, which of the following is an ethical behavior of lawyers?

A. Remaining calm and patient in a stressful caseB. Seeking delay by filing requests of documentsC. Changing facts in order to win a caseD. Charging clients for services not conducted

Ethics in Business - Ethical Dilemma in Business

1. What are the two examples John Elliott used to explain ethical dilemmas in the banking business?

A. Conflicts of interest and suppressing financial informationB. False financial statements and hiding factsC. Embezzlement and fraudD. Stealing and lack of ethical knowledge

2. Which of the following did Robert Lin use as an example of an ethical dilemma in the restaurant business?

A. Hospitality vs. speedB. Cost vs. profitC. Health vs. tasteD. Portion vs. price

3. Which of the following did Bryan Mudd use as an example of an ethical dilemma in the news industry?

A. Murder casesB. Robbery casesC. Juvenile casesD. Stealing cases

4. Which of the following is defined as a set of written standards issued by an organization to assist its employees in conducting their actions in conformity with the organization’s ethical values?

A. Employee handbookB. Code of ethicsC. Annual evaluationD. Ethics audits

5. Which of the following should a person NOT do when facing an ethical dilemma?A. Consult the company’s code of ethicsB. Discuss the dilemmas with supervisorsC. Ask suggestions from an experienced coworkerD. Make a choice based on the company’s profits

Ethics in Business - Business & Social ResponsibilityDirections:Answer the following questions.

1. Which of the following terms is defined as “duties and obligations of businesses which contribute to the well-being of society”?

A. Business moral responsibilityB. Business lawful behaviorC. Business social responsibilityD. Business code of ethics

2. Which of the following is NOT an example of a business’s efforts of contributing to society?

A. Providing help to the weak and the poorB. Promoting sustainabilityC. Supporting the fields of education and technologyD. Making a profit is the only concern of a business

3. Which of the following analogies did John Elliot use to describe the role of a business in a community?

A. A member in a family

B. An employee in a companyC. A citizen in a countryD. A member in a church

4. Which of the following did John Elliot NOT mention as one of the actions to promote sustainability?

A. Scan dataB. Cut down unnecessary electronic useC. Recycle paperD. Cut down use of plastic materials

5. Which of the following did Bryan Mudd use as an analogy to describe news reporters?

A. Public servantB. Public watchdogC. Public stringerD. Public instructor

Ethics in Business - Making Ethical DecisionsDirections:Answer the following questions.

1. Which of the following did Judge Parker NOT mention as one of the principles of ethics?

A. Have the courage to do what is rightB. Always tell the truthC. Treat others the way you would like to be treatedD. Remain open-minded

2. Which of the following questions should NOT be asked during the step of identifying an ethical problem?

A. What is the problem?B. What causes the problem?C. What can we learn from this process?D. Who is involved?

3. Which of the following terms is defined as “all the parties which interact with the business”?

A. ShareholderB. StakeholderC. CustomerD. Employee

4. Which of the following should a person NOT do when listing possible solutions for an

ethical problem?A. Consult with supervisorsB. Only list obvious solutionsC. Discuss the situation with colleaguesD. Consider all alternatives

5. What is the last step of the ethical decision-making process?A. Study the laws and regulationsB. Review the code of ethicsC. Learn from the resultD. List possible solutions

Ethics in Business- Final Assessment

1. Which of the following terms is defined as “conduct based on or authorized by law which is established by society to maintain order and protect people and property from harm?”

A. Moral behaviorB. Legal behaviorC. Ethical behaviorD. Mannerly behavior

2. A lawyer believes his client is guilty, but remains professional and represents his client. This is an example of which of the following?

A. Moral behaviorB. Unlawful behaviorC. Ethical behaviorD. Mannerly behavior

3. Anna owns a neighborhood bakery. She consults her accountant to make sure she pays proper taxes, uses good quality ingredients for her products, and provides her employees a safe working environment. Which of the following CANNOT be used to describe Anna’s actions?

A. Moral behaviorB. Legal behaviorC. Ethical behaviorD. Mannerly behavior

4. According to the American Management Association (AMA) and Human Resource Institute (HRI), what is the number one cause of unethical business conduct?

A. Pressure of meeting a deadlineB. Concern of losing a job

C. Lack of ethical educationD. Personal interests

5. Sometimes people in business will encounter a complex situation in which they have difficulty choosing between a moral and an immoral act. Which of the following terms can be used to describe such a situation?

A. Unethical conductB. Unlawful conductC. Legal behaviorD. Ethical dilemma

Ethics in Business- Final Assessment6. Which of the following best describes a business which takes effort to protect the

environment and promotes using renewable resources?A. Creative businessB. Reliable businessC. Sustainable businessD. Practical business

7. Steve lives in a neighborhood close to a waste water company. The company’s water solution will directly affect the water quality in Steve’s home. What is Steve’s relationship to the waste water company?

A. ShareholderB. StakeholderC. CustomerD. Employee

8. Which of the following is the first step of the ethical decision-making process?A. Study the laws and regulationsB. Review the code of ethicsC. Identify the ethical problemD. List possible solutions

9. Which of the following is appropriate when evaluating the identified alternatives to an ethical decision?

A. Focus on cost and profit issuesB. Exclude personal perspectivesC. Dismiss the opinions of affiliated partiesD. Decide on a favorable solution in advance

10. Which of the following should a person NOT do during an ethical decision- making process?

A. Review the company’s code of ethicsB. Study laws and regulations of an industryC. Consider stakeholders’ interestsD. Make a choice based on company’s profits

Ethics in BusinessDirections: Fill in the blank

Introduction to Business Ethics

1. play a significant role in the workplace, because they enhance the image of a business, inspire leaders and employees to do the right thing, encourage organizations to take and make differences, and help lead businesses tosuccess.

2. Stephen Potts, former Chairman of the Ethics Resource Center in the United States, defines ethics as “a set of of conduct that guide decisions and actions based on derived from core values.”

3. There is a difference between , ethical and behaviors.

4. Our law is a system of rules establishes to order and protect people and properties from harm.

5. Murder, theft and stealing are behaviors that are also .

Unethical Behaviors in Business

6. can devastate any business or organization.

7. can not only hurt other people and organizations, but it can also in turn become very costly for the business itself.

Ethics in Business8. According to a 2006 study by American Management Association (AMA) and

Human Resource Institute (HRI), the pressure of meeting business objectives andis the leading cause for people to neglect quality, cover up mistakes and be generally - .

9. Another major cause of unethical practices is . Simply not recognizing the unethical behaviors or not realizing the seriousness of

the can influence people to make the wrong decisions.

10. An employee's ambitions to within the company, or desire to simply keep his or her current position are also key factors which cause people to their ethical standards.

Ethical Dilemma in Business11. Unfortunately, although people in business often intend to work ethically, a

exists, making it difficult for them to differentiate between what is ethical or unethical.

12. An describes a situation in which people have difficulty choosing between a moral or an immoral act.

13. A code of ethics is a set of written standards issued by an to assist its employees in conducting their actions in conformity with the organization’s .

14. Taking a question to is not only a good way to get valuable advice, but it also can keep the out of trouble.

Ethics in Business15. A who has experienced a similar situation

may provide appropriate suggestions to help solve the .

Business & Social Responsibility

16. Each individual in society has to fulfill personal obligations and while enjoying societal such as security and

17. While making a is certainly necessary for all businesses, it should not be the only .

18. Social responsibility of business refers to duties and of business which contribute to the of society.

19. A business concerns the current environmental situation, takes advantage ofresources and takes steps to create a green environment for future generations.

20. Last but not least, a business is a business which does its job, provides quality products and service, and is honest and reliable to all .

Making Ethical Decisions

21. When making a decision, it is important to consider ethical and and keep them in mind throughout the entire decision-making process.

22. The most important step in any decision making process is to the .

23. Knowing and can not only prevent a business from validating legal rules, but can also help its people recognize the basic ethical guidelines in their own industry.

24.Business decisions can have effects on the employees, the , the suppliers, the local residents, or even the .

25. Do not make a choice based on power, profit or . Once a decision has been made, it is important to put the plan into .

Aspects of a Business Plan-Management & Leadership

1.Which of the following is NOT a management style?A. DelegatingB. ParticipatingC. TellingD. Reinforcing

2. Which of the following is NOT a leadership style?A. AutocraticB. DemocraticC. Laissez faireD. Needs-based

3. Which management style is characterized by the manager trusting the employees work ability and is best used with employees know how to do their job ?

A. DelegatingB. ParticipatingC. TellingD. Reinforcing

4. Which leadership style is characterized by limited discussion of new ideas and is best used in groups who are not well acquainted with each other ?

A. AutocraticB. DemocraticC. Laissez faireD. Needs-based

5. All of the following are traits of a good leaders EXCEPT which of the following ?A. MotivatedB. Hard-workingC. SelfishD. Good listener

Aspects of a Business Plan-Internal vs. External Communication

1.Communication within an organization occurring between employees is referred to as which of the following?

A. Horizontal internal communicationB. Vertical internal communicationC. Horizontal external communicationD. Vertical external communication

2. Which of the following is NOT and example of external communication ?A. Press releaseB. Company memoC. Television interviewD. Publicity

3. Which of the following is defined as the process of the receiver breaking down the message received and interpreting the message?

A. DecodingB. EncodingC. TransitioningD. Reinforcing

4. Which of the following is the response to the sender’s message?A. EncodeB. FeedbackC. TransitionD. Reinforcement

5. Which of the following is a physical barrier to communication?A. EducationB. NoiseC. Unclear messageD. Low interest of the audience

Aspects of a Business Plan-The Business Plan

1.Which of the following is the roadmap of where the business is going?A. Business planB. Business agendaC. Executive planD. Executive agenda

2. Which of the following should serve as a detailed outline of the company and convince the audience to read the rest of the business plan?

A. Executive summaryB. Business descriptionC. Marketing planD. Financial plan

3. Which of the following describes the business type, the products offered and the philosophy of the business?

A. Executive agendaB. Business descriptionC. Marketing planD. Financial plan

4. Which of the following describes strategies for branding, packaging, advertising and promoting the business and its products?

A. Executive agendaB. Business descriptionC. Marketing planD. Financial plan

5. Which of the following includes a list of the sources of capital and the projected income and expenses of the business ?

A. Executive agendaB. Business descriptionC. Marketing plan

D. Financial plan

Aspects of a Business Plan-Final Assessment

1. Which of the following is NOT a management characteristic associated with delegating management?

A. To trust employees’ work abilityB. To be confidentC. To be a micromanagerD. To have a high workload

2. Telling management works best when employees are not willing and/or able to do the job.

A. TrueB. False

3. Which type of leadership style should be used when the group has a strong sense of teamwork and a familiar routine?

A. VisionaryB. DemocraticC. AutocraticD. Laissez Faire

4. Who should external communication flow through?A. All employeesB. A public relations person or managerC. A variety of media membersD. Loyal or long-time customers

5. The first step of the communication process is the receiver decoding the message.A. TrueB. False

6. A speech is an example of which type of communication?A. Two-way nonverbalB. Two-way spokenC. One-way spokenD. One-way written

Aspects of a Business Plan-Final Assessment

7. Which of the following is NOT one of the five sections of a business plan?

A. Financial planB. Supporting documentsC. Organization and marketing planD. Executive description

8. The business philosophy describes the business’s education, training, strengths, weaknesses and personal development.

A. TrueB. False

9. Which part of the business plan identifies plans for pricing policies?A. Proposed marketing planB. Self-analysisC. Trading area analysisD. Product description

10. Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of supporting documents as stated in the presentation?

A. Marketing documentsB. Business communication documentsC. Financial documentsD. Legal documents

Business Ethics - Introduction to Business EthicsDirections:Answer the following questions.

1. Which of the following types of choices are made based on moral principles and values?

A. Ethical choicesB. Proper choicesC. Legal choicesD. Illegal choices

2. Jason is using a company printer to print fliers for his garage sale. Which of the following describes Jason’s behavior?

A. Illegal behaviorB. Ethical behaviorC. Unethical behaviorD. Appropriate behavior

3. Unfair treatment of staff is an example of which of the following?

A. Ethical business practiceB. Unethical business practiceC. Moral business practiceD. Appropriate business practice

4. Which of the following is NOT a reason for participating in unethical business practices?

A. Low morale or lack of care for companyB. Desire to succeed or advance careerC. Extreme pressure to meet deadlinesD. Adequate training, background or explanation of company policy

5. Which of the following is NOT an example of confidential information in the workplace?A. A company’s employee handbookB. Research information of new products or servicesC. A company’s employee recordsD. A company’s client records

Business Ethics - The Ethical Decision-Making Process

1. Which of the following steps in the ethical decision-making process involves devising an accurate problem definition?A. Selecting the best choiceB. Listing all alternatives and the consequencesC. Defining the problemD. Evaluating your decision

2. Which of the following questions should NOT be taken into consideration when listing all the alternatives and consequences to solve an ethical problem?A. Is it legal?B. Does it fit my personal values?C. Who will be affected?D. Does it benefit me personally?

3. How many alternative solutions should be listed when making an ethical decision?A. TwoB. ThreeC. FourD. Five

4. Which of the following steps in the ethical decision-making process involves reviewing alternatives and consequences?A. Selecting the best choiceB. Listing all alternatives and the consequencesC. Defining the problemD. Evaluating your decision

5. Which of the following is INCORRECT when making an ethical decision?A. It is important to be confident in your choice.B. The choice should be made based on moral principles and values.C. Irrelevant and unimportant information should also be included when

defining a problem.D. The process should be repeated if it is not the best decision.

Business Ethics - Ethics: Then & Now

1. Which of the following ethical issues is NOT a result of technology advance in the workplace?A. Office politicsB. Privacy and confidentiality breachesC. Using company property for personal useD. Ownership dispute about electronic information

2. Which of the following describes the business ethical climate in the 1960s?A. Healthcare emphasizedB. Public pushed for corporate accountabilityC. Anti-war sentimentD. Major industries riddled by scandal

3. Which of the following is a business ethical issue in the 1970s?A. Employee militancyB. Increased tension between employers and employeesC. Environmental issuesD. Unsafe working conditions in third-world countries

4. When did openly selling personal data become popular?A. In the 1970sB. In the 1980sC. In the 1990sD. In the 2000s

5. When was the Ethics Resource Center (ERC) established?A. In the 1970sB. In the 1980sC. In the 1990sD. in the 2000s

Business Ethics - Legislative Acts Affecting Business Ethics

1. Which of the following laws requires one and a half times the regular rate of pay for more than 40 hours worked for qualified employees?A. The Equal Pay Act of 1963B. The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938C. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990D. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

2. The Equal Pay Act of 1963 prohibits which of the following types of discrimination?A. Age-based wage discriminationB. Sex-based wage discriminationC. Discrimination against people with disabilitiesD. Race discrimination

3. Which of the following laws includes sexual harassment as a form of sex discrimination?A. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990B. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964C. The Equal Pay Act of 1963D. The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938

4. The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 allows how many weeks of unpaid, job-protected leave per

year?A. 9 weeksB. 10 weeksC. 12 weeksD. 15 weeks

5. To which of the following situations does the Family and Medical Leave Act NOT apply?A. Birth and care of a newborn childB. Unable to work because of a serious medical conditionC. Care for an immediate family member with a serious medical condition

D. Unable to work because of family vacation

Business Ethics - Final Assessment

1. Which of the following defines business ethics?A. An approach toward decision making in which a person evaluates moral

principlesB. Professional standards of conduct, based on moral principles and values,

guiding decision-making and actionsC. Choices made based on moral principles and valuesD. A set of guidelines which govern behavior

2. Ethical choices are made based on moral principles and values while legal choices are made according to the law.A. True B. False

3. Which of the following is NOT an example of unethical behavior occurring in the workplace?A. Workplace harassment B. DiscriminationC. Employment contingent upon passing a drug screening D. Personal use of company property

4. Which of the following defines workplace politics? A. Choices made according to lawB. Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional

investmentC. Games played in a workplace environment to achieve status,

advancement and moneyD. Professional standards of conduct, based on moral principles and values,

guiding decision-making and actions

5. Which of the following is NOT an ethical issue raised due to technological advances in the workplace?A. Privacy and confidentiality breaches B. Use of company property for personal useC. Ownership disputes about electronic information D. Encourages deceptive advertising

6. Selecting the best choice is final step of the ethical decision-making process. A. TrueB. False

7. Which of the following is a business ethics development from the 1960s? A. Established codes of conduct and value

statements B. Federal Corrupt Practices Act was passedC. ERC forms first business ethics office at General

Dynamics D. ERC established international business ethics

centers

8. Which of the following is NOT a government regulation created to protect employees from unethical business practices?A. The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938B. The Equal Pay Act of 1963C. Amendment XIV to the U.S. Constitution in 1868 D. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

9. Amendment XIV to the U.S. Constitution in 1868 resulted in the prohibition of pay discrimination on the basis of sex.A. True B. False

10. Which of the following is NOT an example of a situation in which an employee can apply the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993?

A. During birth and care of a newborn childB. After placement of an adopted or foster care childC. When caring for a great-aunt or great-uncle with

a serious medical conditionD. When unable to work because of a serious

medical condition