Etcnic - Work and Wealth

8/16/2019 Etcnic - Work and Wealth

1/20

& IT

ProfessionPracticesWork & Wealt

College of Information Technolo


2/20

Specifc

• How Information Technology and automation aeworkplace

• changes at workplace and the impact to the soci

• …and the morality.


Photograph:Blutgruppe/Bluhttp://www.thegbusiness /

2015/feb/1/artof-wor"

http://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/http://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/http://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/http://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/http://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/http://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/


3/20

IT and Automation

•

!"tomation or automatic control, isthe use of various control systems foroperating equipment such asmachinery, processes in factories,boilers and heat treating ovens,switching in telephone networks,steering and stabiliation of ships,aircraft and other applications with

minimal or reduced humanintervention. !ome processes havebeen completely automated.

• IT a"tomation is the linking ofdisparate systems and software insuch a way that they become self"acting or self"regulating.


http://searchcio.techtarget.com/de!nition/#$-automat


4/20

Today’s lecture will surround

•

$ discussion on what%s the impact of IT to our wo• IT ' $utomation

• changes how we work• (rganiational structure

• Telework

• )mployee monitoring

• *lobaliation

• +igital +ivide

• The inner"takes"all phenomena


http://searchcio.techtarget.com/de!nition/#$-automat


5/20

Questions or discussion

IT and automation leads towidespreadunemployment-

Pro#i$e an e%amle to$escri'e this notion(

IT and automation leads to ob creation-

Pro#i$e an e%amle to $escri'e this noti



6/20


IT and automationhas caused anincrease in workinghour-

Pro#i$e an e%amleto $escri'e thisnotion(


It's the 21st century – why are we wor

B% &wen 'atherl%http://www.theguardianentisfree/2012/(ul/01/whwor"ing-so-hard)#f there*s one thing practicall% all futurologit*s that in the 21st centur% there would be

would the% hae thought+ if the% had "now5 wor"ing da% had in the become some

to pm $he% would surel% hae loo"ed aro

technolog% ta"e oer in man% professions wneeded hea% manpower+ the% would haeincrease in automation and mass productio

wh% are the% spending 12 hours a da% on m

$he right calls for hard wor"+ the left for momechani3ation leading to shorter wor"ing h

forgotten4

as% 6ube 7oldberg simple machinesource: http://www.msad80.org/9librar%-

williams/achines.html


7/20


Telework describes employees work away frowork /e.g. home o0ce, sales person with no o

I$entify an$ e%lain a$#antages an$ $istele)orking(

Pro#i$e an e%amle to $escri'e this noti



8/20

Questions or discussionIT in workplace has made

2monitoring% possible. 345 ofcompanies monitor employees insome way.

The purpose of monitoring is toidentify inappropriate use ofcompany resources as well asdetect illegal activities among the

employees.

I$entify an$ e%lain thea$#antages an$ the$isa$#antages of )orklacemonitoring(



9/20

Questions or discussion 6ou lead a group of 7ve software engineersinvolved in the testing of a new product.

6our manager tells you that because of acompany"wide layo, you will need to givenotice to one member of your team.

8rom your interactions with the team members,you can easily identify the two members whoare least productive, but you are not sure whichof them you should lay o.

6ou know that the company keeps track of all

Internet tra0c to each person%s computer,although you have never shared thisinformation with your team.

6ou could use this information to determinehow much time, if any9 these two employeesare spending sur7ng the eb.

Is it )rong to access these recor$s- +iscubased on the following ethical principles&

• :antianism

• !ubective ;elativism

• $ct


10/20

Automation and #

*o' $estr"ction

• >ost manufacturing obs

• ?@ million obs lost betweenABCB and ABB?

• Danufacturing workers& @E5

/AB?C1 "F A45 /4GG41 " ost white"collar obs

• !ecretarial and clerical

positions

• $ccountants and bookkeepers

• Diddle managers• uliet !chor& ork week got longer between ABCB and ABBG

*o' creation

• Increase of urchasin• $utomation lowers p

• That increases demaproduct

•

Increased demand "F• Jumber of manufact

worldwide is increasi

• Dartin =arnoy& orkwork less than workeyears ago



11/20

$han!es at the worplace+rganiational Changes

Information technology integration into 7rms

•$utomating back o0ce functions /e.g., payroll1

•Improving communication among business units

;esults in Katter organiational structures

)liminating transactional middlemen

Tele)ork

)mployees work away from traditional place of work

•Home o0ce

•=ommuting to a telecenter

•!alespersons with no o0ce

$bout 4G5 of $mericans do some telework

Temorary Work

•

=ompanies less committed to employees•>ay"os not taboo as they once were

•=ompanies hiring more temporary employees

•!aves money on bene7ts

•Dakes it easier to downsie

•>ong"term employment for one 7rm less common

-onitoring

345 of companies monitor employees in some w

•urpose& Identify inappropriate use of companyresources

•

=an also detect illegal activities(ther uses of monitoring

•*auge productivity /AG5 of 7rms1

•Improve productivity

•Improve security

-"ltinational Teams

!oftware development teams in India since AB3G

$dvantages of multinational teams

•=ompany has people on duty more hours per da

•=ost savings

+isadvantage of multinational teams

oorer infrastructure in less developed countries



12/20

Telewor

!$#antage

• Increases productivity

• ;educes absenteeism

• Improves morale

• Helps recruitment and retentionof top employees

• !aves overhead

• Improves company resilience

• Helps environment

• !aves employees money

.isa$#antage

• Threatens managers

• Dakes face"to"face meeting

• !ensitive information

• Team meetings m

• Teleworker

• Teleworkers Lout

• Isolation of

• Teleworkers work longer ho


Nirtual (rgani

Tele commuDommy Tra


13/20

%mployee monitorin!Pro

• Stoing Inaroriate Beha#iors/ $ccording to aJielson Dedia ;esearch study of employees at maorcorporations such as IOD, $pple and $T'T, workersallegedly logged into online editions of enthouse

Lthousands of timesM per month. hile pornography is anobvious misuse of company time, other outlets such asgaming websites and social media networks like 8acebookor Twitter act as serious productivity risks for un"engagedemployees. This can be seen as a breach of a workcontract, and a waste of company money.

• Protecting Comany Proerty& =ompanies mayconsider monitoring when concerned about the use ofemail for theft of proprietary information. The electronictransfer of employer information can potentially lead of a

loss of trade secrets and an untold amount of money. =magaine cites an incident that occurred at Hewlett"ackard in 4GGP, in which the company hired privateinvestigators to pinpoint the source of information leaks.

They used tactics such as sending fake emails with hiddentracking software and illegally obtaining phone records. $sa result, siQ H board members resigned or were 7red.

• -aintaining Cororate Professionalism/ $ lack ofmonitoring can create a hostile workplace environment, as

emails containing inappropriate okes, racist remarks orother obectionable material could lead to serious legal

Cons

• In#asion of Pri#acy/ Oecause

overtime or irregular hours at theit%s inevitable that company compu

personal matters. $ grey area property of a machine makes ever

inside it proper

• airness/ $n issue of fairnescomes to monitoring, as it%s typical

employees in a corporation that abut rather entry"level or intermed

blog cites an article in the ourDanagement, which found t

employees being electronically monlow"payin

• The Eect on Worklacemonitoring often creates a lev

workers. hen people feel they awatched, their focus may not alwa

hand, but rather on potentially 7may be committing. 8acilitating aresult in employees conforming

result of mutual respect, rathe


http://www.innoatieem plo%eesolutions.com/articles/emplo%e


14/20

&loali(ation• *lobaliation is a process of interaction and integration among the people, compangovernments of dierent nations, a process driven by international trade and invesaided by information technology. This process has eects on the environment, on c

political systems, on economic development and prosperity, and on human physicasocieties around the world.

• *lobaliation is not new, though. 8or thousands of years, peopleSand, later, corpobeen buying from and selling to each other in lands at great distances, such as throfamed !ilk ;oad across =entral $sia that connected =hina and )urope during the D>ikewise, for centuries, people and corporations have invested in enterprises in othIn fact, many of the features of the current wave of globaliation are similar to thosbefore the outbreak of the 8irst orld ar in ABA?.

• Out policy and technological developments of the past few decades have spurred in

cross"border trade, investment, and migration so large that many observers believhas entered a qualitatively new phase in its economic development. !ince ABEG, fothe volume of world trade has increased by 4G times, and from ust ABBC to ABBB Kinvestment nearly doubled, from ?P3 billion to 34C billion. +istinguishing this curglobaliation from earlier ones, author Thomas 8riedman has said that today globalLfarther, faster, cheaper, and deeper.M

• $dvances in information technology, in particular, have dramatically transformed e;ource: http://www.globali3ation101.org/



15/20

&loali(ation )rom the American perspecti*e+!$#antage•

Increases competition• eople in poorer countries deserve obs,

too

• It is a tried"and"true route for a poorcountry to become prosperous

• *lobal obs reduce unrest and increasestability

.isa$#antage


•

8orces workers to competforeigners who do not getwages and bene7ts

• $ccelerates eQodus of maand white"collar obs

• Hurts workers in foreign c

*lobaliation is deeply controversial& Proonents of globaliation argue thatcountries and their citiens to develop economically and raise their standardswhile oonents of globaliation claim that the creation of an unfettered intefree market has bene7ted multinational corporations in the estern world at of local enterprises, local cultures, and common people.

;ource: http://www.globali3ation101.org/wha


16/20

,i!ital ,i*ide+igital divide& some people have access to moder

information technology while others do not


3lo'al $i#i$e• $ccess higher in wealthy

countries• $ccess higher where IT

infrastructure good• $ccess higher where

literacy higher• $ccess higher in )nglish"

speaking countries• $ccess higher where it is

culturally valued

Social $i#i$e• $ccess higher for young pe• $ccess higher for well"educ

people


17/20

The -inner.Tae.All/henomenon

inner"take"all& a few top performers havedisproportionate share of wealth

• =auses• IT and e0cient transportation systems

• Jetwork economies

• +ominance of )nglish language• =hanging business norms


;ource:https://www.memecenter.com/fun/1


18/20

0armul %ects o -inner.Ta All•

+rawing some of most talented people into sociaunproductive work

• =reating wasteful investment, consumption

• =oncentrating a disproportionate share of best sin a few elite institutions

•


19/20

educin! -inner.Tae.All%ects•

)nacting laws limiting number of hours stores caremain open

• $llowing cooperative agreements among busine

• =reating more progressive taQ structures

• Implementing campaign 7nance reform



20/20

>ue sera+ sera+,hateer willbe+ will be.$he future isnot ours to

see.>ue sere+sere?


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Etcnic - Work and Wealth