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7/12/2016 ESSA Law Broadens Definition of School Success - Education Week http://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2016/01/06/essa-law-broadens-definition-of-school-success.html 1/4 LOGIN | REGISTER | SUBSCRIBE Sign Up for FREE ENewsletters Browse archived issues Current Issue Complete Coverage PrinterFriendly Email Article Reprints Comments Tweet Like Inside ESSA Under ESSA, States, Districts to Share More Power ESSA Regulatory Machinery Starting to Crank Up Funding Flexibility Enhanced Under New K12 Law ESSA Loosens Reins on Teacher Evaluations, Qualifications ESSA Law Broadens Definition of School Success Military Career Testing Could Get ESSA Boost ESSA Spotlights Strategy to Reach Diverse Learners View the Full Report Published Online: January 5, 2016 Published in Print: January 6, 2016, as New Law Widens Lens To Gauge School Success ESSA Law Broadens Definition of School Success By Evie Blad A portion of the Every Student Succeeds Act that requires states to incorporate nonacademic factors into their accountability systems could help promote a broader vision of school success that extends beyond traditional measures, such as standardized test scores, educators and policy watchers say. The newest version of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, signed into law last month, requires states to use at least one such indicator—like measures of student engagement or access to advanced coursework—in tracking schools' success. If states select the right indicators and the right methods of measuring and tracking them, the changes could provide schools with a more nuanced view of student success and equity, supporters said. "Since we know that what gets measured gets delivered, … if we broaden accountability systems beyond test scores and schools are required to look at these other things, then the public and parents will start looking at them, and there's a better chance that schools will start providing these kinds of things," said Megan Wolfe, advocacy manager for ASCD, an organization that has pushed for socalled "multimetric accountability." But as states put a largely untested policy idea into practice on such a large scale, implementation is everything. If states select indicators that can't be accurately measured or influenced by schools, or if they fail to provide schools with the resources they need to carry out new mandates, the indicator requirement could lead to unintended consequences or pushback from educators, K12 groups and researchers have warned. And educator groups said there's a potential land rush building behind the scenes among advocacy groups that are eager to help reshape educational accountability in their image. 'Meaningful Differentiation' Specifically, the new law requires states to use at least one "indicator of school quality or student success" that "allows for meaningful differentiation in school performance" and "is valid, reliable, comparable, and statewide," alongside academic data in their accountability systems. Schools must also be able to disaggregate data related to that indicator to show how it affects students in different subpopulations: those from all racial and ethnic groups, students with disabilities, children from lowincome families, and Englishlanguage learners. The law lists a few examples of possible indicators that states may consider—student engagement, educator engagement, student access to and completion of advanced Get more stories and free enewsletters! Email Password Select your primary connection to education Send me Edweek Update enewsletter (Daily) REGISTER NOW By clicking "Register" you are agreeing to the Terms of Service and Privacy Policy. EDUCATION WEEK EVENTS Making ProjectBased Learning Work WEBINAR JULY 20, 2:00 P.M. EASTERN REGISTER NOW. Sponsored by: littleBits Monitoring and Improving School Climate With Student Surveys WEBINAR JULY 21, 2:00 P.M. EASTERN REGISTER NOW. Diplomas Count: Finding Great Local Partnerships to Build School Community WEBINAR JULY 28, 2:00 P.M. EASTERN REGISTER NOW. Informing the Next Generation of K12 Educators: How Edweek.org Is the Goto Content Source for Your Campus WEBINAR AUG. 23, 2:00 P.M. EASTERN REGISTER NOW. From Education Week to Educator: Making EdWeek.org the GoTo Content Source for Your Campus WEBINAR AUG. 31, 2:00 P.M. EASTERN REGISTER NOW. MOST POPULAR STORIES Viewed Emailed Recommended Commented 1. New Rhode Island Law Mandates Da... 2. EdTech Coaches Becoming Steadier... 3. Why Creative Writing Still Has a Pl... July 12, 2016 TOPICS BLOGS REPORTS & DATA EVENTS DISCUSSIONS OPINION MULTIMEDIA/VIDEO EDUCATION WEEK TEACHER DIGITAL DIRECTIONS MARKET BRIEF TOPSCHOOLJOBS SHOP ADVERTISE

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Page 1: ESSA Law Broadens Definition of School Success - Education ... · 7/12/2016 ESSA Law Broadens Definition of School Success - Education Week ... Kirsten Taylor Carr, the program director

7/12/2016 ESSA Law Broadens Definition of School Success - Education Week

http://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2016/01/06/essa-law-broadens-definition-of-school-success.html 1/4

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Inside ESSA

Under ESSA, States, Districts to

Share More Power

ESSA Regulatory Machinery Starting

to Crank Up

Funding Flexibility Enhanced Under

New K­12 Law

ESSA Loosens Reins on Teacher

Evaluations, Qualifications

ESSA Law Broadens Definition of

School Success

Military Career Testing Could Get

ESSA Boost

ESSA Spotlights Strategy to Reach

Diverse Learners

View the Full Report

Published Online: January 5, 2016

Published in Print: January 6, 2016, as New Law Widens Lens To Gauge School Success

ESSA Law Broadens Definition of School SuccessBy Evie Blad

A portion of the Every Student Succeeds Act that requires states

to incorporate nonacademic factors into their accountability

systems could help promote a broader vision of school success

that extends beyond traditional measures, such as standardized­

test scores, educators and policy watchers say.

The newest version of the Elementary and Secondary Education

Act, signed into law last month, requires states to use at least one

such indicator—like measures of student engagement or access to

advanced coursework—in tracking schools' success.

If states select the right indicators and the right methods of

measuring and tracking them, the changes could provide schools with a more nuanced

view of student success and equity, supporters said.

"Since we know that what gets measured gets delivered, … if we broaden accountability

systems beyond test scores and schools are required to look at these other things, then

the public and parents will start looking at them, and there's a better chance that schools

will start providing these kinds of things," said Megan Wolfe, advocacy manager for ASCD,

an organization that has pushed for so­called "multimetric accountability."

But as states put a largely untested policy idea into

practice on such a large scale, implementation is

everything. If states select indicators that can't be

accurately measured or influenced by schools, or if

they fail to provide schools with the resources they

need to carry out new mandates, the indicator

requirement could lead to unintended consequences

or pushback from educators, K­12 groups and

researchers have warned.

And educator groups said there's a potential land

rush building behind the scenes among advocacy

groups that are eager to help reshape educational

accountability in their image.

'Meaningful Differentiation'

Specifically, the new law requires states to use at least one "indicator of school quality or

student success" that "allows for meaningful differentiation in school performance" and "is

valid, reliable, comparable, and statewide," alongside academic data in their

accountability systems. Schools must also be able to disaggregate data related to that

indicator to show how it affects students in different subpopulations: those from all racial

and ethnic groups, students with disabilities, children from low­income families, and

English­language learners.

The law lists a few examples of possible indicators that states may consider—student

engagement, educator engagement, student access to and completion of advanced

       

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coursework, postsecondary readiness, and school climate and safety—but it also leaves

the door open to other indicators of each state's choice.

Some states and districts already track those sorts of nonacademic factors on "data

dashboards" used to improve school quality, but they are rarely tied to accountability

systems that could potentially penalize schools that don't perform well.

That's in part because many of those factors are difficult to measure in a reliable and

objective manner.

For example, teachers and administrators may disagree on what factors schools should

consider when gauging postsecondary readiness. It may be difficult to disaggregate some

factors, like school safety and teacher engagement, by student subpopulation. And

surveys that measure such factors as student engagement could be "faked" if teachers

coach students on their responses, researchers warn, adding that attaching such

measures to high­stakes accountability only increases the likelihood of manipulation.

"The basic principle is that the minute an indicator has a stake applied to it, it becomes a

problematic indicator," said David Osher, a vice president of the American Institutes for

Research, who studies social­emotional learning and school climate issues.

Quality of Measurement

Concerns about quality of measurement are particularly relevant if states consider

incorporating factors like students' noncognitive traits and social­emotional skills

into their school quality scales. Researchers like Angela Duckworth, a University of

Pennsylvania psychology professor who popularized the idea of "grit," have warned that

existing measures of such factors are prone to flaws and biases and that they should not

be used for high­stakes accountability.

Osher said he's more confident in measures of factors like school climate because, when

asking students whether they feel safe, supported, and challenged at school, their

perception is reality. In social­emotional learning, on the other hand, student surveys may

be less reliable because students may have inaccurate perceptions about their own skills,

he said.

Osher helped districts including Chicago, then under the direction of former U.S.

Education Secretary Arne Duncan, and Cleveland develop "conditions for learning"

surveys that track those conditions in schools, though the districts haven't used them for

accountability.

Whatever measures states use, they should be mindful that it takes time for schools to

change learning environments and to devise strategies to nurture students' relational and

personal skills, Osher said. Accountability systems that are too punitive will encourage a

condition of "churn," in which schools quickly abandon strategies and programs before

they have the chance to take root, he said.

"I think the important thing is: How do we help people do this well in a way that produces

the types of experiences for students in classrooms and in schools that enhances their

learning and development?" Osher said.

Even those who are enthusiastic about the new law acknowledge that some possible

"other indicators" are easier to measure accurately than others.

Members of AASA, the School Superintendents Association, are interested in many of the

factors tracked by California's CORE districts, a group of districts that developed a

multimetric accountability system that includes discipline data, social­emotional

surveys, and school climate measures, said Noelle Ellerson, the AASA's associate

executive director.

But not all indicators are created equal, and the success of states' new accountability

systems will depend on what they choose, Ellerson said in a forum at the Thomas B.

Fordham Institute last month.

Avoiding Unintended Consequences

State school chiefs are in the initial phases of reviewing the nonacademic data they

already collect and monitoring how the U.S. Department of Education drafts regulations

under the new law as they determine how to broaden their accountability systems, said

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Kirsten Taylor Carr, the program director for accountability at the Council of Chief State

School Officers. Then they will likely explore a number of indicators, deciding which can

provide a better view of how different student groups are faring in their schools, she said.

"The underlying goal is ensuring equity," Carr said. "No matter what the measure is, we'll

always be thinking about does this help us achieve that goal of equity."

ASCD has stopped short of saying which nonacademic indicators it recommends. It has

convened an advisory group of assessment and accountability experts, state

decisionmakers, local practitioners, and national organizations to make recommendations,

David Griffith, the senior director of government relations, said.

Frustrations with the way the No Child Left Behind law, the previous version of the

Elementary and Secondary Education Act, measured school success are "very instructive

here," Griffith said.

"We are even more so, very on guard as to creating unintended consequences," he said.

"And there's good data being collected, but when you start to attach consequences to it,

that can change the reporting of it."

For example, schools could skew data on attendance by tracking it at days and times

when more students are typically in school, or they could make it look as if they've

lowered discipline rates by replacing formal suspensions with more informal classroom

removals that wouldn't be tracked.

Still others have worried that attaching stakes to high suspension rates will cause some

schools to ignore poor behavior they would otherwise discipline, creating a distraction­

filled learning environment for other students.

But that cautious tone hasn't dampened the

enthusiasm of "whole child" advocates

who've been pushing for more expansive

data collection and tracking for years.

Hours after the Every Student Succeeds Act

was signed into law, the Dignity in Schools

Campaign, a coalition of civil rights and

student groups, issued a press release urging

states to select school climate and safety as their "other indicator" under the law.

Coverage of learning mindsets and skills is supported in part by a grant from the RaikesFoundation. Education Week retains sole editorial control over the content of thiscoverage.

Vol. 35, Issue 15, Page 15

RELATED STORIES

“What Do Students Need to Succeed? Guide Helps Educators Navigate the Research,” (Rules forEngagement) June 23, 2015.

“'Nation's Report Card' to Gather Data on Grit, Mindset,” June 3, 2015.“More Than Half of Students 'Engaged' in School, Says Poll,” April 9, 2014.“New Reports Grade Schools on Reading, Writing, and Recess,” September 10, 2014.

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1 comment Sort by: Oldest to Newest

Score: [email protected]

12:08 PM on January 12, 2016

Nothing is more powerful than collec�ng the thoughts of

students‐‐especially in middle level and high schools. Plus,

school districts can create their own surveys with the

assistance of local qualita�ve researchers‐‐for free! Let's not

make these opinions that schools collect be another costly

 Report Abuse

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measure that local taxpayers provide to another tes�ng

company. As a researcher, I always follow the simple dictate of

collec�ng data: "Keep it simple, stupid."