EQ: How do scientists classify fungi?

FUNGI

FUNGI

Come in a variety of shapes and colors

Range in size from one-celled organisms to masses as wide as 1 ft or more.

Cells have nuclei Their cell walls are

made of the same substance as the hard shell of insects

Fungi absorb nutrients from their environment.

They decompose, or break down, the tissue of other organisms

Cannot move Fungi grow fast and

reproduce through spores Spores can travel by wind and

water.

EQ: HOW DO SCIENTISTS CLASSIFY PLANTS?

PLANTS

Plants are multicellular organisms that have tissues and organs.

Their cells have cell walls The cells have chloroplast, the cell

part that uses the Sun’s energy to make food.

VASCULAR AND NONVASCULAR

One of the ways scientists divide plants into groups is by the way the plant gets water. The two groups are

vascular and nonvascular

TUBES OR NO TUBES

Vascular Non Vascular

moss

liverwort

fern

Non-flowering

Flowering plant

VASCULAR PLANTS

VASCULAR PLANTS

Vascular plants have tissues that act like tubes to transport water through the plant

Tubes transport water and nutrients taken up from soil through the plants roots

VASCULAR PLANTS

These plants DO NOT have to live near water

The vascular system provides support and allows plants to grow very tall.

Scientists also classify plants by how they reproduce

SEEDS OR SPORES

Reproduce

How new living things of the same kind are made

Seed A plant part that contains a tiny new plant, embryo Protects the new plant Contains food for the plant

Spore Plant cell that can grow into a new plant Form on the leaves When they drop to the ground, a new plant can

grow

GYMNOSPERMS

Vascular plants that produce seeds but do not produce flowers and fruits

Seeds are in hard berries or on woody structures called cones.

There are four main groups of gymnosperms

1) Conifers (usually pine trees) Evergreen-never loses its

leaves

2) Cycads

3) Ginkos•Only one species remains,

maidenhair tree

4) Gnetophytes

ANGIOSPERMS

Vascular plants that produce flowers Flowers make seeds as well as fruit to protect

seeds

ANGIOSPERMS

CLASSIFYING FROM SEEDS

If you look inside a seed, you may see what looks like tiny leaves.

• These are called cotyledons• Angiosperms

are classified on how many cotyledons their seeds contain

CLASSIFYING FROM SEEDS

Angiosperms are classified on how many cotyledons their seeds contain

Angiosperms that produce seeds with one cotyledon are called monocots. Corn and palm trees are examples of

monocots

•Angiosperms that produce two cotyledons in a seed are called dicots. •Peas and squash plants are examples of

dicots

MO

NO

CO

TS

A

ND

D

ICO

TS

FERNS A common type of vascular plant

Have roots and leaves that contain vascular tissue

HOWEVER, ferns do not make seeds They use spores A spore is like a seed, but holds only half the

beginnings of a new plant inside They fall off, then germinate, and produce a different

plant

WHAT IS THE KEY DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FERNS AND MOST

VASCULAR PLANTS?

Ferns reproduce by spores instead of seeds.

NONVASCULAR PLANTS

Nonvascular plants absorb water like a sponge.

These plants DO NOT have specialized tube-like tissues.

Water passes directly from cell to cell

Nonvascular plants must be close to a water source.

They do not grow very tall because they do not the tube-like water transport system

CLASSIFYING PLANTS INTO SMALLER GROUPS

Scientists compare plants’ roots, stems, and leaves. Leaves have many shapes and sizes Vein patterns are different

Flowering plants have different flowers and seeds. They have different colors, sizes, shapes

and number of petals. Seeds also have different shapes, sizes and

colors