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E-mail:[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Web: http://www.internazionaleleliobasso.it

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7


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8


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9


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mkHtpd; jPHg;G.mkHtpd; jPHg;G.mkHtpd; jPHg;G.mkHtpd; jPHg;G.mkHtpd; jPHg;G.

010 [dthpapy; lg;spdpy; eilngw;w rpwpyq;fh njhlh;ghd 1tJ mkh;tpy;> rpwpyq;fh

murhy; Nghh; Fw;wq;fSk; kdpj ,dj;Jf;F vjpuhd Fw;wq;fSk; Ghpag;gl;bUg;gJk; ,e;j

jPh;g;G toq;fg;gl;l fhyk; tiu mit njhlh;e;J nfhz;bUg;gJk; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;ld.1

1tJ jPh;g;ghak; jd; mwpf;ifapNy> ,dg;gLnfhiy gw;wpa Fw;wr;rhl;L ,e;j jPh;g;ghaj;jplk;

Kd;itf;fg;gl;l Nfhhpf;ifAs; mlf;fg;glhtpl;lhYk;> rhl;rpakspj;j mikg;Gfspy; rpyTk; jdpegh;fSk;

rpwpyq;fhtpd; jkpo; kf;fSf;F vjpuhd ,dg;gLnfhiyfs; epfo;e;jd my;yJ epfo;jpUf;fyhk;

vd;gJ mq;fPfhpf;fg; glNtz;Lk; vd typAWj;jpdhh;fs;. Nghh;f;Fw;wq;fs; kw;Wk; kdpj ,dj;Jf;F

vjpuhd Fw;wr;rhl;LfSs; ,dg;gLnfhiy Fw;wr;rhl;il Nrh;f;fyhk; vd eph;zapg;gjw;F NghJkhd

rhl;rpaq;fs; jPh;g;ghaj;jpd; Kd; itf;fg;gltpy;iy vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.2

vdNt lg;spd; jPh;g;ghakhdJ ,J njhlh;ghd jd; Kbit gpd;tUkhW njhptpj;Js;sJ: “Kd;itf;fg;gl;l

cz;ikfspy; rpytw;iw mit ,dg;gLnfhiy nraw;ghLfshf ,Ug;gJ rhj;jpakhdjh vd

epu;zapf;Fk; tpjj;jpy; KOikahf Muhag;glNtz;Lk;. ,t;thwhd nraw;ghLfspy; gpd;tUtd

mlq;Ffpd;wd.

jkpo; r%fj;jpd; Kf;fpa cWg;gpdh;fs; (Clftpayhsh;fs; kUj;Jth;fs;> murpay;thjpfs;) kPJ>

nyk;fpd; nrhy;ypapUg;gJ Nghy; me;j FOtpDila tho;it njhlh;tjw;fhd Mjhuq;fis

(,r;re;jh;g;gj;jpy; jkpo;FO ) mopg;gjw;nfd murpd; ,zf;fg;ghl;Lld; rpwpyq;fh MAjg;gilapduhYk;

Jizg;gilapduhYk; epfo;j;jg;gl;l jkpo; jdpegh;fspd; type;j fhzhky; Nghjy;fis fhl;Lk;

rhj;jpak; nfhz;l Nfhyq;fs; kw;Wk; cs;sf ,lg;ngah;Tf;Fs;shNdhh; Kfhk;fspy; cs;s jkpo;

kf;fspd; epiyikfs; njhlh;e;Jk; epyTjy;> #l;Lr; rk;gtq;fs;> jpl;lkpl;l ghypay; ty;YwTfs;

2

1. rpwpyq;fh njhlh;ghd kf;fs; jPh;g;ghak; jpUj;Jtf; fy;Yhhp lg;spd; mah;yhe;J 14—16 [dthp 2010 Nuhk;: epue;ju

kf;fs; jPh;g;ghak; (2010)

2. NkNy cs;s E}y;> gf;: 18—19

10


kw;Wk; type;j fhzhky; Nghjy;fs>; ehl;by; jkpo; kf;fs; nrwpthf thOk; gFjpfspd;

cl;fl;likg;Gfspd; gutyhd mopg;G> jkpo; kf;fspd; njhlh;r;rpahd tho;Tf;F Njitahd czT>

kUe;Jfs; kw;Wk; Vida mbg;gilj; Njitfs; ,y;yhik.”

lg;spd; jPh;g;ghak; gpd;tUkhW mjdJ Kbitj; njhptpj;jJ:

“NkNy gl;bayplg;gl;bUf;Fk; cz;ikfs; epfo;fhyj;Jf;Fhpait jhnddpDk; ,tw;iwf;

Fw;wr;rhl;Lfshf cs;slf;fg; NghJkhd rhd;Wfs; vkf;F fpilf;ftpy;iy. vdpDk; ,dg;gLnfhiy

epfo;e;jjw;fhd rhj;jpak; gw;wpa tprhuizfs; njhlug;gl Ntz;bajd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij jPh;g;ghak;

Vw;Wf;nfhs;fpwJ.”3

%d;W tUlq;fshf rhd;Wfs; Nrfhpg;gijnjhlh;e;j gpd;Dk; rpwpyq;fhtpy; cs;s <oj; jkpo;

Fbkf;fspDila ghuJ}ukhd epiyikfs; njhlh;e;Jk; epyTtjhYk; rpwpyq;fhtpyhd mikjpf;fhd

mah;yhe;J kd;wk; kw;Wk; Internationaler menschenrechtsverein - Bremen Mfpait rpwpyq;fhtpy;

epfo;e;j ,dg;gLnfhiyfs; njhlh;ghd Fw;wr;rhl;Lfs;> mtw;iw mq;Nf epfo;;j;Jtjpy; NtW ehl;L

muRfs; tfpj;jpUf;ff;$ba gq;F Kjypait gw;wp Muhantd rpwpyq;fh njhlh;ghd PPT,d;

,uz;lhtJ mkh;Tf;F Ntz;LNfhs; tpLj;jd.

3. NkNy cs;s E}y;> gf;. 19.

11


3. Kiwg;ghLfs;Kiwg;ghLfs;Kiwg;ghLfs;Kiwg;ghLfs;Kiwg;ghLfs;

wpyq ;fhtpyhd mikjpf ;fhd mah ;yhe ;J kd ;wk ; kw ;Wk ; Internationaler

menschenrechtsverein, Bremen Mfpait> jPh;g;ghak; fUj;jpy; vLg;gjw;nfd gpd;tUk;

Fw;wr;rhl;Lfisr; rkh;gpj;jd.4

“1 rpwpyq;fh jPtpy>; tlf;F kw;Wk; fpof;Fg; gFjpfspy; thOk; jkpo; kf;fs;kPJ xU ,dg;gLnfhiy

epfo;j;jg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j ,dg;gLnfhiy fl;lk; fl;lkhf epfo;e;jpUg;gJld;> njhlh;e;J nfhz;LkpUf;fpwJ.

“2. rpwpyq;fh muRk; mjDila MAjg;gilfSk; jkpo; kf;fs; kPjhd ,dg;gLnfhiy Fw;wj;ijrpwpyq;fh muRk; mjDila MAjg;gilfSk; jkpo; kf;fs; kPjhd ,dg;gLnfhiy Fw;wj;ijrpwpyq;fh muRk; mjDila MAjg;gilfSk; jkpo; kf;fs; kPjhd ,dg;gLnfhiy Fw;wj;ijrpwpyq;fh muRk; mjDila MAjg;gilfSk; jkpo; kf;fs; kPjhd ,dg;gLnfhiy Fw;wj;ijrpwpyq;fh muRk; mjDila MAjg;gilfSk; jkpo; kf;fs; kPjhd ,dg;gLnfhiy Fw;wj;ij

epfo;jpa Fw;wthspfshFk;.epfo;jpa Fw;wthspfshFk;.epfo;jpa Fw;wthspfshFk;.epfo;jpa Fw;wthspfshFk;.epfo;jpa Fw;wthspfshFk;.

rpwpyq;fh murpdhy; epfo;j;jg;gLk; gd;Kfg;gLj;jg;gl;l type;j jhf;Fjy;fs;> kf;fis mth;fsJ

kz;zpypUe;J fise;njwptjid Nehf;fkhf nfhz;bUg;gjhdJ> tlf;F fpof;fpy; thOk; jkpo;

kf;fspd; Njrpa tho;tpd; mj;jpthuq;fis mopf;Fk; cj;Njrj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jtjhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

rpwpyq;fh murpDila ,e;j ,dg;gLnfhiy hPjpahd cj;NjrkhdJ> jPtpYs;s jkpoh; jhafg;gFjpfs;

kPJ rpq;fs Ml;rpia Vw;gLj;Jk; cs;Nehf;fj;ij mbg;gilahf nfhz;Ls;sJ.

“3. jkpo; kf;fs; kPjhd ,dg;gLnfhiy epfo;j;jpa Fw;wj;jpy; gq;F nfhz;l tifapy; gphpj;jhdpajkpo; kf;fs; kPjhd ,dg;gLnfhiy epfo;j;jpa Fw;wj;jpy; gq;F nfhz;l tifapy; gphpj;jhdpajkpo; kf;fs; kPjhd ,dg;gLnfhiy epfo;j;jpa Fw;wj;jpy; gq;F nfhz;l tifapy; gphpj;jhdpajkpo; kf;fs; kPjhd ,dg;gLnfhiy epfo;j;jpa Fw;wj;jpy; gq;F nfhz;l tifapy; gphpj;jhdpajkpo; kf;fs; kPjhd ,dg;gLnfhiy epfo;j;jpa Fw;wj;jpy; gq;F nfhz;l tifapy; gphpj;jhdpa

muRk; Fw;wthspjhd;muRk; Fw;wthspjhd;muRk; Fw;wthspjhd;muRk; Fw;wthspjhd;muRk; Fw;wthspjhd;

FbNaw;w thj Ml;rpf;fhyj;jpd; NghJ> fly; topfspd; kPJk; ,e;jpahtpyhd jkJ Ml;rpapd; kPJk;

fl;Lg;ghl;il NgZtjw;fhd Nfe;jpu Kf;fpaj;Jt epiyakhf> ,yq;ifia> gphpj;jhdpa muR

fUjpaJ. jpUNfhzkiyapy; cs;s gilj;Jiw hPjpahf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j Mo;fly;

JiwKfkhdJ> (cyfj;jpNyNa rpwe;j JiwKfk; vd Nyhh;l; ney;rdhy; miof;fg;gl;lJ.) jkpoh;fs;

rprprprprp

4. lg;gpspd; jPh;g;ghak; ,dg;gLnfhiy gw;wpAk; mjpy; rh;tNjrk; tfpj;j gq;F gw;wpAk; njhlh;e;J Muha;fpwJ

rpwpyq;fh njhlh;ghd jPh;g;ghak;-mkh;T 2 gpnwk;kd;> rpwpyq;fhtpyhd mikjpf;fhd mah;yhe;J kd;wk; kw;Wk;

Internationaler menschenrechtsverein.Bremen xf;Nuhgh; 2013 (,g;gFjp Fw;wr;rhl;Lg; gj;jpuj;jpypUe;J Neubahf

Nkw;Nfhs; fhl;lg;gLfpwJ)

12


FbapUf;Fk; jPtpd; fpof;F gFjpapy; mike;Js;sJ. mtw;Wf;fpilNa ,Ue;j Gtpapay;rhh; mz;ikj;

jd;ik fhuzkhf ,e;jpahTk; ,yq;ifAk; neUf;fkhdJk; tYthdJkhd fyhr;rhu kw;Wk; murpay;

gpizg;Gfis nfhz;bUe;jd. ,e;jpahTf;Fk; ,yq;iff;FkpilNaahd tuyhw;W gpizg;ghdJ>

jw;nghOJ ,j; jPtpy; thOk; jkpo; kf;fSf;Fk; njd; ,e;jpa jkpo; Fbkf;fSf;Fk; cs;s

cwTfs; %yk; vLj;Jf; fhl;lg;gLtjhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. gphpj;jhdpaiug; nghWj;jtiu> ,e;jj; jPit

%Nyhgha Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j nrhj;jhf khw;Wk; mth;fsJ Fwpapyf;Ff;F mr;RWj;jy; tpLg;gitahf

,e;jf; fhuzpfs; ,Ue;jd.

,e;jr; #o;epiy miktpy;> ,j;jPtpy; ,Uf;Fk; kf;fis> ,e;jpa kf;fsplkpUe;J gphpf;Fk; tpjj;jpyhd>

jdpj;Jtkhd milahsj;ij nfhz;l> xUq;fpizf;fg;gl;l fl;likg;G myF xd;iw cUthf;Ftjd;

%yk>; ,e;j gilj;Jiw epiyahdJ> jPthf ,Ug;gjd; fhuzkhf nfhz;bUf;Fk; Gtpapay; hPjpahd

jdpikg; gLj;jiy> ,d;Dk; mjpfhpf;f Ntz;bajd; mtrpaj;ij gphpj;jhdpah; Kd;Dzh;e;jdh.;

,e;j Kf;fpakhd gzpia G+h;j;jp nra;a “njhpe;njLf;fg;gl;l kf;fshf” rpq;fsth;fs; ,Ue;jhh;fs;.

1833k; Mz;bNy type;j ,izg;nghd;wpd; %yk>; kuGtop jkpo; jhaf epyq;fis> rpq;fsg; gFjpfSld;

,izg;gjd; %yk>; xUq;fpizj;j fl;likg;nghd;iw gphpj;jhdpah; Vw;gLj;jpdhh;fs;. ,t;thwhf>

rpq;fs Nkyhjpf;fk; nfhz;l xw;iwahl;rp Kiwf;fhd mbg;gilia cUthf;fpdhh;fs;.

,jd;gpd;dh; tuyhw;W vOj;jhz;ik> njhy;nghUspay; kw;Wk; khdpltpay; Jiwfspy; mth;fs;

Nkw;nfhz;l gzpfspd; %yk; ,e;jpahit “Mf;fpukpg;ghsh;”MfTk; jkpoh;fis “Mf;fpukpg;ghsh;fspd;

topj; Njhd;wy;fs;” MfTk; Nehf;Fk; Gjpa “rpq;fs ngsj;j Mhpa” Njrpa milahsk; xd;iw

gphpj;jhdpah; cUthf;fpdhh;fs.; flYf;fg;ghy; ,e;jpa kf;fis nfhûkhf elj;jpaikNahL xg;gpLk;NghJ>

$h;ikahf Kuz;gLfpw tpjj;jpy;> ngUk;ghd;ik czh;T tpopg;Gld; $ba rpq;fs milahsj;ij

kdq;fspy; gjpf;Fk; tpjj;jpy;> KOj; jPtshtpa Fbrdj;njhif kjpg;gPl;il epfo;jp> mjDld;

,ize;jjhf taJ te;Njhh; midtUf;Fkhd thf;FhpikiaAk; toq;fpdhh;fs.; xU ,dk; vd;w

tifapy;> jkJ $l;L chpikfisg; Ngzf;$ba murpayikg;G hPjpahd fhg;Gfis Nfhhp> jpUk;g

jpUk;g jkpoh;fs; tpLj;j Ntz;LNfhs;fSf;F kj;jpapYk;> gphpj;jhdpah; rpq;fs Nkw;jl;L th;f;fj;jpdhplk;

mjpfhuj;ij ifaspj;J jkpoh;fis “md;dpa mr;RWj;jy;” Mff; fUJk;> Gjpjhf cUthf;fg;gl;l>

rpq;fsth; Nkyhjpf;fk; nfhz;l murpd; iffspy; mth;fis tpl;Lr;nrd;wdh.; xw;iwahl;rp fl;likg;Gk;

rpq;fs ngsj;j Mjpf;f ntwpAk; mj; jPtpd; tlf;F kw;Wk; fpof;fpy; tho;e;j> jkpo; kf;fSf;F

vjpuhd ,dxopg;G nray; Kiwf;fhd> mbg;gilia cUthf;fpa ,uz;L mbg;gil Mf;ff;$Wfshf

mike;jd. jq;fsJ %Nyhgha nfhs;iffis eilKiwg;gLj;Jk;NghJ jq;fSila eltbf;iffs;

,d xopg;ig cUthf;Fk; epfo;jfT gw;wp> ve;jf; ftiyAkpy;yhj mrl;il kdg;ghd;ikAld;

nray;gl;lhh;fs;. ,jd;%yk; ,dxopg;ig epfo;j;Jtjw;fhd nray; Nehf;fj;ij mth;fs; rpq;fsth;fSf;F

cUthf;fp tpl;lhh;fs.;

4. jkpo; kf;fSf;F vjpuhd ,dxopg;gpy; gq;nfLj;j mnkhpf;fh Fw;wthsp4. jkpo; kf;fSf;F vjpuhd ,dxopg;gpy; gq;nfLj;j mnkhpf;fh Fw;wthsp4. jkpo; kf;fSf;F vjpuhd ,dxopg;gpy; gq;nfLj;j mnkhpf;fh Fw;wthsp4. jkpo; kf;fSf;F vjpuhd ,dxopg;gpy; gq;nfLj;j mnkhpf;fh Fw;wthsp4. jkpo; kf;fSf;F vjpuhd ,dxopg;gpy; gq;nfLj;j mnkhpf;fh Fw;wthsp

2k; cyfg; NghUf;Fg;gpd>; ,g; gpuhe;jpaj;jpd; Nkyhjpf;fkhd rf;jp vd;w tifapy;> gphpj;jhdpahit

mnkhpf;fh khw;wPL nra;jpUe;jJ. gphpj;jhdpahtpd; gq;fhspahf nraw;gl;l mnkhpf;fh> ,j;jPtpd;

xw;iwahl;rpf; fl;likg;Gf;F> Mjutspj;J NgZk; <Lghl;il> mnkhpf;fh Nkk;gLj;jp NgzpaJ. 70

fspYk; 80fspYk; ,d xopg;G nray;Kiwf;F> jkpo;<ok; mikg;gjw;fhd Raeph;za chpikia

Nfhhp jkpoh;fs; jq;fs; murpay; hPjpahd vjph;g;ig ntspg;gLj;jpr; rthy;tpl;lNghJ> mnkhpf;fhtpd;

<LghLk; Mokhdjhf MfpaJ. jPtpd; xw;iwahl;rp Kiw fl;likg;gpw;F> jkpoh;fspd; vjph;g;gpaf;fk;

ghjfkhdjhf MfpanghOJ> mj;jPtpy; epfo;e;j ,dxopg;G nray;Kiwapy;> mnkhpf;fh> fl;Lg;gLj;Jk;

tpjj;jpyhd gq;if vLj;jJ. gilj;Jiw kw;Wk; murpay; MjuTfis toq;Ftjd; %yk; mjid

13


nra;jJ. jhd; mspf;Fk; MjuTfs>; ,dxopg;G nray; Kiwia njhluNt gad;gLj;jg;gLk; vd;W

ed;F njhpe;Jnfhz;Nl> mjidr; nra;jJ. 2002 ngg;uthpapy;> rh;tNjr MjuTld; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l

rkhjhd nray; Kiwfspd; NghJ> mnkhpf;fhthdJ> ,q;fpyhe;jpd; cjtpAld;> rpq;fs muRf;Fk;

cz;ikahdij xj;j jkpo; eph;thfj;Jf;Fk; ,ilNaahd> tYr;rkepiyia Fog;Gtjw;F> jpl;lkpl;l

hPjpapyhd> njhlh; efh;Tfis vLj;jJ. ,dxopg;G nray;Kiwfshy; ghjpf;fg;gl;NlhUf;F xU

,iltuT epk;kjpia nfhLj;j> Ngr;R thh;j;ij nra;Kiwia ehrkhf;Ftjpy; ntw;wpAk; ngw;wJ.

mnkhpf;f> If;fpa ,uhr;rpa efh;Tfs; Nghh; Muk;gpg;gjw;fhd #o;epiyia cUthf;fp> jkpo; vjph;g;Gfs;

ngsjPf hPjpahf xopj;Jf;fl;lg;gLk; tiu> ,d xopg;G hPjpahd ngWNgWfSld; njhlh;tijAk;

cWjp nra;jd. rpwpyq;fh muR kw;Wk; mjd; Kjy; epiy Mjutspg;gth;fspdJk; nraw;ghLfis

jLj;J epWj;Jk; ,aYikia> ,Jtiu fhl;bte;j> murpay; ngsjPf rf;jp mopf;fg;gl;L tpl;lJld>;

,e;j ,dxopg;G nray;KiwahdJ> kPs Muk;gpf;fg;gl;bUg;gNjhL> Kd;ndg;NghJk; ,y;yhj

tpirNtfj;Jld; njhlh;e;J nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. ,jd; %yk;> gpujhd Fw;wthspapd; Fw;wg;gopapy;

,Ue;J> mnkhpf;fh ,uty; ngw;Wf;nfhz;lNjhL> jkpo; kf;fSila Njrpa mj;jpthuj;ij mopf;Fk;

cj;Njrj;jpYk; gq;F nfhz;lJ> jq;fSila cyfshtpa gilj;Jiw ty;yik tphpthf;fj;jpd;

xU mq;fkhf> %Nyhgha hPjpahd nrhj;J vd;w tifapy;> mj;jPtpd; fl;Lg;ghl;il ngWtNj>

mnkhpf;fhtpd; cs;Nehf;fkhf ,Ue;jJ.

5. jkpo; kf;fSf;F vjpuhd ,dxopg;Gf; Fw;wj;jpy; gq;nfLj;j tifapy; ,e;jpa muRk; Fw;wthspjhd;.5. jkpo; kf;fSf;F vjpuhd ,dxopg;Gf; Fw;wj;jpy; gq;nfLj;j tifapy; ,e;jpa muRk; Fw;wthspjhd;.5. jkpo; kf;fSf;F vjpuhd ,dxopg;Gf; Fw;wj;jpy; gq;nfLj;j tifapy; ,e;jpa muRk; Fw;wthspjhd;.5. jkpo; kf;fSf;F vjpuhd ,dxopg;Gf; Fw;wj;jpy; gq;nfLj;j tifapy; ,e;jpa muRk; Fw;wthspjhd;.5. jkpo; kf;fSf;F vjpuhd ,dxopg;Gf; Fw;wj;jpy; gq;nfLj;j tifapy; ,e;jpa muRk; Fw;wthspjhd;.

1980 fspd; Kw;$Wfspy>; %Nyhgha hPjpahd nrhj;J vd;w tifapNy> jkpo; kf;fs;kPJ fl;Lg;ghl;il

ngWk; tpjj;jpy>; j.tp.GypfSf;F vjpuhf ,e;jpah jiyaPL nra;jJ. ,jd; ngWNgwhf 12000 jkpo;

kf;fs; caphpoe;jdh.; 90 fspNy ,e;jpahthdJ> xU fdp\;l gq;fhsh; vd;w tifapNy>

mnkhpf;fhTldhd> %Nyhgha hPjpahd $l;by; ,ize;J nfhz;lNjhL> rpwpyq;fh njhlh;ghd jdJ

%Nyhgha nfhs;if mZF Kiwia mnkhpf;fhtpd; Nghh; tha;ghl;bw;F> mjpfhpj;j mstpy;

fPo;gLj;jpaJ. ,e;j tifapy; jkpo; kf;fSf;F vjpuhd ,d xopg;G nray; Kiwapy; gq;fhsuhfTk;

khwpaJ.

14


h;g;gha nraw;ghLfspy; gq;F nfhs;Sk;gb tpLtpf;fg;gl;l miog;ig myl;rpak; nra;tnjd

Fw;wk; rhl;lg;gl;l ehd;F muRfSk; KbT nra;jjd; fhuzkhf> ,f;Fw;wr;rhl;Lfs;

vOg;gg;gLk;tiu> gfpuq;fkhf Fwpg;gplg;gl;l mNjtpjj;jpy;> ,e;j tplaj;jpy; njhlh;Ggl;l

epiyikfs; njhlh;ghf> me;je;j ehLfspd; Nehf;Ffis rkh;gpf;Fk;gb> xU

,zf;fg;ghl;lhsiu jPh;g;ghak; Nfl;Lf;nfhz;lJ. eLepiy mwpTiuahsuhf nraw;gl;l Fwpj;j

,zf;fg;ghl;lhsUk;> lg;spd; jphpj;Jtf; fy;YhhpapYs;s rh;tNjr rkhjhd fw;iffspd; cjtp

tphpTiuahsUkhd fyhepjp mad; mw;uf;> me;j ehLfSila epiyg;ghLfSila RUf;fq;fis

KiwNa gpd;tUkhW je;jpUf;fpwhh;.

4.1. rpwpyq;fhmurpd; epiyg;ghL4.1. rpwpyq;fhmurpd; epiyg;ghL4.1. rpwpyq;fhmurpd; epiyg;ghL4.1. rpwpyq;fhmurpd; epiyg;ghL4.1. rpwpyq;fhmurpd; epiyg;ghL

1. j.tp. GypfsplkpUe;J tlf;F fpof;if kPl;fNt Nghh; elj;jg;gl;lJ (ghJfhg;G mikr;R ,izaj;jsk;)

2. Vw;gl;l ve;j xU Fbrhh; Mspog;Gk; Nghhpd; cldpfo;thFk;. jpl;lkpl;L nra;ag;gl;ljy;y

(fw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l ghlq;fs; kw;Wk; ey;ypzf;f Mizf;FO (LLRC) mwpf;if

3. j.tp. Gypfs; ntspNaw;wg;gl;l ,lq;fspy; kPsf;Fbakh;j;jy; ,lk;ngWfpwJ (rpwpyq;fh rdhjpgjpapd;

tpNrl J}Jth; I.eh. kdpj chpikfs; fTz;rpy; 2012> 2013> ,d; Kd;dhy; ntspapl;l $w;W)

4. tlf;F fpof;fpy; muR mgptpUj;jp eltbf;iffspy; <Lgl;bUf;fpwJ. mtw;wpypUe;J jkpoh;fs;

ed;ik ngWthh;fs;.

5. ve;j xU tprhuizAk; ehl;bd; cs;NsNa Nkw;nfhs;sg;glyhk;. vdNt rh;tNjr tprhuiz

xd;Wf;fhd Njit ,y;iy.

4. 2. ,e;jpa murpd; epiyg;ghL4. 2. ,e;jpa murpd; epiyg;ghL4. 2. ,e;jpa murpd; epiyg;ghL4. 2. ,e;jpa murpd; epiyg;ghL4. 2. ,e;jpa murpd; epiyg;ghL

(,e;jpa ehlhSkd;wj;jpy; 2013 xf];w; 04k; jpfjpad;W ntsptptfhu mikr;rh; v].;vk;. fpU\;zh

ntspapl;l $w;W)

jPjPjPjPjP

4. vjph; jug;G thjk; vjph; jug;G thjk; vjph; jug;G thjk; vjph; jug;G thjk; vjph; jug;G thjk;

15


1. j.tp. Gypfs; mikg;G ,e;jpa rl;lj;jpd; fPo; jilnra;ag;gl;l mikg;ghFk;.

2. Nghhpd; ,Wjpf;fl;lq;fspy; epfo;e;j td;nray;fs; njhlh;ghd RahjPdkhd tprhuizia

rpwpyq;fh muR Muk;gpf;fNtz;Lk;.

3. tlf;F fpof;F khfhzrig njhlh;ghd murpayikg;Gf;fhd jpUj;jkhd> 13tJ jpUj;jk; KOmstpy;

eilKiwg; gLj;jg;glNtz;Lk;. ve;j jPh;Tk; xd;wpize;j> gphpf;fg;glhj rpwpyq;fhTf;Fs; ,Ug;gjhf

mikaNtz;Lk;.

4.3. If;fpa ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; epiyg;ghL4.3. If;fpa ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; epiyg;ghL4.3. If;fpa ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; epiyg;ghL4.3. If;fpa ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; epiyg;ghL4.3. If;fpa ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; epiyg;ghL

(If;fpa ,uhr;rpa murpDilaTk;> ntsptptfhu kw;Wk; nghJeytha mYtyfk;> 2013 etk;ghpy;

rpwpyq;fhtpy; ,lk;ngw;w nghJeytha muRj; jiyth;fs; kfhehl;by; Nltpl; fk&dhy; Kd;dNu

njhptpf;fg;gl;l $w;WfspypUe;J)

1. j.tp. Gypfs; xU gaq;futhj mikg;G.

2. 2014 khh;r; mstpNy> rpwpyq;fh muR xU RahjPdkhd tprhuizia Muk;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;. me;j

muR mg;gb nra;ahtpl;lhy>; xU RahjPdkhd rh;tNjr tprhuiz elj;jg;glNtz;Lk.; (I.eh. tpd;

mDruizapd; elj;jg;gLtJ tpUk;gj;jf;fJ.)

3. ve;j jPh;Tk; xd;wpize;j> gphpf;fg;glhj rpwpyq;fhTf;Fs; ,Ug;gjhf mikaNtz;Lk;.

4.4 mnkhpf;fhtpDila epiyg;ghL.4.4 mnkhpf;fhtpDila epiyg;ghL.4.4 mnkhpf;fhtpDila epiyg;ghL.4.4 mnkhpf;fhtpDila epiyg;ghL.4.4 mnkhpf;fhtpDila epiyg;ghL.

(,uhrhq;f jpizfsj;jpd; gj;jphpif nra;jp ntspaPL kw;Wk; ,uhrhq;f jpizfsk; 2009k; Mz;by;

kf;fsitf;F toq;fpa mwpf;if)

1. j.tp.G. xU gaq;futhj mikg;G. Nghh; KbTw;wij ehq;fs; tuNtw;fpNwhk;.

2.. 2009 ,y; ,lk;ngw;w Nghhpd; ,Wjpf; fl;lq;fspy; ,lk; ngw;w td;nray;fs; njhlh;ghf>

RahjPdkhd cs;sf tprhuiz elj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk.;

3. LLRC ,d; ghpe;Jiufs; eilKiwg;gLj;jg; glNtz;Lk;.

4. ve;j jPh;Tk; xd;wpize;j gphpf;fg;glhj rpwpyq;fhTf;Fs; ,Ug;gjhf mikaNtz;Lk;.

16


5. jPh;g;Gfs; jPh;g;Gfs; jPh;g;Gfs; jPh;g;Gfs; jPh;g;Gfs;

5.1. ,dxopg;Gf; Fw;wr;rhl;L,dxopg;Gf; Fw;wr;rhl;L,dxopg;Gf; Fw;wr;rhl;L,dxopg;Gf; Fw;wr;rhl;L,dxopg;Gf; Fw;wr;rhl;L

5.1.1 ,d xopg;G vd;gJ> Vd;? ,d xopg;G vd;gJ> Vd;? ,d xopg;G vd;gJ> Vd;? ,d xopg;G vd;gJ> Vd;? ,d xopg;G vd;gJ> Vd;?

e;j jPh;g;ghak; tpsf;fk; nfhLf;fNtz;ba gpujhd Nfs;tpfSs; xd;whf> jkpo; kf;fSf;F

vjpuhf rpwpyq;fh muR Nghh;f; Fw;wq;fisAk; kdpj ,dj;Jf;F vjpuhd Fw;wq;fisAk;

Ghpe;jpUf;fpwJ vd> 2010 [dthpapy; lg;spdpy; ,lk;ngw;w PPT ,d; KjyhtJ mkh;T

fz;lwpe;j gpd;Dk>; ,e;j tptfhuj;jpy; njhlh;Ggl;l mikg;Gfs; (kw;Wk; me;j

nray;KiwfspdhYk; ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fs;)> ,uz;lhtJ mkh;it Vd; Nfl;fpwhh;fs;? vd;gJ ,Uf;fpwJ

ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fs>; jhq;fs; mile;j ghjpg;Gfis ,dg;gLnfhiy vd tifg;gLj;Jtjhy;> mJ

rh;tNjr kw;Wk; Njrpa mikg;Gfs; vLf;Fk; rhj;jpak; nfhz;l eltbf;iffs;kPJ> ve;j jhf;fj;ijAk;

Vw;gLj;jhnjdpDk; mjpy; cs;s Kf;fpaj;Jtk; vd;d?

NtW gy tuyhw;W hPjpahd #o;epiyfspy; vOtij xj;j> ,e;j Nfs;tpiag; Ghpe;Jnfhs;tjw;F>

,dxopg;G hPjpahd r%fnraw;ghLfs;> jdpegh;fis kl;Lk; mopg;gjw;fhd Kaw;rpfs; my;y. ,dxopg;G

vd;gJ xU FOkj;jpDila milahsj;ij mopj;jy;> mjw;F mDgtkhff; $batw;wpypUe;Jk;

tuyhw;wpy; ,Ue;Jk; md;dpag;gLj;Jjy;> mJ jdJ nrhe;j fle;j fhyk>; epfo;fhyk>; kw;Wk;

vjph;fhyq;fspd; kPJ nfhz;bUf;Fk; fl;Lg;ghl;il fistjw;F Kaw;rpnra;jy;> Mfpait mlq;fpajhFk;.

,d xopg;gpDila fl;lq;fs; xU njhlh; thpiria cUthf;Ffpd;wd. mjDila ika ,yf;fhf

xU Fwpg;gpl;l ,df; FOkj;jpdh; thpj;Jf;nfhz;bUf;Fk;> tho;if Kiwia> mopg;gjd;%yk;> ,dxopg;G

epfo;fpd;w r%fj;ij cUkhw;wk;nra;J> me;j tifapy; r%fj;jpd; vQ;rpa gFjpf;Fs; epyTk; r%f

cwTfis> kPsxOq;fikj;J ,Uf;fpwJ. mjw;F gypahdth;fspd; epidTfs; “fhzhky;NghtJ”

Nkw;gb njhliu KbTf;F nfhz;LtUtjw;fhd xU Kaw;rpahFk;

rpwpyq;fhtpDila jkpo;kf;fs;> ml;̂ opaq;fSf;F cs;shf;fg;gl;L njhy;iy nfhLf;fg;gl;L> jdpegh;

vd;W ,y;yhky;> mjw;nfd;W xU milahsj;ij nfhz;bUf;fpw FOkkhf nfhy;yg;gl;lhh;fs;>

vd;gij Vw;Wf;nfhs;tjhdJ> milahsj;ij mopg;gJ vd;w> ,dxopg;G hPjpahd Fwpapyf;Ffis

vjph;nfhs;Sk; ve;j Kaw;rpf;Fk;> mbg;gilahdjhFk; vd;gNjhL> ve;j xU kf;fspdJ Raeph;za

chpikia nry;Ygbahd jhf;Ftjw;fhd xU topahfTk; mJ ,Uf;fpwJ.

,,,,,

17


5.1.2. xU r%f nra; Kiwahf ,d xopg;G. xU r%f nra; Kiwahf ,d xopg;G. xU r%f nra; Kiwahf ,d xopg;G. xU r%f nra; Kiwahf ,d xopg;G. xU r%f nra; Kiwahf ,d xopg;G

xU r%fhPjpahd nra;Kiw vd;w tifapy; ,dxopg;ig> mjid tpl Fiwe;j jPtpuk; nfhz;l

jPBnud;W jhdhf epfo;fpd;w my;yJ Fiwe;j Kd; cj;Njrj;Jld; epfo;fpd;w nfhiyfs; my;yJ

ngUk; njhifapy; nfhy;Yjypy; ,Ue;J NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Lgitahf> mjDila xOq;fikg;G>

gapw;rp> rl;lG+h;tkhf;fy;> fUj;njhUikg;ghL Kjypad ,Uf;fpd;wd. r%f nray;ghLfs; vd;git>

njhlh;e;J epfo;e;J nfhz;bUg;gitahfTk; epue;jukhd eph;khzj;jpd; fPopUg;gitahfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wd.

,dxopg;G vz;zf;fUtpd; Njhw;Wduhd wghNay; nyk;fpd; “RUf;fkhf nrhy;tjhdhy; ,dxopg;G

vd;gJ> xLf;fg;gLk; ,dj;jpd; Njrpa milahsj;ij mopj;J> xLf;Fgthpd; Njrpa milahsj;ij

xLf;fg;gLgth; kPJ jpzpg;gjhFk;”5 vd;W $wpapUf;fpwhh;.

,dxopg;ig xU nray;tif vd;w tifapy; ehk; gFg;gha;T nra;jhy;> rpy nraw;ghLfs; jk;kl;by;

,dxopg;G rhh;e;jitahf ,y;yhtpl;lhYk;> ,dxopg;ig nra;jFepiy epiynfhz;litahf khw;Wk;

#o;epiyfis fl;bnaOg;Ggitahf ,Ug;gij kiwKfkhf Rl;bf;fhl;Lgitahf ,Ug;gij ehk;

Ghpe;Jnfhs;syhk;. jkpo; Fbkf;fis> xw;iwahl;rp Kiw rpwpyq;fh muRf;F md;dpakhdth;fshf

fl;bnaOg;GtJ> ePz;l xU nray;Kiwahf ,Uf;fpwJ. ,jpy; rl;l hPjpahd> murpay; hPjpahd

KbTfs;> vz;zpf;ifapylq;fh kdpj gLnfhiyfs;> ghFghLfhl;Lk; nray;Kiwfs;> MAjk; jhpj;j

Kuz;ghl;Lf; fhyq;fs; kw;Wk; ,Wjpahf> G+z;NlhL mopf;Fk; jpl;lq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;jy;

Mfpait mlq;Ffpd;wd.

,d xopg;ig nra;jF epiy nfhz;litahf cUthf;Fk;> fl;likg;G hPjpahd> r%f hPjpahd

fhuzpfs;> 1833 mstpyhd Kw;gl;l fhygFjpapy; gphpj;jhdpaNu cs;nfhzh;e;jhf njhptpf;Fk;

rhl;rpaq;fis jPh;g;;ghaj;jpdh; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lNjhL> NeubahfTk; Nfl;Lj; njhpe;J nfhz;lhh;fs;.

,e;jf; fhuzpfspy; Kjyhtjhf> kuG topj; jkpoh; jhafg; gFjpfisAk; kuGtop rpq;fsg; gFjpfisAk;

xd;wpizj;J xw;iwahl;rp fl;likg;G xd;iw cUthf;fpaJ ,Uf;fpwJ. mLj;jjhf> rpq;fs

kf;fspilNa Mhpa –ngsj;j milahsj;ij cUthf;Ftjw;fhd mbg;gilfis ,izj;J

cUthf;fpa tuyhw;W vOj;jhz;ik> njhy;nghUspay; kw;Wk; khDltpay; fhuzpfis cs;sPL

nra;tjd; %yk; jpl;lkpl;l hPjpahf r%f hPjpahd mikg;ig khw;wpaikj;jJ ,Uf;fpwJ. ,jd;NghJ

,e;jpahit “Mf;fpukpg;ghsuhfTk;” jkpoh;fis “Mf;fpukpg;ghsh;fspd; topj;Njhd;wy;fs;”6MfTk;

rpj;jhpg;gJ epfo;e;jJ.

,e;j xt;nthU nray;KiwAk; mjw;nfd xt;nthU fhy;topfis nfhz;bUe;jNjhL> ,dxopg;G

Nghd;w xUtplaj;ij Ghpe;J nfhs;tij njhlq;Ftjw;fhd xU fzj;ij njhpe;njLg;gJ vg;NghJNk

xU fbdkhd tp\akhf ,Uf;fpwJ. Mdhy;> Ke;jpa re;jh;g;gq;fs; gy ,Ue;jNghJk>; rpwpyq;fhtpNy

xU xw;iwahl;rp Kiwia mikg;gjw;nfd iff;nfhs;sg;gl;l mlf;FKiw hPjpahd> ghFghl;L

hPjpahd Kiwfs>; 1956k; Mz;by; xU jpUg;G Kidia mile;jd. me;j Mz;bNyjhd;>

5. wghNay; nyk;fpd; -Mf;fpukpf;fg;gl;l INuhg;ghtpy; mr;R ehLfspd; Ml;rp rh;tNjr rkhjhdj;Jf;fhd

fhh;Nzfp mwf;nfhil> Nth\pq;ud; b.]p> 1944> gf; 79

6. cjhuzkhf> ,yq;iff;fhd gphpj;jhdpa FbNaw;w nrayhsh; (1845-1850) J.E. nundd;w; RNjrpfs;

Mf;fpukpg;ghsh; vdgphpf;Fk; tpjj;jpy; tuyhw;W cz;ikfis Ntz;Lnkd;Nw #o;r;rp jpwj;Jld; jphpG

gLj;jpdh;. ,e;jg; gphpg;ghdJ rpq;fsth;fis ,e;j jPit Nkd;ikgLj;Jtij ehfhPfkila nra;tij

mofhf;Ftij> tskilar; nra;tij mthTfpd;wth;fshfTk; rpj;jhpj;j mNjNtis jkpoh;fis

nfhs;isf;fhuh;fshfTk; Mf;fpukpg;ghsuhfTk; jPit Vo;ikahd jhf;Fgth;fshfTk;

myq;Nfhyg;gLj;Jfpwth;fshfTk; rpj;jhpj;jpUf;fpwJ (N[.< nundd;w;> ,yq;if: jPT gw;wpa xU gjpT> -

ngsjPf> tuyhW epyf;fplg;gpay; (njhFjp1> gf.394—396) yz;ld;> Nyhq;khd; fwPd;> Nyhq;khd> kw;Wk;

nwh;Ngh;l;];> 1859)

18


rpq;fsnkhopjhd; xNunahU Cj;jpNahfG+u;tkhd nkhop vd eph;zapf;fg;gl;lJ. ,jidj; njhlh;e;J>

,jw;F vjph;g;G njhptpj;J jkpoh; fhl;ba m`pk;irtop vjph;g;GfSf;F gjpy;tpidahf> jkpoh;fs;kPJ

jpl;lkpl;l gLnfhiyfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.

1958k; Mz;by>; jkpo;nkhop tpNrlVw;ghLfs; rl;l%yj;ij rkh;g;;gpf;Fk; tpl;Lf;nfhLg;Gf;F muR

cld;gl;ljd; ngWNgwhf> kPz;Lk; gLnfhiyfs; epfo;e;jd.

1961k; Mz;by; murfUknkhop nfhs;iff;F vjph;g;Gj;njhptpj;J tlf;F fpof;F mshtpa rj;jpahf;fpufk;

(fhe;jpa Kiwfis Mjh;rkhff; nfhz;l m`pk;ir Neub eltbf;if) njhlq;fpaijj; njhlh;e;J>

rpq;fs ,uhZtk; tlf;F> fpof;Ff;F mDg;gg;gl;lJ.

1971k; Mz;by; mJ jug;gLj;jyhf mike;jJ. ,e;jj; jug;gLj;jy; %yk; cah;fy;tp gPlq;fSf;F

jkpo; khzth; mDkjp ngWtJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fstpy; Fiwf;fg;gl;lJ.

1972 ,y; KjyhtJ FbauR murpayikg;G Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ,e;j murpayikg;G rpq;fsj;Jf;F

mur fUk nkhopnad;w murpayikg;G hPjpahd jFepiyiaAk; ngsj;j kjj;Jf;F murpay;

mikg;gpNy Kd;dzp ];jhdKk; nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ. 1977 ,y; jkpo; kpjthj jiyikj;Jtk;> jdpehL

mikf;f miog;G tpLj;J> tl;Lf;Nfhl;il jPh;khdk; epiwNtw;wg;gl;lij mLj;J> jkpo; kf;fs;kPJ

gLnfhiyfs; fl;ltpo;j;J tplg;gl;ld.

1978k; Mz;bd; murpayikg;Gk; murfUk nkhopnad;w tifapy; njhlh;e;Jk; rpq;fsj;Jf;F

murpayikg;G me;j];ij nfhLj;jJ. me;jf; fzj;jpy; ,Ue;J epiyikfs; mjpfkjpfk;

ghuJ}ukhditahf Mfpd. 1981,y; aho;g;ghz E}yfk; vhpf;fg;gl;lJ> 1983,y; jkpo; kf;fs; kPJ

gLnfhiyfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. (fWg;G A+iy vd miof;fg;gLtJ) ,jpy; 3000f;F Nkw;gl;lth;fs;

nfhy;yg;gl;ldh;.

njd;gFjpapy; ,lk;ngw;w gLnfhiy miyfspy;> mq;F tho;e;j gy;yhapuf; fzf;fhd jkpoh;fis

nfhd;wjw;F Nkyjpfkhf> tlf;F fpof;fpy; tho;e;j jkpoh;fs;kPJ elj;jg;gl;l jpl;lkpl;l hPjpapyhd

kdpjg; gLnfhiyfs; njhlh;ghf tpthpf;Fk; 300f;F Nkw;gl;l gf;fq;fspy; cs;slq;fpa rhd;Wfs;

jPh;g;G kd;Wf;F rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;bUe;jd.

cjhuzkhf> 1983 A+iyapy; (jpUney;Ntyp) ,Ue;J 1987 Nk (my;tha; Nfhtpy; gLnfhiyfs;)

tiu> 44f;F Nkw;gl;l gLnfhiyfs; murMAjg;gilfshy; epfo;j;jg; gl;bUf;fpd;wd. ,tw;wpy; 2109

jkpoh;fs; nfhy;yg;gl;lhh;fs;. ,Nj NghyNt> 1990 Nk (fpof;F gy;fiyf;fofgLnfhiyfs;) ,Ue;J

1995 Nk (ehfh;Nfhtpy; gLnfhiyfs;) tiuahd> 6 tUlfhyg; gFjpapy; Mff;Fiwe;jJ 2>231

kf;fs; mur gilfshy; epfo;j;jg;gl;l 47 gLnfhiyfspy; nfhy;yg;gl;ldh;. 2-3 ehl;fs; ,ilntspapy;

ele;j gy rk;gtq;fspy; 100 Nkw;gl;lth;fs; nfhy;yg;gl;ldh; (cjhuzkhf (1984 brk;gh; 15,y;

epfo;e;j nfhf;fpsha;-nfhf;FnjhLtha; gLnfhiyapy; 131NgUk;> 1990 Nk 23—24k; jpfjpfspy;

fpof;F gy;fiyfof gLnfhiyapy; 226 NgUk;> 1995 A+iy 9k;jpfjp ethyp nrd;gPw;wh;]; Njthya

gLnfhiyapy; 155 NgUk; nfhy;yg;gl;ldh;.)7

tphptpsf;fkhd Nehpy; fz;lth;fspd; rhl;rpaq;fis cs;slf;fpajhd> ,e;j mtjhdkhf

Mtzg;gLj;jg;gl;l rhl;rpaq;fs;> <oj; jkpoh;fis> mth;fsJ FO milahsj;Jf;F mbg;gilahd

7. NESOHR, - “ ,y;iynad;why; ehq;fs; kwe;JtpLNthk;- jkpo; kf;fs; kPjhd g:nfhiyfs; > 1956 – 2001”kdpjchpikfSf;fhd tlf;Ffpof;F nrayfk;>14 Xf];w; 2007

<http://nesohr.org/wp-content/uploads/HumanRightsReports/Lest_We_Forget.pdf> ,y; ,Ue;J ngwg;gl;lJ.

19


kz;zpypUe;J> cly;h Pjpahf xopj;Jf;fl;Lk; cs; Nehf;fj;JlNdNa ,e;j Ml;ôpak;

epfo;j;jg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd vd;gJ cWjpg;gLj;jg; gl;bUf;fpwJ. ,t;tl;̂ opaq;fis epfo;jpath;fSf;F

muR nfhLj;j ghJfhg;ghdJ> ,e;j nfhy;Yk; nraw;ghLfs;> fpsh;r;rp Kwpabg;G eltbf;if vd;w

ngahpy; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;l> murpd; ed;F jpl;lkplg;gl;l nfhs;ifapDila> xU gFjpjhd;

vd;gJ NkYk; cWjpg;gLj;jg; gl;bUf;fpwJ. jkpo; fpuhkq;fis Rw;wptisj;J MAjk; jhpf;fhj

Mz;fs; ngz;fs; Foe;ijfis nfhd;wJ> murgilapdh; NritapypUe;j Nrhjidr; rhtbfspy;

NgUe;Jfs; jLj;J epWj;jg;gl;L> jkpo;gazpfisg; gphpj;njLj;J> mth;fis Rl;Lf;nfhd;wJ> cs;sf

,lg;ngau;tpw;F cs;shd kf;fis flj;jp fhzhky; Nghfr;nra;jJ midj;JNk> cs;Nehf;fk;

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8. NESOHR, - “ ,y;iynad;why; ehq;fs; kwe;JtpLNthk;- njhFjp II> kdpjchpikfSf;fhd tlf;Ffpof;F nrayfk;>

25 Xf];w; 2008 <http://www.nesohr.org/files/Lest_We_Forget-II.pdf> ,y; ,Ue;J ngwg;gl;lJ.

9. HRW, “rpwpyq;fh: kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; kUj;Jt kidfs; kPjhd vwpfizj;jhf;Fjy;> NghH Fw;wj;jpd;

rhd;Wfs;>`pAkd; iww;]; Nthr;>

<http://www.hrw.org/news/2009/05/08/sri-lanka-repeated-shelling-hospitals-evidence-war-crimes> ,y; ,Ue;J

ngwg;gl;lJ.

20


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,dxopg;G vd;gJ xU Njrpa> ,dk;rhh;e;j> Fyk; rhh;e;j kjk; rhh;e;j FOit> xU gFjpahfNt

21


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<http://www.uthr.org/SpecialReports/spreport5.htm>

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2009 (mN]h]pNal;ll;gpnw];), <http://www.thestar.com/news/world/2009/04/24/un_says_6500_tamil_civilians_killed_in_sri_lanka.html> ,Ue;J ngwg;gl;lJ

13. gp. ghkh; “,Wjp type;J jhf;Fjypd; NghJ rpwpyq;fh ,uhZtk; 20>000 jkpo; rptpypad;fis gLnfhiy

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22


,Uf;fpd;wd.

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(89.7%).14

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vdmq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;lJ. mj;NjhL 1998 ,y; jhd; ,dxopg;gpDila xU mq;fkhf> Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;

ty;YwTfs>; xU ,dxopg;G nraw;ghlhf gpufldg;gLj;jg;gl;ld.16 xU ,yf;fpd;kPJ> murpdhy;

jz;lidf;fhg;G toq;fg;gl;L ghJfhf;fg;gl;l FOxd;wpdhy;> Ie;J jrhg;jq;fSf;F Nkyhf> gutyhd

KiwapNy> fPNo fhl;lg;gl;bUg;gJNghy; rpwpyq;fhtpd; jkpoh;fs;kPJ nra;ag;gl;lij xj;j> ghypay;

td;nray;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lhy;> mJ ,e;j cld;ghl;bd; fPo;> njspthfNt xU ,dxopg;G MFk;.

<oj;jkpo; Fbkf;fs; kPJ ghuJ}ukhd cly;hPjpahd cshPjpahd jPq;Ffis Vw;gLj;jpa rpwpyq;fh

murpd; nfhs;iffs; Fwpj;J ,e;j jPh;g;ghak; ftdj;jpy; nfhz;Ls;sJ. 30 tUlj;Jf;F Nkw;gl;l

Nghh;f;fhyg;gFjp KOtJk;> tlf;F fpof;F khfhzq;fspd; epue;ju Fzhjpraq;fshf ghhpa

14. rpwpyq;fhtpyhd rdehafj;Jf;fhd Clftpayhsh;fs;> Clfg;gzpahsh;fs; rpwpyq;fhtpy; nfhy;yg;gl;ldh;. (2004-

2010) A+d; 2012.<http://www.jdslanka.org/index.php/killed-media-workers> ,ypUe;J ngwg;gl;lJ.

15. Kd;dhs; ANfh];yhtpahTf;fhd rh;tNjr Fw;wtpay; jPh;g;ghak; (ICTY) > gpul;[hkpd; (tprhuiz miw) 1nrg;nuk;gh;

2004> ge;jp 690@ ];uf;fpf;> 31A+iy 2003> ge;jp 516

16. Wthz;lhTf;fhd rh;tNjr Fw;wtpay; jPh;g;;;ghak; (ICTR)> mf;fhNaR > 2 nrg;nuk;gh; 1998> ge;jp 598

23


,lg;ngah;Tfs;> mjd; tpisthd cly;hPjpahd cshPjpahd tpisTfs; Kjypait ,Ue;jpUf;fpd;wd.

type;J gl;bdpNghl;lit> czT> kUe;Jfs; kPjhd jilfs;> rPtNdhghak; kw;Wk; mbg;gil

kdpjNea Njitfs;kPjhd tiuaiwfs;> Kjypait ,e;jg;gFjpfspy; jpiff;f itf;Fk; Nkhrkhd

#oy;fis cUthf;Ftjpy; ngUkstpy; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;jpUf;fpd;wd.

lg;spd; kw;Wk; gpnwk;nkd; mkh;Tfs; ,uz;bYk; jPh;g;ghakhdJ> jkpo; <o ngz;fSf;F vjpuhf

fl;ltpo;j;J tplg;gl;l ghypay; td;nray;fs; kw;Wk;mtw;wpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fSf;F mit Vw;gLj;jp

tpl;bUf;fpw> ghhpa mstpyhd ePbj;J epiyj;jpUf;fpw cly;hPjpahd> czh;tjph;r;rp NfhshWfs;

njhlh;ghd tw;GWj;Jk; tpjj;jpyhd rhl;rpaq;fis Nfl;lJ. fphprhe;jp FkhuRthkp (7xf];w;1996)>

mUkj;Jiu jh;knyl;Rkp (11ngg; 1996)> KUNfrgps;is NfhNz];thp (17 Nk 1997)> Ilh fkyPw;uh

(12 A+d; 1999)> rhujhk;ghs; rutzgthde;j FUf;fs;( 28brk; 1999)> tp[pfyh ee;jd; (19khh;r; 2001)>

jk;gpg;gps;is jdyl;Rkp (7A+iy 2001)> ,isajk;gp jh;rpdp (16 brk; 2005)> NkhpkNlypd; (8A+d;

2006)> gpNwkpdp jD\;Nfhb (30A+d; 2006)> ,irg;gphpah my;yJ N\hgh(Nk 2009) kw;Wk; rhe;jFkhhp

fpU\;zgps;is (10A+iy 2011) MfpNahhpd; rk;gtq;fspy; njspthf njhptJNghy; gyrk;gtq;fspy;>

mtw;why; ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fs;>ghypay; hPjpahf jhf;fg;gl;l gpd; nfhy;yg;gl;bUf;fpwhh;fs;.

kdpjchpik fz;fhzpg;gfj;jhy; (HRW ) 2013,y; ntspaplg;gl;l tptukhd mwpf;ifahdJ “2006-

2012 fhyg;gFjpapNy> murfhtypy; ,Ue;j ngz;fSf;Fk; Mz;fSf;F vjpuhf rpwpyq;fhghJfhg;G

gilapduhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l ty;YwT kw;Wk; Vida ghypay; td;nray;fis ntspg;gLj;jpapUf;fpwJ.

mJ 75 ty;YwTr;rk;gtq;fis mjhtJ 31 Mz;fs; 41 ngz;fs;> 11taJf;F Fiwe;j 3 igad;fs;

MfpNahh; njhlh;ghd rk;gtq;fis Mtzg;gLj;jp ,Uf;fpwJ. ,tw;iw mur ghJfhg;G gilapdNu

nra;jjhf rhl;rpaq;fs; Fwpg;gplg; gl;bUf;fpd;wd.” vdntspg;gLj;jp ,Uf;fpwJ.

rpwpyq;fh ghJfhg;G gilfshy; nra;ag;gl;bUf;Fk; ghypay; td;nray;fSk; NtW ghuJ}ukhd

J\;gpuNahfq;fSk; ed;F Mokhf Nt&d;wpapUf;Fk; jz;lidf;fhg;gpd; gpd;zzpapNyNa

Ghpag;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. ……. aho;g;;ghz khtl;lj;ij Nrh;e;j 27taJj; jkpo;ngz;zhd Nahfypq;fk;

tp[pjh jhf;fy; nra;j mbg;gil kdpjchpik kDnjhlh;ghd tof;fpy;> kDjhuUf;F el;l<Lk;

tof;F nryTfSk; toq;Fk;gb rpwpyq;fh cr;r ePjpkd;wk; cj;jutpl;lJ. nfhOk;gpd; mUNf

,Uf;Fk; ePh;nfhOk;G nghyprpy;> 2000 A+d; 21-27 tiu ,e;jg; ngz; jLj;J itf;fg;gl;bUe;j NghJ>

,th; nghyp]; mjpfhhpfshy; rpj;jputij nra;ag;gl;lNjhL> thiog;nghj;jp xd;iw gad;gLj;jp

mth;fshy; fw;gopf;fTk; gl;bUe;jhh;. vdpDk; ,r;rk;gtk; njhlh;ghf ve;j tprhuizAk;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gltpy;iy vd;W ,e;j mwpf;if NkYk; $WfpwJ.

“,JNghyNt 1997k; Mz;by; Ieh tpNrl ,zf;fg;ghl;lhsuhy; mDg;gg;gl;l rpj;jputij njhlh;ghd

xU fbjj;jpNy> gy;NtW ty;YwTr; rk;gtq;fs; gw;wp Fwpg;gplg; gl;bUe;jhYk; mtw;Ws; vtw;Wf;fhfTk;

jz;lid tpjpf;fg;gltpy;iy. Nkw;gb rk;gtq;fspNy> 1997 khh;r; 17k; jpfjp> kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;lk;.

ikyk;ghntsp nfhydpapy; mike;jpUf;Fk; xU tPl;Lf;Fs;> mjw;F mUfpypUe;j ,uhZtKfhikr;

Nrh;e;j tPuh;fs;> gyte;jkhf Eioe;J mq;fpUe;j Ntyd; ,uhrk;khitAk; mtUila rNfhjhpahd

Ntyd; tre;jhitAk; ty;YwTf;F cl;gLj;jpdhh;fs;. VwhT+hpy; ,Uf;Fk; nghyp]; epiyaj;jpYk;

$l;Leltbf;ifj; jsgjpf;Fk; ,J Fwpj;J Kiwg;ghL nra;ag;gl;lhYk; mth;fs; ve;j eltbf;ifiaAk;

vLf;ftpy;iy.

kl;lf;fsg;gpy; ele;j ,d;ndhU rk;gtj;jpNy jd;Dila tPl;bypUe;J gyiffis nghyp]; mjpfhhpfs;

jpUbtpl;ljhf Kiwg;ghL nra;j KUNfrgps;is NfhNz];thp vd;w ngz>; mjw;F gpd; nghyp];

mjpfhhpfshy; njhy;iy nfhLf;fg;gl;ljhf mwptpf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. 1997Nk 17k; jpfjp nghyp];mjpfhhpfs;

24


mtuJ tPl;Lf;Fs; GFe;J> mtuJ ngz;Fwpf;Fs; xU iff;Fz;il itj;J ntbf;fr; nra;jpUf;fpwhh;fs;.

mJ mtuJ kuzj;ij tpistpj;jJ. ,e;j Fw;wj;Jf;fhf vtUk; jz;bf;fg;gltpy;iy.”17

Clf mwpf;iffspd;gb Nghhpd; ,Wjpf;fl;lq;fspd; NghJ ghJfhg;G tyak; vd;W nrhy;yg;gl;l

,lq;fSs; rpwpyq;fh ,uhZtk; elj;jpa vwpfizj; jhf;Fjy;fspy;> 30> 000 jkpo; rptpypad;fs;

CdKw;wth;fshf Mf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwhh;fs;. ,g;gbahd mwpf;iffspy; xd;W> xU epWtdg; gzpahsiu

Nkw;Nfhs; fhl;b $Wifapy>; “ehd;; ,Ue;j ,lj;jpYk; mJ Nghd;w tlf;fpYs;s kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l

NtW Kfhk;fspYk; cs;s epiyikfs;> cyfk; vq;Fk; cs;s Nghh;tyaq;fspy; VjpypfSf;F ehd;

Mw;wpa 20 tUl gzpfspd; fhyj;jpy; ehd; fz;l epiyikfistpl Nkhrkhd epiy fhzg;gLfpwJ”.18

vd;W $WfpwJ rpwpyq;fh murhdJ> tlf;F fpof;fpy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; nghpa mstpyhd epyf;

ifafg;gLj;jy;fs; kw;Wk; ngUk; vz;zpf;ifapyhd Vjpypfs; cUthf;fk; Kjypatw;why; vLj;Jf;

fhl;lg;gLk; jpl;lkpl;l hPjpapyhd fpsh;r;rp Kwpabg;G nfhs;ifia rpwpyq;fh muR iff;nfhz;lJ

vd;W jPh;g;ghak; fUJfpwJ. Nghh;f;fhyk; KOtJk; ,t;thwhf type;J ,lg;ngah;Tfs; jkpo; Fbkf;fs;kPJ

jpzpf;fg;gl;ljhdJ> ,ay;G tho;if gw;wpa midj;J czh;TfisAk; mth;fsplkpUe;J gwpj;J

tpl;ljhy;> mJ <oj; jkpoh;fspd; kdq;fspNy Mokhd cstpay; hPjpapyhd tLf;fis gjpj;J

tpl;bUf;fpwJ. cjhuzkhf> 2000 brk;gh; mstpNy aho;khtl;lj;jpy; kl;Lk; nkhj;j Fbj;njhifapdhpy;

Mff;Fiwe;jJ 40.2% ,dh; cs;sf ,lg;ngah;Tf;F cl;gl;lth;fshf ,Ue;jhh;fs.;19 Nghh;Kbe;J

%d;W Mz;Lfs; fle;J tpl;lepiyapYk; mjhtJ 2012 xf;Nuhghpy>; ngUk; vz;zpf;ifapyhd

epykw;w> cs;sf ,lg;ngah;Tf;F cs;shd kf;fs; (IDP)> vQ;rpapUe;j 42 IDP Kfhk;fspy; my;yJ

,d;Wtiuf;Fk; ve;j khw;wKkpy;yhky; ,Uf;fpd;w aho;g;ghzj;jpd; 11 %lg;gl;l miktplq;fspYk;

,Ue;jhh;fs;. .,e;j Kfhk;fs; ,d;dKk; ,Uf;fpd;wd.;20

njhlh;r;rpahd ,lg;ngah;Tk; ePz;lfhyk; ,Ogl;l Nghh; Vw;gLj;jpa czh;tjph;r;rpf; NfhshWfs;

,isath;fshd <oj;jkpo; jiyKiwapdhpd; kdq;fspNy gLehrk; tpistpf;Fk; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jp

tpl;bUg;gij jPh;g;ghaj;jpdh; fz;Lnfhz;ldh;. “tPL ,of;fg;gl;lJ> md;dpakhd #oy;> FLk;gr;rlq;Ffs;

jilg;gl;lik> ngw;NwhhplkpUe;J ghpr;rakhd may;> #oy;> ghlrhiy kw;Wk; ez;gh;fsplkpUe;J

gphpf;fg;gl;lJ. tpisahl;Lg; nghUl;fs;> Ngzpg; ghJfhj;j nghUl;fs;> Ms;neUf;fb kpf;fJk;

md;dpakhdJkhd ,Ug;g plq ;fs; Kjypait> xUgps ;isapd ;k PJ kdmOj;jq ;fis

nfhLf;ff;$baitahFk; …… fpl;lj;jl;l 2 jrhg;jq;fshf rpwpyq;fhtpd; tlf;F fpof;fpy; njhlh;e;J

ele;J nfhz;bUe;j Nghhpy;> vwpfiz tPr;Rfs; cyq;FthD}h;jpapypUe;J jiuNehf;fp RLjy;>

Rw;wptisg;Gfs; Rw;wptisj;JNjLjy; eltbf;iffs;. kuzq;fs>; fhaq;fs>; mopTfs>;

ngUe;njhifapyhd ifJfs;> jLj;Jitg;Gfs;> #l;Lr;rk;gtq;fs>; iff;Fz;Lntbg;Gfs>;

epyf;fz;zpntbfs>; Kjypait Nghd;w nghJthd mDgtq;fshy; rpWgps;isfs;kPJ czh;tjph;r;rp

17. kdpjchpik fhg;gfk;: “ehq;fs; cq;fSf;F xU ghlk; gbg;gpg;Nghk;”: jkpoh;fSf;F vjpuhf rpwpyq;fh ghJfhg;G

gilfshy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l ghypay; hPjpahd td;nray;fs;> (2013 )…(gf; 18-19) <http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/srilanka0213webwcover_0.pdf> ,ypUe;J ngwg;gl;lJ

18. b.ney;rd; 30>000 tiuahdth;fs; rpwpyq;fhtpd; vwpfizfshy; CdKw;wpUf;fpwhh;fs;”> j nuypfpuhg; 24 Nk 2009>

<http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/srilanka/5378047/Up-to-30000-disabled-by-Sri-Lankan-shells.html>,ypUe;J ngwg;gl;lJ

19. vd;. rptuh[h> aho;g;;ghz ngz;fs; Foe;ijfspd; Cl;lr;rj;J hPjpahd epiyikfs; jkpo; iuk;]; xx(5) > Nk

2001 gf..21

20. “rpwpyq;fh xU kiwf;fg;gl;l ,lg;ngah;T neUf;fb “ > cs;sf ,lg;ngah;T fz;fhzpg;G ikak;> 31xf;Nuhgh; 2012>

gf;13 <http://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004BE3B1/(httpInfoFiles)/FCD38BA17999B30CC1257B1D002D88C7/$file/Sri Lanka - A hidden displacement crisis - 31 October 2012.pdf> ,ypUe;J ngwg;gl;lJ

25


NfhshWfs; Vw;gl;ld. …. rpwpyq;fhtpd; fpof;F khfhzj;jpd; gps;iskPJ Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l fNdba

Ma;thdJ rpWghd;ikapd jkpo;g; gps;isfs; mjpf mstpyhd Nghh;njhlh;ghd czh;tjph;r;rp

NfhshWfs>; mtw;wpDila cstpay; hPjpahd gpd; tpisTfs; Kjypatw;why;> kw;wth;fistpl

Fwpg;gplj;jf;f mstpy; mjpfkhd mstpy; ghjpf;fg;gl;bUg;gjhf21 fz;Lnfhz;Ls;sJ.

gilapdhpd; jhf;Fjy;fs; <oj;jkpoh;kPJ Vw;gLj;jpapUf;Fk; ePz;lfhymbg;gilapyhd cshPjpahd

jPq;Ffs;> 1986k; Mz;bypUe;J rpwpyq;fhtpy; gzpahw;wp te;j “vy;iyfsw;w kUj;Jth;” mikg;G

cs;spl;l kdpjNea mikg;Gfshy; NkYk; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. “Fwpg;gplj;jf;f vz;zpf;ifapyhd

gq;F gw;Wdh;fs;> Aj;jj; jhf;fq;fSf;F Neubahf Kfk; nfhLj;jth;fshf ,Ue;jhh;fs;. ,th;fSs;

gyh; jq;fs; fpuhkq;fs; kPjhd jhf;Fjy;fs;> thd;top Fz;LtPr;Rfs;> vwpfiztPr;Rfs>; FWf;Fr;

#Lfs;> rpj;jpiutijr; rk;gtq;fs; Kjypatw;iw Neubahf fz;lth;fshf ,Ue;jNjhL> mth;fs;

fhag;gl;lth;fis> jq;fs; tPl;NlhL kf;fs; vhptij fz;bUf;fpwhh;fs;. ,th;fspy; 20Ngh; (12%)

jhf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwhh;fs;. ifJnra;ag;gl;bUf;fpwhh;.(18%) my;yJ flj;jg;gl;bUf;fpwhh;fs.; 27Ngh;

gzaf;ifjpfshf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwhh;fs;. 28Ngh; (17%) nghyprhhpdhy; my;yJ ,uhZtj;jpduhy; Nkhrkhf

elj;jg;gl;bUf;fpwhh;fs;> kw;Wk; 17Ngh; (11%) rpj;jputij nra;ag;gl;bUf;fpwhh;fs; . fpl;lj;jl;l

vy;NyhUNk jq;fs; tPLfis my;yJ nrhj;Jf;fis ,oe;jpUf;fpwhh;fs; .( 157> 97%) gl;bdpia

vjph;nfhz;bUf;fpwhh;fs; . (154> 94%)> 88% (142Ngh;),dH ghJfhg;G ,d;ikia njhlh;r;rpahf czh;tij

tpthpj;jpUf;fpwhh;fs;. Kuz;ghLfs; kw;Wk; td;nray;fspd; tpisthf jq;fs; md;Gf;Fhpath;fis

,oe;jpUf;fpwhh;fs.; gq;F nfhz;lth;fspy; 12 (7%) Ngh; jq;fs; Jiztiu> 14(9%)Ngh; gps;isia>

20 (12%) Ngh; jq;fs; ngw;Nwhh;fis> 29 (10%) Ngh; xU rNfhjuj;ij> 16 (10%)Ngh; jq;fs; ghl;ld;

ghl;bia ,oe;jpUf;fpwhh;fs;. fpl;lj;jl;l %d;wpnyhU gq;Ff;F mjpfkhNdhh; jq;fSf;F neUf;fkhapUe;j

ahiuahtJ ,oe;jpUf;fpwhh;fs;. rpyh; ,e;j kuzq;fis Nehpy; fz;bUf;fpwhh;fs; 16.(10%) Ngh;

jq;fs; gps;isfspd; my;yJ jq;fs; nghWg;gpy; ,Ue;j gps;isfspd; kuzj;ij Neubahff;

fz;bUf;fpwhh;fs; . mz;zsthf miuthrpg;gq;fpdh; (78> 48%) jq;fs; FLk;g cWg;gpdh;fsplkpUe;J

gphpe;J ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;. 39Ngh; (24%) jq;fs; FLk;gj;jpy; ahuhtJ xUth; jw;nfhiy nra;a Kad;wjhfr;

nrhy;ypapUf;fpwhh;fs;…. ,ijtpl mjpfkhf> NghhpDila cstpay; hPjpahd czh;tjph;r;rpf;

NfhshWfshy; ghjpf;fg;gl;bUf;ff;$ba kf;fs;FO xd;iw fw;gid nra;J ghh;g;gJ fbdkhdjhf

,Uf;fpwJ. NghhpdJk; kdpjchpik kPwy;fspdJk; Neub rhl;rpaq;fshfTk; mtw;why; Neubahfg;

ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fshfTk; mth;fs; ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;. mth;fs; Ntiytha;g;Gfs; kw;Wk; Rajq;fpapUg;gpYk;

,Ue;J Jz;bf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwhh;fs;. csey gpur;rpidfis mjpfhpj;J tplf;$ba fle;jfhyq;fspd;

cstpay; hPjpahd czh;tjph;r;rpf; NfhshWfis Cjpg; ngUg;gpf;fpw ,ope;j #o;epiyfSf;Fs;

milgl;lth;fshfTk; ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;.”22

Nghhpd; ,Wjpf;fl;l gLnfhiyfSf;Fj; jg;gpg;gpioj;j <oj; jkpo;kf;fSila cshPjpahd czh;tjpr;rpf;

NfhshWfNshL njhlh;Ggl;l 2009 f;Fgpe;jpa epfo;TUthf;fq;fisAk; jPh;g;ghak; fUj;jpy; vLj;jpUf;fpwJ.

lg;spd; kw;Wk; gpnwk;nkd;dpy; ,lk;ngw;w jPh;g;ghaj;jpDila ,uz;L mkh;TfspYk; tptukhd

rhl;rpaq;fis mspj;j fz; fz;l rhl;rpaq;fis tplTk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fstpyhd MtzhPjpahd

rhd;WfSk; jPh;g;ghaj;Jf;F rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;ld. ,e;jr; rhd;Wfs;> mz;ikapy; tlf;fpy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l

21. b. NrhkRe;juk;> “rpwpyq;fhtpd; jw;nfhiy Fz;Ljhhpfs; “ Vrpad; N[zy; xgN]h]y; ]ad;]; 38 (3)> 2010>

gf;416—414.

22. fh];b n[hq;> NkhwPd; ky;N`z; FOtpdh; “rpwpyq;fhtpyhd cs;ehl;Lg; Nghhpd; cstpay; hPjpahd czh;tjph;r;rpf;

NfhshWfs;”> vy;iyfsw;w kUj;Jth ; 27Vg ; 2002> <http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/publications/article.cfm?id=1397> ,Ue;J ngwg;gl;lJ

26


Ma;nthd;W vLj;Jf; fhl;bapUg;gJ Nghy; Nghhpd; filrpf; fl;lj;jpy; jg;gpg;gpioj;j kf;fspd;kPJ

mur epiyg;ghLfs; Vw;gLj;jpapUf;fpw cstpay; hPjpahd jhf;fq;fis vLj;Jf;fhl;Lgitahf

,Uf;fpd;wd. epfo;fhyj;jpy; ,lk;ngah;e;jth;fshf ,Uf;Fk; aho;g;;ghz thrpfspilNa gutyhff;

fhzg;gLfpd;w czntOr;rp NfhshWf;;F gpd;dhd kd mOj;j xOq;fPdk; (Post Traumatic Stress

Disorder- PTSD) (13% ) kdr;rQ;ryk; (48.5%) kw;Wk; kdr;Nrhh;T (41.8%) Neha;Fwpfs;> NghUf;F

gpe;jpa nfhN]hth;fs; kw;Wk; Mg;fhdpaUilaitfNshL xg;gplf;$baitahf ,Uf;fpd;wd. …..

mz;zsthf aho;g;ghz thrpfspy; 68% khNdhh; Mff;Fiwe;jJ xU kdtL Vw;gLj;Jk; epfo;itahtJ

mDgtpj;jpUf;fpwhh;fs;. mNefkhf jdpegh;fs; gy;NtW kdtL Vw;gLj;Jk; rk;gtq;fis

mDgtpj;jpUf;fpwhh;fs; (mjhtJ ruhrhp 2.76 kdtL Vw;gLj;Jk; epfo;Tfs;). kdtL Vw;gLj;Jk;

epfo;TfSf;Fk; csNeha; Vw;gl;bUf;Fk; msTf;FkpilNa -mDgtpf;fg;gl;l kdtL epfo;Tfs;

vz;zpf;if-gjpy;tpid hPjpahd njhlh;Gfs; ,Ug;gJ njspthfj; njhpfpwJ. msTf;fjpfkhf kdtL

Vw;gLj;Jk; epfo;Tfis mDgtpj;jNjhL xj;jpirtjhf cah; kl;lq;fspyhd PSTD, rQ;ryk; kw;Wk;

kdr;Nrhh ;T Neha;Fwpfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd vd;gJld; mit ,lg;ngah;T jFepiyNahL

,ize;jpUg;gitahfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wd.23

kpff;nfhûkhd td;nray;fs;> MAjg; Nghuhl;lf; fl;lj;jpNyNa epfo;j;jg;gl;bUf;Fk; mNj Ntis>

,tw;Ws; rpy> ,e;jg; NghUf;Fg; gpe;jpa fhyfl;lj;jpYk; ePbj;jpUg;gjhf mwpf;iffs; njhptpf;fpd;wd.

5.1.4.2. rpwg;G cs;Nehf;fk; (NlhY]; ];ng\yp]; ) rpwg;G cs;Nehf;fk; (NlhY]; ];ng\yp]; ) rpwg;G cs;Nehf;fk; (NlhY]; ];ng\yp]; ) rpwg;G cs;Nehf;fk; (NlhY]; ];ng\yp]; ) rpwg;G cs;Nehf;fk; (NlhY]; ];ng\yp]; )

xU FOtpd; xU gFjpiaNah my;yJ KOikahfNth mopg;gjw;fhdJk; ,dxopg;G cld;ghLfs;

nka;gpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd vjph;ghf;fg;gLtJkhd “Fwpg;ghd cs;Nehf;fk; MdJ> kpf mhpjhfNt>

njspthd Neub rhl;rpaq;fs; %yk; nka;gpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. vdNt rh;tNjr Fw;wtpay; jPh;g;ghaq;fs;

nrhy;tjd;gb> “Fwpg;ghd cs;Nehf;fk; ,Ue;jjw;fhd nka;g;gpg;ig> Neubahd njspthd rhl;rpak;

,y;yhjNghJ> nghJthd gpd;dzp> xNu FOTf;F vjpuhf NtW jz;bf;fg;glf;$ba nray;fis

jpl;lkpl;l tifapNy epfo;j;Jjy;> epfo;j;jg;gl;l nfhûq;fspd; msT> xU Fwpj;j FOtpd; cWg;gpdH

vd;wtifapNy jpl;lkpl;l KiwapNy Fwpj;j egh;fis ,yf;F itj;jy; ehrfukhd > ghFghby;yhj

nraw;ghLfis jpUk;gj; jpUk;g epfo;j;Jjy; Nghd;w gycz;ikfs; kw;Wk; re;jh;g;gq;fspypUe;J

ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;.24

cz;ikiar; nrhy;yg;Nghdhy; ,dxopg;G cj;Njrj;ij “#o;epiy rhd;Wfs; %yk;”25 nka;g;gpg;gJ

NghJkhdjhFk;. cjhuzkhf:

m. epfo;j;jg;gl;l ml;̂ spaq;fspd; nghJthd gutyhd ,ay;Gfs;;;;

M. ,e;j nraw;ghLfs; epfof; fhuzkhapUe;j nghJthd murpay; Nfhl;ghLfs;;;;;;

23. ghuh `{nra;d;> khh;f; mz;lrd;> ghh;guh Nyhng];> fhh;NlhN]h> fpwp];hpd; ngf;ndy; FOtpdh;.”NghUf;F gpe;jpa

rpwpyq;fhtpd; aho;g;ghz khtl;lj;jpy; gutyhff; fhzg;gLk; NghUld; njhlh;Ggl;l MNuhf;fpa #o;epiyfs; kw;Wk;

,lk;ngah;T kl;lj;Jldhd Nrh;f;if” mnkhpf;fh kUj;Jt rq;fj;jpd; rQ;rpif> 306.5> Xf];w; 2011> 522—531 <http://jama.jamanetwork.comarticle.aspx?articleid=1104178&resultClick=3> ,ypUe;J ngwg;gl;lJ.

24. ICTY n[yp]pf;> “Nkd;KiwaPl;Lj; jPh;g;Gfs;” ; IT-95 -10-A, 5 A+iy 2001> ge;jp47> ICTR, fw;nuw;Nu “jPh;g;G>” ICTR 2000- 61-

T> 31 khh;r;2011 kw;Wk; ge;jp 583. IT-95—10-A> 5A+iy 2001> ge;jp 47IAk; ghh;f;fTk;

25. ICTR, epa;uh kh]`{f;Nfh FOtpdh; “jPh;g;G”> ICTR 98-42-T> 24 A+d; 2011> ge;jp 5732. mbf;Fwpg;G ePf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ICTR

gp]pKq;F FOtpdh; “jPh;g;G” ICTR 99-50-T> 30 nrg;nuk;gh; 2011 ge;jp 1958.IAk; ghh;f;fTk; ICTR> el`pkhdh> “jPh;g;G” >ICTR-

01-68-T, 30brk;gh; 2011> ge;jp804

27


,. Vw;gLj;j Kaw;rpf;fg; gl;lJk; cz;ikapy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJkhd mopTfspd; ghpkhzq;fs;;

<. gLnfhiyfs; jpl;lkpLtjpy; iff;nfhs;sg;gl;l jpl;lkpl;l hPjpahd topfs; ;

c. jpl;lkpl;l hPjpapyhd gLnfhiyfSk; rlyq;fs; ,y;yhky; Nghfr; nra;jYk; ;

C. ,e;j nraw;ghLfspd; gFghL fhl;Lk; ,ay;G;

v. Fw;wk; rhl;lg;gl;lthpd; ghFghL fhl;Lk; cj;Njrk;>26

epfo;j;jg;gl;l ml;̂ spaq;fspd; jpl;lkpl;l kw;Wk; gutyhd ,ay;Gk; ghpkhzKk; rpwpyq;fh kPjhd

kf;fs; jPh;g;;ghaj;jpd; KjyhtJ mkh;tpy; epWtg;gl;ld. ,e;j mkh;tpy; kdpj ,dj;Jf;F vjpuhd

Fw;wq;fis rpwpyq;fh muR Ghpe;jjhf fhzg;gl;lJ.

Ks;sptha;f;fhy; Nghhpaf;fj;jpd; gpujhd ghj;jpuq;fs; Fwpj;j Nghhpaf;fj;jpd; Kd;Dk; gpd;Dk;

mjd;NghJk; ntspapl;Ls;s ntspg;gilahd $w;Wfs>; rpwpyq;fh jkpo; kf;fSf;F vjpuhd ,t;thwhd

,dxopg;G cj;Njrk; xd;W ,Ue;jijcWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd Mjhuq;fis je;Js;sd. cz;ikiar;

nrhy;yg; Nghdhy;> Rje;jpuj;Jf;F gpd;te;j fhyq;fspd; Muk;gj;jpypUe;J ,d;Wtiuf;Fk; gy

re;jh;g;gq;fspNy ,t;thwhd cj;NjrkhdJ> rpwpyq;fh murpd; KJepiy Fbrhh;> murpay; kw;Wk;

gilj;Jiwj; jiyth;fshy; —mNefkhd re;jh;g;gq;fspNy ,J ntWg;Gj; njwpf;Fk; Ngr;Rfs>;

ghlrhiyg; Gj;jfq;fs>; Clfq;fs;> ,jpfhr hPjpahd tuyhw;W GidTfspd; gjq;fspy; cs;slf;fg;gl;L>

,e;j cj;Njrk; ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.27

cjhuzkhf gpd;tUtdtw;iw ehk; Nkw;Nfhs; fhl;lyhk;:

“,d;iwf;F ePq;fs; ,q;Nf nfhz;L tug;gl;L cq;fSf;F xt;nthU epyj;Jz;Lfs; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

ePq;fs; cq;fs; fpuhkj;jpypUe;J gpLq;fp vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sPh;fs.; rKj;jpuj;jpy; mbj;Jr; nry;yg;gLk;

xU kuf;fl;ilNghy; ePq;fs; ,Uf;fpwPh;fs;. Mdhy; xd;iw epidtpy; itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. VNjh

xU ehisf;F KO ehLNk cq;fis Nehf;fp ghh;f;fg;NghfpwJ. rpq;fs ,dj;jpd; filrpr; rkh>;

gjtpahtpd; rkntspfspy;jhd; ,lk;ngwg; NghfpwJ. ,e;j ehl;bDila jiytpjpia cq;fs;

Njhs;fspy; Rkf;fg; NghFk; Mz;fSk; ngz;fSkhf ePq;fs; ,Uf;fpwPh;fs.; ,e;j ehl;il gphpf;f

Kidgth;fs; cq;fis vjph; nfhz;lhf Ntz;Lk;. cq;fis ,e;j ehL rpy tUlq;fSf;Fs; kwe;J

Nghfyhk;. Mdhy; tpiutpNyNa tug;NghFk; xU ehspy>; cq;fis mth;fs; rpq;fs ,dj;jpd; ,Wjp

muzhf Nehf;Fthh;fs.;“

- ,yq;if Rje;jpuk; ngw;wgpd; te;j Muk;g fhyq;fspNy> jkpoh; thOk; fpof;F gFjpapy; Fbakh;j;jg;gl;l

rpq;fs FbNaw;w thrpfSf;F ,yq;if KjyhtJ gpujkh; b.v];. Nrdehaf;fh (1947-1952)

ciuahw;Wifapy; Fwpg;gpl;ljhf> vr;.vk;. Fzuj;dtpd; “xU ,iwikAs;s muRf;fhf”> nfhOk;G>

rh;Nthjah ntspaPl;lhsh;fs>; 1988> gf;.201,y; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

“rkchpik toq;fg;gl;lhy; mJ rpq;fs ,dj;Jf;F gLehrkhf mikAk;. jq;fSila ,dj;Jf;NfAhpa

26. ICTR> rpf;fpwpf;fh FO gpujpthjp jug;gpd; tpLjiy nra;af; NfhUk; tpz;zg;gk; > IT-95-8-T, 3 nrg;nuk;gh; 2001> ge;jp

46-61.

27. ,e;j #o;sikTf;F rl;lhPjpahf nghUj;jkw;w NtW cs;Nehf;fq;fisf; nfhz;l Fw;wkpioj;jth; xUtUf;F vjpuhd

tof;fpy; ,dxopg;G Fw;wthspahf fhz;gij ,t;thwhd gjk; jilnra;atpy;iy vd;gij jPh;g;ghak; epidT $h;e;Js;sJ.

(ICTY Nfhuhd; n[yprpf; AJ> ge;jp 49> l];Nfhuhbf; > Nkd;KiwaPl;L jPh;g;G tof;F ,yf;fk; IT-94 – 1 –A> 15 A+iy 1999>

ge;jp 269 I NkwpNfhs; fhl;b)

28


(nkhop) fyhr;rhuk;> kdcWjp> gyk; Mfpa Fzhjpraq;fSld; ……..jkpoh;fs; vq;fs;kPJ Nkyhjpf;fk;

nrYj;j tUthh;fs;.“;

- gpujk ke;jphp v];.lgps;A+.Mh; b. gz;lhuehaf;fh 13 etk;gh; > 1955> 1955 etk;gh; 14k; jpfjp rpNyhd;

nla;yp epA+]; gj;jphpifapy; Nkw;Nfhs; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.

“tlf;fpYk; fpof;fpYk; cs;s jkpouRf; fl;rp Mjuthsh;fs>; Njhl;lq;fspy; cs;s Njapiy

Njhl;lj; njhopyhsh;fs;> ehl;bd; Vida gFjpfspy; cs;s mth;fsJ ez;gh;fs; kw;Wk; $l;lhspfis

mth;fSila mOj;jq;fSf;F muR gzpahtpl;lhy; nghUz;kpaj;ij Klf;fg; Nghtjhd

mr;RWj;jy;fNshL muRf;F gzpg;Giufis tpLf;f ehk; mDkjpf;fKbahJ. ehl;bDilaTk;

kf;fspDilaTk; vjphpfSf;F vjpuhf xt;nthUtUk; Xuzpaha; jpusNtz;ba Ntis ,Jjhd;.

flikf;fhd mikg;ig Vw;f ePq;fs; vy;NyhUk; jahuhf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;.“

- gpujkh; rpwpkhNth gz;lhuehaf;fh (1960—1965 1970—1974) nkhop chpikfisf; Nfhhp ,yq;if

jkpouRf;fl;rp Vw;ghL nra;j m p̀k;ir Neub eltbf;iff;F vjpuhf 26 vg;uy; 1961k;jpfjp ehl;Lkf;fSf;F

Mw;wpa ciuapy; Fwpg;gpl;ljhf> v];.nghd;idah ,yq;ifapyhd jkpoh;fspd; rj;jpahf;fpuf kw;Wk;

Rje;jpu Nghuhl;l ,af;fk; aho;g;;ghzk;> fd;dpah> 1963> gf; 182—186,y; Nkw;Nfhs; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.

“jkpo;kf;fSila fUj;Jf;fisg; gw;wp ehd; ftiyg;gltpy;iy ……….,g;nghOJ ehk; mth;fisg;

gw;wpNah mth;fSila caph;fisg; gw;wpNah my;yJ fUj;Jf;fisg; gw;wpNah ,g;NghJ epidf;f

KbahJ. tlf;fpd;kPJ ve;j msTf;F mOj;jk; gpuNahfpf;fg;gLfpd;wNjh> me;j msTf;F ,q;NfAs;s

rpq;fs kf;fs; kfpo;thh;fs; ……..cz;ikiar; nrhy;yg; Nghdhy; ehd; jkpoh;fisg; gl;bdpNghl;Lf;

nfhd;why; rpq;fs kf;fs; kfpo;thh;fs.;“

- rdhjpgjp N[.Mh;.[ath;j;jd (1977-1988)> 1983 A+iy 11k; jpfjp

nla;yp nuypfpwhg;-,y; Nkw;Nfhs; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.

“,e;j ehl;bd; ngUk;ghd;ik r%fj;jpdh; rpq;fsth;fs; MFk;. vdNt rpq;fsth;fNs ,e;j ehl;il

MsNtz;Lk.; fle;j fhyq;fspYk; mth;fs; ,e;j ehl;il Mz;lhh;fs.; vjph;fhyj;jpYk; mth;fs;

mijr; nra;thh;fs.; rpWghd;ikapdh; mth;fSf;F cjtp> mth;fSf;F topfhl;lyhk;. tlf;Ff;Fk;

fpof;Ff;Fk; . <oj;ijf; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd ehk; nrhy;yp njw;fpYs;s jkpo;kf;;fis mq;F

NghFk;gb nrhd;dhy; vd;d elf;Fk;? mth;fs;; vij cz;ghh;fs;? G+kpapd; kz;iz kl;Lk;jhd;

cz;zNtz;bapUf;Fk;. ngUk;ghd;ikr; r%fk; (rpq;fsth;fs;) gphpe;J Nghfhky; ,Ue;jhy; xU

fl;Lk];jhd kuj;ij Rw;wp nfhbfs; glh;tJ Nghy; rpWghd;ik r%fj;jpdh; ngUk;ghd;ik r%fj;jpdiu

Rw;wp gpd;dpg; gpize;J glh;thh;fs;.“

- rdhjpgjp b.gp. tp[aJq;fh (1993—1994) 5 ngg;uthp 1994> kj;jpa khfhz Njh;jy; $l;lq;fspy;

ciuahw;Wk; NghJ $wpajhf 1994 ngg;uthp 6k; jpfjp rz;Nl xg;Nrthpy; Nkw;Nfhs; fhl;lg;gl;lJ.

“,e;j ehL rpq;fstUf;Nf nrhe;jk; vd;W ehd; cWjpahf ek;GfpNwd;. Mdhy; rpWghd;ik kf;fSk;

,Uf;fpwhh;fs;. mth;fis ehk; vkJ kf;fshf elj;JfpNwhk;. ehq;fs; ,e;j ehl;bd; ngUk;ghd;ikapduhf

,Ug;gjhy; 75% > ehq;fs; xUNghJk; tpl;Lf; nfhLf;f khl;Nlhk; vd;gNjhL ,e;jf; ehl;ilf;

fhg;ghw;Wk; chpik vq;fSf;F ,Uf;fpwJ. … mth;fs; ,e;j ehl;bd; vq;fSld; toyhk;. Mdhy;

mth;fs; rpWghd;ikapdh; vd;w Nghh;itapy; mth;fSf;Fhpajy;yhjtw;iw Nfhuf; $lhJ.“

- nIduy; ruj; nghz;Nrf;fh> rpwpyq;fh ,uhZtj; jsgjp (brk;gh; 2005 – A+iy 2009) Nkw;Nfhs;

fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.

29


“ehq;fs; %d;W tUlq;fSf;F Kd;djhfNt rpWghd;ikapdh; vd;w thh;j;ijia vkJ

nrhw;fsQ;rpaj;jpypUe;J ePf;fp tpl;Nlhk.; jkpoh;fs;> K];ypk;fs;> gwq;fpah;> kyhah;fs;> kw;Wk; NtW

tif rpWghd;ikapdh; vd;W ,g;NghJ vtUk; ,y;iy. ,e;j ehl;bNy ,uz;L kf;fs; kl;Lk;jhd;

,Uf;fpwhh;fs.; xU kf;fs>; ,e;j ehl;il Nerpf;Fk; kf;fs;. rpwpa FOthd kw;iwa kf;fspy;

jq;fSila gpwe;j kz;zhd ,jd;kPJ ve;j md;Gk; ,y;yhjth;fs; mlq;Ffpwhh;fs;. jq;fs;

ehl;il Nerpf;fhj ,th;fs; fPo;gl;l FOthf ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;”

- rdhjpgjp k`pe;j uhIgf;\ > (2005 – 2009 Nk 19k; jpfjp epfo;e;j ghuhskd;w Muk;g epfo;tpd;

NghJ $wpajhf 2009 Nk 24k; jpfjp rd;Nl yPlhpy; Nkw;Nfhs; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.)

“gaq;futhjj;ij Kwpabj;j gpd; cyfpy; cs;s ve;j ehLk; gaq;futhjj;jpDila murpay;

Kd;dzpf;F nray;gl ,lk; tpl;Litg;gjpy;iy. ,t;thwhd murpay; Kd;dzpfisj; Njhw;fbf;f

mth;fs; rl;lhPjpahd murpay; hPjpahd eltbf;iffis vLj;Js;shh;fs;. Mdhy; rpwpyq;fh muR

mg;gbahd eltbf;if vijAk; j. Nj. $l;likg;Gf;F vjpuhf vLf;ftpy;iy. mjDila gpd;tpisTfs;

,g;NghJ khfhzrigj; Njh;jy;fspy; gpujpgypf;fg; gLfpd;wd. tlkhfhz Njh;jypNy j.Nj. $.

ngw;w murpay; ntw;wpia gad;gLj;jp NjrpahPjpahfTk; rh;tNjr hPjpahfTk; rpwpyq;fh muR> mjDila

kf;fs; kw;Wk; mjDila ,iwik Mfpatw;Wf;Fr; rthy;tpl mJ jahuhfpwnjdpd; jkpo; r%fKk;

mjDila vjph;fhyj; jiyKiwfSk; ee;jpf;fly;> flNyhpia kPz;Lk; jhprpf;f Ntz;bapUf;Fk;.”28

- njhopy;El;gk;> Ma;Tfs;> mZrf;jp mikr;rUk; [hjpfn`y cWka fl;rp jiytUkhd ghl;lhsp

rk;gpf;f wztf;f> j. Nj. $l;likg;gpd; Njh;jy; ntw;wpapd; gpd;Fwpg;gpl;lJ – 23nrg;nuk;gh; 2013.

5.1.4.3- FO- FO- FO- FO- FO

ghjpf;fg; gl;lth;fis xU Fwpg;gpl;l Njrpa hPjpahd kdpj,d hPjpahd> kugpdf;FO hPjpahd

my;yJ kjhPjpahd Fbj;njhifapdiu Nrh;e;jth;fs; vd;w tifapy; tifg;gLj;JtJ njhlh;ghf>

,e;jr; re;jh;g;gj;jpNy ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fs;> xU ,df;FOthd <oj;jopoh;fs; vd;W ,e;jj; jPh;g;ghak;

tiuaiw nra;fpwJ. ,e;j ,yf;F FOit> Fw;wr;rhl;by; Fwpg;gplg; gl;bUg;gJ Nghy; jkpo;

,df;FOtpd; xUgFjp vd tiuaiw nra;aNtz;Lkh my;yJ gpd;dh; jPh;khdpf;fg;gl;lJ Nghy;> xU

“,df;FOkk; vd;wtifapy; <oj; jkpoUf;F” vjpuhf ,dg;gLnfhiy epfo;j;jg;gl;ljh vd;W

fz;Lgpbg;gjh vd;gJ njhlh;ghf jPh;g;ghak; kpfmtjhdkhf fUj;jpnyLj;jJ.

rh;tNjr Fw;wtpay; jPh;g;ghaj;jpdhYk; rh;tNjr ePjpkd;wj;jpdhYk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l mfg;nghUs;

rhh; kw;Wk; Gwg;nghUs;rhh; mZFKiwfs; ,uz;bd;gbAk;> ghJfhf;fg;gLk; FOthdJ <oj;jkpoiu

xj;jjhf> epiyNgwhdjhfTk; epue;jukhdJk; xU nghJ Njrpa milahsj;ijf; nfhz;ljhfTk;

,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. GwNehf;F rhh;e;j mZFKiw: ,J ,g;gbahdJjhd; vd;W FOtpd; cWg;gpdh;fshYk;

czug;gl;lJ.( mfNehf;;F rhh;e;j mZFKiw jkpoh;fs; vd;w Rl;Lg;ngauhdJ jPtpDila

tlf;F fpof;fpy; thOk; jkpoiuNa Fwpf;fpwJ. <oj;jkpoh; milahskhdJ MAjg; Nghuhl;lj;jpw;F

Kd;ida fhyq;fspNyNa toq;fp tUfpwJ vd;gijf; ftdpg;gJ Kf;fpakhdjhFk.; gbg;gbahf

cUthfp te;j mJ mz;ikf; fhyq;fspy; Kidg;ghdjhf MfpaJ. cz;ikiaf; $wg;Nghdhy;>

jkpoh;fis jq;fs; kuGtop jhafq;fspy; Raep;h;za chpik gw;wp typAWj;Jtjw;F eph;g;ge;jpj;j

xLf;FKiwapd; ngWNgwhfNt mg;gb MfpaJ. <ok; vd;w thh;j;ijahdJ Kd;Dk; KOj;jPitAk;

28. ee;jpf;fly; flNyhp vd;gJ 2009 Nkapy; gilapdh; Nkw;nfhz;l ,Wjpj; jhf;Fjypd; fskhFk;. ,jd;NghJ Fbrhh;

kf;fisg; NghyNt j.tp. GypfSk; nfhy;yg;gl;ldh;.

30


Fwpf;f jkpoh;fshy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;L te;j mNj Ntis gpd;G mjpfhpj;j mstpy;> tpUk;gg;gl;l

Rje;jpukhd tlf;F fpof;fpd; gFjpfisAk; ,q;F tho;e;j kf;fisAk; Fwpf;fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLtjhf

MfpaJ.

,e;j jPh;g;ghaj;Jf;F Kd;itf;fg;gl;l Mtzq;fSk; rhl;rpaq;fSk; ,e;j ,d xopg;G hPjpahd

nrad;Kiwfspdhy; ghjpf;fg;gLgth;fshf> mjdJ Raep;h;za chpikia typAWj;Jtjd; %yk;

mjdJ $l;L milahsj;ij Ngz Kad;w xU FO ,Ug;gJ njspthfj; njhpfpwJ. I.ehtpDila

Kd;dhs; nrayhsh; ehafk; ghJfhg;G fTd;rpypd; jiytUf;F 1994 Nk 24Mk; jpfjp vOjpa

fbjj;jpy;> “ngah; Rl;lg;gl;l xU FOtpd; xU gFjpia my;yJ KOikahf mopg;gjw;fhd

cj;NjrNk ngUe;njhiffspy; gLnfhiy nra;Ak; Fw;wq;fs; kw;Wk; kdpj ,dj;jpw;F vjpuhd

Fw;wq;fis> ,dg;gLnfhiyahf Mf;FfpwJ. cld;ghl;bDila fUj;Jf;fSf;F> jdp egh;fSf;F

vjpuhd ,dg;gLnfhiyahf ,Ug;gjhapd; mit mth;fSila $l;lhz;ik my;yJ mth;fSila

vjpuhf> kuGf;$Wfs; my;yJ ,aYikfSf;F vjpuhf epfo;j;jg;glNtz;Lk;.”29

,NjNghyNt> kdpj ,dj;jpDila mikjp kw;Wk; ghJfhg;Gf;F vjpuhd Fw;wq;fs; njhlh;ghd

tpjpKiwfspd; tiuT njhlh;ghf rpwg;G ,zf;fg;ghl;lhsh; jdJ 04MtJ mwpf;ifapNy gpd;tUkhW

Fwpg;gpl;bUf;fpd;whh;.

“xU Njrpa FOthdJ mNefkhd re;jh;g;gq;fspNy gy;NtWg;gl;l gy ,df; FOkq;fis

cs;slf;fpajhf ,Uf;Fk;. vdNt xU ehL gw;wpa vz;zf;fUthdJ xU ,df; FOkj;Jld; kl;Lk;

njhlh;Ggl;ljhf ,Uf;fhJ. Mdhy; xd;whf tho;tjw;fhd nghJthd tpUg;gk; nghJthd ,yl;rpak;>

nghJthd ,yf;F kw;Wk; nghJthd mgpyhirfshy; vLj;Jf;fhl;lg;gLtjhf ,Uf;Fk;.”30

,e;j Fwpg;gpl;l ,dg;gLnfhiyapd; ,yf;fhf ,Ue;jJ> <oj;jkpo; Njrpaf; FOjhd; vd;gJ

njspthfj; njhpfpwJ. ,yf;fhf ,Ue;j ,e;j FOthdJ jkpo;FOit KOikahf

cs;slf;ftpy;iynadpDk; ,yf;F FOTf;Fs; ,Ue;jth;fs; nghJ tho;;it thOk; tpUg;gj;ij

ntspg;gLj;jpapUe;jNjhL nghJthd ,yl;rpaq;fs; ,yf;Ffs; kw;Wk; mgpyhirfisf; nfhz;bUe;jhh;fs;.

xU Njrpa rpWghz;ikapdh; vd;w tifapNy jkJ $l;Lg; gz;G ghJfhf;fg;glNtz;Lk; vd;W

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Mfptpl;lJ. xU $l;lhz;ik vd;w tifapy; mjd; GwnkhJf;fiyAk; Nkyhz;ikNahL ,Uf;fpd;w

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vd;gijAk; Ntz;bepw;gjhf ,e;j jiyikj;Jt rf;jp ,Ue;jJ.

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29. 5/1994/674> Nk24> 1994> ge;jp97.

30. A/CN.4/398> khh;r;11> 1986> ge;jp57.

31


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fhyq;fspNy> fhtypy; ,Uf;Fk; jkpo; Mz;fSf;F vjpuhfTk; Kuz;ghl;Lf;F gpd;dhd fhyg;gFjpfs;

cs;spl;l fhyg;gFjpfspNy> ty;YwT cs;spl;l Mdhy; mjw;F kl;Lg;gLj;jg; glhjjhd ghypay;

hPjpahd td;nray;fs; epfo;j;jg;gl;bUg;gjhd mwpf;iffisAk; Fwpg;gpl;bUf;fpwJ”33

,Nj KiwapNyNa %ba miwf;Fs;shd jPh;g;ghaj;jpd; mkh;TfspNy rkh;gpf;fg;gl;l mwpf;iffspy;

2009,w;F gpd;dhy; ,lk;ngw;w rpj;jputij rk;gtq;fs; Gifg;glq;fs; kw;Wk; rl;lhPjpahd rhd;Wfs;

%yk; ntspg;gLj;jg; gl;Ls;sd. rhd;Wfshf rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;l cz;ikfspd; xl;Lnkhj;j jd;ikahdJ>

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nfhs;sg; nfhs;sg;gLtjw;F mtrpakhdit vd;W rh;tNjr jPh;g;ghaq;fshy; eph;zapf;fg;gl;ltw;iw

jpUg;jp nra;gitahf ,Uf;fpd;wd.34

31. ICTY gpwhdpddpd;; tprhuiz jPh;g;G> 1 nrg;nuk;gh; 2004 ge;jp 688;;;; ];uhf;fpf;fpd; tprhuiz jPh;g;G> 13> A+iy 2003 ge;jp

514.

32. rh;tNjr ePjpkd;wk;(ICJ)> ,dg;gLnfhiyia jLj;jy; kw;Wk; mjw;fhd jz;lid njhlh;ghd rl;lq;fis gpuNahfpj;jy;

njhlh;ghd tof;F (ngh];dpah kw;Wk; n`h;n]Nfhtpdh vjph; Nrh;g;gpah kw;Wk; nkhz;hpePf;Nuh) 26 ngg;uthp 2007k; jpfjp

jPh;g;G ge;jp 319)

33. kdpj chpik fhg;gfk; (HRW) “ehq;fs; cq;fSf;F xU ghlk; Gfl;LNthk;.” kdpjchpik fhg;gfk;> <http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/srilanka0213webwcover_0.pdf> ,ypUe;J ngwg;gl;lJ

34. ICTY nghg;Nghtpr;FO> tprhuizj; jPh;g;G 10 A+d; 2010 (,jpypUe;J nghg;Nghtpr; FOtpdh;> ge;jp> 829)

32


gphpT 2C I Nkw;nfhs;tJ gw;wpaJ: xU FOtpd;kPJ> mjd; xU gFjpf;Nfh my;yJ mJ KOtJf;FNkh

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vd;W ICTR fUJfpwJ.36

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jPh;g;ghak; $wpapUf;fpwJ.37

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35. ICTR mffhNaR (tprhuizmiw> 2 nrg;nuk;gh; 1998> ge;jp 505-506)

36. ICTR fhapNkh kw;Wk; Wrpd;lhdh (tprhuiz miw)> 21 Nk 1999> ge;jp 115-116).

37. ICTR mffhNaR (tprhuizmiw ) 2nrg;nuk;gh; 1998> ge;jp> 506)

38. ,yq;ifapd; cau; ghJfhg;G tyaKk;> kPsf;FbNaWtjw;fhd cupikAk;> mjw;fhd ,og;gPLfSk;: jpUNfhzkiy

khtl;lj;jpy; xU tpla Ma;T. n[dPth> Rtpw;ru;yhe;J: tPl;Lupik kw;Wk; ntspNaw;Wiff;fhd epiyak; 2009. ,t;thwhd

Ma;Tfs; gthdp nghd;Nrfh kw;Wk; kpuhf; u`Pk; Nghd;wtu;fspdhy; jpUNfhzkiy cau; ghJfhg;G tyak; kw;Wk;

tpNrl nghUshjhu tyak; njhlu;ghf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L Mtzg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ: khw;Wf; nfhs;iffSf;fhd epiyak;

- nfhOk;G> nrg;nlk;gu; 2009.

33


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NkNy Fwpg;gplg;gl;l elj;ijahy; rhd;W fhl;lg;gl;L cWjpg;gLj;jg; gl;bUg;gJkhd rpwpyq;fh

murpd; nray; jpl;lkhd ,dxopg;G nray;Kiw njhlh;e;J nfhz;bUg;gijf; fhl;LfpwJ. ,dxopg;G

%Nyhghak; khwpapUf;fpwJ. gLnfhiyfs; NtW tbtj;jpyhd nraw;ghLfshf khw;wg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd.

Mdhy; <oj;jkpoh; FOTf;F fLikahd cly;> cshPjpahd jPq;Ffis tpistpg;gjd; %yk;

me;jf; FOitAk; mjDila milahsj;ijAk; mopf;Fk; cj;Njrk; ,d;dKk; ,Ug;gNjhL njhlh;e;J

nfhz;Lk; ,Uf;fpwJ.

39. tlf;F fpof;fpy; Ngh\hf;fpd;ik Fwpj;j mgha vr;rupf;if. jkpo;nel; 28. mf;Nlhgu;.2013 ,ypUe;J vLf;fg;gl;lJ.

<http://www.tamilnet.com/art.html?catid=13&artid=36777>

40. rhe;jdp fpupz;Nl. “xU Nghu; NghuhfNt” - rz;Nl iuk;]; (nfhOk;G [_d; 05> 2011 ,ypUe;J vLf;fg;gl;lJ. <http://sundaytimes.lk/110605/News/nws_20.html>

41. rl;lj;jpw;Fk; Nkyhd> r%fr; rpw;gpfs;: ,yq;ifapd; tlf;fpYs;s ngz;fspd; kfg;Ngw;W cupikfs; kPjhd

td;Kiwfs; ,ypUe;J vLf;fg;gl;lJ. <http://groundviews.org/2013/10/11/above-the-law-violations-of-womens-reproductive-rights-in-northern-sri-lanka/>

34


Kd;itf;fg;gl;l rhd;Wfspd; tYtpy;> rpwpyq;fh murhdJ <ok; jkpoUf;F vjpuhd ,dg;Kd;itf;fg;gl;l rhd;Wfspd; tYtpy;> rpwpyq;fh murhdJ <ok; jkpoUf;F vjpuhd ,dg;Kd;itf;fg;gl;l rhd;Wfspd; tYtpy;> rpwpyq;fh murhdJ <ok; jkpoUf;F vjpuhd ,dg;Kd;itf;fg;gl;l rhd;Wfspd; tYtpy;> rpwpyq;fh murhdJ <ok; jkpoUf;F vjpuhd ,dg;Kd;itf;fg;gl;l rhd;Wfspd; tYtpy;> rpwpyq;fh murhdJ <ok; jkpoUf;F vjpuhd ,dg;

gLnfhiy Fw;wthsp vd;Wk; ,e;j ,dg; gLnfhiyahdJ <oj; jkpoUf;nfjpuhd ,dg;gLnfhiy Fw;wthsp vd;Wk; ,e;j ,dg; gLnfhiyahdJ <oj; jkpoUf;nfjpuhd ,dg;gLnfhiy Fw;wthsp vd;Wk; ,e;j ,dg; gLnfhiyahdJ <oj; jkpoUf;nfjpuhd ,dg;gLnfhiy Fw;wthsp vd;Wk; ,e;j ,dg; gLnfhiyahdJ <oj; jkpoUf;nfjpuhd ,dg;gLnfhiy Fw;wthsp vd;Wk; ,e;j ,dg; gLnfhiyahdJ <oj; jkpoUf;nfjpuhd ,dg;

gLnfhiy nraw;ghLfSld; ,d;iwtiu njhlh;e;J nfhz;bUf;fpwJ vd jPh;g;ghak; xj;jpiag;ghdgLnfhiy nraw;ghLfSld; ,d;iwtiu njhlh;e;J nfhz;bUf;fpwJ vd jPh;g;ghak; xj;jpiag;ghdgLnfhiy nraw;ghLfSld; ,d;iwtiu njhlh;e;J nfhz;bUf;fpwJ vd jPh;g;ghak; xj;jpiag;ghdgLnfhiy nraw;ghLfSld; ,d;iwtiu njhlh;e;J nfhz;bUf;fpwJ vd jPh;g;ghak; xj;jpiag;ghdgLnfhiy nraw;ghLfSld; ,d;iwtiu njhlh;e;J nfhz;bUf;fpwJ vd jPh;g;ghak; xj;jpiag;ghd

jPh;g;ig vl;bapUf;fpwJ.jPh;g;ig vl;bapUf;fpwJ.jPh;g;ig vl;bapUf;fpwJ.jPh;g;ig vl;bapUf;fpwJ.jPh;g;ig vl;bapUf;fpwJ.

5.2) cle;ijahapUj;jy; vd;w Fw;wr;rhl;L5.2) cle;ijahapUj;jy; vd;w Fw;wr;rhl;L5.2) cle;ijahapUj;jy; vd;w Fw;wr;rhl;L5.2) cle;ijahapUj;jy; vd;w Fw;wr;rhl;L5.2) cle;ijahapUj;jy; vd;w Fw;wr;rhl;L

<oj; jkpoh;fSf;F vjpuhd ,dg;gLnfhiyf; Fw;wj;ij rpwpyq;fh muRk; mjDila MAjg;

gilfSk; Ghpe;jpUg;gjhfTk; ,dg;gLnfhiy nraw;ghLfs; njhlh;e;J nfhz;bUg;gjhfTk; jPh;g;ghak;

epu;zapj;Jf; nfhz;lijj; njhlh;e;J mjDila ftdj;ij rhl;lg;gl;l Fw;wr; rhl;Lfspy; vQ;rpapUf;Fk;

Fw;wr; rhl;Lfs; kPJ jpUg;GfpwJ. ,jpNy Nkw;gb Fw;wj;Jf;F cle;ijahapUe;jth; vd NtW %d;W

ehLfs; (If;fpa ,uhr;rpak;> mnkhpf;fh kw;Wk; ,e;jpah) kPJ Fw;wk; Rkj;jg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.

,e;j Fwpg;gpl;l Fw;wr; rhl;Lfs; gw;wpf; fUj;jpnyLf;Fk; Kd;djhf> ,t;thwhd eph;zak; xd;iwr;

nra;tjw;F Kd;djhf xU ehl;bDila cle;ijahapUj;jiy eph;zapg;gjw;F vd;ndd;d nghJthd

epge;jidfs; G+h;j;jp nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gijf; fUj;jpnyLj;jJld;> ,e;j epge;jidfs; rh;tNjr

Fw;wtpay; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; xU jdpeghpd; cle;ijahapUj;jiy eph;zapg;gjw;fhd epge;jidfis

xj;jjhapUf;fhJ vd;gijAk; epidtpy; nfhz;lJ.

,dg;gLnfhiy cld;ghl;Lila gFjp III ge;jp e Md “,dg;gLnfhiyf;F cle;ijahapUj;jy;”

,d; fPo; xU muR cle;ijahapUe;jij eph;zapf;f mtrpakhd epge;jidfs; gw;wp jPh;g;;ghak;

fUj;jpnyLj;J> rh;tNjr rl;lj;jpd; fPo; Neubahd nghUj;jg;ghL nfhz;l xNunahU rl;ltpay;

hPjpahd Nfhl;ghlhf 2007 ngg;uthpapy; rh;tNjr ePjpkd;wk; toq;fpa (ngh];dpah n`hn;]Nfhtpdh

-vjph;- Nrh;g;gpah- nkhz;hpePf;Nwh) jPh;g;G ,Uf;fpwJ. ,j;jPh;g;gpNy ePjpkd;W gpd;tUkhW $wpapUe;jJ:

“nghJ cld;ghl;bDila gFjp IIIge;jp(e) ,d; fUj;jpd;gb> Fw;wj;ij epfo;Jtij ,aYkhdgb

my;yJ mjw;F trjpfis Vw;gLj;Jtjw;fhd topfis Vw;ghL nra;J jUtijAk; cs;slf;FfpwJ

vd;gjpy; ve;j re;NjfKk; ,y;iy. me;j tifapNy ,e;j mk;rj;jpd; kPJjhd; ePjpkd;W ftdk;

nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;> ,J njhlh;gpNy “cle;ijahapUj;jy;” ; vd;w tifapyhd tplakhdJ rh;tNjr

nghWg;Gf; $Wk; rl;lj;jpDila epfo;fhy gjg;gpuNahfq;fspNy ,Uf;fpd;w epajpahf ,y;yhtpl;lhYk;

xU ehl;Lf;F vjpuhf jtwhd nraw;ghl;il Nkw;nfhs;s ,d;ndhU ehL toq;Fk; cjtp my;yJ

xj;jhir njhlh;gpyhd rh;tNjr nghWg;Gf; $Wk; kuGtop rl;lj;ij cUthf;Fk; tpjpfspy; fhzg;gLtij

xj;jjhf mJ ,Ug;gijf; ftdpg;gJ ngWkjpahdjhFk;” (ge;jp 419)

,J njhlh;ghf (rh;tNjr rl;l Mizf;FOtpd; muRfspd; nghWg;G njhlh;ghd kuGtop tpjp

xd;iwg; gpujpgypf;fpd;wjhd gphpT 16I ,w;Nf Fwpg;gpl;lhf Ntz;Lk; ,q;Nf tpjp gpd;tUkhW

njhptpf;fpd;wJ.

“gphpT 16gphpT 16gphpT 16gphpT 16gphpT 16

rh;tNjr hPjpahf jtwhd nraw;ghL xd;iw epfo;j;Jtjw;F cjtp my;yJ xj;jhir toq;Fjy;

rh;tNjr hPjpahf jtwhd xU nraw;ghl;il xU muR epfo;j;j mt;tuRf;F cjtp my;yJ xj;jhir

toq;Fk; xU muR gpd;tUk; epge;jidfSf;F cl;gl;L mf;Fw;wj;Jf;F nghWg;ghf ,Uf;Fk;:

m) rh;tNjr hPjpahf jtwhd nraw;ghl;bd; #o;epiyfis mwpe;jpUf;Fk; epiyapy; mjid nra;jy;.

35


M) me;j murpdhy; mr;nraw;ghL epfo;j;jg; gl;lhy; mJ rh;tNjr hPjpahf jtwhdjhf ,Uf;Fk;.”

jPh;g;ghaj;Jf;F jdpegh;fs; Nky; Fw;wk; rhl;lKbahJ vd;gNjhL NkNy $wg;gl;lJ Nghy; rh;tNjr

Fw;wtpay; rl;lq;fspd; fPo; cle;ijahapUg;gjw;fhd jdpg;gl;l nghWg;ig eph;zapg;gjw;fhd Njitfs;

xUtifapy; NtW gl;litahf ,Ug;gNjhL cle;ijahapUj;jy; ve;j tbtq;fis vLf;fyhk;

vd;gJ gw;wp rh;tNjr Fw;wtpay; ePjpkd;wq;fspd; Kd;ida eph;zaq;fis vLj;J Nehf;FtJ

mwpT+l;Ltjhf mikayhk;. Fwpg;ghf mf;fhNaRtpy; ,lk; ngw;w Wthz;lhTf;fhd rh;tNjr Fw;wtpay;

ePjpkd;wpDila tprhuiz kz;lgj;jpdh; ,dg;gLnfhiy vLf;ff;$banjd eph;zak; nra;jpUf;Fk;

%d;W tbtq;fisr; Rl;bf; fhl;l tpUk;GfpNwhk;.

“,dg;gLnfhiyia epfo;j;Jtjw;fhd MAjq;fs; kw;Wk; fUtpfs; my;yJ NtW tifapd

Nghd;w Jizg; nghUl;fis nfhs;tdT nra;tjw;F cle;ijahapUj;jy; ,e;jg; nghUl;fs;

mt;thwhd NjitfSf;F gad;gLj;jg;glg;;Nghfpd;wd vd;gij cle;ijahapUg;gth; mwpe;jpUj;jy;;

“….xU ,dg;gLnfhiyia epfo;j;jg; NghfpwtUf;F ,dg;gLnfhiyiaj; jpl;lkpLjy; my;yJ

mJ njhlh;ghd nraw;ghLfSf;F mitgw;wp mwpe;J nfhz;Nl cjTjy; my;yJ xj;jhir

toq;Fjy;….J}z;Ljy; %yk; cle;ijahapUj;jy;;

“xUth; ,dg;gLnfhiy Fw;wk; vd;w Fw;wk; (mth; $wpapUg;gJ NghyNt) Ghptjpy; Neubahf

gq;F gw;whtpl;lhYk;> ghpRfs;> thf;FWjpfs;> mr;RWj;jy;> mjpfhuj; J\;gpuNahfk;> rjp> Fw;wk;

rhl;lf;$ba #o;r;rp Mfpait %yk; ,dg;gLnfhiy epfo;j;j mwpTWj;jy; tpLj;jy; my;yJ

Neubahf J}z;btpl;likf;fhf xUth; jz;bf;fg;gl KbAk;. (ge;jp 536> Kidg;Gg; gLj;jy;

Nrh;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.)

,e;j Muk;gf; Fwpg;GfspNy fUj;jpnyLf;fg;gl Ntz;ba NkYk; xU nghJthd tplakhf cj;Njrk;

,Uf;fpwJ.

ngh];dpah – n`h;]Nfhtpdh -vjph;- Nrh;g;gpah – nkhz;hpePf;Nuh tof;fpNy rh;tNjr

ePjpkd;wk;nra;jpUf;Fk; eph;zak; xd;wpNy ,dg;gLnfhiy epfo;e;jpUe;jhy>; Kjy;epiy Fw;wthspapd;

Fwpg;ghd cj;Njrk; (dolus specialis) gw;wp Fwpj;j muR mwpe;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ Nkyjpfkhd

xU Njitahf ,Uf;fpwJ :

…,dg;gLnfhiy vd;w Fw;wj;ij epfo;j;Jk; xUtUf;F cjtp my;yJ xj;jhir toq;Fk; xU

mq;fk; my;yJ eghpd; elj;ijahdJ> Mff;Fiwe;jJ mwpe;Nj mt;thW nraw;gl;bUe;jhnyhopa>

mjhtJ> Fwpg;ghf Kjy; epiy Fw;wthspapDila Fwpg;ghd cj;Njrk; ( dolus specialis) gw;wp

mwpe;jpUe;jhnyhopa ,dg;gLnfhiyf;F cle;ijaha; ,Uj;jy; vd;W fUjg;glKbahJ. ,e;j

epge;jid G+h;j;jp nra;ag;glh tpl;lhy; cle;ijahapUj;jy; vd;w tifg;gLj;jypy; ,Ue;J ePf;fp

tpLtjw;F mJ NghJkhdjhFk;.(ge;jp 421).

,e;j Muk;g mtjhdpg;Gfis njhptpj;jij njhlh;e;J ,e;jj; jPh;g;ghakhdJ> %d;W muRfSf;Fk;

vjpuhf Rkj;jg;gl;Ls;s Fw;wr; rhl;Lfis Muhag; NghfpwJ. mj;Jld; NtW VjhtJ muRfSk;

<oj;jkpoh;fSf;F vjpuhf rpwpyq;fh muRk; mjd; MAjg;gilfSk; epfo;j;jpapUf;Fk; ,dg;gLnfhiyf;

Fw;wj;jpw;F cle;ijaha; ,Uf;fpwhh;fsh vd;gJld; my;yJ ,d;Wtiuf;Fk; cle;ijaha;

,Uf;fpwhh;fsh vd;gJ gw;wpAk; Muhag; NghfpwJ.

5.2.1. gphpj;jhdpa muR cle;ijahapUe;jJ vd;W $wg;gLjy;.5.2.1. gphpj;jhdpa muR cle;ijahapUe;jJ vd;W $wg;gLjy;.5.2.1. gphpj;jhdpa muR cle;ijahapUe;jJ vd;W $wg;gLjy;.5.2.1. gphpj;jhdpa muR cle;ijahapUe;jJ vd;W $wg;gLjy;.5.2.1. gphpj;jhdpa muR cle;ijahapUe;jJ vd;W $wg;gLjy;.

gphpj;jhdpa murhdJ> 1976k; Mz;by;> j.tp.Gypfs; cUthFtjw;F ePz;lfhyk; Kd;djhf tpUe;J>

2009 Nkapy; tpLjiyg; GypfSf;F vjpuhd rpwpyq;fh murpDila gy jrhg;j fhyg;Nghhpd;

36


,Wjpf;fl;lk; tiu> <oj;jkpo; kf;fSf;F vjpuhd ,dg;gLnfhiyf; Fw;wj;Jf;F cle;ijahapUf;fpwJ

vd;gjw;fhd MtzhPjpahd rhd;Wfs; kw;Wk; rhl;rpaq;fs; jPh;g;ghaj;Jf;Fr; rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd.

jPh;g;ghaj;Jf;F rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; nghUs; hPjpahd rhd;Wfspd; mbg;gilapy;> gphpj;jhdpa murhdJ>

mf;fhNaRtpy; ,lk;ngw;w> tprhuiz kd;wk; nra;j eph;zaq;fshy; Fwpg;gplg;gLk; cle;ijahapUj;jypd;

%d;W njspthd tbtq;fspy; ,uz;by;> rpwg;ghf> “Jizg;nghUs; nfhs;tdTf;F cle;ijahapUj;jy;

……” kw;Wk; “,dg;gLnfhiy njhlh;ghd jpl;lkply; kw;Wk; ,aYikaspj;jypy; mf;Fw;wj;ij

Ghpe;jtUf;F njhpe;J nfhz;Nl cle;ijahapUj;jy; …” Kjypatw;wpy; Fw;wthspahf ,Uf;fpwJ

vd;Nw Njhd;WfpwJ.

1971 Vg;uy; mstpyhd Kw;fhyg; gFjpapNyNa mg;NghJ ,yq;if vd miof;fg;gl;l rpwpyq;fhtpNy>

,Uf;ff;$ba ve;j xU fpsh;r;rpahsh;fisAk; “xopj;Jf; fl;Ltjpy;” nfhOk;G nfhz;bUe;j

“cWjpg;ghl;il” KOikahf czh;e;J nfhz;bUe;jij gphpj;jhdpa muR ntspf; fhl;bapUe;jJ.

rpwpyq;fhTf;F ( mg;NghJ ,yq;if) MAjq;fs; tpw;gid nra;jjd; nghUj;jg; ghl;il gw;wp kf;fs;

mitapNy vOg;gg;gl;l Neubr; rthYf;F gjpyspj;j ntspAwTr; nrayh>; mnyf; lf;s]; N`hk;

(nfhOk;Gf;Fk; kf;fs; tpLjiy Kd;dzpf;Fk; ,ilNa) kj;jpa];jk; vjw;Fk; rpwpyq;fh muR

Nfhutpy;iy vd;Wk; mth;fshy; Kbe;jhy; ,e;j mjpjPtpu thj fpsh;r;rpahsh;fis jq;fs; ehl;by;

xopj;Jf; fl;l cWjp G+z;bUf;fpd;wdH vd;W typAwj;jpAWj;jpdhh;.42

mLj;j ehs>; uhk; lhy;nay; gh.c.> ntspAwTr; nrayUf;F mDg;gp itj;j fbjk; xd;wpy;>

“,yq;if muR ‘kj;jpa];jk; Njitapy;iy’ vd;w epiyg;ghl;il vLg;gJ ey;y tplak;jhd.; ehq;fs;

cyq;FthD}h;jpfis mth;fSf;F fpilf;Fk;gb nra;jhy;> ,t;thwhd GwnkhJf;fiy ehk; Vd;

nghWj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;W vdf;Fg; Ghpatpy;iy. ePq;fs; gad;gLj;jpa ‘xopj;Jf; fl;Ljy’ ;

vd;w gjj;Jf;F mh;j;jk; vd;d? gphpj;jhdpa MAjq;fshy; vtiuAk;> mjpjPtputhj fpsh;r;rpahsh;fisf;

$l> xopj;Jf; fl;Ltjw;F ,dpNky; Mjutspg;gjw;F Kd;dhy; ,itgw;wp gy tplaq;fs; vkf;F

njhpe;jhf Ntz;Lk;.” vd;W vOjpapUe;jhH.

,Nj ehsd;W> gphpj;jhdpa ntsptptfhu kw;Wk; nghJeytha mYtyf njd; Mrpa gphptpd;

jiyth;> KJepiy Fbrhh; mjpfhhpfSf;F mDg;gp itj;j fbjnkhd;wpNy> ,yq;if muRf;F

gphpj;jhdpa MAjq;fis toq;fpajd; gpd;dhy; ,Ue;j murpDila %Nyhgha hPjpahd mbg;gilf;

Nfhl;ghL gw;wp gpd;tUkhW tpsf;fpapUe;jhh;:

“gphpj;jhdpa th;j;jf eyd;fs; kw;Wk; murpay; %Nyhgha eyd;fs; ,uz;bdJk; Nfhzj;jpypUe;J

ghh;f;Fk; NghJ jpU. kf;fpd; nuh\; (nfhOk;gpYs;s gphpj;jhdpa cah; ];jhdpfh;) MNyhrid

toq;FtJ Nghy;> vq;fshy; Kbe;j mstpYk;> ,yq;iff;F cz;ikahfNt Njitg;gLtJ vd

ehk; fUJtJkhd MAjq;fs; kw;Wk; cgfuzq;fis toq;Ftij njhlh;tjd; %yk; nghJthfNt

xU cjtpfukhdJk; mDjhg ,ay;gpdJkhd epiyg;ghl;il NgZtjw;F Kaw;rp nra;tNj

rhpahd nraw;ghl;L KiwahFk;”.43

tuyhw;W hPjpahfTk;> 2009 Nkapy; ,lk; ngw;w jkpoUf;F vjpuhd Nghhpd; ,Wjpf;fl;lk; tiuf;Fk;

kw;Wk; ,d;W tiuf;Fk; ahh; nfhOk;gpy; mjpfhuj;jpy; ,Ue;jhnyd;d> ntspaf epfo;TUthf;fq;fs;

vg;gbahditahf ,Ue;jhnyd;d> rpwpyq;fh njhlh;ghd gphpj;jhdpahtpd; nfhs;ifahdJ> mjDila

42. `hd;]hl; vr;. gp. nlg;> 26 Vg; 1971> njhFjp 816> CC33-4

43. gphpj;jhdpa Njrpa Mtzf;fhg;gfk; FCO37/787

37


cs;ehl;L tptfhuq;fs; cs;spl;ljhf gphpj;jhdpa %Nyhgha kw;Wk; th;j;jf hPjpahd eyd;fis

tplhg;gpbahf Kd;ndLg;gij gw;Wf; Nfhlhff; nfhz;ljhfNt ,Ue;jJ. rpq;fs xw;iwahl;rpf;F

mr;RWj;jyhf ,Ug;gth;fs; rpq;fs re;jh;g;g thjpfshf ,Ue;jhnyd;d> Raeph;zak; NjLk; jkpoh;fshf

,Ue;jhnyd;d> mth;fisg; nghWj;jtiuapyhd nfhOk;gpd; epiyg;ghlhf “xopj;Jf; fl;LjNy”

,Uf;fpwJ vd;W mwpe;jpUe;jJ cl;gl vJTNk gphpj;jhdpa nfhs;ifia khw;wptpltpy;iy.

,yq;if Rje;jpukile;j ehSf;F Ke;jpa ehspNy> thd;gil Mszpapdh; jiyth;> ika mur

nghJ Mszpapdh; jiyth; kw;Wk; flw;gil Mszpapdh; cgjiyth; MfpNahuhy; cUthf;fg;

gl;lJk; “kpfkpf ,ufrpak; vd milahsk; ,lg;gl;lJkhd xU Mtzk; gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;ghf

vr;rhpj;jpUe;jJ :

“cs;sfg; ghJfhg;Gf;F ,yq;if muR nghWg;ghf ,Uf;f Ntz;LnkdpDk; jw;Nghija #o;epiyapd;

epfo;itf; fl;Lg;gLj;JtjhdJ mjDila ,aYikf;F mg;ghw;gl;ljhf ,Ug;gNjhL> vkJ

ghJfhg;G eyd;fSk; mr;RWj;jYf;Fl;gl;bUg;gjhy>; vkJ eyd;fisg; ghJfhf;fntd gilfs;

<LgLj;jp Njitahd eltbf;iffis vLg;gjw;fhd chpikia vkJ trk; itj;Jf;

nfhs;sNtz;Lk;”.44

,yq;if my;yJ rpwpyq;fhtpyhd> gphpl;ldJ Kjy;epiy %Nyhgha eyd; vd;gJ> Nwhay; flw;gilf;F

kpf Kf;fpakhd Mo;fly; JiwKfkhd jpUNfhzkiyia vl;Ltij cWjp nra;tNjhL njhlh;G

gl;ljhfNt vg;NghJk; ,Ue;Js;sJ. 1956 xf;Nuhgh; 29k; jpfjp gphpj;jhdpa-gpnuQ;R-,];Nuypa gilapdh;

R+a]; fhy;thia Mf;fpukpj;jij njhlh;e;J te;j ehl;fspNy> yz;lDk; nfhOk;Gk; ,yq;ifapypUe;J

Nwhay; flw;gilapd; trjpfis kPsg;ngWtJ gw;wpa Ngr;R thh;j;ijfspy; <Lgl;bUe;jd. me;j

NtisapNy gphpj;jhdpa flw;gilj; jiyikafk;> nghJeytha cwTfs; nrayfj;Jf;F gpd;tUkhW

fbjk; vOjpapUe;jJ>

“(vfpg;Jldhd) gifikfs; njhlq;fpagpd; vhpnghUs; epug;Gjy; ntbnghUs; Vw;Wjy; kw;Wk;

fsQ;rpag; gLj;jy; Kjypatw;Wf;F jpUNfhzkiyj; JiwKfj;ijg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;F kWg;G

njhptpg;gnjd;gJ flw;gilapd; Nehf;fpNy Vw;Wf;nfhs;sj; jf;fjy;y vd;W typAWj;jTk;. ehk;

rpq;fg;G+hpypUe;J ehrfhhpfSf;F tYT+l;Lk; fyq;fis nfhz;L tuf;$Lk.; jpUNfhz kiyapy;

vhpnghUis kPs; epug;gy; nra;ahky; mtw;why; Vlid vl;l KbahJ.45

kPz;Lk; 1971k; Mz;by; mikr;ruit kw;Wk; ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; fly; fle;j nfhs;ifr; nraw;FOTf;fhd

ntspAwTr; nrayh>; gphpj;jhdpahtpd; eyd;fisg; nghWj;jtiu rpwpyq;fh vt;tsT mjpAah;

Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;jJ vd;gij gpd;tUk; gjq;fshy; typAWj;jpapUe;jhh;.

“,e;J rKj;jpu fg;gw; Nghf;Ftuj;J ghijfisg; nghWj;jtiu> vkf;F tpNuhjkhd rf;jpfs;>

,yq;ifapy; cs;s jsq;fisg; gad;gLj;j tplf;$lhJ vd;gNj vk; tpUg;gkhFk;. vdNt>,yq;if

njhlHghd vkJ vjpHfhy nfhs;iffis tFf;Fk;nghOJ> nray;Kidg;ghd KiwapNy vk;NkhL

tpNuhjk; ghuhl;lf;$ba ,yq;iff;fhf nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;ba tpiy Fwpj;Jk; ehk; fUj;jpnyLf;f

Ntz;Lk;. ,e;jpa cgfz;lj;jpd; epiy Ngw;Wj; jd;ikkPJk; ,e;J rKj;jpu fg;gw; Nghf;Ftuj;J

ghijfspd; ghJfhg;gpd; kPJk; mJ Vw;gLj;jf;$ba tpisTfspd; mbg;gilapy; nrhy;tjhdhy;>

Kf;fpakhd gphpj;jhdpa eyd;fSf;F ghjpg;ig tpistpg;gjhf ,J ,Uf;fyhk;. vdNt ,yq;if

44. mikr;ruitf;nfd jahhpf;fg;gl;l Mtzk>; 9 A+d; 1947> kpfkpf ,ufrpak; vd milahsk; ,lg;gl;lJ> crhj;Jiz

CP (47) 179. <http://www.tamilnet.com/img/publish/2013/12/1947_06_09-CAB:129:19.pdf>

45. Njrpa Mtzf;fhg;gfk; UK, DO 35/6571

38


muRld; xU jpUg;jpfukhd ,Ujug;G-cwTfis vk;khy; Kbe;j msTf;F NgzNtz;Lk; vd;gNj

vd; KbthFk;.”46

nfhOk;Gld; “xU jpUg;jpfukhd ,Ujug;G cwTfisg; NgZtJ” vd;gJ> gphpj;jhdpa kj;jpa

muRf;F cjTtjhf> Fwpg;ghf> ika rpq;fs ngsj;j xw;iwahl;rp muRf;F vw;glf;$ba ve;j xU

mr;RWj;jiyAk; mopj;njhopf;Fk;> rpwpyq;fh MAjg;gilfspd>; gyuwpe;j gzpf;F cjTtJ mikAk;.

1983,y; GypfspDila MAjk; jhq;fpa vjph;g;gpaf;fk; jkpo; kf;fspilNa kpFe;j Mjuitg;

ngw;wNghJ> rpwpyq;fh nghyp]; gilapdh;> “fpsh;r;rp Kwpabg;Gf;fhd Jizg;gil (gapw;rp)” kw;Wk;

“fkhz;Nlh eltbf;iffs; gapw;rp” mlq;fyhd 16 Jiwfspy; gapw;rp toq;Fk;gb If;fpa ,uhr;rpaj;ij

Nfl;Lf; nfhz;ldH.

gphpj;jhdpa ntspAwT kw;Wk; nghJeytha mYtyfk;> (FCO) “ ,e;j gapw;rp newpfspy; rpwpyq;fh

muRf;F vq;fshy; Kbe;j msTf;F (fhykwpe;J) cjTk; tpUg;gk; ,Uf;fpwJ vd;W gjpyDg;gpaJ.47

rpwpyq;fh nghypRf;fhd If;fpa ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; cjtpfs;(1983 )vdg; ngahpl;l FCO ,d; Nfhitapd;gb

,uz;L KJepiy nghyp]; mjpfhhpfshd> KJepiy gpujp nghyp]; khmjpgh; vr;. lgps;A+.vr;.tPurpq;fTk;

cjtp mj;jpal;rfh; Nf.v];.gjptpw;uTk; “fpsh;r;rp Kwpabg;gpy; nghypRk; ,uhZtKk; tfpf;Fk; gq;F

gw;wp Neubahf fz;L nfhs;tjw;nfd” 1983 A+dpy; ngy;gh];w;Uf;F Ma;T gazk; xd;iw

Nkw;nfhz;lhH;fs;.48 ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf> gaq;futhj Kwpabg;G Kiwfs; kw;Wk; If;fpa ,uhr;rpaj;jpy;

epiy nfhz;L rpwpyq;fhtpy; jdpehL xd;iwf; Nfhhp Nghuhl;lq;fis elj;Jk; mikg;Gfs; Mfpait

gw;wp njhpe;J nfhs;tjw;nfd> rpwg;G gphpT (efug; nghyp]; yz;ld;) f;F nry;tjw;fhd mDkjpiaAk;

,e;j mjpfhhpfs; Nfhhpdhh;fs;.49 mth;fSila tUifapd; NghJ> mth;fs; Nwhay; cy;];uh;

nghyp]; gphptpd; Ihp\; FbauR ,uhZtj;Jf;F vjpuhd eltbf;iffis mth;fs; mtjhdpj;jNjhL

,e;j tUifahdJ jkpoh;fSf;F vjpuhd fWg;G A+iy gLnfhiyfs; epfo;tjw;F xU khjk;

Kd;djhf ,lk;ngw;wpUe;jJ. Kuz;ghLfs; mjpfhpg;gpy;> Kf;fpa jpUg;GKidahf ,e;j fWg;G

A+iy epfo;Tfs; ,Ue;jjhfg; gutyhff; fUjg;gLfpwJ.

rpwpyq;fh nghyp]; tpNrl mjpubg; gilapd; cj;jpNahf G+h;t ,izaj;jskhdJ> gphpj;jhdpa muR

Kftuikg;Gfs; Neubahf <Lgl;ljw;F Nkyjpfkhf> If;fpa ,uhr;rpaj;jpy; ,Uf;fpwJk; gphpj;jhdpa

SAS ,d; (tpNrl thd;Nritfs;) –Kd;dhs; mjpfhhpfis cs;slf;fpaJkhd fpdpkpdp Nrit”

(KMS) vd mwpag;gl;l xUepWtdk;> tpNrl mjpubg; gilapd; mjpfhhpfSf;Fg; gapw;rpfis toq;fpaJ

vd gjpNtw;wk; nra;jpUf;fpwJ. fw;gpf;fg;gl;l tplaq;fspNy> fyfk; mlf;Fk; gilapduhy;

iff;nfhs;sg;gLk; je;jpNuhghaq;fs;> MAjg;gapw;rp> R+l;Lg;gapw;rpfs;> gaq;futhj Kwpabg;G NjLjy;fs>;

ntbnghUl;fis ifahSjy;> tiuglg; gapw;rp> jpirfhl;b cgfuzq;fs; kw;Wk; KjYjtp Kjypait

mlq;fpapUe;jd. mj;Jld; cyfg;Gfo;ngw;w mnkhpf;f cw;gj;jp vk;16 jhdpaq;fpj; Jg;ghf;fpAk;

mwpKfg;gLj;jg; gl;lJ. ,J> rh;tNjr hPjpahf Gfo;ngWk; rpwg;G giltPuh;fSf;F toq;fg;gLk;

gr;ir ngNu (Green Beret - gr;ir njhg;gp) f;fSf;F chpj;Jilath;fshf tpNrl mjpubg;gilapdiu

Mf;fpaJ.50

46. Njrpa Mtzf;fhg;gfk; FCO37/790

47. rpwpyq;fh nghypRf;fhd I . ,uhr;rpak; cjtpfs;. <https://www.dropbox.com/s/2ar7uqfg4bewei0/UK-assistance-to-Sri-Lankan-Police_1983.pdf> FSC 382/1> ,ufrpak;>

48. NkNy cs;sJ Nghy;


50. tpNrl mjpubg;gilapd; tuyhW: <http://www.police.lk/index.php/special-task-force->

39


rpwpyq;fh murhq;fk;> GypfSf;F vjpuhf mjdJ ghJfhg;G> gilj;Jiw> Gydha;T kw;Wk; nghyp];

,aYikfs; Kjypatw;iw fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhd Kaw;rpfSf;F gphpl;ld; toq;fpa xj;jhirahdJ>

<oj;jkpoh;fSf;F vjpuhd Nghhpd;> 2009 Nkapy; ,lk;ngw;w ,Wjpf; fl;lq;fs; tiu njhlh;e;jJ. FCO

,Dila nrhe;j gjpTfspd;gb> “2006 Vg;uypy; rpwpyq;fh murhq;fk; cah;ghJfhg;G (ghJfhg;G

mikr;R)> Kfhikj;Jtk;> ghJfhg;G nfhs;if cUthf;fk; Gydha;T> nghyp]; gzpfs; Kjypa

tplag;gug;Gfspy; ghJfhg;G Jiw cUkhw;wj;jpy; I.,uhr;rpaj;jpd; cjtpia kunghOq;fpd;gb

NfhhpaJ.51 jkpoh;fSf;F vjpuhd nfhOk;gpd; NghhpDila ,Wjpf; fl;lq;fSf;F xU tUlk;

Kd;duhf> gphpj;jhdpahtpYs;s Nwhay; flw;gilapdh;> rdhjpgjp k`pe;j uh[gf;\htpd; kfd;fspy;

xUtUf;F gapw;rpfis mspj;Jf;nfhz;bUe;jJ.52

<oj;; jkpoh;fSila MAjg; Nghuhl;lj;jpd; NghJk;> mJ xLf;fg;gl;l NghJkhd <oj;jkpoh;fSf;F<oj;; jkpoh;fSila MAjg; Nghuhl;lj;jpd; NghJk;> mJ xLf;fg;gl;l NghJkhd <oj;jkpoh;fSf;F<oj;; jkpoh;fSila MAjg; Nghuhl;lj;jpd; NghJk;> mJ xLf;fg;gl;l NghJkhd <oj;jkpoh;fSf;F<oj;; jkpoh;fSila MAjg; Nghuhl;lj;jpd; NghJk;> mJ xLf;fg;gl;l NghJkhd <oj;jkpoh;fSf;F<oj;; jkpoh;fSila MAjg; Nghuhl;lj;jpd; NghJk;> mJ xLf;fg;gl;l NghJkhd <oj;jkpoh;fSf;F

vjpuhd ,dg;gLnfhiyfSf;F I. ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; cle;ijahapUg;ghdJ ntspg;gilahdjhfTk;vjpuhd ,dg;gLnfhiyfSf;F I. ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; cle;ijahapUg;ghdJ ntspg;gilahdjhfTk;vjpuhd ,dg;gLnfhiyfSf;F I. ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; cle;ijahapUg;ghdJ ntspg;gilahdjhfTk;vjpuhd ,dg;gLnfhiyfSf;F I. ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; cle;ijahapUg;ghdJ ntspg;gilahdjhfTk;vjpuhd ,dg;gLnfhiyfSf;F I. ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; cle;ijahapUg;ghdJ ntspg;gilahdjhfTk;

Iaj;Jf;F ,lkw;wjhfTk;> muR nghWg;Gilik njhlh;ghd rh;tNjr rl;l Mizf; FOtpd>;Iaj;Jf;F ,lkw;wjhfTk;> muR nghWg;Gilik njhlh;ghd rh;tNjr rl;l Mizf; FOtpd>;Iaj;Jf;F ,lkw;wjhfTk;> muR nghWg;Gilik njhlh;ghd rh;tNjr rl;l Mizf; FOtpd>;Iaj;Jf;F ,lkw;wjhfTk;> muR nghWg;Gilik njhlh;ghd rh;tNjr rl;l Mizf; FOtpd>;Iaj;Jf;F ,lkw;wjhfTk;> muR nghWg;Gilik njhlh;ghd rh;tNjr rl;l Mizf; FOtpd>;

muR xd;wpd; nghWg;G njhlHghd gphpTf;F fPohd 16tJ ruj;jpd; fPo;> muR xd;wpd; nghWg;G njhlHghd gphpTf;F fPohd 16tJ ruj;jpd; fPo;> muR xd;wpd; nghWg;G njhlHghd gphpTf;F fPohd 16tJ ruj;jpd; fPo;> muR xd;wpd; nghWg;G njhlHghd gphpTf;F fPohd 16tJ ruj;jpd; fPo;> muR xd;wpd; nghWg;G njhlHghd gphpTf;F fPohd 16tJ ruj;jpd; fPo;> “xU muR jtwhdxU muR jtwhdxU muR jtwhdxU muR jtwhdxU muR jtwhd

nraw;ghl;il Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F ,d;ndhU muR nraw;ghl;il Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F ,d;ndhU muR nraw;ghl;il Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F ,d;ndhU muR nraw;ghl;il Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F ,d;ndhU muR nraw;ghl;il Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F ,d;ndhU muR ‘cjtpAk; xj;jhirAk;cjtpAk; xj;jhirAk;cjtpAk; xj;jhirAk;cjtpAk; xj;jhirAk;cjtpAk; xj;jhirAk;’ toq;Fjy; toq;Fjy; toq;Fjy; toq;Fjy; toq;Fjy;” ,w;F ,w;F ,w;F ,w;F ,w;F

jFjp ngWtjhfTk; ,Ug;gjhf jPh;g;ghak;fz;L nfhz;lJ.jFjp ngWtjhfTk; ,Ug;gjhf jPh;g;ghak;fz;L nfhz;lJ.jFjp ngWtjhfTk; ,Ug;gjhf jPh;g;ghak;fz;L nfhz;lJ.jFjp ngWtjhfTk; ,Ug;gjhf jPh;g;ghak;fz;L nfhz;lJ.jFjp ngWtjhfTk; ,Ug;gjhf jPh;g;ghak;fz;L nfhz;lJ.5353535353 NkYk; 2009 ,y; ,lk;ngw;w NkYk; 2009 ,y; ,lk;ngw;w NkYk; 2009 ,y; ,lk;ngw;w NkYk; 2009 ,y; ,lk;ngw;w NkYk; 2009 ,y; ,lk;ngw;w

epfo;Tfis fhydpj;Jt Ml;rpf; fhyg;gFjpfspYk; Gjpjhf Rje;jpuk; ngw;w rpwpyq;fh muirepfo;Tfis fhydpj;Jt Ml;rpf; fhyg;gFjpfspYk; Gjpjhf Rje;jpuk; ngw;w rpwpyq;fh muirepfo;Tfis fhydpj;Jt Ml;rpf; fhyg;gFjpfspYk; Gjpjhf Rje;jpuk; ngw;w rpwpyq;fh muirepfo;Tfis fhydpj;Jt Ml;rpf; fhyg;gFjpfspYk; Gjpjhf Rje;jpuk; ngw;w rpwpyq;fh muirepfo;Tfis fhydpj;Jt Ml;rpf; fhyg;gFjpfspYk; Gjpjhf Rje;jpuk; ngw;w rpwpyq;fh muir

cUthf;Fk; fhyg;gFjpapYk; ,lk;ngwr; nra;ag;gl;l fl;likg;G hPjpahd ,dg;gLnfhiyfspd;cUthf;Fk; fhyg;gFjpapYk; ,lk;ngwr; nra;ag;gl;l fl;likg;G hPjpahd ,dg;gLnfhiyfspd;cUthf;Fk; fhyg;gFjpapYk; ,lk;ngwr; nra;ag;gl;l fl;likg;G hPjpahd ,dg;gLnfhiyfspd;cUthf;Fk; fhyg;gFjpapYk; ,lk;ngwr; nra;ag;gl;l fl;likg;G hPjpahd ,dg;gLnfhiyfspd;cUthf;Fk; fhyg;gFjpapYk; ,lk;ngwr; nra;ag;gl;l fl;likg;G hPjpahd ,dg;gLnfhiyfspd;

jh;f;f G+h;tkhd ntspg;gLj;jyhfNt jPh;g;ghak; fUJfpwJ.jh;f;f G+h;tkhd ntspg;gLj;jyhfNt jPh;g;ghak; fUJfpwJ.jh;f;f G+h;tkhd ntspg;gLj;jyhfNt jPh;g;ghak; fUJfpwJ.jh;f;f G+h;tkhd ntspg;gLj;jyhfNt jPh;g;ghak; fUJfpwJ.jh;f;f G+h;tkhd ntspg;gLj;jyhfNt jPh;g;ghak; fUJfpwJ.

5.2.2. mnkhpf;fhtpd; kPjhd cle;ijahapUj;jy; Fw;wr;rhl;L5.2.2. mnkhpf;fhtpd; kPjhd cle;ijahapUj;jy; Fw;wr;rhl;L5.2.2. mnkhpf;fhtpd; kPjhd cle;ijahapUj;jy; Fw;wr;rhl;L5.2.2. mnkhpf;fhtpd; kPjhd cle;ijahapUj;jy; Fw;wr;rhl;L5.2.2. mnkhpf;fhtpd; kPjhd cle;ijahapUj;jy; Fw;wr;rhl;L

1951k; Mz;by;> ‘ntha;]; xg; mnkhpf;fh’ (mnkhpf;fhtpd; Fuy;) tpd; mQ;ry; epiyak; xd;Wf;fhd

trjpfis mspg;gJ njhlh;ghf ,yq;if murhq;fj;Jf;Fk; mnkhpf;f jfty; Kftuikg;Gf;FkpilNa

xg;ge;jnkhd;W nra;ag;gl;l fhyg;gFjp njhlf;fk; mnkhpf;fhthdJ rpwpyq;fhTld; xU Mokhd

fl;likg;G hPjpahd cwitf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. Nkw;gb mQ;ry; epiyak;> 1983 mstpy; 500

Vf;fh;fis cs;slf;FtjhfTk; Mrpag; gpuhe;jpaj;jpd; Vuhskhd gFjpfis vl;lf;$bajhfTk;

tsh;r;rpaile;jJ.54

1950 fspypUe;J mnkhpf;f gilj;Jiw mwpf;iffs; jq;fSf;F vl;lf;$bajhf fUjg;gLk; flw;gil

,uhZtj;jsk; vd;w tifapNy jpUNfhzkiyia milahsk; fhl;b te;jpUf;fpd;wd.55 1977k;

Mz;by; If;fpa Njrpaf; fl;rp Ml;rpf;F te;jjhdJ> kiwthdJ vd;whYk; Mokhd mnkhpf;f

<Lghl;Lf;fhd Gjpa tha;g;Gfis jpwe;J tpl;lJ.

51. <http://www.fco.gov.uk/servlet/Frontpagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Page&cid=1062157895923>(,e;jf; fl;Liu Nkw;Fwpj;j ntspehl;likr;R ,izaj;j Kftup ,izg;gpy; ,g;NghJ fhzg;gltpy;iy. MdhYk;>

,yq;if njhlu;ghf N[u;kdp gpnukdpy; 2013 brk;gu; 7k; jpfjp Kjy; 10k; jpfjp tiuahd epue;juj; jPu;g;ghaj;jpy;

Kd;itf;fg;gl;l -- ,yq;ifapy; ,lk;ngWk; ,dg;gLnfhiyapy; gpupj;jhdpa murpd; gq;F vd;w rhl;rpaj;jpd; 1945 w;Fg;

gpd;duhd gFjp 11 vd;gd cs;spl;l gy;NtW jug;Gf;fspdhy; ,J gutyhff; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;fpwJ)

52. rpwpyq;fh nla;yp epA+];> 14[dthp2008.

53. NkNy cs;s gFjp 5.2 Ig; ghh;f;fTk;.

54. wNk]; NrhkRe;juk;> rpwpyq;fhtpDila %Nyhgha hPjpahd Kf;fpaj;Jtk;> rpwpyq;fh nfhOk;G : ];uk;Nghl; Nyf>;

2005> gf;.137

55. “1950 fspy; mnkhpf;fhTf;Fk; u\;ahTf;Fk; fpilf;ff;$bajhf ,Ue;j flw;gil trjpfs;” kw;Wk; “1980fspy;

mnkhpf;fhTf;Fk; u\;ahTf;Fk; fpilf;ff; $bajhf ,Uf;Fk; flw;gil trjpfs;” vd jiyg;gplg;gl;l tiuglq;fspy;

jpUNfhzkiy Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mnkhpf;f gilj;Jiw epiyg;ghL FY> 1981> mnkhpf;f thd;gil Mszpapdhpd;

Kd;dhs; jiytUk; [dhjpgjp> Njrpa ghJfhg;G fTz;rpy; kw;Wk; ghJfhg;G nrayhpd; KJepiy gilj;Jiw MNyhrfUkhd

n[duy; Nltpl; rp. N[hd;];rpdhy; jhahhpf;fg;gl;lJ> gf; 49. ,e;j tiuglq;fspd; gpuRhpg;ghdJ rpwpyq;fhtpd; ehlhSkd;wj;jpNy

40


xU tpthjj;Jf;Fk; topNfhypaJld;> mt;tpthjj;jpd; NghJ ,t;tiuglq;fspy; jpUNfhzkiy cs;slf;fg;gl;bUg;gJ

“xU mr;Rg; gpio”nad gpujkh; uzrpq;f gpNukjhrhtpdhy; tpthpf;fg;gl;lJ. vt;thnwdpDk; ,e;j gpuRuq;fs; mnkhpf;fhtpdhy;

kPsg;ngwg;gltpy;iy vd;gNjhL jpUNfhzkiy tfpf;Fk; ghj;jpuk; gw;wpa ,e;j Nehf;F rkfhy mnkhpf;f nra;jpj;jhs;

mwpf;ifapYk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUe;jJ> “chpa fhyj;jpy; jpUNfhzkiyahdJ Xa;T kw;Wk; nghOJ Nghf;F trjpfis

toq;Fk; efukhf MfptpLk;” Nth\pq;ud; Ngh];w;> 25 xf;Nuhgh; 1981

56. 2000 Nkapy; ,uhrje;jpu cwTfs; kPs epWtg;gl;lJ njhlh;ghf> ,];Nuypa ntsptptfhu mikr;rpDila

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57. ntspehl;Lf;fhd gila gapw;rp kf;fsitf;fhd ,izmwpf;iffs>; epjptUlq;fs; 2006 kw;Wk; 2007> murpay; -

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59. mj;jh]; ,f;ghy; “2 Jzpfukhd tPuh;fs; mikr;riu fhg;ghw;wpa tpjk;” rz;Nl iuk;];> 07A+iy 1996> <http://www.sundaytimes.lk/960707/sitrep.html> ,ypUe;J ngwg;gl;lJ.

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je;jpUe;jhh;.56

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41


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60. [hd;];> gpnwlwpf;fh “Gypfis Kwpabf;f mnkhpf;f gilapdh; cjTth;” rz;Nliuk;]; 12 xf;Nuhgh; 1997. <http://www.sundaytimes.lk/971012/frontm.html> ,ypUe;J ngwg;gl;lJ

61. mNdfkhd $l;Lg;gil gapw;rpfisg; Nghy> rpwpyq;fhtpyhd gzpia ngd;ufd; gfpuq;fg; gLj;jtpy;iy. kdpj

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rpd;dhgpd;dkhf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; jPT mnkhpf;f MNyhrfh;fisg; ngWfpwJ” gpynly;gpah ,q;Fitwh;> 23A+d; 1996. <http://articles.philly.com/1996-06-23/news/25630233_1_tamil-tigers-tamil-eelam-liberation-tigers> ,ypUe;J ngwg;gl;lJ

62. mj;jh];> , ‘fsepiy mwpf;if: ‘Nghh; tUlj;jpy;’ ‘xg;gNw\d; gpsh\; ];iuy’ ;”> rz;Nl iuk;]; 6 ngg;uthp 2000>

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63. rpwpyq;fh muRf;Fk; jkpoPo tpLjiyg; GypfSf;FkpilNa 22ngg;uthp 2002 ,y; ifnaOj;jhd Nghh;epWj;j xg;ge;jkhdJ

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65. “Gypfs; kPjhd jilePf;fj;Jf;fhd xOq;if mnkhpf;fh njhptpj;jJ” rz;Nl iuk;];> 17 khh;r; 2002 <http://www.sundaytimes.lk/020317/frontm.html#fLABEL5> ,ypUe;J ngwg;gl;lJ.

66. jpUNfhzkiyapyhd Gypfs; mzpjpus;tJ kPjhd kiwg;G” rz;Nl iuk;];> 14nrg;nuk;gh; 2003. <http://www.sundaytimes.lk/030914/front/trinco.htm> ,ypUe;j ngwg;gl;lJ.

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ngwg;gl;lJ.

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fyj;jy;. <http://wikileaks.org/cable/2003/12/03BRUSSELS5593.html>

69. yp]; ngj; Nfh;f;> “jkpo; Gypfis gaq;futhj gl;baypy; Nrh;j;jikf;fhf INuhg;gpa A+dpaid RtPld; ehl;L n[duy;

fz;ldk; nra;fpwhh;” INuhg;gpa A+dpad; xg;Nrth;> 25 xf];w; 2006 ,g;gbf; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ: “ntspnry;Yk; rpwpyq;fh

fz;fhzpg;Gf; FOtpd; jiytuhd RtPld; ehl;ltuhd Xa;T ngw;w gpwpNfbah; n[duy; cy;g; n`d;wpf;rd; rpwpyq;fhtpYs;s

jkpo; Gypfis gaq;futhjpfshf gl;baypl;likf;fhf INuhg;gpa A+dpaid rhl;bAs;shh;. gpnuQ;R nra;jp epWtdkhd

AFP $WtJNghy; ,e;j Kbtpd; nghUs>; jhd;> fpsh;r;rpahsh;fs; kPJ jhf;Fjy; elj;j KOr; nraYhpik cs;sJ

vd;gJjhd; vd;gjhf rpwpyq;fh muR vz;zf;$Lk;. Nkapy; Gypfis gaq;futhjpfshf gl;baypl Kd;djhf ,e;j

RtPld; ehl;L n[duy; GWhn]y;];Rf;F mDg;gpa nghJepiy mwpf;ifnahd;wpy; ,e;jr; nray; td;nray;fSk; jhf;Fjy;fsk;

mjpfhpg;gjw;F toptFf;Fnkd vr;rhpj;Js;shh;……..”mJ xU jtW. mJ xU jtwhd KbT vd;Wjhd; nrhy;Ntd;…….

Vndd;why; j.tp.G (jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfs;)fSk; muRk;> rkkhd gq;fhspfs; vd;w tifapNyNa Nghh; epWj;j

xg;ge;jj;jpy; xg;gkpl;bUf;fpwhh;fs;.” Vd;W n[duy; n`d;wpf;rd; $wpdhh;. “ jpBnud xU jug;G gaq;futhjpfspd;

gl;baypy; Nrh;f;fg;gl;lhy; ehk; gpur;rpidf;Fs; khl;bf;nfhs;sg; NghfpNwhk; vd;gij czh;tJ xd;Wk; fbdkhdjy;y.

mijjhd; ehq;fs; nra;jpUf;fpNwhk; vd;whh; me;j RtPld; ehl;lth;” <http://euobserver.com/defence/22264> ,ypUe;Jngwg;gl;lJ

70. rpwpyq;fhtpDila Kd;dhs; ntsptptfhu mikr;rh; kq;fs rkutPutpDila 4 vg;uy; 2012 jpfjpa ghuhSkd;w

ciu. <https://www.colombotelegraph.com/index.php/rajapaksa-then-and-now/> ,ypUe;j ngwg;gl;lJ

71. Nfgps; 06x];Nyh551 x];Nyhtpyhd rpwpyq;fh$l;Lj; jiyikf; $l;lk;. <http://wikileaks.org/cable/2006/05/06OSLO551.html>

72. “Gypfspd; gaq;futhjj;Jf;F vjpuhf rpwpyq;fh Nghuhbf;nfhz;bUe;jNghJ> mnkhpf;fh gila cjtpfis epWj;jpaJ:

mJ ,g;NghJ rpwpyq;fhTf;Fj; Njitah?” mnkhpf;fh> gila cjtpfs; Mjuit ,ilepWj;jpf; nfhz;bUe;jNjhL

2006,ypUe;J 2009tiuahd fhyg;gFjpapy;> kpy;ypdpak; rNyQ;r; Nfhg;gNw\d; khdpa jFepiyg; gl;baypypUe;J rpwpyq;fhit

ePf;fpaJ” vd;w mwpf;if> fkNf> G> Vrpad; l;wpgpA+z; 2009 brk;gh; 19 <http://www.asiantribune.com/news/2009/12/19/us-halted-military-aid-sri-lanka-when-battling-ltte-terrorism-does-sl-need-it-now> ,ypUe;J ngwg;gl;lJ.

73. Ngbdd;Nlh S. “mnkhpf;f> rpwpyq;fh flw;gil mg;gpahrj;jpd; xU gFjpahf kwPd;fs; `k;ghe;Njhl;ltpd; jiuapwq;f

tpUf;fpwhh;fs;>” j Iyd;l>; 2006 xf;NuhgH19> <http://www.island.lk/2006/10/19/news28.html> ,ypUe;J ngwg;gl;lJ.

44


fy;Y}hpfs;> N[hh;[pahtpd; Nghl;ngd;dpq;fpy; cs;s mnkhpf;f Nghh; ghlrhiy Mfpait mlq;fyhd

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gapw;rp mspf;fg;gl;ldh;.74

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Nghh; ele;Jnfhz;bUf;Fk; NghNj kdpj chpikkPwy; njhlh;ghd mf;fiwahy; rpwpyq;fhTldhd

gila njhlh;Gfis mnkhpf;fh Jz;bj;Jf; nfhz;ljhf gutyhf ek;gg;gl;l NghjpYk; frpatplg;gl;l

,uhrje;jpu Nfgps;fs; ,J NtWtpjkhfNt ,Ue;jij nka;g;gpf;fpd;wd. ,t;thwhdJk; 2008 [dthp

jpfjpapl;lJkhd xU Nfgpspd;gb> nfhOk;Gf;fhd mnkhpf;f J}Jth; gpd;tUkhW vOjpapUf;fpwhh;:

“Kuz;ghLfs; Kidg;ghditahf khwf;$ba tha;g;Gfs; kw;Wk; kdpjchpikg; gpur;rpidfs; njhlh;ghd

74.ntspehLfSf;fhd gila gapw;rp. kf;fsitf;fhd $l;lwpf;if> FO 2006 kw;Wk; 2007> njhFjp 1.

75. Nfgps; 07 nfhOk;G 303> ngWiffs; kw;Wk; FWf;Fr;Nrit toq;fy; cld;ghL ifnaOj;jhtjw;fhd Clfq;fspd;

nra;jp Nrfhpg;G < http://wikileaks.org/cable/2007/02/07 COLOMBO303.html>

76. Nfgps; 07 nfhOk;G 1017> ACSA ,izg;Gfis A+iy 20 k; jpfjp ntspapl muR jpl;lkpl;bUf;fpd;wJ <http://

wikileaks.org/cable/2007/07/07COLOMBO1017.html>

77. cjhuzkhf gpd;tUtdtw;iwg; ghh;f;fTk;. “njw;fhrpahTldhd mnkhpf;fhtpd; cwTfspyhd GjpanjhLthdq;fs;”

mnkhpf;fh cjtpuh[hq;f nrayh; fpwp];hpdh nwhf;fh 2004 Vg;guy; 21k; jpfjp ngd;rpy; Ntdpah gy;fiyf; fofj;jpy;

epfo;j;jpa ciu <http://2001-2009.state.gov/p/sca/rls/rm/31702.htm> ghJfhg;G kPsha;T fhyhz;L mwpf;if 2006 ngg;uthp

<http://www.defense.gov/qdr/report/report20060203.pdf> kw;Wk; Njrpa ghJfhg;G %Nyhghak;> 2006khh;r; <http://

www.comw.org/qdr/fulltext/nss2006.pdf>;

45


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gfph;e;J nfhz;lJ.

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rpwpjsT tptuq;fisNa nghJkf;fs; mwpe;jpUe;jdh;.

fpsh;r;rp eltbf;if njhlh;ghd Kd;dzp epGzUk; rhz;l;N`h];w; Nwhay; gilj;Jiw mf;flkpapdJk;

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rpwpyq;fhtpdiu mth;fsJ ,utpy; rz;ilapLk; ,aYikfis Nkk;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s J}z;bdhh;fs.;

78. Nfgps; 08 nfhOk;G 66> rpwpyq;fhTf;fhd ml;kpuy; tpyhl;];]pd; tUiff;fhd Kd;ndhOq;F <http://wikileaks.org/

cable/2008/01/08COLOMBO66.html>

79. Nfgps; 09 nfhOk;G 495 – a> “rpwpyq;fh: ghJfhg;G tya tpk;gq;fis J}jtuhyak; rdhjpgjpAld; gfph;e;J

nfhs;fpwJ. <http://www.wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/09COLOMBO495_a.html>

80. rpwpyq;fh : mnkhpf;f %Nyhghaj;ijg; NghUf;F gpd; kPs –cUtikj;jy;> ntspAwTf;fhd nraw;FO> mnkhpf;f

%jhit> 97brk;gh; 2009> <http://www.foreign.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/SRI.pdf>

46


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epfo;jpajhd rpwpyq;fh gilj;jug;gpDila rj;jpiaAk; gad;tpisTj; jd;ikiaAk;epfo;jpajhd rpwpyq;fh gilj;jug;gpDila rj;jpiaAk; gad;tpisTj; jd;ikiaAk;epfo;jpajhd rpwpyq;fh gilj;jug;gpDila rj;jpiaAk; gad;tpisTj; jd;ikiaAk;epfo;jpajhd rpwpyq;fh gilj;jug;gpDila rj;jpiaAk; gad;tpisTj; jd;ikiaAk;epfo;jpajhd rpwpyq;fh gilj;jug;gpDila rj;jpiaAk; gad;tpisTj; jd;ikiaAk;

mjpfhpg;gjw;F Nkw;nfhz;l ePbj;j Kaw;rpfshy; kl;Lk; cUthfpajhf $wKbahJ vd;gNjhL>mjpfhpg;gjw;F Nkw;nfhz;l ePbj;j Kaw;rpfshy; kl;Lk; cUthfpajhf $wKbahJ vd;gNjhL>mjpfhpg;gjw;F Nkw;nfhz;l ePbj;j Kaw;rpfshy; kl;Lk; cUthfpajhf $wKbahJ vd;gNjhL>mjpfhpg;gjw;F Nkw;nfhz;l ePbj;j Kaw;rpfshy; kl;Lk; cUthfpajhf $wKbahJ vd;gNjhL>mjpfhpg;gjw;F Nkw;nfhz;l ePbj;j Kaw;rpfshy; kl;Lk; cUthfpajhf $wKbahJ vd;gNjhL>

rpyNtisfspy;> rkhjhd nray;Kiwfis eilKiwg; gLj;Jtjpy; vLf;fg;gl;l murpay;rpyNtisfspy;> rkhjhd nray;Kiwfis eilKiwg; gLj;Jtjpy; vLf;fg;gl;l murpay;rpyNtisfspy;> rkhjhd nray;Kiwfis eilKiwg; gLj;Jtjpy; vLf;fg;gl;l murpay;rpyNtisfspy;> rkhjhd nray;Kiwfis eilKiwg; gLj;Jtjpy; vLf;fg;gl;l murpay;rpyNtisfspy;> rkhjhd nray;Kiwfis eilKiwg; gLj;Jtjpy; vLf;fg;gl;l murpay;

kw;Wk; ,uhrje;jpu Kd;Kay;Tfis jLj;jy; my;yJ vjph; tskhf;Fjy; kw;Wk; rpwpyq;fhtpy;kw;Wk; ,uhrje;jpu Kd;Kay;Tfis jLj;jy; my;yJ vjph; tskhf;Fjy; kw;Wk; rpwpyq;fhtpy;kw;Wk; ,uhrje;jpu Kd;Kay;Tfis jLj;jy; my;yJ vjph; tskhf;Fjy; kw;Wk; rpwpyq;fhtpy;kw;Wk; ,uhrje;jpu Kd;Kay;Tfis jLj;jy; my;yJ vjph; tskhf;Fjy; kw;Wk; rpwpyq;fhtpy;kw;Wk; ,uhrje;jpu Kd;Kay;Tfis jLj;jy; my;yJ vjph; tskhf;Fjy; kw;Wk; rpwpyq;fhtpy;

cUthfpf; nfhz;bUe;j mghafukhd fsepiy kw;Wk; Kd; vg;NghJkpy;yhj tpjj;jpy; Gyk;cUthfpf; nfhz;bUe;j mghafukhd fsepiy kw;Wk; Kd; vg;NghJkpy;yhj tpjj;jpy; Gyk;cUthfpf; nfhz;bUe;j mghafukhd fsepiy kw;Wk; Kd; vg;NghJkpy;yhj tpjj;jpy; Gyk;cUthfpf; nfhz;bUe;j mghafukhd fsepiy kw;Wk; Kd; vg;NghJkpy;yhj tpjj;jpy; Gyk;cUthfpf; nfhz;bUe;j mghafukhd fsepiy kw;Wk; Kd; vg;NghJkpy;yhj tpjj;jpy; Gyk;

ngah;e;NjhhpilNa cs;s jkpo; r%fq;fspd; cyfshtpa vjph;g;G Mh;g;ghl;lq;fs; Kjypaitngah;e;NjhhpilNa cs;s jkpo; r%fq;fspd; cyfshtpa vjph;g;G Mh;g;ghl;lq;fs; Kjypaitngah;e;NjhhpilNa cs;s jkpo; r%fq;fspd; cyfshtpa vjph;g;G Mh;g;ghl;lq;fs; Kjypaitngah;e;NjhhpilNa cs;s jkpo; r%fq;fspd; cyfshtpa vjph;g;G Mh;g;ghl;lq;fs; Kjypaitngah;e;NjhhpilNa cs;s jkpo; r%fq;fspd; cyfshtpa vjph;g;G Mh;g;ghl;lq;fs; Kjypait

njhlh;ghd jfty;fis ,Ul;lbg;Gr; nra;jy; Kjypatw;wpyhd mnkhpf;fhtpd; tfpghfj;jpypUe;Jnjhlh;ghd jfty;fis ,Ul;lbg;Gr; nra;jy; Kjypatw;wpyhd mnkhpf;fhtpd; tfpghfj;jpypUe;Jnjhlh;ghd jfty;fis ,Ul;lbg;Gr; nra;jy; Kjypatw;wpyhd mnkhpf;fhtpd; tfpghfj;jpypUe;Jnjhlh;ghd jfty;fis ,Ul;lbg;Gr; nra;jy; Kjypatw;wpyhd mnkhpf;fhtpd; tfpghfj;jpypUe;Jnjhlh;ghd jfty;fis ,Ul;lbg;Gr; nra;jy; Kjypatw;wpyhd mnkhpf;fhtpd; tfpghfj;jpypUe;J

Fwpg;gplj; jf;fstpy; cUthfpajhf ,Uf;fyhk;. ,e;j gilj;Jiw hPjpahd> gilj;JiwFwpg;gplj; jf;fstpy; cUthfpajhf ,Uf;fyhk;. ,e;j gilj;Jiw hPjpahd> gilj;JiwFwpg;gplj; jf;fstpy; cUthfpajhf ,Uf;fyhk;. ,e;j gilj;Jiw hPjpahd> gilj;JiwFwpg;gplj; jf;fstpy; cUthfpajhf ,Uf;fyhk;. ,e;j gilj;Jiw hPjpahd> gilj;JiwFwpg;gplj; jf;fstpy; cUthfpajhf ,Uf;fyhk;. ,e;j gilj;Jiw hPjpahd> gilj;Jiw

81. Nghs; %h;fpuhg;w;> jkpo; Gypfspd; KOikahd mopg;G> njw;F Nahh;f;`~pah; Ngdh kw;Wk; ths; gilj;Jiw> 2012>

gf110.


83. mnkhpf;f kw;Wk; rpwpyq;fh gilfs; $l;L kdpjNea mg;gpahrj;jpy; gq;Fgw;wpd 16 Vg;uy; 2010 <http://

srilanka.usembassy.gov/pr-16april10.html>

84. “jpUNfhzkiyapy; mnkhpf;f flw;gil rPy;fs;” nla;yp kpwh> 13 A+iy 2013 <http://www.dailymirror.lk/news/32340-

us-navy-seals-intrinco.html>

85. xg;gNw~d; gRgpf; VQ;ry; - rpwpyq;fh epiwT ngw;wJ” mnkhpf;f gRgpf; fl;lisg; gPlk;> Xf];w; 2010 <http://

www.pacom.mil/media/news/2010/08/20100825-Pacific%20Angel-Sri%20Lanka%20Concludes.shtml>

47


h Pjpahdit my;yhj nraw;ghLfs; 2007 ngg;uthpapy; rh ;tNjr ePjpkd;wj;jpdhy;h Pjpahdit my;yhj nraw;ghLfs; 2007 ngg;uthpapy; rh ;tNjr ePjpkd;wj;jpdhy;h Pjpahdit my;yhj nraw;ghLfs; 2007 ngg;uthpapy; rh ;tNjr ePjpkd;wj;jpdhy;h Pjpahdit my;yhj nraw;ghLfs; 2007 ngg;uthpapy; rh ;tNjr ePjpkd;wj;jpdhy;h Pjpahdit my;yhj nraw;ghLfs; 2007 ngg;uthpapy; rh ;tNjr ePjpkd;wj;jpdhy;

“cle;ijahapUj;jy;cle;ijahapUj;jy;cle;ijahapUj;jy;cle;ijahapUj;jy;cle;ijahapUj;jy;” vd;gjw;Fs; cs;slf;fg; glNtz;Lk; vd eph;zak; nra;j tpjkhd vd;gjw;Fs; cs;slf;fg; glNtz;Lk; vd eph;zak; nra;j tpjkhd vd;gjw;Fs; cs;slf;fg; glNtz;Lk; vd eph;zak; nra;j tpjkhd vd;gjw;Fs; cs;slf;fg; glNtz;Lk; vd eph;zak; nra;j tpjkhd vd;gjw;Fs; cs;slf;fg; glNtz;Lk; vd eph;zak; nra;j tpjkhd

“Fw ;wj ;ij e pfo ;j ;Jk ; ,aYikia toq ;Fjy ; my ;yJ trjpfis Vw ;gLj ;j pFw ;wj ;ij e pfo ;j ;Jk ; ,aYikia toq ;Fjy ; my ;yJ trjpfis Vw ;gLj ;j pFw ;wj ;ij e pfo ;j ;Jk ; ,aYikia toq ;Fjy ; my ;yJ trjpfis Vw ;gLj ;j pFw ;wj ;ij e pfo ;j ;Jk ; ,aYikia toq ;Fjy ; my ;yJ trjpfis Vw ;gLj ;j pFw ;wj ;ij e pfo ;j ;Jk ; ,aYikia toq ;Fjy ; my ;yJ trjpfis Vw ;gLj ;j p

nfhLf;Fk;toptiffis toq;Fjy; vd;gij cUthf;Fgitahf ,Uf;fpd;wd. nfhLf;Fk;toptiffis toq;Fjy; vd;gij cUthf;Fgitahf ,Uf;fpd;wd. nfhLf;Fk;toptiffis toq;Fjy; vd;gij cUthf;Fgitahf ,Uf;fpd;wd. nfhLf;Fk;toptiffis toq;Fjy; vd;gij cUthf;Fgitahf ,Uf;fpd;wd. nfhLf;Fk;toptiffis toq;Fjy; vd;gij cUthf;Fgitahf ,Uf;fpd;wd. 86

5.2.3. ,e;jpa muR cle;ijaha; ,Ue;jjhf $wg;gLtJ.5.2.3. ,e;jpa muR cle;ijaha; ,Ue;jjhf $wg;gLtJ.5.2.3. ,e;jpa muR cle;ijaha; ,Ue;jjhf $wg;gLtJ.5.2.3. ,e;jpa muR cle;ijaha; ,Ue;jjhf $wg;gLtJ.5.2.3. ,e;jpa muR cle;ijaha; ,Ue;jjhf $wg;gLtJ.

,e;j jPh;g;ghakhdJ “jkpo; kf;fSf;F vjpuhd ,dg;gLnfhiy Fw;wj;Jf;F ,e;jpa muR cle;ijaha;

,Ue;jJ” vd;w Fw;wr; rhl;il fUj;jpy; vLf;Fk;gb Nfl;Lf; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

1980 fspd; gpw;$w;wpNy rpwpyq;fhtpy; ,Ue;j jkpo; kPjhd fl;Lg;ghl;il> %Nyhgha hPjpahd

nrhj;jhf vd;W nfhs;Sk; tpjj;jpy; j.tp. GypfSf;F vjpuhf nra;j jiyaPL; Vw;W nraw;ghl;bd;

fhuzkhf 12>000 Ngh; caphpoe;jdh;. 1990fspNy> mnkhpf;fhtpDldhd xU %Nyhgha $l;likg;gpd;

Kf;fpa kw;w gq;Fjhuhpd; ghj;jpuj;ij ,e;jpah tfpj;jJld; rpwpyq;fh njhlh;ghd mjdJ %Nyhgha

nfhs;if mZFKiwia njhlh;e;Jk; mnkhpf;fhtpdJ Nghh; fl;lisg; gbt tha;ghl;Lf;F

fPo;g;gbthdjhf itj;Jf;nfhz;bUe;jJ.

rpwpyq;fhtpypUe;j Kuz;ghl;Lf;Fs;Ns ,lk; khwpf;nfhz;bUe;j ,e;jpahtpd; tfpghj;jpuDila rpf;fyhd

jd;ik fhuzkhfTk;> NkNy $wg;gl;l Fw;wr; rhl;il Kiwg;gb fUj;jpnyLg;gjw;Fg; NghJkhd

nghUs; tif rhd;WfNsh my;yJ NeuNkh jPh;g;ghaj;Jf;F ,Uf;fhj gbahy; ePjpgjpfspd; FOthdJ

,e;j tplak; njhlh;ghd Mo;e;J Muha;jiy gpd; NghLtjw;F KbntLj;jJ.

5.2.4. fz;L nfhz;lit.5.2.4. fz;L nfhz;lit.5.2.4. fz;L nfhz;lit.5.2.4. fz;L nfhz;lit.5.2.4. fz;L nfhz;lit.

rpwpyq;fh murhdJ> mjdJ ,dg;gLnfhiy Nghuhh;tq;fis jdpNa vl;Lk; ,aYikfisf;

nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy vd;gij milahsk; fz;lJld; Kd;itf;fg;gl;l rhd;WfspdJ mbg;gilapy;

I.,.> mnkhpf;fh kw;Wk; ,e;jpah Mfpa muRfs; ,dg;gLnfhiyf;F cle;ijahf ,Ue;jd vd;W

jPh;g;ghak; ek;GfpwJ. NkYk; I., kw;Wk; mnkhpf;fh Mfpait njspthfNt ,dg;gLnfhiyf;F

cle;ijahf ,Uf;fpd;wd vd;W jPh;g;ghak; kjpg;gPL nra;fpwJ. ,e;jpahTf;F vjpuhd Fw;wr; rhl;il

nghWj;j tiuapNy rPdhitg; Nghd;W NtW ehLfSf;F ,Uf;ff;$ba nghWg;Gfis Muha;tJ

cs;slf;f $bajhd Nkyjpf rhd;Wfis Muha;e;j ghh;f;Fk;tiu jkJ Kbit mwptpf;fhky;

itj;jpUg;gjw;F jPh;g;ghak; KbT nra;fpwJ.

86. ngh];. n`h;. Vs Nrh;g;gpah - nkhz;w;NuePf;Nwh ge;jp 419

48


ue;ju kf;fs; jPh;g;ghaj;jpDila jPh;g;GfSila Fwpg;ghd tfpghfKk; Nehf;fKk; nghWg;G

nrhy;yNtz;ba jug;Gfis my;yJ egh;fis fz;ldk; nra;tjw;F kl;Lk; kl;Lg;gLj;jp

tplKbahJ. mj;J kPwg;gl;l jdpg;gl;l kw;Wk; $l;L chpikfspd; epue;jukhd Kiwikj;

jFjpiag; gpufldg; gLj;jNtz;ba Njit cs;sNjhL mjd; fhuzkhfNt

ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fshf khw;wg;gl;l kf;fs;> nfsutj;Jld; jkJ tho;f;if njhlh;ghd

KbTfis vLg;gjw;F epfo;fhyj;jpYk; vjph;fhyj;jpYk; ,lk; tpLtNjhL tpUg;gj; njhpTfisAk;

cUthf;fg; gzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,e;jg; ghpe;Jiufs; fhj;jpukhd tptuq;fis cs;slf;fp ,Ug;gNjhL mit> jPh;g;ghaj;jpd;

eltbf;ifapypUe;J ntspte;j fhj;jpukhditAk; mtrukhditAkhd NjitfNshL

xUq;fikgitahfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wd. mitfspNy cs;s nghJthd tplakhf ,dxopg;G nray;

Kiwf;F nghWg;ghdth;fs; vd;W milahsk; fhzg;gl;lth;fs; KOikahf nghWg;Ngw;f Ntz;Lk;

vd;gjw;Fk; <oj; jkpoh;fspd; chpikfis KOikahf ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjw;fhd mtrukhdJk;

ePz;lfhy mbg;gilapyhdJkhd mh;g;gzpg;Gf;Fkhd mbg;gil Ntz;L Nfhs; ,Uf;fpwJ.

I

<oj;jkpoh;fSf;F vjpuhd ,dxopg;Gr; nray;Kiwia jLg;gjpYk; mtw;Wf;F vjpuhd rl;lq;fis

Mf;FtjpYk; jtwptpl;ljpNy KbNtw;gLj;jf; $batpjkhf tfpghj;jpuj;ij tfpj;j If;fpa ehLfs;

rigf;F:

- rkhjhd nray;Kiw jilg;gl;lJ kw;Wk; I eh mjpfhhpfs; kw;Wk; Mszpapdiu kPsg;ngWtjw;F

tpLf;fg;gl;l fl;lis Kjypatw;Wf;F toptFj;j KbTfis vLf;f fhyhapUe;j tplaq;fs;

gw;wpa ek;gj;jFe;j tpsf;fj;ij Mff;Fiwe;j jhkjj;Jld; mspj;jy.;

----- jw;NghJk; epfo;e;J nfhz;bUf;fpw ,dg;gLnfhiyia jLg;gij Kf;fpa Nehf;fkhf nfhz;l

%Nyhghak; xd;iw cUthf;Ftjw;Fk; <oj;jkpoh;fs;> rkhjhdj;Jf;Fk; Raeph;zaj;Jf;Fkhd

jq;fs; chpikfis mg;gpahrpf;Fk; tpjj;jpy; fhj;jpukhd #o;sikTfis cUthf;Ftjw;Fk;

mjpfgl;r Ke;Jhpik nfhLj;jy;.

----- ,dxopg;G nray; KiwAld; NeubahfNth my;yJ kiwKfkhfNth my;yJ ,U tpjj;jpYk;

njhlh;Gila muRfisj; jtph;f;Fk;> rh;tNjr tprhuiz Mizf;FO xd;iw cUthf;Fjy;

vd;gJ Nkw;Fwpj;j tifapyhd KjyhtJ gbKiwahf ,Uf;Fk;.

epepepepep

6. ghpe;Jiu ghpe;Jiu ghpe;Jiu ghpe;Jiu ghpe;Jiu

49


II

rkhjhd nray;Kiwia Kd;ndLg;gjpy; Mf;f G+h;tkhd tfpghfj;ij Nkw;nfhz;lJk;> gpd;dh;

<oj;jkpoh; njhlh;ghf mnkhpf;f muR nfhz;bUe;j “gaq;futhj jd;ikahd” vd;w epiyg;ghl;il

Vw;Wf; nfhz;ljd; %yk; ,dxopg;G nray; Kiwia eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;F gq;fspg;G nra;jJkhd

INuhg;gpa A+dpaDf;F:

- rkhjhd nray; Kiwia Njhy;tpf;F ,l;Lr; nrd;w fhuzq;fs; njhlh;ghd ntspg;gilahd

mwpf;if xd;iw ntspapLtjw;fhd nghWg;ig Vw;wy;.

- - - - - rpwpyq;fh murpdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l kWg;Gfs; mlf;F Kiwfs; vd;w fbdkhd #o;epiyfs;

kPJ Fwpg;ghd ftdk; nrYj;jg;gLk; mNjrkak; <oj;jkpoh;fSila murpay;> nghUz;kpa kw;Wk;

fyhr;rhu chpikfs; kjpf;fg;gl;L tsh;r;rp ngw Cf;fg;gLj;Jtij cWjpg;gLj;Jk; tpjj;jpy;

mjdJ ntsptptfhuf; nfhs;ifia kPsha;T nra;jy;.

- - - - - Kiwahd nra;Kiwfs; njhlh;ghf ftdj;jpy; vLf;fhkYk; tpLjiy kw;Wk; vjph;g;G ,af;fq;fspd;

$h;g;;gilAk; jd;ik vg;gbahdJ vd fUj;jpy; vLf;fhkYk; mnkhpf;f murpdhy; tpjpf;fg;gLk;

tifg;gLj;jy; kPJ fz;bg;ghd Kiwapy; jq;fpapUf;Fk; mjdJ ghJfhg;G nfhs;ifia cah;

Ke;Jhpik nfhLj;J kPs fUj;jpnyLj;jy;

III

,e;j mkh;Tfs; elj;JtJ rhj;jpakhdjhf ,Ue;jJk; rpwpyq;fh rkhjhd nray;Kiwapd; Muk;g

fl;lq;fspYk; mJ ,lk; ngWk; NghJk;> gila hPjpahd jPh;ittpl Ngr;Rthh;j;ij %ykhd jPh;it

nray;Kidg;ghf Cf;Ftpj;jJkhd n[h;kdpf;Fk; Vida ey;nyz;zk; nfhz;l ehLfSf;Fk;:

- - - - - Mff; Fiwe;j jhkjj;Jld; rpwpyq;fhtpDila kf;fs; njhlh;ghd kdpj kw;Wk; kf;fs;

chpikfshy; mfj;J}z;Ljyspf;fg;gl;l INuhg;gpa nfhs;if xd;iw nraw;gLj;jf; $ba tpjj;jpy;INuhg;gpa A+dpaid Nehf;fp newpg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w ghpe;Jiufis cldbahf xd;iw Nkw;nfhs;Sjy;.

- - - - - <oj;jkpo; Gyk;ngah;e;Njhiu ghJfhg;gJ vd;gJ> rpwpyq;fhtpy; cs;s <oj;jkpoh;fspd; ghJfhg;G

kw;Wk; ey;tho;T Kjypatw;iw Mjhpj;J NgZtjw;fhd topKiwfspy; ghhpa Kf;fpaj;Jtk;

ngw;wjhf ,Ug;gjhy; Fwpg;ghf INuhg;gpa A+dpad; cWg;G ehLfspNy <oj;jkpo; Gyk;ngah;e;Njhhpd;

chpikfis Fwpg;ghf Gfyplk;> Ntiy nra;jy; kw;Wk; ,ize;J nfhs;Sjy; njhlh;ghd

chpikfis ghJfhj;J tsh;r;rp ngw Cf;fg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd topKiwfis iff;nfhs;Sk;gb

INuhg;gpa A+dpad; fTz;rpy;> INuhg;gpa Mizf;FO kw;Wk; INuhg;gpa ehlhSkd;wk; cs;spl;l

nghUj;jkhd INuhg;gpa epWtfq;fis Cf;fg;gLj;jp Ntz;LNfhs; tpLj;jy;.

- rpwpyq;fhtpy; epyTfpd;w cz;ikahd epiyikfs; njhlh;ghd jfty;fis gut nra;tjw;fhd

ts%ykhf <oj;jkpo; Gyk;ngah;e;Njhiu milahsk; fhZjy;.

IV

rpwpyq;fh muRf;F:

- jw;NghJ ,lk; ngw;Wf; nfhz;bUf;fpw> <oj;jkpoh;fSila milahsk; kw;Wk; ,Ug;G Kjypatw;iw

mopf;Fk; nray; KiwahdJ> kdpj kw;Wk; kf;fs; chpikfs; kWf;fg;gl;bUg;gjhy; vLj;Jf;

fhl;lg;gLk; xU r%fj;jpd; kPj tLthf gjpe;J tplhj tpjj;jpy; rdehaf hPjpahd ek;gfj;

jd;ik vd;w tif nraw;ghlhf ,e;j RahjPdkhd jPh;g;ghak; fz;L nfhz;bUg;gtw;iw mq;fPfhpj;J

gfpuq;fkhf mit gw;wp fye;JiuahLjy;.

- - - - - Njrpa> rh;tNjrpa> nghJ> jdpahh; %ytsq;fs; KjyPL nra;ag;gLk; mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lq;fs;

vd;w Nghh ;itapy; nghUz;kpa fl;likg;G kw;Wk; fyhr;rhu nfhs;iffs; Clhf

50


eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk;> <oj;jkpoh;fSila mbg;gil chpikfis kWf;Fk; xOq;fikf;fg;gl;l

nray;Kiwia mjDila cj;jpNahf G+h;t tpsf;fq;fs; kw;Wk; nray;ghLfs; %yk; cUkiwf;f

Kaw;rp nra;tij epWj;jy;.

V

,e;j gFjpapNy xj;Jiog;ghd nrnrnrnrnraw;ghLfspy; <LgLk; mur> murrhh;gw;w rh;tNjr mikg;GfSf;F:

- - - - - rpwpyq;fhtpd; #o;epiyfis vLj;J fhl;Ltjhf ,Uf;Fk; ,dxopg;G nray;Kiwiag; gw;wp

czh;e;Jk; jftywpe;Jk; ,Uj;jy;.

- - - - - mth;fSila gpurd;dk; KjyPLfs; kw;Wk; jiyaPLfs; Neubahf my;yJ fUj;jpay; hPjpahf

my;yJ ,uz;LkhfNth> rpwpyq;fh murpd; ghFghlhd eilKiwfSf;F Mjutspg;gitahf

,y;yhkypUg;gij cWjp nra;jy.;

- - - - - Fbrhh; vjph;g;gpaf;fq;fspd; mikjptop nray; Kiwfs; kw;Wk; <oj;jkpoh;fspd; milahsj;ij

kPl;lspj;jy;> mjd; tsh;r;rpia Cf;fg;gLj;Jjy; Kjypait rpwpyq;fhtpYs;s mth;fsJ

jhafj;jpYk; mth;fSila Gyk; ngah;e;Njhh; kj;jpapYk; ,lk;ngWk; tpjj;jpNy rhj;jpakhd

msTf;F mth;fSila nraw;ghLfis xUq;fpizg;G nra;jy;.

- - - - - cyfpd; midj;J gFjpfspYk; ,lk;ngWk; rl;lhPjpahd ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; chpikfis

mq;fPfhpj;jy;> mJ NghyNt ,dxopg;ghy; ghjpf;fg; gl;lth;fSf;F Gdh;tho;T mspj;jy; Nghd;w

midj;J Kd;Kay;TfSf;F mtrukhfTk; Ke;JhpikfSlDk; gad; tpisthd xUq;fpizg;G

kw;Wk; xd;wpizj;jy; Nehf;fq;fSlDk; MjuT toq;Fjy;.

- - - - - ePjpkd;wk; rhh;e;j nray;Kiwfis rh;tNjr ePjpr; nrayhl;rpapd; Clhf mjid toq;Ffpd;w

%d;whtJ ehnlhd;wpy;> jz;lid tpyf;Ff;F vjpuhf Nghuhl;lk; vd;w ngahpy; Muk;gpj;J itg;gJ

gw;wp fUj;jpnyLj;jy;.

vkJ gzp kw;Wk; fye;jhNyhrid nra;jy;fSf;F gq;fspg;G nra;jth;fs; vd;w cz;ikapd;

fhuzkhf> rhl;rpfs; mDgtpf;ff;$ba ve;j xU gpd;tpisTfisAk; fz;fhzpj;J mit njhlh;ghf

cldbahf nray;gLtjpy; xU nray; Kidg;ghd tfpghj;jpuj;ij vLf;f PPT Maj;jkhfTk;

mh;g;gzpg;GlDk; ,Ug;gij NkYk; mJ gpufldg; gLj;JfpwJ.

,Wjpahf ,e;j jPh;g;ghakhdJ> cyfshtpa rptpy; r%fj;jpdiuAk; muRfisAk; rpwpyq;fhtpy;,Wjpahf ,e;j jPh;g;ghakhdJ> cyfshtpa rptpy; r%fj;jpdiuAk; muRfisAk; rpwpyq;fhtpy;,Wjpahf ,e;j jPh;g;ghakhdJ> cyfshtpa rptpy; r%fj;jpdiuAk; muRfisAk; rpwpyq;fhtpy;,Wjpahf ,e;j jPh;g;ghakhdJ> cyfshtpa rptpy; r%fj;jpdiuAk; muRfisAk; rpwpyq;fhtpy;,Wjpahf ,e;j jPh;g;ghakhdJ> cyfshtpa rptpy; r%fj;jpdiuAk; muRfisAk; rpwpyq;fhtpy;

epfo;e;j ,dg;gLnfhiyf;F gypahdth;fis epidT $Uk; gbAk; Nk 18k; jpfjpiaepfo;e;j ,dg;gLnfhiyf;F gypahdth;fis epidT $Uk; gbAk; Nk 18k; jpfjpiaepfo;e;j ,dg;gLnfhiyf;F gypahdth;fis epidT $Uk; gbAk; Nk 18k; jpfjpiaepfo;e;j ,dg;gLnfhiyf;F gypahdth;fis epidT $Uk; gbAk; Nk 18k; jpfjpiaepfo;e;j ,dg;gLnfhiyf;F gypahdth;fis epidT $Uk; gbAk; Nk 18k; jpfjpia

“Ks;sptha;f;fhy; epidNte;jy; ehs;Ks;sptha;f;fhy; epidNte;jy; ehs;Ks;sptha;f;fhy; epidNte;jy; ehs;Ks;sptha;f;fhy; epidNte;jy; ehs;Ks;sptha;f;fhy; epidNte;jy; ehs;” Mf Mf;Ftjd; %yk; gypahdth;fs; kw;Wk; mth;fSila Mf Mf;Ftjd; %yk; gypahdth;fs; kw;Wk; mth;fSila Mf Mf;Ftjd; %yk; gypahdth;fs; kw;Wk; mth;fSila Mf Mf;Ftjd; %yk; gypahdth;fs; kw;Wk; mth;fSila Mf Mf;Ftjd; %yk; gypahdth;fs; kw;Wk; mth;fSila

FLk;gj;jpduJ fLk;Jauk; kw;Wk; kdtLf;fisAk; cz;ik vd Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sk;gb miog;GFLk;gj;jpduJ fLk;Jauk; kw;Wk; kdtLf;fisAk; cz;ik vd Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sk;gb miog;GFLk;gj;jpduJ fLk;Jauk; kw;Wk; kdtLf;fisAk; cz;ik vd Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sk;gb miog;GFLk;gj;jpduJ fLk;Jauk; kw;Wk; kdtLf;fisAk; cz;ik vd Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sk;gb miog;GFLk;gj;jpduJ fLk;Jauk; kw;Wk; kdtLf;fisAk; cz;ik vd Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sk;gb miog;G

tpLf;fpwJ. ,e;j FwpaPl;L hPjpahd gbKiwahdJ gypahfpg; Ngha;tpl;lth;fspd; epidTfistpLf;fpwJ. ,e;j FwpaPl;L hPjpahd gbKiwahdJ gypahfpg; Ngha;tpl;lth;fspd; epidTfistpLf;fpwJ. ,e;j FwpaPl;L hPjpahd gbKiwahdJ gypahfpg; Ngha;tpl;lth;fspd; epidTfistpLf;fpwJ. ,e;j FwpaPl;L hPjpahd gbKiwahdJ gypahfpg; Ngha;tpl;lth;fspd; epidTfistpLf;fpwJ. ,e;j FwpaPl;L hPjpahd gbKiwahdJ gypahfpg; Ngha;tpl;lth;fspd; epidTfis

Ngzpg; ghJfhf;f cyfshtpa r%fj;jpdh; vLf;f Ntz;ba fOtha; nra;fpw nray;KiwiaNgzpg; ghJfhf;f cyfshtpa r%fj;jpdh; vLf;f Ntz;ba fOtha; nra;fpw nray;KiwiaNgzpg; ghJfhf;f cyfshtpa r%fj;jpdh; vLf;f Ntz;ba fOtha; nra;fpw nray;KiwiaNgzpg; ghJfhf;f cyfshtpa r%fj;jpdh; vLf;f Ntz;ba fOtha; nra;fpw nray;KiwiaNgzpg; ghJfhf;f cyfshtpa r%fj;jpdh; vLf;f Ntz;ba fOtha; nra;fpw nray;Kiwia

rkpf;if fhl;Ltjhf ,Uf;Fk;.rkpf;if fhl;Ltjhf ,Uf;Fk;.rkpf;if fhl;Ltjhf ,Uf;Fk;.rkpf;if fhl;Ltjhf ,Uf;Fk;.rkpf;if fhl;Ltjhf ,Uf;Fk;.

NkNy cs;s ghpe;Jiufs; ,dxopg;gpdhy; ghjpf;fg; gl;lth;fs;> rptpy; r%fq;fis mth;fs;

,Uf;Fkplq;fspNy ,ay;G tho;Tf;F nfhz;L tUtjw;F Njitahd kpf fbdkhd fhyg;gFjp

KOtJk; mth;fSf;F MjuT toq;fpa mikg;G Kjypath;fSld; ,ize;J nrd;W KOikahd

kdpj chpikfs; gw;wpa vjph;ghg;Gfis ajhh;j;jkhf khw;wl;Lk;.

51


j;jPh;g;ghakhdJ> jq;fs; tho;iffis MokhfTk; epj;jpakhfTk; njhl;Ltpl;l cz;ikfs;

njhlh;ghf> rhl;rpakspf;f Jzpr;rNyhL Kd;te;j fz;fz;l rhl;rpfspd; mbg;gilg;

gq;fspg;ig Fwpg;ghf mq;fPfhpf;fhky; jdJ gzpia epiwT nra;a KbahJ. gypahfp

tpl;lth;fSila Mff;$ba jFjptha;e;j gpujpepjpfshf ,tHfs; ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;. ,e;j

gypahdth;fspd; vz;zpf;if xU NghJk; njhpatug; Nghtjpy;iy vd;gNjhL> mth;fSila

Jd;gq;fisAk; KOikahf tpthpf;f KbahJ. mth;fSila chpikfis mq;fPfhpg;gJk; ghJfhg;gJk;>

,e;j epue;ju kf;fs; jPh;g;ghaj;jpd; ,Ug;gpdJk; nraw;ghLfspdJk; fhuzq;fshf ,Uf;fpd;wd.

jw;NghJs;s #o;epiyapy; ,e;j ehl;bNy epfo;j;jg;gl;l ml;̂ opaq;fis Neubahf fz;l ,e;j

rhl;rpfs; NkYk; mj;JkPwYf;F cl;glf;$ba mghaj;jpy; ,Uf;fpwhh;fs; vd;gijAk; ,e;j mj;JkPwy;fs;

Neubahf mth;fsJ jdpg;gl;l Rje;jpuj;Jf;F vjpuhfTk; mth;fsJ FLk;gq;fis ml;̂ spaq;fSf;F

cl;gLj;Jtjd; %yKk; epfo;j;jg;glyhk; vd;gijAk; PPT ed;F czh;e;jpUf;fpwJ

vdNt> ,q;F rhl;rpakspj;jth;fSf;F my;yJ mth;fsJ FLk;gq;fSf;F Vw;glf;$ba VjhtJvdNt> ,q;F rhl;rpakspj;jth;fSf;F my;yJ mth;fsJ FLk;gq;fSf;F Vw;glf;$ba VjhtJvdNt> ,q;F rhl;rpakspj;jth;fSf;F my;yJ mth;fsJ FLk;gq;fSf;F Vw;glf;$ba VjhtJvdNt> ,q;F rhl;rpakspj;jth;fSf;F my;yJ mth;fsJ FLk;gq;fSf;F Vw;glf;$ba VjhtJvdNt> ,q;F rhl;rpakspj;jth;fSf;F my;yJ mth;fsJ FLk;gq;fSf;F Vw;glf;$ba VjhtJ

jPq;FfSf;F> vkJ jPh;g;Gf;Fs; cs;slf;fg; gl;bUf;fpw mjpfhu gPlj;jpdUk; nraw;ghl;lhsh;fSNkjPq;FfSf;F> vkJ jPh;g;Gf;Fs; cs;slf;fg; gl;bUf;fpw mjpfhu gPlj;jpdUk; nraw;ghl;lhsh;fSNkjPq;FfSf;F> vkJ jPh;g;Gf;Fs; cs;slf;fg; gl;bUf;fpw mjpfhu gPlj;jpdUk; nraw;ghl;lhsh;fSNkjPq;FfSf;F> vkJ jPh;g;Gf;Fs; cs;slf;fg; gl;bUf;fpw mjpfhu gPlj;jpdUk; nraw;ghl;lhsh;fSNkjPq;FfSf;F> vkJ jPh;g;Gf;Fs; cs;slf;fg; gl;bUf;fpw mjpfhu gPlj;jpdUk; nraw;ghl;lhsh;fSNk

gpuj;jpNafkhf nghWg;ghdth;fs; vd;W fUjg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;W gpufldk; nra;fpwJ.gpuj;jpNafkhf nghWg;ghdth;fs; vd;W fUjg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;W gpufldk; nra;fpwJ.gpuj;jpNafkhf nghWg;ghdth;fs; vd;W fUjg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;W gpufldk; nra;fpwJ.gpuj;jpNafkhf nghWg;ghdth;fs; vd;W fUjg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;W gpufldk; nra;fpwJ.gpuj;jpNafkhf nghWg;ghdth;fs; vd;W fUjg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;W gpufldk; nra;fpwJ.

jPh;g;ghaj;jpDila cz;ik jPh;g;ghaj;jpDila cz;ik jPh;g;ghaj;jpDila cz;ik jPh;g;ghaj;jpDila cz;ik jPh;g;ghaj;jpDila cz;ik – mwpAk; ,Lgzpf;F JzpNthL gq;fspg;Gr; nra;j rhl;rpfSila mwpAk; ,Lgzpf;F JzpNthL gq;fspg;Gr; nra;j rhl;rpfSila mwpAk; ,Lgzpf;F JzpNthL gq;fspg;Gr; nra;j rhl;rpfSila mwpAk; ,Lgzpf;F JzpNthL gq;fspg;Gr; nra;j rhl;rpfSila mwpAk; ,Lgzpf;F JzpNthL gq;fspg;Gr; nra;j rhl;rpfSila

ghJfhg;G njhlh;ghf $h;ikahd ftdj;ij Ngz ehk; vk;ik mh;gzpj;J nfhs;fpNwhk;.ghJfhg;G njhlh;ghf $h;ikahd ftdj;ij Ngz ehk; vk;ik mh;gzpj;J nfhs;fpNwhk;.ghJfhg;G njhlh;ghf $h;ikahd ftdj;ij Ngz ehk; vk;ik mh;gzpj;J nfhs;fpNwhk;.ghJfhg;G njhlh;ghf $h;ikahd ftdj;ij Ngz ehk; vk;ik mh;gzpj;J nfhs;fpNwhk;.ghJfhg;G njhlh;ghf $h;ikahd ftdj;ij Ngz ehk; vk;ik mh;gzpj;J nfhs;fpNwhk;.

vkJ gzp kw;Wk; fye;jhNyhrid nra;jy;fSf;F gq;fspg;G nra;jth;fs; vd;w cz;ikapd;

fhuzkhf> rhl;rpfs; mDgtpf;ff;$ba ve;j xU gpd;tpisTfisAk; fz;fhzpj;J mit njhlh;ghf

cldbahf nray;gLtjpy; xU nray; Kidg;ghd tfpghj;jpuj;ij vLf;f PPT Maj;jkhfTk;

mh;g;gzpg;GlDk; ,Ug;gij NkYk; mJ gpufldg; gLj;JfpwJ.

,,,,,

7. KbTiuf; Fwpg;Gfs; KbTiuf; Fwpg;Gfs; KbTiuf; Fwpg;Gfs; KbTiuf; Fwpg;Gfs; KbTiuf; Fwpg;Gfs;

52


l;rpaq;fs; mspf;fg;gl;l NghJ ,dxopg;G vd;gJ njhlh;ghd gy; NtWgl;l vz;zg;

Nghf;Ffis ehk; Nfl;Nlhk; ,J xU ,dxopg;G vdpd; mJ ve;j tifiar; Nrh;e;jJ

? my;yJ mJ vj;jifa ghpkhzq;fis vLf;fpwJ ?

Fwpg;ghd gz;Gfis ehk; milahsk; fz;L Kidg;Gg; gLj;jp cq;fs; ftdj;Jf;F jUfpNwhk;.

1. ,J xU Njrpa Raeph;zak; kw;Wk; xU Rje;jpukhd muR mikg;gjpy; MAjk; jhpj;j Nghuhl;lk;

rl;lG+h;tkhdjh my;yJ rl;lG+h;tkw;wjh vd;w Nfs;tp gzakhf cs;sJ. Njrpa Raeph;za kWg;Ng>

,e;j ,dxopg;G ikaj;jpy; ,Uf;fpwJ. jhq;fs; mDgtg;gl;l mlf;FKiw ml;̂ spaq;fs;> cly;

hPjpahd kw;Wk; fyhr;rhu hPjpahd mopg;G gy jrhg;j fhy iftplg;gLjy; Kjypait fhuzkhf>

<oj;jkpoh;fs; xw;iwahl;rp rpwpyq;fhtpDs;Ns ,uz;lhk; ju rpWghd;ikapduhfNt jhk; ,Uf;f

Ntz;Lk; vd;w fl;lisg;gbt tha;g;ghl;il Vw;f kWf;fpwhh;fs;. mth;fs; jq;fis rpwpyq;fhj;

jkpoh;fs; vd;W my;y> <oj;jkpoh;fs; vd;W eph;zapj;Jf; nfhz;Nl mth;fs; jq;fSf;nfd xU

jhafj;ij NjLfpwhh;fs;.

2. ,e;j ,d xopg;ghdJ %Nyhgha hPjpahd fhuzq;fSf;fhf gphpj;jhdpauhy; ,q;F epWtg;gl;l

Fwpg;ghd fhydpj;Jt Ml;rp tbtj;jpy; mjd; Njhw;Wtha; ,Uf;fpwJ. ,e;j %Nyhgha hPjpahd

fhuzq;fs;> mth;fSila rhk;uh[;aj;jpd; cs;NsNa ,e;j jPTf;F jdpr;rYiffis toq;fp ,e;jpahtpy;

,lk; ngw;Wf; nfhz;bUe;j Rje;jpu ,af;fq;fspypUe;J rpq;fsth;fisg; gphpj;J itj;jpUf;Fk;

tpjj;jpy; Ntz;Lnkd;Nw xU ,dhPjpahf Nkyhz;ik milahsk; xd;iw rpq;fsth;fSf;nfd

Njhw;Wtpj;jhh;fs;. ,e;j jpl;l Nehf;Fila r%f ifahSifahdJ> Gjpa fhydpj;Jt ehl;bDila

nghwpaikg;Gf;Fs; mg;gbNa flj;jg;gl;lJ.

3. jkpo; <oj;jpDila r%f fl;bnaOg;Gjy; nray; KiwahdJ xU murpay; ,af;fk; vd;w

tifapNyh my;yJ MAjk;jhpj;j Nghuhl;lk; vd;w tifapNyh my;yhky; rpwpyq;fh murpd;

Ml;rpapypUe;J tpLtpf;fg;gl;l tyaq;fspNy> Mff; Fiwe;jJ ,uz;L jrhg;jq;fshf mq;fpUe;j

kf;fspilNa epfo;e;J nfhz;bUe;j jpdrhp tof;fq;fs; kw;Wk; thOk; fyhr;rhuq;fspyhd khw;wq;fspy;

rhrhrhrhrh

gpd;dpizg;G gpd;dpizg;G gpd;dpizg;G gpd;dpizg;G gpd;dpizg;G I

tof;fhsp jug;G $w;wpypUe;J ngwg;gl;l rpy gFjpfstof;fhsp jug;G $w;wpypUe;J ngwg;gl;l rpy gFjpfstof;fhsp jug;G $w;wpypUe;J ngwg;gl;l rpy gFjpfstof;fhsp jug;G $w;wpypUe;J ngwg;gl;l rpy gFjpfstof;fhsp jug;G $w;wpypUe;J ngwg;gl;l rpy gFjpfs;

<oj; jkpoh;fspd; kPjhd rpwpyq;fhtpd; ,dxopg;gpd; Fzhjpraq;fs;

53


Mokhf Nth;nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. Nghh;#oy; fhuzkhf Mokhd ghJfhg;gw;w jd;ikAldhd #oypy;

tho;e;J nfhz;bUe;j NghJk; r%feyd; Nehf;Ffis $l;lhz;ikahf;fp> jq;fs; rhjpmikg;ig

mfw;wpf; nfhz;bUe;j xU r%fj;jpNy> ngz;fs; jq;fSf;F jhq;fNs ,aYikfis toq;fpf;

nfhz;bUe;j xU r%fj;jpNy> KOjhf xU jiyKiwapdh; tsh;e;J nfhz;bUe;jhh;fs;. ,e;j

,dxopg;G hPjpahd jhf;FjyhdJ> xU mgpyhiria kl;Lky;yhJ> Vw;fdNt ,Ug;gpy; ,Ue;j

E}whapuf;fzf;fhd kf;fSila tho;e;J ngw;w mDgtj;jpd; %y KjYUitAk; mopg;gij ,yf;fhf

nfhz;bUe;jJ.

,e;j tifapNy ghh;f;fg; Nghdhy; fl;bnaOg;Gjy; vd;w r%fnray;Kiwia cUf;nfhs;s

mDkjpj;jpUe;j j.tp.Gypfspd; MAjk; jhpj;j cWg;gpdh;fis mr;nray; Kiwapy; ,Ue;J mbg;gilapy;

gphpj;Jg; ghh;g;gJk; Fbrhh; kf;fs; njhifapdUf;F vjpuhf Gypfis epWj;jpg; ghh;g;gJk; kpfTk;

jtwhd Ghpe;J nfhs;SjyhfNt ,Uf;Fk;. ,J ciog;ig NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Lk; my;yJ gphpj;Jf;

fhl;Lk; fUj;Nj my;yhJ Kuz;ghl;il nghJthf $Wtjhf ,y;iy. vq;fSf;F mspf;fg;gl;l

rhl;rpaq;fspNy xU nghJ Njrpa nray; jpl;lk;> mjhtJ jkpoPoj;Jf;fhd xUikg; gLj;jg;gl;l

,af;f czh;it ehk; Nfl;Nlhk;.

,e;j tifapNy ghh;f;fg; Nghdhy; fl;bnaOg;Gjy; vd;w r%fnray;Kiwia cUf;nfhs;s

mDkjpj;jpUe;j j.tp.Gypfspd; MAjk; jhpj;j cWg;gpdh;fis mr;nray; Kiwapy; ,Ue;J mbg;gilapy;

gphpj;Jg; ghh;g;gJk; Fbrhh; kf;fs; njhifapdUf;F vjpuhf Gypfis epWj;jpg; ghh;g;gJk; kpfTk;

jtwhd Ghpe;J nfhs;SjyhfNt ,Uf;Fk;. ,J ciog;ig NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Lk; my;yJ gphpj;Jf;

fhl;Lk; fUj;Nj my;yhJ Kuz;ghl;il nghJthf $wtjhf ,y;iy. vq;fSf;F mspf;fg;gl;l

rhl;rpaq;fspNy xU nghJ Njrpa nray; jpl;lk;> mjhtJ jkpoPoj;Jf;fhd xUikg; gLj;jg;gl;l

,af;f czh;it ehk; Nfl;Nlhk;.

,e;j r%fnray;Kiwia csTud; rpijf;fg;gl;l jq;fs; ,Ug;Gf;fhf kl;Lk; ftiyg; gLfpd;w

jdpegh;fis nfhz;l rpWrpW FOf;fshf khw;wNt ,dxopg;G ,Uf;fpwJ. mJ FOtpDila

FOj;jd;ikia mopg;gjw;Nf ,Uf;fpwJ. fpsh;r;rp Kwpabg;G jfT Nehf;fpy; ,Ue;J ghh;f;Fk;

nghOJ MAjk; jhpj;j xU ,af;fj;ij mopg;gjw;fhd xNu topahf> mJ vjd; gFjpahf ,Uf;fpwNjh>

me;j r%fj;ij fl;bnaOg;Gk; FOnray; Kiwia mopg;gJ ,Uf;fpwJ.

,dxopg;gpd; mj;jpatrpakhd Mf;f $whf> Kidg;Gg; gLj;jg;gl;l ghy; hPjpahd xLf;F Kiw

,Ug;gjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij ehk; rhl;rpfspy; Kidg;ghf;fp fhl;bapUf;fpNwhk;. rpwpyq;fh gilfs;

Nghhpd; NghJk; jw;NghJ tlf;ifAk; fpof;ifAk; Mf;fpukpj;jpUf;Fk; #o;epiyapd; fPOk; jpl;lkpl;l

hPjpapyhd ty;YwTfis Nkw;nfhs;Stjd; %yk; “ehq;fs; jkpo; ngz;fshd cq;fs;kPJ ty;YwT

nfhs;Nthk;. cq;fs;kPJ ty;YwT nfhs;tjd; %yk; ehq;fs; Njrpa jkpo; milahsj;ij mopf;fpNwhk;”

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fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; nra;KiwNahL njhlh;G gl;ljhfTk; ,Uf;fpwJ. ,e;j ,dg;ngUf;fj;ij fl;Lg;

gLj;jyhdJ tw;GWj;Jk; tpjj;jpyhd FLk;gf; fl;Lg;ghl;L KiwfshYk; rhjpf;fg;gLfpwJ

5. <oj;jkpoh;fs; kPjhd ,dxopg;ghdJ toikahf> ghrprj;NjhLk; rh;tjpfhuj;NjhLk; ,ize;jpUf;Fk;>

jilNaJkpy;yhj mur gaq;futhjj;jpd; Kidg;ghf ntspg;gLj;jg; gLjYk; mJ> jhuhs

rdehafq;fshy; KOikahf mwpag;gl;bUe;Jk; KOikahd cyfshtpa jz;lid fhg;Gld;

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kPjhd Nghhpd; xU gFjpahf epahag;gLj;JtJk; mJ mjph;r;rp Az;lhf;Fk; tpjj;jpy; kdpj chpik

54


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rhUk.;;

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mjpfhpj;J nry;fpd;wd.

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mDg;gpapUe;j Nfgps; %ykhfNt vq;fSf;Ff; fpilj;jJ.

55


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,Wf;fp tpl;bUf;Fk;. vjph;fhyKk; Jauhh;e;jjhf ,Ue;jpUf;Fk;” vd;W $wpdhh;.

56


cah; kl;l MNyhrid toq;fypy; ,Ue;J 1990 fspd; filf;$Wtiu KJepiy mjpfhhpfs;

gilazp KOtJf;Fk; gapw;rpaspj;jy; tiuahdJk; gila Gydha;T jfty; toq;Fjy; tiuahdJk;

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nghyp]; mjpfhhpfs; nraw;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jhh;fs;.

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nfhz;lhYk; Nkw;gb Mtzj;njhFjp KOikahf Muhag;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;W ehk; Nfl;fpNwhk;.

57


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ghh;f;f Ntz;ba Njit ,Uf;fpwJ.

mth;fs; kUj;Jtkidfs; kPJ Fz;L tPrpanghOJ my;yJ mJ Nghd;w nraw;ghLfis

Nkw;nfhz;lNghJ my;yJ ePq;fs; fle;j rpyehl;fspNy gutyhf Nfs;tpg; gl;lJ Nghd;w nraw;ghLfis

Nkw;nfhz;lNghJ mth;fSf;F mitfis nra;Ak; cj;Njrk; ,Ue;jjh my;yJ jtWjyhf ele;J

tpl;l tplakh? mth;fs; gyte;jkhf kf;fis xU ,lj;jpypUe;J mfw;wpr; nrd;wNghJ my;yJ

4tJ n[dpth cld; ghl;bd; 49tJ gphpit kPWk; tpjj;jpy; ,d Ijhf;fypy; <Lgl;lnghOJ mijr;

nra;Ak; cj;Njrk; cz;ikapy; mth;fSf;F ,Uf;ftpy;iy vd ehk; $wKbAkh? mbNahL xopj;Jf;

fl;Lk; Fw;wkhd> czT> ePh;> kUe;Jfs; Kjypait kf;fisAk; Ngha;r; Nruhky; jLj;j nghOJ>

mijr; nra;Ak; cj;Njrk; mth;fSf;F ,Ue;jjh my;yJ mtw;iw Vw;wpr; nrd;w nyhwpfs;

mth;fis nrd;wila Kbatpy;iy. vd;gjhy; mJ epfo;e;jjh?

cjhuzkhf> me;j jkpoh;fs; midtiuAk; ,lk;ngaHe;Njhh; Kfhk;fspy; itj;jpUf;f rpwpyq;fh

muR cz;ikapy; cj;Njrpj;jpUe;jjh?

mth;fs; tlf;if gila kag;gLj;j cj;Njrpj;jpUe;jhh;fsh? Mz;fisAk; ngz;fisAk; ghypay;

ty;YwTf;F cl;gLj;Jk; cj;Njrk; mth;fSf;F ,Ue;jjh? jkpo; fyhr;rhuj;jpd; kPjhd jhf;FjypYk;

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FwpaPLfisAk; trjpfisAk; epiy epWj;jpdhh;fsh? my;yJ ,it vy;yhNk jpl;lkplg;glhj

tpgj;Jf;fsh?

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mit jpfpiy cUthf;FtJkhf ,Uf;fpd;wd. mNdf rhl;rpfs; ,it gw;wp rhl;rpakspj;jpUg;gjhy;

ePq;fSk; mtw;iw mwpe;jpUf;fpwPh;fs;. Vw;fdNt rpwpyq;fhit tpl;L ntspNawptpl;l E}whapuf;

fzf;fhd kf;fSld; ,ize;J rpwpyq;fhTf;F ntspNa Gfyplk; NfhUk; kf;fspd; vz;zpf;iffs;

mjpfhpj;jpUg;gijAk; ehk; Nfs;tpg;gl;bUf;fpNwhk;. nts;sk;Nghy; te;jpUf;Fk; ,e;j Gfyplf;

58


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cj;Njrj;ij nfhz;bUg;gJ kw;Wk; jPtpypUe;J njhlh;r;rpahf jkpoh;fs; ntspNaWtij tuNtw;fpwhh;fs;

vd;w cz;ik cs;spl;l gy jfty;fis ehk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;.

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gpd;tUtd Nghd;w….. gfpuq;fkhd J}z;btpLjy;fs; epfo;e;jpUf;fpd;wd. … “Ks;sptha;f;fhypy;

mfg;gl;bUg;gth;fs; gaq;futhjpfspd; cwtpdh;fs;jhd;. mth;fis Fbrhh; kf;fs; vd;Nw fUjKbahJ”

$l;lurpd; gq;fhspf; fl;rp xd;wplkpUe;J> 2009 [dthp 08k; jpfjp.

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KbahJ.

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ePq;fs; Nfl;bUf;fpwPh;fs;.

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2009 Nk 16k; jpfjpastpy; j. tp. Gypfs; gilahPjpahf Njhw;fbf;fg;gl;L ruz; miltjw;fhd

epge;jidfis Nfhhpf;nfhz;bUe;j epiyapNy> ,j;jpdj;Jf;F mg;ghy; njhlh;e;Jk; ngUe; njhiffspy;

<oj;jkpoh;fis Ks;sptha;f;fhypy; nfhd;W nfhz;bUe;jJ KOikahfNt %yhjhukhf ,Uf;fpwJ.

j.tp. Gypfis Kwpabg;gjw;F Fbrhh; kf;fisAk; j.tp. G. cWg;gpdh;fisAk; mjw;F gpd; nfhy;tjw;fhd

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trjp Vw;gLj;jTNk ,e;j Kaw;rp Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

mopf;fg;gl Ntz;baJ Gypfs; kl;Lk;jhd; vd;wpUf;ftpy;iy. ,dhPjpahd> murpay; hPjpahd FO

vd;w tifapyhd jq;fs; milahsj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jk; fUj;J kw;Wk; njhiy Nehf;F vd

<oj;jkpoh;fshy; fUjg;gl;l jkpoPo tpLjiy vd;w fUj;jpaYk; mopf;fg;gl Ntz;bapUe;jJ. jhafk;>

mjhtJ <ok; vd;gJ jkpoH vd;w milahsj;Jf;F mbg;gilahdjhf ,Ue;jJ ….. ,Uf;fpwJ.

59


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VjhtJ ,Ue;jhy;> mitjhd>; ,q;Nf ehq;fs; re;jpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,e;j Ntis tiuapYk;

$l mopf;fg; gl;Lf;nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. gilapdUila jhf;FjypDila njspthd Fwpapyf;fhf

,dxopg;G hPjpahd nfhiy nra;jy; ,Uf;fpwJ. me;jj; jhf;FjyhdJ fl;lk; fl;lkhf mtjhdkhfj;

jpl;lkplg;gl;lJ. ,Wjpf; fl;lj;jpNy E}whapuj;Jf;fhd <oj;jkpoh;fis mopj;njhopf;f fl;lk; fl;lkhf

jpl;lk; jPl;lg;gl;lJ.

,dxopg;G hPjpahd td;Kiwapdhy; kWf;fg;gl;l <oj; jkpo; ,dj;jtuJ rl;lG+h;tkhd Nghuhl;lj;ij

cyfpDila kf;fs; mq;fPfhpf;f Ntz;Lk;. mth;fSila jd;dhh;t tpUg;gk; Ntwhd xU ehLjhd;

,e;j ,dxopg;Gf;F vjpuhf Fuy; nfhLf;Fk;gbAk; Njrpa Raeph;zaj;Jf;F <oj; jkpoUf;F ,Uf;Fk;

rl;lg+h;t chpikia mq;fPfhpf;Fk;gbAk; ePjpgjpfspd; Maj;jpdhplk; tpz;zg;gpg;gJld; midj;J

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nra;Ak;gb miog;G tpLf;fpNwhk;. ,dxopg;ig jLg;gJk; Njrpa chpikfis ngWtJk; ,e;j

tof;fpy;> xd;wpypUe;J xd;W gphpf;fg;gl Kbahjitahf ,Uf;fpd;wd.

,e;j ,dxopg;G hPjpahd jpl;lj;jpDila Mf ,WjpahdJk; jpl;lkplg;gl;lJkhd cj;Njr ngWNgwhf

jkpo; <oj;ij mopg;gjhf ,Ue;jJ…… ,g;nghOJk; ,Uf;fpwJ. mJ xU gFjp ntw;wpia

mile;jpUf;fpwJ. ,Jtiuapy; KOikahfNth khw;w Kbahj tpjj;jpNy mJ ntw;wp ngwtpy;iy.

mjdhy; jhd; njhlh;e;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,dxopg;ig jLg;gjw;fhd ,af;fj;jpd; xU gFjp vd;w

tifapNy ,e;j jPh;g;ghak; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngw;wpUf;fpwJ.

Mz;b `pf;fpd;nghl;lk; & fNud; ghh;f;fh;

09 brk;gh; 2013 | gpnwk;kd;> n[h;kdp

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Mfpatw;why; epakpf;fg;gl;lJ.

60


gpd;dpizg;G gpd;dpizg;G gpd;dpizg;G gpd;dpizg;G gpd;dpizg;G II

Gifg;gl>tPbNah kw;Wk; vOj;J %ykhd rkh;g;gpg;Gfs;

mwpKf tplag;gFjpfs;.mwpKf tplag;gFjpfs;.mwpKf tplag;gFjpfs;.mwpKf tplag;gFjpfs;.mwpKf tplag;gFjpfs;.

1. vz;zf;fU Ma;twpf;if – rHtNjr kdpj chpikfs; rq;fk;> n[Hkdp.

2. Fw;wg; gj;jphpif: ,d xopg;G kw;Wk; rHtNjr cle;ijahapUj;jy; njhlHghf lg;spd; jPHg;ghak; njhlH

Ma;T nra;fpwJ:rpwpyq;fh muR kw;Wk; mjw;F cle;ijahapUe;NjhH kPJ <oj; jkpoHfs; kPJ ,dxopg;G

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jPtpDila %Nyhgha hPjpahd Kf;fpaj;Jtk; kw;Wk; xw;iwf; fl;likg;gpd; cUthf;fk;.jPtpDila %Nyhgha hPjpahd Kf;fpaj;Jtk; kw;Wk; xw;iwf; fl;likg;gpd; cUthf;fk;.jPtpDila %Nyhgha hPjpahd Kf;fpaj;Jtk; kw;Wk; xw;iwf; fl;likg;gpd; cUthf;fk;.jPtpDila %Nyhgha hPjpahd Kf;fpaj;Jtk; kw;Wk; xw;iwf; fl;likg;gpd; cUthf;fk;.jPtpDila %Nyhgha hPjpahd Kf;fpaj;Jtk; kw;Wk; xw;iwf; fl;likg;gpd; cUthf;fk;.

1. jkpo; kf;fSf;F vjpuhd ,d xopg;gpy; gphpj;jhdpa muR cle;ijahapUe;jJ> gFjp1 rHtNjr kdpj

chpikfs; rq;fk;> n[Hkdp.

2. jkpo; kf;fSf;F vjpuhd ,d xopg;gpy; gphpj;jhdpa muR cle;ijahapUe;jJ: 1945 f;F gpd;dhdit>

gFjp 2 – tpuh[; nkz;b];> rHtNjr kdpj chpikfs; rq;fk;> n[Hkdp kw;Wk; gpy; kpy;yH> Nfhg;gNww;

Nthr;> gphpj;jhdpah.

gpd;NrHf;if 1:gpd;NrHf;if 1:gpd;NrHf;if 1:gpd;NrHf;if 1:gpd;NrHf;if 1: epfo;T Ma;T> ,yq;ifapy; gphpj;jhdpa fpsHr;rp Kwpabg;G epGzHfs;> 1971( gpy; kpy;yH

vOjpa ‘rpwpyq;fhtpy; vk;.I 15 – nrhy;yg;glhj fij’> jpwe;j rdehafk;> 5 etk;gH> 2013)

,izg;G: <http://www.opendemocracy.net/opensecurity/phil-miller/mi5-in-ceylonuntold-story>

gpd;NrHf;if 2: gpd;NrHf;if 2: gpd;NrHf;if 2: gpd;NrHf;if 2: gpd;NrHf;if 2: jpUNfhzkiyj; JiwKfj;jpd; kPjhd gphpj;jhdpahtpd; MHtk;> 1971 ( ghJfhg;G mikr;R

gpujkH vl;Ntl; P̀j;-,w;nfd 1971 Nkapy; ,e;j ,ufrpa mwpf;ifia jahH nra;jJ.)

‘,yq;iff;fhd Nrhtpaj; gila cjtp: jpUNfhzkiyapy; cs;s flw;gil js trjpfis

Nrhtpaj;Jf;F toq;Ftjpd; gpd;tpisTfs;’ Njrpa Mtzf;fhg;gfk;;,FCO 37/810

gpd;NrHf;if 3:gpd;NrHf;if 3:gpd;NrHf;if 3:gpd;NrHf;if 3:gpd;NrHf;if 3:’rpwpyq;fhTf;fhd I, MAj Vw;Wkjpfs;: mDkjpg; gj;jpuq;fs;toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd……1997-

2008’> Saferworld ,y; ,Ue;J jutpwf;fk; nra;ag; gl;lJ.;

,izg;G: <http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200809/cmselect/cmquad/178/178we23.htm>

gpd;NrHf;if 4: gpd;NrHf;if 4: gpd;NrHf;if 4: gpd;NrHf;if 4: gpd;NrHf;if 4: ‘2001 ,y; ,Ue;J> rpwpyq;fhTf;fhd I, MAj tpw;gidfs; njhlHghd Clf

mwpf;iffs;.

- “ I, tHj;jfHfshy; rpwpyq;fhTf;F ‘ntw;wpl Fz;Lfs;’ tpw;gid”> 23 etk;gH> 2001.

,izg;G: <http://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/nov/23/armstrade.srilanka>

- “rpwpyq;fhtpDila #l;L tYit tsk;gLj;j> I, MjuTld; ,];Nuy; xg;ge;jk;. re;Njfj;Jf;fplkhd

MAjg; Nguq;fs; Fwpj;j rdhjpgjp tprhuiz”> 13 brk;gH> 2006

,izg;G: <http://www.island.lk/2006/12/13/news1.html>


Rdhkp cjtpf;Fr; rkdhd rpwpyq;fhTf;fhd I, MAj tpw;gid> 3 Nk> 2007

,izg;G: <http://www.tamilnet.com/art.html?catid=13&artid=22056>

- jkpo; GypfSldhd Kuz;ghl;bd;NghJ rpwpyq;fhTf;F gphpj;jhdpah MAjq;fistpw;gid nra;jJ> 2

A+d;> 2009

,izg;G: <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/srilanka/5426520/Britainsold-arms-to-Sri-Lankaduring-Tamil-Tiger-conflict.html>

61


- “ntspg;gLj;jy;: nfhûkhd rpwpyq;fh muRf;F I , MAj tpw;gid.”> 18 ngg;uthp> 2013

,izg;G: <http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/revealed-uk-sells-arms-to-srilankas-brutal-regime-8498768.html>

gpd;NrHf;if 5: gpd;NrHf;if 5: gpd;NrHf;if 5: gpd;NrHf;if 5: gpd;NrHf;if 5: - rpwpyq;fhTld; gphpj;jhdpa nghyprhhpd; njhlHGfs;.

,izg;G: <http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/local-national/northern-ireland/toppsni-men-advised-forces-of-bloody-sri-lankan-regime-29659207.html>

,izg;G: <http://www.corporatewatch.org/?lid=5076>

,izg;G: <www.heraldscotland.com/news/home-news/revealed-how-scots-police-trainedsri-lankan-cops-linked-to-human-rights-abuse.22090150>

,izg;G: <http://www.corporatewatch.org/?lid=5009>

gpd;NrHf;if 6: gpd;NrHf;if 6: gpd;NrHf;if 6: gpd;NrHf;if 6: gpd;NrHf;if 6: 2007 ,y; rpwpyq;fhTf;F toq;fg;gl;l I.,. gilag; gapw;rp newpfs;.

,izg;G: <https://www.gov.uk/international-defence-training-idt>

,izg;G: <http://www.army.mod.uk/training_education/24475.aspx>

,izg;G: <http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/Careers/How-to-Join/Royal-Navy-Officertraining>

,izg;G: <http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/Careers/How-to-Join/Royal-Navy-Officertraining>

gpd;NrHf;if 7: gpd;NrHf;if 7: gpd;NrHf;if 7: gpd;NrHf;if 7: gpd;NrHf;if 7: gila njhlHghly; jpwd;fs; jpl;lk;.

,izg;G: $fps; Njly; gjk; : SL MilComSkill proposal 12Jun04.doc

,izg;G: Wikileaks cable cited in <http://www.tamilnet.com/art.html?catid=79&artid=3449> ,y; Fwpg;gplg; gl;bUf;Fk; tpf;fp yPf;]; Nfgps;.

gpd;NrHf;if 8: gpd;NrHf;if 8: gpd;NrHf;if 8: gpd;NrHf;if 8: gpd;NrHf;if 8: ];kpj;> hP.V. “ jaf;fk; nfhz;l $ypg;gilapdd;: rpwpyq;fhtpyhd gaq;futhj Kwpabg;G

Nghhpy; gq;F nfhz;l gphpj;jhdpa ,uhZt n`yp Kd;dhs; tpkhdpapd; epidTfs;” Rnrf;];: Gf; fpy;l;

ypkpl;ll;> 2002.

jkpo; kf;fs; kPjhd ,dxopg;G hPjpahd jhf;Fjypd; Mf;ff; $Wfs;> 1930 jkpo; kf;fs; kPjhd ,dxopg;G hPjpahd jhf;Fjypd; Mf;ff; $Wfs;> 1930 jkpo; kf;fs; kPjhd ,dxopg;G hPjpahd jhf;Fjypd; Mf;ff; $Wfs;> 1930 jkpo; kf;fs; kPjhd ,dxopg;G hPjpahd jhf;Fjypd; Mf;ff; $Wfs;> 1930 jkpo; kf;fs; kPjhd ,dxopg;G hPjpahd jhf;Fjypd; Mf;ff; $Wfs;> 1930 – 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002

gFjp xd;W: FbNaw;wj; jpl;lq;fs;> ghFghlhd rl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; jpl;lkpl;l gLnfhiyfs;gFjp xd;W: FbNaw;wj; jpl;lq;fs;> ghFghlhd rl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; jpl;lkpl;l gLnfhiyfs;gFjp xd;W: FbNaw;wj; jpl;lq;fs;> ghFghlhd rl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; jpl;lkpl;l gLnfhiyfs;gFjp xd;W: FbNaw;wj; jpl;lq;fs;> ghFghlhd rl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; jpl;lkpl;l gLnfhiyfs;gFjp xd;W: FbNaw;wj; jpl;lq;fs;> ghFghlhd rl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; jpl;lkpl;l gLnfhiyfs;

1. jkpo; kf;fSf;F vjpuhd ,dxopg;Gfs;: murhy; cjtp toq;fg;gLk; rpq;fs FbNaw;wq;fs; - rHtNjr

kdpj chpikfs; rq;fk;> n[Hkdp

2. ghFghlhd rl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; tpjpfs; - rHtNjr kdpj chpikfs; rq;fk;> n[Hkdp

3. rpwpyq;fhtpyhd murpay;rl;lthjk; kw;Wk; muR cUkhw;wk; - fN[e;jpuFkhH nghd;dk;gyk;> Kd;dhs;

ehlhSkd;w cWg;gpdH kw;Wk; jkpo; Njrpa kf;fs; Kd;dzp jiytH.

4. ,d xopg;gpDila mk;rq;fs; - G+zp nry;tuj;jpdk;> jhafk; ePj;j tho;tpYs;s jkpo; nraw;ghl;lhsH.

gpd;NrHf;if 1: gpd;NrHf;if 1: gpd;NrHf;if 1: gpd;NrHf;if 1: gpd;NrHf;if 1: - rpwpyq;fh: Ftpe;Jnfhz;bUf;Fk; jtWfshyhd Jd;gpay; ehlfk;> rHtNjr A+jHfs;

Mizf;FO Mizf;FO mwpf;if> khHr; 1984.

gpd;NrHf;if 2: gpd;NrHf;if 2: gpd;NrHf;if 2: gpd;NrHf;if 2: gpd;NrHf;if 2: - rpwpyq;fhtpyhd ,d Kuz;ghL kw;Wk; td;nray;fs; - rHtNjr A+jHfs; Mizf;FO

Mizf;FO mwpf;if> 1981.

gpd;NrHf;if 3: gpd;NrHf;if 3: gpd;NrHf;if 3: gpd;NrHf;if 3: gpd;NrHf;if 3: - ‘ePjpahsH tPuke;jphp(r.F.eP- ,y; gy tUlq;fshf ePjpahsuhf gzpahw;wpatH) LLRCf;fhd jdJ rkHg;gpg;gpNy ( 29 etk;gH 2010)> rpwpyq;fh murpayikg;gpNy ghuJ}ukhd khw;wq;fs; Vd;

nra;ag;glNtz;Lk; vd;Wk; Kd;dhs; rdhjpgjp N[.MH.[atHj;jdTf;F ,U KiwfSk; jw;Nghja

rdhjpgjpf;F ,U jlitfSk; jhd; tpLj;j Ntz;LNfhs;fs; vg;gb nrtpld; fhjpy; Cjpa rq;fhapd

vd;Wk; tpthpj;jhH.’

62


,izg;G: <http://www.scribd.com/doc/127226195/Sri-Lanka-Justice-Weeramantry-to-Lessons-Learnt-and-Reconciliation-Commission>

,izg;G: <http://transcurrents.com/tc/2010/08/outline_of_submission_made_to.html>

gpd;NrHf;if 4: gpd;NrHf;if 4: gpd;NrHf;if 4: gpd;NrHf;if 4: gpd;NrHf;if 4: - ‘ fw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l ghlq;fs; kw;Wk; ey;ypzf;f Mizf;FO (LLRC) Tf;F [ae;jjdghy (xU rpq;fs ngsj;jUk; xU Kd;dhs; I.eh. cjtp nrayhsH ehafKk;) mspj;j rkHg;gpg;ghdJ

(25 Xf];w;>2010) midj;J ,d> kj kw;Wk; Vida FOf;fs; ghJfhg;ghfTk; rkj;JtkhfTk; thof;$ba

Njrpa xUikg;ghl;ilf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjpy; xt;nthU murhq;fKk; jtwptpl;lij xg;Gf;nfhs;fpwJ.

,izg;G: <http://www.scribd.com/doc/104705097/Conscientious-Sinhalese-Tell-LLRC>

gpd;NrHf;if 5: gpd;NrHf;if 5: gpd;NrHf;if 5: gpd;NrHf;if 5: gpd;NrHf;if 5: - ‘kyHfshyhdtw;iw xj;j JjpAiufspy; jug;gLk; uh[gf;~ kag;gLj;jg;gl;l

Nkyhjpf;fk;: xU rpwpyq;fh uhrje;jphp rpwpyq;fh jkpoHfis ntspg;gilahf ,opT gLj;jpaik’

,izg;G: <http://www.groundviews.org/2009/02/08/rajapaksrized-chauvinism-inflowery-prose-sri-lankan-diplomat%E2%80%99s-outright-humiliation-of- sri-lankan tamils>

gpd;NrHf;if 6: gpd;NrHf;if 6: gpd;NrHf;if 6: gpd;NrHf;if 6: gpd;NrHf;if 6: - ‘2006 -2012 tiu jk;khNyNa epakpf;fg;gl;ltprhuiz Mizf;FOf;fsJk;

nraw;FOf;fsJk; mwpf;iffis ntspapl rdhjpgjp kWf;fpwhH.’

,izg;G:<http://www.scribd.com/doc/85007346/A-List-of-Commissions-of-Inquiryand-Committees-Appointed-by-the-Government-of-Sri-Lanka-2006-%E2%80%93-2012>

gpd;NrHf;if 7: gpd;NrHf;if 7: gpd;NrHf;if 7: gpd;NrHf;if 7: gpd;NrHf;if 7: - ‘khypq;f vr;. Fzuj;d: xU ,iwikAs;s muRf;fhf> nfhOk;G: tp[pj ahg;gh

gpuRhpg;ghsHfs;.nfhOk;G> 2009.

gpd;NrHf;if 8: gpd;NrHf;if 8: gpd;NrHf;if 8: gpd;NrHf;if 8: gpd;NrHf;if 8: - ‘rpwpyq;fh: ghtid nra;j ,UgJ tUlq;fs;>rpwpyq;fh tprhuiz Mizf;FO> rHtNjr

kd;dpg;Gr; rig> 11 A+d; 2009>

,izg;G: <https://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/ASA37/005/2009/en>

gpd;NrHf;if 9: gpd;NrHf;if 9: gpd;NrHf;if 9: gpd;NrHf;if 9: gpd;NrHf;if 9: - ‘ kdpj Rj;jpfhpg;gpd; %yk; fpof;if nty;y KbAkh? rpwg;G nghUz;kpa tyaq;fs; -

1983 I Nehf;fpa xU fUj;jpay; hPjpahd gazk; - kdpj chpikfSf;fhd gy;fiyf;fof MrphpaH

rq;fk;(aho;g;ghzk;) ,d; mwpf;if> ,y. 26> jpfjp: 3 Xf];w;> 2007

rpq;fs murpay; jiytHfspd; ( ,d xopg;G cj;Njrk; nfhz;l) $w;Wfs;> 1915 rpq;fs murpay; jiytHfspd; ( ,d xopg;G cj;Njrk; nfhz;l) $w;Wfs;> 1915 rpq;fs murpay; jiytHfspd; ( ,d xopg;G cj;Njrk; nfhz;l) $w;Wfs;> 1915 rpq;fs murpay; jiytHfspd; ( ,d xopg;G cj;Njrk; nfhz;l) $w;Wfs;> 1915 rpq;fs murpay; jiytHfspd; ( ,d xopg;G cj;Njrk; nfhz;l) $w;Wfs;> 1915 – 2012- 2012- 2012- 2012- 2012-

rpwpyq;fhtpyhd mikjpf;fhd rpwpyq;fhtpyhd mikjpf;fhd rpwpyq;fhtpyhd mikjpf;fhd rpwpyq;fhtpyhd mikjpf;fhd rpwpyq;fhtpyhd mikjpf;fhd Iwp~;Iwp~;Iwp~;Iwp~;Iwp~; mikg;G. mikg;G. mikg;G. mikg;G. mikg;G.

gpd;NrHf;if 1: gpd;NrHf;if 1: gpd;NrHf;if 1: gpd;NrHf;if 1: gpd;NrHf;if 1: - ‘ rpwpyq;fhtpy; ,lk;ngWk; fdnrwpthd ml;̂ opaq;fis gpuepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jk; murpay;:

ePjpf;fhd rthy;fs; kw;Wk; kPSjy;’

,izg;G: <http://www.tamilnet.com/img/publish/2012/02/Representations_of_Mass_Killings_in_Sri_Lanka_edits.pdf>

gFjp ,uz;L : jkpo; kf;fs; kPjhd xUq;fpizf;fg;gl;l jhf;Fjy;fspd; ,ay;G khw;wk;.gFjp ,uz;L : jkpo; kf;fs; kPjhd xUq;fpizf;fg;gl;l jhf;Fjy;fspd; ,ay;G khw;wk;.gFjp ,uz;L : jkpo; kf;fs; kPjhd xUq;fpizf;fg;gl;l jhf;Fjy;fspd; ,ay;G khw;wk;.gFjp ,uz;L : jkpo; kf;fs; kPjhd xUq;fpizf;fg;gl;l jhf;Fjy;fspd; ,ay;G khw;wk;.gFjp ,uz;L : jkpo; kf;fs; kPjhd xUq;fpizf;fg;gl;l jhf;Fjy;fspd; ,ay;G khw;wk;.

1. gLnfhiyfs;> jpl;lkpl;l gLnfhiyfs;> nrhj;Jfis mopj;jy;> ghypay; td;nray;fs;> rptpy; r%f

jiytHfisg; gLnfhiy nra;jy;> 1956 – 2013 (2009 [dthp – 2009 brk;gH tiuahd NghhpDila

,Wjpf; fl;lk; kw;Wk; 1987 -1989 tiuahd ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;G fhyk; ePq;fyhf)- vd;. khyjp> xU kdpj

Neag; gzpahsH kw;Wk; Ks;sptha;f;fhy; gLnfhiyapy; jg;gpg; gpioj;jtH.;

gpd;NrHf;if 1: gpd;NrHf;if 1: gpd;NrHf;if 1: gpd;NrHf;if 1: gpd;NrHf;if 1: ,y;yhtpl;lhy; ehk; kwe;JtpLNthk;: jkpoHfisg; gLnfhiy nra;jy;> 1956 – 2001>

njhFjp 1 kdpj chpikfSf;fhd tlf;F fpof;F nrayfk; (NESOHR)

gpd;NrHf;if 2:gpd;NrHf;if 2:gpd;NrHf;if 2:gpd;NrHf;if 2:gpd;NrHf;if 2: ,y;yhtpl;lhy; ehk; kwe;JtpLNthk;: jkpoHfisg; gLnfhiy nra;jy;> 2002 – 2008>

njhFjp 2> kdpj chpikfSf;fhd tlf;F fpof;F nrayfk; (NESOHR)

gpd;NrHf;if 3: gpd;NrHf;if 3: gpd;NrHf;if 3: gpd;NrHf;if 3: gpd;NrHf;if 3: ,y;yhtpl;lhy; ehk; kwe;JtpLNthk;: jkpoHfisg; gLnfhiy nra;jy;> Nghhpd;

,Wjpf;fl;lk;> njhFjp 3> kdpj chpikfSf;fhd tlf;F fpof;F nrayfk ;(NESOHR)

gpd;NrHf;if 4: gpd;NrHf;if 4: gpd;NrHf;if 4: gpd;NrHf;if 4: gpd;NrHf;if 4: ts;spGdk;> nrQ;Nrhiy tshf gLnfhiyfs;> 2006.08.14 - kdpj chpikfSf;fhd tlf;F

fpof;F nrayfk;(NESOHR)

63


gpd;NrHf;if 5: gpd;NrHf;if 5: gpd;NrHf;if 5: gpd;NrHf;if 5: gpd;NrHf;if 5: jkpo; <oj;jpYk; rpwpyq;fhtpYk; jkpoHfSf;F vjpuhf epfo;j;jg;gl;l td;nfhLikfspd;

mstpilfs; - <.NyhNf];tudhy; njhFf;fg;gl;lJ.

2. aho; E}yfj;ij vhpj;jy; kw;Wk; ntypf;filr; rpiwg; gLnfhiyfs; - md;ud; gpypg;> ntypf;filr;

rpiwg; gLnfhiyfspy; jg;gpatH.

gpd;NrHf;if 1: gpd;NrHf;if 1: gpd;NrHf;if 1: gpd;NrHf;if 1: gpd;NrHf;if 1: aho; E}yfj;ij vhpj;jy; njhlHghd xU Mtzg; glk;.

gpd;NrHf;if 2: gpd;NrHf;if 2: gpd;NrHf;if 2: gpd;NrHf;if 2: gpd;NrHf;if 2: aho; E}yfj;Jf;fhd mQ;rypg;gh: aho; E}yfj;jpd; tPo;r;rpAk; kPnoOjYk;> kw;Wk; xU

NghJNk kPl;fKbahj vy;yhtw;Wf;Fkhd Jf;fpg;G – Re;jH fNzrd;> `pkhy;- ,y;> rTj;Vrpad;> njhFjp

26> ,y.1>gf;. 179 - 188

3. thjq;fspd; nghJ epiy mwpf;if: rpwpyq;fhtpyhd jkpoHfs; kPjhd ,dxopg;G njhlHghd

r%ftpay;uPjpahd kw;Wk; khDltpay;hPjpahd jfTNehf;Ffs; - MH.Nrud;> fdlh> tpz;l;rH gy;fiyf;fof

r%ftpay; kw;Wk; khDltpay; gPl NguhrphpaH.

gpd;NrHf;if 1: gpd;NrHf;if 1: gpd;NrHf;if 1: gpd;NrHf;if 1: gpd;NrHf;if 1: thuhe;j Mq;fpyg; gj;jphpifahd rw;wNl wptpA+thy; ntspaplg;gl;l>1984 f;Fk; 1987

,ilNa ele;j ,dxopg;G hPjpahd gLnfhiyfs; - MH. Nrud;

Ks;sptha;f;fhy;: Nghhpd; filrpf; fl;lk;.Ks;sptha;f;fhy;: Nghhpd; filrpf; fl;lk;.Ks;sptha;f;fhy;: Nghhpd; filrpf; fl;lk;.Ks;sptha;f;fhy;: Nghhpd; filrpf; fl;lk;.Ks;sptha;f;fhy;: Nghhpd; filrpf; fl;lk;.

1. Aj;j epWj;j cld;ghl;il eilKiwg;gLj;jy; - fN[e;jpuFkhH nghd;dk;gyk;.

2. vd; ehl;by; Ntfkhff; fle;J nrd;w xU fzk;: cz;ikahdJ Nghd;w j.tp.Gypfs; murpDila ,Wjp

ehl;fs;- vd;.khyjp.

3. Ky;iyj;jPT (tl;Lthfy;)>nry;tGuj;jpy; 2009 Nk 18k; jpfjp rpwpyq;fh ,uhZtj;jplk; ruzile;j 100

NgH tiuahNdhH fhzhky; NghdJ – Mde;jp rrPjud;> tl khfhz rig cWg;gpdH kw;Wk; xU NghH

tpjit.

4. jkpo; new;wpdhy; cyFf;Fj; njhptpf;fg;gl;l jpl;lkpl;l hPPjpapy; jkpo; kf;fis Xopj;Jf;fl;Ljy; -

n[ad;ruz; Nfhgpehj;> jkpo; new; njhFg;ghsH.

5. #dpa tiyak;> Nghhpd; ,Wjpf;fl;lk; njhlHghd Mtzg;glk; - fYk; kf;Nu> jpiug;glj; jahhpg;ghsUk;

ClftpayhsUk;

gpd;NrHf;if 1: gpd;NrHf;if 1: gpd;NrHf;if 1: gpd;NrHf;if 1: gpd;NrHf;if 1: vdJ fztH jpU.vopyid (rpd;dj;Jiu rrpjud;) tpLtpg;gjw;fhd Ntz;LNfhs; - kdpj

chpikfSf;fhd I.eh. caH ];jhdPfH> jpUthl;b etePjk;gps;isf;F> Mde;jp rrpjud; vOjpa fbjk;>

jpfjp: 15 nrg;nuk;gH 2012

gpd;NrHf;if 2: gpd;NrHf;if 2: gpd;NrHf;if 2: gpd;NrHf;if 2: gpd;NrHf;if 2: td;dp Jd;gq;fs; - rpwpyq;fh njhlHghd I.eh. epGzHfs; FOTf;F > Mde;jp rrpjud;

vOjpa xU fbjk;> jpfjp:11 etk;gH 2010

gpd;NrHf;if 3: gpd;NrHf;if 3: gpd;NrHf;if 3: gpd;NrHf;if 3: gpd;NrHf;if 3: 2013 A+iyapy; tTdpahtpy; ,lk;ngw;w tlkhfhzj;jpd; khfhz caH ePjp kd;wj;Jf;F

KUfjh]; fN[e;jpdpahy; mDg;gg;gl; Ml;nfhzHT kD.( 2009 Nk 18k; jpfjp jdJ fztUk; NtW

gyUk; rpwpyq;fh MAjg; gilapdhplk; ruzile;jij jhd; fz;ljhf> tpz;zg;gjhhp rhl;rpakspj;jhH.)

gpd;NrHf;if 4: gpd;NrHf;if 4: gpd;NrHf;if 4: gpd;NrHf;if 4: gpd;NrHf;if 4: 2013 A+iyapy; tTdpahtpy; ,lk;ngw;w tlkhfhzj;jpd; khfhz caH ePjp kd;wj;Jf;F

tp~;ZFkhH tre;jpahy; mDg;gg;gl;l Ml;nfhzHT kD.(2009 Nk 18k; jpfjp jdJ kfSk; kUkfDk;

%d;W gps;isfSk; NtW gyUk; rpwpyq;fh MAjg; gilapdhplk; ruzile;jij jhd; fz;ljhf>

tpz;zg;gjhhp rhl;rpakspj;jhH.)

gpd;NrHf;if 5: gpd;NrHf;if 5: gpd;NrHf;if 5: gpd;NrHf;if 5: gpd;NrHf;if 5: Gypfspd; caH kl;lj; jiytHfs; ghJfhg;Gg; gilapdhpd; tiyf;Fs; - - - - - fpwp];

fkNye;jpudpd; mwpf;if

,izg;G: <http://sundaytimes.lk/090531/News/sundaytimesnews_03.html>

gpd;NrHf;if 6: gpd;NrHf;if 6: gpd;NrHf;if 6: gpd;NrHf;if 6: gpd;NrHf;if 6: “ neUf;fbapd; kl;lk; gw;wpa rpwpyq;fh murpd; jtwhd jfty;fs; - rHtNjr

kd;dpg;Gr;rigapd; mwpf;if> Nk 2009> ASA 37/012/2009

gpd;NrHf;if 7: gpd;NrHf;if 7: gpd;NrHf;if 7: gpd;NrHf;if 7: gpd;NrHf;if 7: “ rpiwg;gl;L> iftpyq;fplg;gl;L> nrj;Jf;nfhz;L …. ‘nfhûk;’ kw;Wk; ‘mjpHr;rpA+l;LtJ’

vd Gjpjhf ntspaplg;gl;l NghHf; Fw;w Gifg;glq;fs; $Wfpd;wd.”

,izg;G: <http://www.salem-news.com/articles/june082012/ltte-new-photos-tk.php>

64


gpd;NrHf;if 8: gpd;NrHf;if 8: gpd;NrHf;if 8: gpd;NrHf;if 8: gpd;NrHf;if 8: “ <ok; jkpoHfSf;F vjpuhf rpwpyq;fh ghJfhg;Gg; gilfs; ,urhad MAjq;fisg;

gad;gLj;jpajhd Fw;wr;rhl;L” – rhl;rpfNs ,y;yhj NghH - ,d; mwpf;if

,izg;G: <http://www.warwithoutwitness.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=119%3A20th-april-2009-eyewitness-account-sri-lanka-army-use-chemical-weapons-cluster-ammunitions-andphosphorous-bombs-took-more-than-1000-tamils-as-hostages&catid=41%3Adaily-hrreport&Itemid=65>

gpd;NrHf;if 9: gpd;NrHf;if 9: gpd;NrHf;if 9: gpd;NrHf;if 9: gpd;NrHf;if 9: fw;gopf;fg;gl;L nfhiy nra;ag;gl;ltHfspd; (ngz; j.tp;.G Nghuhspfs;) Gifg;glq;fs;.

gpd;NrHf;if 10: gpd;NrHf;if 10: gpd;NrHf;if 10: gpd;NrHf;if 10: gpd;NrHf;if 10: kUj;Jt kidfs; kPJ rpwpyq;fh MAjg; gilfshy; elj;jg;gl;ljhff; $wg;gLk;

(,urhad MAjq;fspd; ghtid cs;spl;ljhf) jhf;Fjy;fs; njhlHghf xU kUj;Jtuhy; toq;fg;gl;l

Gifg;glq;fs;.

Ks;sptha;f;fhypd; nfhûkhd gpd; tpisTfs;.Ks;sptha;f;fhypd; nfhûkhd gpd; tpisTfs;.Ks;sptha;f;fhypd; nfhûkhd gpd; tpisTfs;.Ks;sptha;f;fhypd; nfhûkhd gpd; tpisTfs;.Ks;sptha;f;fhypd; nfhûkhd gpd; tpisTfs;.

1. rpwpyq;fhj; jPtpNy> NghUf;Fg; gpe;jpa (2009) #o;sikTfspy;> jkpo; ,dKk; mjd; kf;fSk;

elj;jg;gl;l tpjk;: NghUf;Fg; gpe;jpa #o;sikTfspy; jkpo; ,dj;jpd; kPJ njhlHe;J nfhz;bUf;fpw

fl;likg;G hPjpahd ,dxopg;G njhlHghd xU vz;zf;fU hPjpahd/gFg;gha;T hPjpahd tiutr;rl;lk;

kw;Wk; rpy Kd;Ndhb rhl;rpaq;fs; - jkpo; gpuNjrj;jpd; tl khfhzj;jpypUe;J nraw;gLk; xU rl;l

epGzH.

2. <oj;jkpoHfs; kPjhd ghypay; td;nfhLikfs; kw;Wk; rpj;jputij epfo;Tfs; kw;Wk; <oj; jkpo; Gfyplf;

Nfhhpf;ifahsHfis gphpj;jhdpa muR ehL flj;jpaik – yz;ldpypUe;J nraw;gLk; xU rl;l epGzH.

gpd;dpizg;G 1: gpd;dpizg;G 1: gpd;dpizg;G 1: gpd;dpizg;G 1: gpd;dpizg;G 1: rpwpyq;fh MAjg; gilfshy; ty;YwTf;Fl;gLj;jg;gl;l <oj; jkpo; ngz;fspd; 16

rj;jpaf; fljhrpfs;

gpd;dpizg;G 2: gpd;dpizg;G 2: gpd;dpizg;G 2: gpd;dpizg;G 2: gpd;dpizg;G 2: ty;YwT kw;Wk; rpj;jputijf;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;l <oj; jkpoHfspd; 70 rj;jpaf; fljhrpfs;

3. NghHf;Fw;wq;fSf;fhd rhl;rpfis ghpj;jhdpahtpypUe;J ehLflj;Jjy; - I.,. ,ypUe;J nraw;gLk; rl;lepGzH ~pthdp n[fuhrhtpd; mwpf;if.

nghpa vz;zpf;ifapy; jLj;Jitj;jy;:nghpa vz;zpf;ifapy; jLj;Jitj;jy;:nghpa vz;zpf;ifapy; jLj;Jitj;jy;:nghpa vz;zpf;ifapy; jLj;Jitj;jy;:nghpa vz;zpf;ifapy; jLj;Jitj;jy;:

gpd;NrHf;if 1: gpd;NrHf;if 1: gpd;NrHf;if 1: gpd;NrHf;if 1: gpd;NrHf;if 1: rl;lG+Htkhd tiuaiwfSf;F mg;ghw;gl;l: rpwpyq;fhtpy; j.tp.Gypfs; re;Njf egHfis

ngUk; vz;zpf;ifapy; jLj;J itj;jy; - rHtNjr A+jHfs; Mizf;FO mwpf;if> 2010

ngz;fSf;F vjpuhd ghypay; td;nfhLikfs;:ngz;fSf;F vjpuhd ghypay; td;nfhLikfs;:ngz;fSf;F vjpuhd ghypay; td;nfhLikfs;:ngz;fSf;F vjpuhd ghypay; td;nfhLikfs;:ngz;fSf;F vjpuhd ghypay; td;nfhLikfs;:

gpd;NrHf;if 2: gpd;NrHf;if 2: gpd;NrHf;if 2: gpd;NrHf;if 2: gpd;NrHf;if 2: “ehq;fs; cq;fSf;F xU ghlk; Gfl;LNthk;.”: jkpoHfs;kPJ rpwpyq;fh MAjg; gilfshy;

epfo;j;jg;gl;l ghypay; ty;YwT - kdpjchpik fhg;gf mwpf;if> 2013.

gpd;NrHf;if 3: gpd;NrHf;if 3: gpd;NrHf;if 3: gpd;NrHf;if 3: gpd;NrHf;if 3: nghWg;Gf;$wYf;fhd xU miog;G: fpspnehr;rpapy; xU ,sk; ngz;zpd; kuzk; - r%f

epHkhzpfspd; mwpf;if> jpfjp: 30> etk;gH>2013

,izg;G: <http://groundviews.org/2013/11/30/a-call-for-accountability-death-of-ayoung-woman-in-kilinochchi/>

gpd;NrHf;if 4: gpd;NrHf;if 4: gpd;NrHf;if 4: gpd;NrHf;if 4: gpd;NrHf;if 4: tlf;fpYs;s ngz;fs; kw;Wk; Foe;ijfs;: ghypay;hPjpahd Jd;GWj;jy;fs;> kdf;Fiwfs;

kw;Wk; rthy;fs; - Nthr; Nlhf; mwpf;if

gpd;NrHf;if 5: gpd;NrHf;if 5: gpd;NrHf;if 5: gpd;NrHf;if 5: gpd;NrHf;if 5: rpwpyq;fh: tlf;fpYk; fpof;fpYKs;s ngz;fspd; ghJfhg;gpd;ik – rHtNjr neUf;fb

FO> 20> brk;gH> 2011

,izg;G: <http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/regions/asia/south-asia/sri-lanka/217-srilanka-womens-insecurity-in-the-north-and-east.aspx>

gpd;NrHf;if 6: gpd;NrHf;if 6: gpd;NrHf;if 6: gpd;NrHf;if 6: gpd;NrHf;if 6: rpwpyq;fhtpYs;s jkpo; ngz;fspd; jiytpjp – If;fpa ehLfs; kdpj chpikfs; fTz;rpYf;F

fdlh jkpo; fhq;fpu]; rkHg;gpj;j mwpf;if> 23>Vg;uy; 2012

gpd;NrHf;if 7: gpd;NrHf;if 7: gpd;NrHf;if 7: gpd;NrHf;if 7: gpd;NrHf;if 7: rpwpyq;fhtpDila KbTWj;jg;glhj NghH: : : : : rpwpyq;fh MAjg; gilfshy; epfo;;jg;gl;ljhf

$wg;gLk; ghypay; ty;YwT kw;Wk; rpj;jputij njhlHghd gpuhd;]]; `hp]dpd; xU Mtzg;glk;.

65


,izg;G: <https://www.colombotelegraph.com/index.php/video-sri-lankas-unfinishedwar-frances-harrison-and-callum-macrae/>

gpd;NrHf;if 8: gpd;NrHf;if 8: gpd;NrHf;if 8: gpd;NrHf;if 8: gpd;NrHf;if 8: mtSila New;iwfshy; Ml;nfhs;sg;gl;lts;> NghUf;Fg; gpe;jpa rpwpyq;fhtpy; Kd;dhs;

ngz; Nghuhspfs; gw;wpa Mtzg;glk; - r%f epHkhzpfs;.

Link: <http://www.internationalpolicydigest.org/2013/03/27/haunted-by-heryesterdays-female-ex-combatants-in-post-war-sri-lanka/>

tw;GWj;Jk; tifapyhd FLk;gf; fl;Lg;ghLtw;GWj;Jk; tifapyhd FLk;gf; fl;Lg;ghLtw;GWj;Jk; tifapyhd FLk;gf; fl;Lg;ghLtw;GWj;Jk; tifapyhd FLk;gf; fl;Lg;ghLtw;GWj;Jk; tifapyhd FLk;gf; fl;Lg;ghL

gpd;NrHf;if 9: gpd;NrHf;if 9: gpd;NrHf;if 9: gpd;NrHf;if 9: gpd;NrHf;if 9: fpspnehr;rpapy; tw;GWj;Jk; tifapyhd FLk;gf; fl;Lg;ghL - r%f epHkhzpfspd;

mwpf;if> 13 nrg;nuk;gH> 2013.

,izg;G: <http://groundviews.org/2013/09/13/coercive-population-control-inkilinochchi>

gpd;NrHf;if 10: gpd;NrHf;if 10: gpd;NrHf;if 10: gpd;NrHf;if 10: gpd;NrHf;if 10: rl;lj;Jf;F NkNy : tlgy rpwpyq;fhtpy; ngz;fspd; ,dg; ngUf;f chpikia

mj;JkPwy; - r%f epHkhzpfspd; mwpf;if.

,izg;G: <http://groundviews.org/2013/10/11/above-the-law-violations-of-womens-reproductive-rights-in-northern-sri-lanka/>

rpj;jputij:rpj;jputij:rpj;jputij:rpj;jputij:rpj;jputij:

gpd;NrHf;if 11: gpd;NrHf;if 11: gpd;NrHf;if 11: gpd;NrHf;if 11: gpd;NrHf;if 11: nksdj;ij tpl;L ntspNa tUjy;:rpwpyq;fhtpy; njhlHe;Jnfhz;bUf;Fk; rpj;jputij>

2009 – 2011 – rpj;jputijf;F cl;gl;tHfs; eyd; NgZk; kUj;Jt epWtfkhd rpj;jputijapypUe;J

tpLjiy mikg;gpd; mwpf;if.

gilakag;gLj;jy;:gilakag;gLj;jy;:gilakag;gLj;jy;:gilakag;gLj;jy;:gilakag;gLj;jy;:

gpd;NrHf;if 12: gpd;NrHf;if 12: gpd;NrHf;if 12: gpd;NrHf;if 12: gpd;NrHf;if 12: ‘ rpwpyq;fhtpd; tl khfhzj;jpyhd gila gpurd;dk;’ njhlHghd xU Fwpg;G >

nghUz;kpa kw;Wk; murpay; thu rQ;rpifapypUe;J> njhFjp XLVII, ,y. 28 A+iy> 2012.

gpd;NrHf;if 13: gpd;NrHf;if 13: gpd;NrHf;if 13: gpd;NrHf;if 13: gpd;NrHf;if 13: tlf;F fpof;fpyhd gilakakhf;fy; vd;gJ kf;fSila jpdrhp tho;tpy; NrHe;J

nfhs;Sjy; kw;Wk; jiyapLjiyNa Rl;LfpwJ.- vk;.V. Rke;jpud; gh.c> ,d; mwpf;if – jpfjp: 19

Xf];w;> 2012

,izg;G: <http://dbsjeyaraj.com/dbsj/archives/9746>

epyg;gwpg;Gfs; kw;Wk; ,lg;ngaHTfs;:epyg;gwpg;Gfs; kw;Wk; ,lg;ngaHTfs;:epyg;gwpg;Gfs; kw;Wk; ,lg;ngaHTfs;:epyg;gwpg;Gfs; kw;Wk; ,lg;ngaHTfs;:epyg;gwpg;Gfs; kw;Wk; ,lg;ngaHTfs;:

gpd;NrHf;if 14:gpd;NrHf;if 14:gpd;NrHf;if 14:gpd;NrHf;if 14:gpd;NrHf;if 14: ‘cyfshtpa Nky;Nehf;F 2012: Kuz;ghl;bdhYk; td;nray;fspdhYk; cs;sf

,lg;ngaHTf;F cs;shd kf;fs; - cs;sf ,lg;ngaHTfis fz;fhzpf;Fk; ikaj;jpd; mwpf;if> 29

Vg;uy; 2013.

,izg;G: <http://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004BE3B1/(httpInfoFiles)/DB8A259305B071A8C1257B5C00268DDC/$file/global-overview-2012.pdf>

gpd;NrHf;if 15: gpd;NrHf;if 15: gpd;NrHf;if 15: gpd;NrHf;if 15: gpd;NrHf;if 15: “rpwpyq;fh: kiwe;jpUf;Fk; ,lg;ngaHT neUf;fb” - cs;sf ,lg;ngaHTfis

fz;fhzpf;Fk; ikaj;jpd; mwpf;if> 31 xf;NuhgH 2013.

,izg;G: <http://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004BE3B1/(httpInfoFiles)/0F7746546306FCB3C1257AA8005845A6/$file/srilanka-overview-oct2012.pdf>

gpd;NrHf;if 16: gpd;NrHf;if 16: gpd;NrHf;if 16: gpd;NrHf;if 16: gpd;NrHf;if 16: ‘rpwpyq;fh epyg; gwpg;Gfs; kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp J}z;btpl;l ,lg; ngaHTfs;’- I.eh. kdpj

chpikfs; fTz;rpypy; rpwg;G MNyhrfH jFepiy nfhz;l xU mur rhHgw;w epWtdkhd kdpj

chpikfs; kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jpf;fhd Mrpa kd;wj;jpdhy; vOj;J %yk; rkHg;gpf;fg;gl;l $w;W> jpfjp:

13>ngg;uthp> 2012.

gpd;NrHf;if 17: gpd;NrHf;if 17: gpd;NrHf;if 17: gpd;NrHf;if 17: gpd;NrHf;if 17: tlf;F khfhzj;jpy; cs;s epyq;fs;: NghUf;Fg; gpe;jpa murpay;> nfhs;iffs; kw;Wk;

tof;fq;fs;’ – nfhOk;G> khw;Wf; nfhs;iffSf;fhd ikaj;ijr; NrHe;j> gthdp nghz;Nrf;fh kw;Wk;

kpwhf;w`Pkpd; mwpf;if> brk;gH>2011

66


gpd;NrHf;if 18:gpd;NrHf;if 18:gpd;NrHf;if 18:gpd;NrHf;if 18:gpd;NrHf;if 18: ‘NghUkpy;iy rkhjhdKkpy;iy: rpwpyq;fhtpy; kWf;fg;gLk; rpWghd;ikapdH chpikfs;

kw;Wk; ePjp’- rpWghd;ikapdH chpikfSf;fhd rHtNjr FOtpd; mwpf;if> 19 [dthp 2011

gpd;NrHf;if 19: gpd;NrHf;if 19: gpd;NrHf;if 19: gpd;NrHf;if 19: gpd;NrHf;if 19: ‘jpUNfhzkiy caHghJfhg;G tyak; njhlHghd xU RUf;fkhd Fwpg;G kw;Wk;

jpUNfhzkiy khtl;lk; njhlHghd NtW tptfhuq;fs; - gthdp nghz;Nrf;fh kw;Wk; kpwhf; w`Pkpd;

mwpf;if> Nk 2008.

gpd;NrHf;if 20: gpd;NrHf;if 20: gpd;NrHf;if 20: gpd;NrHf;if 20: gpd;NrHf;if 20: jpUNfhzkiyapy; cs;s %J}H fpof;if(rk;G+H caH ghJfhg;G tyak;)

muRilikahf;fiy gpufldg;gLj;Jk; rpwpyq;fh murpd; tHj;jkhdp mwptpj;jy;> ,y. 1499/25, 30 Nk,

2007

rPtNdhghaq;fis mopj;jy.;rPtNdhghaq;fis mopj;jy.;rPtNdhghaq;fis mopj;jy.;rPtNdhghaq;fis mopj;jy.;rPtNdhghaq;fis mopj;jy.;

gpd;NrHf;if 21: gpd;NrHf;if 21: gpd;NrHf;if 21: gpd;NrHf;if 21: gpd;NrHf;if 21: ‘yq;fh @ 63:; “ NghUf;F gpe;jpa mgptpUj;jpapd; “gila tHj;jf nkhly;” – fs

Nehf;Ffs;- Fbkf;fSf;fhd Clftpay;-,y; uh[rpq;fk;-Nrdhehaf;f> jhhpzpapd; fl;Liu.

,izg;G: <http://groundviews.org/2011/02/27/lanka-63-the-2%80%98militarybusiness-model%E2%80%99-of-post-war-economic-development/: downloaded: 04/02/2013>

cs>cly; eyd;fs; kPjhd jhf;Fjy;fs;:cs>cly; eyd;fs; kPjhd jhf;Fjy;fs;:cs>cly; eyd;fs; kPjhd jhf;Fjy;fs;:cs>cly; eyd;fs; kPjhd jhf;Fjy;fs;:cs>cly; eyd;fs; kPjhd jhf;Fjy;fs;:

gpd;NrHf;if 22: gpd;NrHf;if 22: gpd;NrHf;if 22: gpd;NrHf;if 22: gpd;NrHf;if 22: tUlhe;j Rfhjhu mwpf;if> 2012- Rfhjhur; Nritfs; jpizf;fsj;jpd; ntspaPL>

tlkhfhzk;>rpwpyq;fh.

gpd;NrHf;if 23:gpd;NrHf;if 23:gpd;NrHf;if 23:gpd;NrHf;if 23:gpd;NrHf;if 23: ‘td;dpapyhd $l;L kdtL – rpwpyq;fh cs;ehl;Lg; NghH fhuzkhf cs;sf

,lg;ngaHTf;F cs;shNdhhpDila cs MNuhf;fpak; njhlHghd xU gz;GrhH tprhuiz – rHtNjr

csMNuhf;fpa mikg;Gfs; rQ;rpifapy; rpwpyq;fhtpd; aho;g;ghz gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd; csNeha; kUj;Jt

gPlj;jpd; jah NrhkRe;juk; vOjpa fl;Liu>2010, 4:22 doi:10.1186/1752-4458-4-22

,izg;G: <http://www.ijmhs.com/content/4/1/22>

fyhr;rhu hPjpahd milahsj;ijr; rpijj;jy;:fyhr;rhu hPjpahd milahsj;ijr; rpijj;jy;:fyhr;rhu hPjpahd milahsj;ijr; rpijj;jy;:fyhr;rhu hPjpahd milahsj;ijr; rpijj;jy;:fyhr;rhu hPjpahd milahsj;ijr; rpijj;jy;:

gpd;NrHf;if 24: gpd;NrHf;if 24: gpd;NrHf;if 24: gpd;NrHf;if 24: gpd;NrHf;if 24: ‘NtW topfs; %ykhd NghH. NghUf;Fg; gpe;jpa <oj;jpNy jkpoH gpuNjrq;fspDs;

rpq;fs ngsj;jj;ij tphpTgLj;jy; - jkpof kw;Wk; <oj; jkpoHfspilNa ngsj;jk;- gFjp 3 ,y; A+l;

yhy; ngdhz;Nlhtpd; (40 glq;fSldhd) fl;Liu>tphpthf;fq;fSk; KbTfSk;> (njhFg;ghsH) gPl;lH

N~hf;> cg;ryh> cg.ryh gy;fiyf; fofk;.

gpd;NrHf;if 25 : gpd;NrHf;if 25 : gpd;NrHf;if 25 : gpd;NrHf;if 25 : gpd;NrHf;if 25 : ‘epfo;fhyj;ij cUthf;Fjy;: NghUf;Fg; gpe;jpa Njrgf;j rpwpyq;fhtpy; Kjprkhf

tuyhW’ – nghUz;kpa kw;Wk; murpay; thu rQ;rpif> njhFjp xlviII , ,y. 43, 26 xf;NuhgH , 2013,gf;. 91-100 ,y; epuh tpf;fpukrpq;ftpd; fl;Liu.

,izg;G: <https://www.colombotelegraph.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Producing_the_Present.pdf>

gpd;NrHf;if 26: gpd;NrHf;if 26: gpd;NrHf;if 26: gpd;NrHf;if 26: gpd;NrHf;if 26: ‘rpwpyq;fh njhlHghd gf;fr;rhHghdJk; Kw;fw;gpjq;fSldhdJkhd jpul;L’, nghUz;kpa

kw;Wk; murpay; thu rQ;rpif> njhFjp 47 , ,y. 04, 28 [dthp- 03 ngg;uthp 2012-,y; Qhdehj;

xgaNrfutpd; fl;Liu.

,izg;G: <https://www.colombotelegraph.com/wp-content/uploads/2013 /11/ Producing_the_Present.pdf>

gpd;NrHf;if 27: gpd;NrHf;if 27: gpd;NrHf;if 27: gpd;NrHf;if 27: gpd;NrHf;if 27: ‘NghH epidTr; rpd;dk; jpiuePf;fk; nra;ag;gLfpwJ – nla;yp kpwhpd; xU tPbNah

njhFg;G> 09 Nk 2010

,izg;G: <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kEes9C-TB00>

gpd;NrHf;if 28: gpd;NrHf;if 28: gpd;NrHf;if 28: gpd;NrHf;if 28: gpd;NrHf;if 28: ‘Midapwtpy; epfo;e;j tuyhw;Wg; Gfo; ngw;w Jg;ghf;fpr; rkHfspd; epidTfs;

epj;jpakhf;fg;gLfpd;wd’- www.defence.lk, 30 brk;gH 2010-,y;

,izg;G: <http://www.defence.lk/new.asp?fname=20100430_09>

67


gpd;NrHf;if 29: gpd;NrHf;if 29: gpd;NrHf;if 29: gpd;NrHf;if 29: gpd;NrHf;if 29: ‘GJf;FbapUg;G ntw;wpr; rpd;dk; jpiuePf;fk; nra;ag;gLfpwJ’- www.defence.lk, 30 brk;gH, 2010-,y;

,izg;G: <http://www.defence.lk/new.asp?fname=20091209_06>

gpd;NrHf;if 30: gpd;NrHf;if 30: gpd;NrHf;if 30: gpd;NrHf;if 30: gpd;NrHf;if 30: Nk 2009 ,y; NghH Kbtile;jgpd;> V9 neLQ;rhiy neLf 29 Gj;jH rpiyfs;

epWtg;gl;Ls;sd’ rpwpyq;fh nghopg;G> 20 ngg;uthp> 2012

,izg;G: <http://www.srilankabrief.org/2012/02/28-buddha-statues-erected-along-9.html>

gpd;NrHf;if 31:gpd;NrHf;if 31:gpd;NrHf;if 31:gpd;NrHf;if 31:gpd;NrHf;if 31:’ gpuj;jpNaf nra;jp: rpwpyq;fhit rpq;fs ehlhf;Ftjw;nfd jkpoHfspd; fyhr;rhu

vr;rq;fis Jilj;jopj;jy;’- 2011 Xf];w; 04k; jpfjpa j tPf;nfd;l; yPlhpy; te;j xU nra;jpahshpd;

fl;Liu.

,izg;G: <http://archive.is/wki9y>

tw;GWj;Jk; tpjj;jpyhd fpsHr;rp Kwpabg;G Kiw kw;Wk; mnkhpf;f cle;ijahapUj;jy;tw;GWj;Jk; tpjj;jpyhd fpsHr;rp Kwpabg;G Kiw kw;Wk; mnkhpf;f cle;ijahapUj;jy;tw;GWj;Jk; tpjj;jpyhd fpsHr;rp Kwpabg;G Kiw kw;Wk; mnkhpf;f cle;ijahapUj;jy;tw;GWj;Jk; tpjj;jpyhd fpsHr;rp Kwpabg;G Kiw kw;Wk; mnkhpf;f cle;ijahapUj;jy;tw;GWj;Jk; tpjj;jpyhd fpsHr;rp Kwpabg;G Kiw kw;Wk; mnkhpf;f cle;ijahapUj;jy;

1. mnkhpf;f cle;ijahapUj;jy; njhlHghd RUf;fkhd mwpKfk; - rHtNjr kdpj chpikfs; rq;fk;.

2. ,dxopg;G my;yJ gaq;fuj;jpd; kPjhd NghH- gh~z mgatHj;jd> rpwpyq;fhtpyhd rdehafj;Jf;fhd

ClftpayhsH

gpd;NrHf;if 1: gpd;NrHf;if 1: gpd;NrHf;if 1: gpd;NrHf;if 1: gpd;NrHf;if 1: ‘jpUNfhzkiyapy; mnkhpf;f flw;gil rPy;fs;’ – 2013 A+iy 13k; jpfjpa nla;yp kpwH

nra;jp.

,izg;G: <http://www.dailymirror.lk/news/32340-us-navy-seals-in-trinco.html>

gpd;NrHf;if 2: gpd;NrHf;if 2: gpd;NrHf;if 2: gpd;NrHf;if 2: gpd;NrHf;if 2: Nghs; %Hfpwhg;w;: jkpo; Gypfspd; KOikahd mopg;G: rpwpyq;fhtpDila ePz;l

Nghhpyhd mhpjhd XU ntw;wp> njw;F NahHf;~aH : Ngdh & ths; gilj;Jiw> 2012

gpd;NrHf;if 3: gpd;NrHf;if 3: gpd;NrHf;if 3: gpd;NrHf;if 3: gpd;NrHf;if 3: ntspAwT mikr;rH kq;fs rkutPutpd; 2012 Vg;uy; 4k; jpfjpa ehlhSkd;w ciu.

,izg;G: <https://www.colombotelegraph.com/index.php/rajapaksa-then-and-now/>

gpd;NrHf;if 4: gpd;NrHf;if 4: gpd;NrHf;if 4: gpd;NrHf;if 4: gpd;NrHf;if 4: ‘xg;gNu~d; gRgpf; VQ;ry; epiwT ngw;wJ’

,izg;G: <http://www.pacom.mil/media/news/2010/08/20100825-Pacific%20Angel-Sri%20Lanka%20Concludes.shtml>

gpd;NrHf;if 5: gpd;NrHf;if 5: gpd;NrHf;if 5: gpd;NrHf;if 5: gpd;NrHf;if 5: ‘mnkhpf;fh kw;Wk; rpwpyq;fh gilfs; $l;L kdpjNea mg;gpahrj;jpy; gq;Fgw;wpd 16

Vg;uy; 2010

,izg;G: <http://srilanka.usembassy.gov/pr-16april10.html>

gpd;NrHf;if 6: gpd;NrHf;if 6: gpd;NrHf;if 6: gpd;NrHf;if 6: gpd;NrHf;if 6: ‘rpwpyq;fh : mnkhpf;f %Nyhghaj;ijg; NghUf;F gpd; kPs –cUtikj;jy;>

ntspAwTf;fhd nraw;FO> mnkhpf;f %jhit> 7brk;gh; 2009>

,izg;G: <http://www.foreign.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/SRI.pdf>

gpd;NrHf;if 7: gpd;NrHf;if 7: gpd;NrHf;if 7: gpd;NrHf;if 7: gpd;NrHf;if 7: me;juq;fkhd Nfgps;>5 Nk 2009 “rpwpyq;fh: ghJfhg;G tya tpk;gq;fis J}Jtuhyak;

rdhjpgjpAld; gfph;e;J nfhs;fpwJ.

,izg;G: <http://www.wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/09COLOMBO495_a.html>

gpd;NrHf;if 8: gpd;NrHf;if 8: gpd;NrHf;if 8: gpd;NrHf;if 8: gpd;NrHf;if 8: me;juq;f Nfgps; 14 [dthp>2008 rpwpyq;fhTf;fhd ml;kpuy; tpyhl;];]pd; tUiff;fhd

Kd;ndhOq;F

,izg;G: <http://wikileaks.org/cable/2008/01/08COLOMBO66.html>

gpd;NrHf;if 9: gpd;NrHf;if 9: gpd;NrHf;if 9: gpd;NrHf;if 9: gpd;NrHf;if 9: ntspehLfSf;fhd gilag; gapw;rp: kf;fsitf;fhd ,iz mwpf;if> epjp Mz;Lfs;

2006 kw;Wk; 2007> murpay;-gila tptfhuq;fs; gphpT> njhFjp I, Xf];w; 2007> gf;. 141

68


ntspehLfSf;fhd gilag; gapw;rp kw;Wk; ghJfhg;G jpizf;fs <LghLfs; eyd;fSf;fhd

nraw;ghLfs;mwpf;iffs; 2006 – 2007 ( mnkhpf;f ,uh[hq;fj; jpizf;fsk;)

,izg;G: <http://www.state.gov/t/pm/rls/rpt/fmtrpt/2007/index.htm>

gpd;NrHf;if 10: gpd;NrHf;if 10: gpd;NrHf;if 10: gpd;NrHf;if 10: gpd;NrHf;if 10: me;juq;f Nfgps;> 19 A+iy 2007> rpwpyq;fh: ACSA ,izg;Gfis ntspapl muR

jpl;lkpl;bUf;fpd;wJ.


gpd;NrHf;if 11: gpd;NrHf;if 11: gpd;NrHf;if 11: gpd;NrHf;if 11: gpd;NrHf;if 11: tifg;gLj;jg;glhj Nfgps;> 20 ngg;uthp>2007>rpwpyq;fh: ngWiffs; kw;Wk;

FWf;Fr;Nrit toq;fy; cld;ghL ifnaOj;jhtjw;fhd Clfq;fspd; nra;jp Nrfhpg;G


gpd;NrHf;if 12: gpd;NrHf;if 12: gpd;NrHf;if 12: gpd;NrHf;if 12: gpd;NrHf;if 12: ‘mnkhpf;f> yq;fh flw;gil mg;gpahrj;jpy; xU gFjpahf mk;ghe;Njhl;ilapy; khPd;fs;

jiuapwq;ftpUf;fpwhHfs;’ – Iyd;l; nra;jp


gpd;NrHf;if 13. gpd;NrHf;if 13. gpd;NrHf;if 13. gpd;NrHf;if 13. gpd;NrHf;if 13. jkpo; Gypfis gaq;futhj gl;baypy; NrHj;jikf;fhf RtPld; n[duy; I.A+dpaid

fz;ldk; nra;fpwhH’ – 2006 Xf];w; 25 jpfjpa IA+ xg;Nrthpy; yp];ngj; NfHffpd; mwpf;if.

,izg;G: <http://euobserver.com/defence/22264>

gpd;NrHf;if 14: gpd;NrHf;if 14: gpd;NrHf;if 14: gpd;NrHf;if 14: gpd;NrHf;if 14: Njrpa ghJfhg;G %Nyhghak;> khHr;>2006.....

,izg;G: <http://www.comw.org/qdr/fulltext/nss2006.pdf>

gpd;NrHf;if 15: gpd;NrHf;if 15: gpd;NrHf;if 15: gpd;NrHf;if 15: gpd;NrHf;if 15: mnkhpf;f ghJfhg;G kPsha;T fhyhz;L mwpf;if> ngg;uthp> 2006

,izg;G: <http://www.defense.gov/qdr/report/report20060203.pdf>

gpd;NrHf;if 16: gpd;NrHf;if 16: gpd;NrHf;if 16: gpd;NrHf;if 16: gpd;NrHf;if 16: MH.NrhkRe;juk;: rpwpyq;fhtpd; %Nyhgha hPjpahd Kf;fpaj;Jtk;>nfhOk;G: ];uk;Nghl;

Nyf;> 2005

gpd;NrHf;if 17: gpd;NrHf;if 17: gpd;NrHf;if 17: gpd;NrHf;if 17: gpd;NrHf;if 17: “njw;fhrpahTldhd mnkhpf;fhtpd; cwTfspyhd GjpanjhLthdq;fs;” mnkhpf;f cjtp

uh[hq;f nrayh; fpwp];hpdh nwhf;fh 2004 Vg;guy; 21k; jpfjp ngd;rpy; Ntdpah gy;fiyf; fofj;jpy; epfo;j;jpa

ciu

,izg;G: <http://2001-2009.state.gov/p/sca/rls/rm/31702.htm>

gpd;NrHf;if 18: gpd;NrHf;if 18: gpd;NrHf;if 18: gpd;NrHf;if 18: gpd;NrHf;if 18: me;juq;f Nfgps;> 11 brk;gH> 2003, 03 GW}n]y;]; 5593> njw;F Mrpah gw;wp

c.nrayH nwhf;fh I.A+dpaDld; elj;jpa MNyhrid fyj;jy;

,izg;G: <http://wikileaks.org/cable/2003/12/03BRUSSELS5593.html>

gpd;NrHf;if 19: gpd;NrHf;if 19: gpd;NrHf;if 19: gpd;NrHf;if 19: gpd;NrHf;if 19: jpUNfhzkiyapyhd Gypfs; mzpjpus;tJ kPjhd kiwg;G” 14nrg;nuk;gh; 2003. rz;Nl

iuk;];- nra;jp

,izg;G <http://www.sundaytimes.lk/030914/>

gpd;NrHf;if 20: gpd;NrHf;if 20: gpd;NrHf;if 20: gpd;NrHf;if 20: gpd;NrHf;if 20: “jpUNfhzkiy flw;gilj; jsk; Mgj;Jf;Fs;shff;$baJ mnkhpf;f gilj;Jiw

rpwpyq;fhit vr;rhpf;fpwJ” 14 nrg;nuk;gh; 2003. rz;Nl iuk;];>,y; ,f;ghy; mj;jh]; ,d; nra;jp

,izg;G: <http://www.sundaytimes.lk/030914/front/trinco.htm>

gpd;NrHf;if 21: gpd;NrHf;if 21: gpd;NrHf;if 21: gpd;NrHf;if 21: gpd;NrHf;if 21: me;juq;f Nfgps;> 03 Nk> 2003> x];Nyh $l;lj;Jf;F rpwpyq;fh $l;Lj; jiyik

tfpj;jJ

,izg;G: <http://wikileaks.org/cable/2006/05/06OSLO551.html>

69


gpd;NrHf;if 22:gpd;NrHf;if 22:gpd;NrHf;if 22:gpd;NrHf;if 22:gpd;NrHf;if 22: “Gypfs; kPjhd jilePf;fj;Jf;fhd xOq;if mnkhpf;fh njhptpj;jJ” 17 khh;r; 2002

rz;Nl iuk;];> ,y; njhptpf;fg;;gl;lJ. ,izg;G: <http://www.sundaytimes.lk/020317/frontm.html#fLABEL5>

gpd;NrHf;if 23gpd;NrHf;if 23gpd;NrHf;if 23gpd;NrHf;if 23gpd;NrHf;if 23: ,];NuYf;Fk; rpwpyq;fhTf;FkpilNaahd ,uhrje;jpu cwTfis kPs Vw;gLj;Jjy;

njhlHghd $l;lwpf;if> 15 Nk 2000

,izg;G: <http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/ForeignPolicy/MFADocuments/Yearbook13/Pages/108%20%20Joint%20communiqu-eacute-%20regarding%20the%20re-esta.aspx>

gpd;NrHf;if 24: gpd;NrHf;if 24: gpd;NrHf;if 24: gpd;NrHf;if 24: gpd;NrHf;if 24: ‘Nghh; tUlj;jpy;’ ‘xg;gNw\d; gpsh\; ];iuy’ ; -; 6 ngg;uthp 2000> rz;Nl iuk;]; ,y;

njhptpf;fg;gl;lJ ,izg;G: <http://www.sundaytimes.lk/000206/sitrep.html>

gpd;NrHf;if 25: gpd;NrHf;if 25: gpd;NrHf;if 25: gpd;NrHf;if 25: gpd;NrHf;if 25: ‘j.tp.Gypfis Kwpabf;f mnkhpf;f JUg;Gfs; cjttpUf;fpwhHfs;’- 1997 xf;NuhgH 12

jpfjpa rz;Nl iuk;]; ,y; gpnwl;wpf;fh [hd;]; ,d; mwpf;if

,izg;G: <http://www.sundaytimes.lk/000206/sitrep.html>

gpd;NrHf;if 26: gpd;NrHf;if 26: gpd;NrHf;if 26: gpd;NrHf;if 26: gpd;NrHf;if 26: ‘Nghhpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l jPTf;F mnkhpf;f MNyhrfHfs;: fpwPd; ngNuf;fs; mikjpahf

rpwpyq;fh gil tPuHfSf;F gapw;rpaspf;fpwhHfs;’ 1996 A+d; 23k; jpfjpa j gpnly;gpah ,q;FitwH-,y;

khf; nfsg;khd; ,d; mwpf;if

,izg;G: <http://articles.philly.com/1996-06-23/news/25630233_1_tamil-tigers-tamileelam-liberation-tigers>

gpd;NrHf;if 27: gpd;NrHf;if 27: gpd;NrHf;if 27: gpd;NrHf;if 27: gpd;NrHf;if 27: mnkhpf;f gila epiyg;ghL FY 1981 - $l;Lg;gilj;jsgjpfs; mYtyfj;jhy; jahH

nra;ag;gl;lJ.- n[duy; Nltpl; rp. N[hd;];

gpd;NrHf;if 28: gpd;NrHf;if 28: gpd;NrHf;if 28: gpd;NrHf;if 28: gpd;NrHf;if 28: khPd; Nfh-,d; gzp Nehf;Fk; %NyhghaKk; 2025> xf;NuhgH 2007

,izg;G: <http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/usmc/vision-strategy_2025.pdf>

gpd;NrHf;if 29: gpd;NrHf;if 29: gpd;NrHf;if 29: gpd;NrHf;if 29: gpd;NrHf;if 29: gilfis kPs-epiyg;gLj;Jjy;: ,Ugj;Njhuhk; E}w;whz;by; ntspehLfspyhd mnkhpf;f

gpurd;dk;> mnkhpf;f flw;gil NghHf; fy;Y}hp – ngg;uthp 2006

,izg;G: <http://www.usnwc.edu/Publications/Naval-War-College-Press/Newport-Papers/Documents/26-pdf.aspx>

gpd;NrHf;if 30:gpd;NrHf;if 30:gpd;NrHf;if 30:gpd;NrHf;if 30:gpd;NrHf;if 30: thdpy; csTr; nra;kjpfisg; Ngz Mrpa gq;fhspfis mnkhpf;fh NjLfpwJ>

Nuha;l;lH> 3 xf;NuhgH 2007

,izg;G: <http://www.reuters.com/article/2007/10/03/asia-usa-globalhawkid USN 0326925020071003>

gpd;NrHf;if 31: gpd;NrHf;if 31: gpd;NrHf;if 31: gpd;NrHf;if 31: gpd;NrHf;if 31: mnkhpf;fhTk; rpwpyq;fhTk; kpf etPd csTj; njhopy;El;gj;ijg;

gfpHe;Jnfhs;stpUf;fpd;wd> nla;yp kpwH> 5 xf;NuhgH 2007

,izg;G: <http://www.lankanewspapers.com/news%5C2007%5C10% 5C20061_image_ headline.html>

gpd;NrHf;if 32: gpd;NrHf;if 32: gpd;NrHf;if 32: gpd;NrHf;if 32: gpd;NrHf;if 32: Gypapd; kuzk; - rpwpyq;fh mjDila jkpo; fpsHr;rpahsHfs;kPJ

ngw;Wf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; nfhûkhd ntw;wp> epA+NahHf;fH>17 [dthp2011

gpd;NrHf;if 33: gpd;NrHf;if 33: gpd;NrHf;if 33: gpd;NrHf;if 33: gpd;NrHf;if 33: U.S. Naval Basing in Sri Lanka? - Small Wars Journal, 15 October 2011.

,izg;G: <http://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/us-naval-basing-in-sri-lanka>

gpd;NrHf;if 34: gpd;NrHf;if 34: gpd;NrHf;if 34: gpd;NrHf;if 34: gpd;NrHf;if 34: Mrpah Nehf;fpa mnkhpf;fhtpd; jpUk;Gifapy; rpwpyq;fhTf;F xU tfpghfk;> 27 khHr;

2013> j `py;>

,izg;G: <http://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/foreign-policy/290585-a-role-for-srilanka-in-us-pivot-to-asia>

gpd;NrHf;if 35: gpd;NrHf;if 35: gpd;NrHf;if 35: gpd;NrHf;if 35: gpd;NrHf;if 35: mnkhpf;f ghJfhg;G MNyhrf ,uhrje;jhp rpf;fYf;Fs; khl;lg;NghfpwhH;;> rpwpyq;fhTf;F

tf;fhyj;J thq;FfpwhH> rz;Nl iuk;];>11 A+d; 2011

70


,izg;G: <http://sundaytimes.lk/110605/Columns/cafe.html>

,e;jpah cle;ijahapUe;jJ.,e;jpah cle;ijahapUe;jJ.,e;jpah cle;ijahapUe;jJ.,e;jpah cle;ijahapUe;jJ.,e;jpah cle;ijahapUe;jJ.

1. <oj;jkpoH kPjhd ,dxopg;Gf;F ,e;jpah cle;ijahapUe;jJ – jpUKUfd; fhe;jp kw;Wk; ck;kH ied;>

NK 17 ,af;fk;> jkpo;ehL ,e;jpah

2. <oj;jkpoH kPjhd ,dxopg;Gf;F ,e;jpahTk; I.eh. Tk; cle;ijahapUe;jik – jpUKUfd; fhe;jp kw;Wk;

ck;kH ied;> NK 17 ,af;fk;> jkpo;ehL ,e;jpah

3. rpwpyq;fh Ml;rpahsUf;F ,e;jpah toq;fpa MjuT: rkhjhdg; Ngr;RthHj;ijapypUe;J Nghhpd; KbT

tiu - jpUKUfd; fhe;jp kw;Wk; ck;kH ied;> NK 17 ,af;fk;> jkpo;ehL> ,e;jpah

gpd;NrHf;if 1: gpd;NrHf;if 1: gpd;NrHf;if 1: gpd;NrHf;if 1: gpd;NrHf;if 1: 2013 khHr; 07 k; jpfjp> gh.[.fl;rpj; jiytH a];te;j; ]pd;`h,e;jpa

ehlhSkd;wj;Jf;F Mw;wpa ciu

gpd;NrHf;if 2: gpd;NrHf;if 2: gpd;NrHf;if 2: gpd;NrHf;if 2: gpd;NrHf;if 2: ‘chpikfs; vol;Lk; Kd;dzp’: neUf;fbapypUf;Fk; kf;fis ghJfhg;gjpyhd I.eh.

tfpghfj;ij tYg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd nraw;jpl;lk; - rpwpyq;fhtpyhd I.eh.nraw;ghLfs; njhlHghd nrayhsH

ehafj;jpd; cs;sf kPsha;T Maj;jpDila mwpf;iff;fhd gpd;njhlH mwpf;if

gpd;NrHf;if 3: gpd;NrHf;if 3: gpd;NrHf;if 3: gpd;NrHf;if 3: gpd;NrHf;if 3: rpwpyq;fhtpyhd I.eh.nraw;ghLfs; njhlHghd nrayhsH ehafj;jpd;> rhs;]; ngw;wP

jiyikapyhd> cs;sf kPsha;T Maj;jpDila mwpf;if> etk;gH 2012

,izg;G: <http://www.un.org/News/dh/infocus/Sri_Lanka/The_Internal_Review_Panel_report_on_Sri_Lanka.pdf Blacked-out Portions of Charles Petrie’sReport>

gpd;NrHf;if 4: gpd;NrHf;if 4: gpd;NrHf;if 4: gpd;NrHf;if 4: gpd;NrHf;if 4: rhs;]; ngw;wP-,d; mwpf;ifapy; ,Ul;lbf;fg;gl;l gFjpfs.;

gpd;NrHf;if 5: gpd;NrHf;if 5: gpd;NrHf;if 5: gpd;NrHf;if 5: gpd;NrHf;if 5: epw;wpd; V. NfhfNy : rpwpyq;fh - NghhpypUe;J rkhjhdj;Jf;F>

GJ nly;yp: `hH Mde;j; ntspaPl;lfk;> 2010

gpd;NrHf;if 6:gpd;NrHf;if 6:gpd;NrHf;if 6:gpd;NrHf;if 6:gpd;NrHf;if 6: ‘rkhjhdj;jpd; gypf;flhf;fs;: rpwpyq;fhtpyhd NehHNtapd; rkhjhd Kaw;rpfs; gw;wpa

xU kjpg;gPL> 1997 – 2009 – kjpg;gPl;Lj; jpizf;fsj;jpDila mwpf;if> Nehuhl;> NehHNt> mwpf;if 5/

2011

gpd;NrHf;if 7: gpd;NrHf;if 7: gpd;NrHf;if 7: gpd;NrHf;if 7: gpd;NrHf;if 7: ‘NghHfis nty;Yjy;: murpay; jplrpj;jNk jpwTNfhy;’- rpwpyq;fh ghJfhg;Gr;

nrayhsH> ,e;jpa ghJfhg;G kPsha;T- ,w;F toq;fpa NeHfhzy;> www. Defence.lk , ,y;> 05etk;gH,2011

Link: <http://www.defence.lk/new.asp?fname=20100429_05>

gpd;NrHf;if 8: gpd;NrHf;if 8: gpd;NrHf;if 8: gpd;NrHf;if 8: gpd;NrHf;if 8: ntsptptfhu mikr;rH gpuzhg; KfH[p> rpwpyq;fhTf;F tUif je;jNghJ ntspapl;l

$w;W> 2009 [dthp 28

,izg;G: <http://www.mea.gov.in/Speeches-Statements.htm?dtl/880/Statement+by+EAM+in+Sri+Lanka>

gpd;NrHf;if 9: gpd;NrHf;if 9: gpd;NrHf;if 9: gpd;NrHf;if 9: gpd;NrHf;if 9: ‘ rpwpyq;fh> tlf;F td;dpapyhd FbrhH Mspog;Gfs;’ - If;fpa ehLfs; tjptpl

xUq;fpizg;ghsH kw;Wk; kdpjNea xUq;fpizg;ghsH mYtyf mwpf;if> khHr; 2009

rkhjhd nray;Kiw ,dxopg;ig epWj;jpaJ rkhjhd nray;Kiw ,dxopg;ig epWj;jpaJ rkhjhd nray;Kiw ,dxopg;ig epWj;jpaJ rkhjhd nray;Kiw ,dxopg;ig epWj;jpaJ rkhjhd nray;Kiw ,dxopg;ig epWj;jpaJ – INuhg;gpa A+dpadpd; tfpghfk;. INuhg;gpa A+dpadpd; tfpghfk;. INuhg;gpa A+dpadpd; tfpghfk;. INuhg;gpa A+dpadpd; tfpghfk;. INuhg;gpa A+dpadpd; tfpghfk;.

1. rkhjhd nray;Kiw ,dxopg;ig epWj;j Mizapl;lJ - n[Hkdpapd; tfpghfk;.- epf;Nfhyha; [q;

kw;Wk; tpuh[; nkz;b];> rHtNjr kdpj chpikfs; rq;fk;> gpnwk;kd;?

2. 2002 rkhjhdnray;Kiwf;F Kd;Dk; gpd;Dk; GdHtho;T kw;Wk; rpWtHfSf;fhd mbg;gilf; fy;tp

%ykhf Kuz;ghL jPHg;gjpyhd n[Hkd; <LghL – fyhepjp nwa;d;`hl; Nghy;];> n[Hkd; mgptpUj;jp

xj;Jiog;G (GTZ) ,d; Kd;dhs; gzpg;ghsH.

3. cstpay;hPjpahd jhf;fq;fSk; kd tLf;fSf;Fr; rpfpr;iraspj;jYk; - fyhepjp thy;l;Nwhl; Nghy;]; (

GTZ)

71


4. GdHtho;T nray;jpl;lq;fspd; xU gFjpahf fy;tp jpl;lq;fs; njhlHghd xU Mtzg; glk;. – fyhepjp

`f; (GTZ)

gpd;NrHf;if 1: gpd;NrHf;if 1: gpd;NrHf;if 1: gpd;NrHf;if 1: gpd;NrHf;if 1: ‘Exportboom: Deutschland steuert auf Rekordüberschuss zu’, nlH ];gPnfy; ypdhy;njhptpf;fg;gl;lJ, 05nrg;nuk;gH, 2013

,izg;G: <http://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/soziales/exportboom-deutschland-steuert-aufrekordueberschuss-zu-a-920607.html>

gpd;NrHf;if 2: gpd;NrHf;if 2: gpd;NrHf;if 2: gpd;NrHf;if 2: gpd;NrHf;if 2: ‘Exporte aus Deutschland nach Güterabteilungen’ – lh]; ];uw;hp];fy; Nghl;ly;, 2013

,y; njhptpf;fg;gl;lJ

,izg;G: <http://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/151019/umfrage/exportgueter-ausdeutschland/>

gpd;NrHf;if 3: gpd;NrHf;if 3: gpd;NrHf;if 3: gpd;NrHf;if 3: gpd;NrHf;if 3: ‘uh[gf;]: mg;NghJk; ,g;NghJk;’ – 2012 Vg;uy; 4k; jpfjp

anfhok;Ngh nuypfpwhg;w; - ,y; ntspte;j kq;fs rkutPutpd; fl;Liu

,izg;G: <https://www.colombotelegraph.com/index.php/rajapaksa-then-and-now/>

gpd;NrHf;if 4: gpd;NrHf;if 4: gpd;NrHf;if 4: gpd;NrHf;if 4: gpd;NrHf;if 4: fpwp];hpad; ];nuhf;Nf: ‘Nfs;tpf;Fs;shfpapUf;Fk; jhuhs rkhjhdk;. rpwpyq;fh khjphp’,

Nfs;tpf;Fs;shfpapUf;Fk; jhuhs rkhjhdk:; rpwpyq;fhtpyhd muR kw;Wk; re;ijr; rPHjpUj;jj;jpd; murpay;

-,y; (Mrp.) fpwp];hpad; ];nuhf;Nf kw;Wk; [aNjt caq;nfhl> yz;ld;: me;njk; mr;rfk;> 2011

gpd;NrHf;if 5: gpd;NrHf;if 5: gpd;NrHf;if 5: gpd;NrHf;if 5: gpd;NrHf;if 5: Rjhfud; eluh[h kw;Wk; yf;]p: ‘cUkhw;wj;jpd; murpay;: j.tp.G kw;Wk;

rpwpyq;fhtpyhd 2002 – 2006 rkhjhd nray;Kiw’> NgHnfhg; ,ilkhWjy;fs;>njhlH ,y.4> 2008

gpd;NrHf;if 6: gpd;NrHf;if 6: gpd;NrHf;if 6: gpd;NrHf;if 6: gpd;NrHf;if 6: n[g;wp Yz;];ul;: rpwpyq;fhtpd; 2002 -2006 rkhjhd nray;Kiwapy; mnkhpf;fhtpd;

tfpghfk;> nfhOk;G: j Mrpah ngsz;Nlrd;>2007

gpd;NrHf;if 7: gpd;NrHf;if 7: gpd;NrHf;if 7: gpd;NrHf;if 7: gpd;NrHf;if 7: ‘SLMM jiytH INuhg;gpa A+dpaidf; fz;ldk; nra;fpwhH. rpwpyq;fh muRk;

j.tp.GypfSk; rkkhd gq;fhspfs; vd;fpwhH;’- rpwpyq;fh nra;jpj;jhs;fspy; njhptpf;fg;gl;lJ> 24 Xf];w;>

2006

,izg;G: <http://www.lankanewspapers.com/news/2006/8/8263.html>

gpd;NrHf;if 8: gpd;NrHf;if 8: gpd;NrHf;if 8: gpd;NrHf;if 8: gpd;NrHf;if 8: ]{z;]H Nthgpwhk;: rpwpyq;fh tl;lNkir.rpwpyq;fh rkhjhd nray;Kiwapy; Gjpa

jfTNehf;Ffs;- epfo;fhy murpay; #o;epiyfs; kw;Wk; rHtNjr r%fj;jpd; tfpghfk;> ngHypd;: Ngnfhg;

ngsz;Nlrd;>2004

gpd;NrHf;if 9: gpd;NrHf;if 9: gpd;NrHf;if 9: gpd;NrHf;if 9: gpd;NrHf;if 9: uhN[]; NtZNfhghy;: “ rpwpyq;fh Kuz;ghl;bd; cyfshtpa ghpkhzk;> nray;gL

Ma;twpf;if> ,y.99>xf;];Nghl;: murp vyprngj; ,y;yk;> 2003

gpd;NrHf;if 10:gpd;NrHf;if 10:gpd;NrHf;if 10:gpd;NrHf;if 10:gpd;NrHf;if 10:n[hdhj;jd; Fl;`hd;l; kw;Wk; gpypg;gh mw;fpd;rd;: Kuz;ghlk; cjtpAk;: rHtNjr

<Lghl;by; rkhjhdj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjpd; jhf;fj;ij tsk;gLj;Jjy;>yz;ld;> : rh;t Njr

vr;rhpf;if>yz;ld;> 2001

gpd;NrHf;if 10:gpd;NrHf;if 10:gpd;NrHf;if 10:gpd;NrHf;if 10:gpd;NrHf;if 10:n[hdhj;jd; Fl;̀ hd;l; kw;Wk; gpypg;gh mw;fpd;rd;: Kuz;ghlk; cjtpAk;: rHt Njr

<Lghl;by; rkhjhdj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjpd; jhf;fj;ij tsk;gLj;Jjy;>yz;ld;> : rh;t Njr

vr;rhpf;if>yz;ld;> 2001

gpd;NrHf;if 11: gpd;NrHf;if 11: gpd;NrHf;if 11: gpd;NrHf;if 11: gpd;NrHf;if 11: Ludgera Klemp: ‘Entwicklungspolitik am Scheideweg – politischeRanderscheinung oder globale Strukturpolitik?’, in Politik und Zeitgeschichte, B 18-19/2001

gpd;NrHfgpd;NrHfgpd;NrHfgpd;NrHfgpd;NrHf;if ;if ;if ;if ;if 12: Tobias Debiel and Volker Matthies: ‘Krisenprävention - mehr Fragen alsAntworten? Eine Zwischenbilanz zur deutschen Entwicklungs-, Außen- undSicherheitspolitik.’, in E+Z – Entwicklung und Zusammenarbeit, Nr.9, September, 2000

gpd;NrHfgpd;NrHfgpd;NrHfgpd;NrHfgpd;NrHf;if ;if ;if ;if ;if 13: Jochen Kenneweg: ‘Länderkonzepte und Förderstrategien. ZurWeiterentwicklung des Intrumentariums des BMZ’, in E+Z – Entwicklung undZusammenarbeit, Nr.9, September, 2000

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gpd;NrHfgpd;NrHfgpd;NrHfgpd;NrHfgpd;NrHf;if ;if ;if ;if ;if 14: Stephan Klingebiel: ‘Fallbeispiel: Sri Lanka, Konditionierung’, in Die Rolle derEnt wicklungszusammenarbeit in gewalttätigen Konflikten, Dokumentation einerFachtagung in der TU Berlin, vom 3.-5.12.1999

gpd;NrHf;if 15: gpd;NrHf;if 15: gpd;NrHf;if 15: gpd;NrHf;if 15: gpd;NrHf;if 15: ];hPgd; fpspq;Nfgpnay;: ‘ Kuz;ghl;Lr; #o;epiyfspy; mgptpUj;jp xj;Jiog;gpd; kPjhd

jhf;fk;’MW ehLfspyhd n[Hkd; mgptpUj;jp xj;Jiog;Gj; njhlHghd kPsha;T FWf;F ntl;lKf

mwpf;if. nghz;> n[Hkd; mgptpUj;jp epWtfk;>1999

gpd;NrHf;if 16: gpd;NrHf;if 16: gpd;NrHf;if 16: gpd;NrHf;if 16: gpd;NrHf;if 16: Reinhold E.Thiel: ‘Entwicklungspolitik als Friedenspolitik. Interview mitMinisterin Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul’, in E+Z – Entwicklung und Zusammenarbeit. Nr.1,January, 1999

gpd;NrHf;if 17: gpd;NrHf;if 17: gpd;NrHf;if 17: gpd;NrHf;if 17: gpd;NrHf;if 17: khHf; Nfhg;kd;:’ mnkhpf;fh rpwpyq;fhtpyhd jdJ tfpghfj;ij rj;jkpy;yhky;

tp];jhpf;fpwJ. tPuHfSf;Fg; gapw;rpaspf;f fpwPd; ngNuf;fs;’cjTfpd;wdH> gila gpurd;dj;Jf;F top

jpwe;Jtplg;gLfpwJ. – j ly;yh]; Nkhzpq; epA+rpy; njhptpf;fg;gl;lJ> 1996

gpd;NrHf;if 18: gpd;NrHf;if 18: gpd;NrHf;if 18: gpd;NrHf;if 18: gpd;NrHf;if 18: v];.B.Kdp: neUf;fj;jpd; Ntjidfs;: ,e;jpahTk; rpwpyq;fhtpd; ,dg;gpur;rpidAk;>

GJby;yp> Nr[; gpuRhpg;ghsHfs;> 2013

Nkyjpf Mtzq;fs;Nkyjpf Mtzq;fs;Nkyjpf Mtzq;fs;Nkyjpf Mtzq;fs;Nkyjpf Mtzq;fs;

1. rpwpyq;fh: nghJeytha muRj; jiytHfSf;F(CHOGM), $l;L FbrhH r%fk; rkHg;gpj;j nghJepiy

mwpf;if> 2013

,izg;G: <http://www.srilankabrief.org/2013/11/sri-lanka-joint-civil-society.html>

2. KOikahd ciu: kdpj chpikfSf;fhd I.eh caH ];jhdpfH et;tpg;gps;is> rpwpyq;fhTf;fhd

jkJ gzpg; gazj;jpd;NghJ gj;jphpifahsH kfhehl;by; njhptpj;jJ>31 Xf];w>; 2013

,izg;G: <https://www.colombotelegraph.com/index.php/full-speech-un-high-commissioner-forhuman-rights-navi-pillay-at-the-press-conference-on-her-mission-to-sri-lanka/>

3. jkpo; Njrpa $l;likg;ig gpujpepjpj;Jtk; nra;Ak; ehlhSkd;w cWg;gpdHfSf;F> jkpo; FbrhH r%fk;

ifaspj;j nghJepiy mwpf;if> 13 brk;gH>2011

,izg;G: <http://groundviews.org/2011/12/15/a-public-memo-to-members-of-parliamentrepresenting-the-tamil-national-alliance-from-the-tamil-civil-society/>

4. fw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l ghlq;fs; kw;Wk; ey;ypzf;fj;Jf;fhd Mizf;FOtpd; mwpf;if>etk;gH>2011

,izg;G: <http://slembassyusa.org/downloads/LLRC-REPORT.pdf>

5. rpwpyq;fhtpd; nghWg;Gf;$wNtz;ba jd;ik njhlHghd nrayhsH ehafj;jpd; epGzH FOtpd;

mwpf;if> 31 khHr;> 2011

,izg;G: <http://www.un.org/News/dh/infocus/Sri_Lanka/POE_Report_Full.pdf>

6. j.tp.Gypfs; Njhw;fbf;fg;gl;lijj; njhlHe;J> rdhjpgjp ehlhSkd;wj;Jf;F Mw;wpa ciu> 19 Nk> 2009

,izg;G: <http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/shrilanka/document/papers/president_speech_parliament_defeatofLTTE.htm>

7. gpuhd;rp]; ngha;y;: rpwpyq;fh epfo;j;jpa jkpo; ,dxopg;G: rHtNjr rl;lq;fspd; fPo; jkpoH chpikfis

ghJfhf;f cyfk; jtwpaik> ml;yhd;uh> fpshwpw;hp gpnw]; 2010.

rHtNjr kdpjchpikfs;rq;fk; (IMRV) Nfhz;];u> 31>28201 gpnwk;nkd;> n[h;kdp.

International Human Rights Association (IMRV), Kornstr. 31, 28201 Bremen, Germany

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74
