EPTRI-ENVIS Newsletter ISSN No: 0974-2336 Vol. 20, No.1

The ENVIS Centre on Eastern Ghats is a decentralized Environmental Information Centre established by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India on thematic issue of Ecology of Eastern Ghats

EPTRI-ENVIS Newsletter

The Eastern GhatsE P T R I - E N V I S N e w s l e t t e rENVIS CENTRE ON ECOLOGY OF EASTERN GHATS

ENVIS CENTRE ON EASTERN GHATSENVIRONMENT PROTECTION TRAINING & RESEARCH INSTITUTE

91/4, Gachibowli, Hyderabad-500 032, A.P., IndiaPh: +91-40-23180115, 23180104 fax: +91-40-23180135

URL: http://eptrienvis.nic.inEmail : [email protected] / [email protected]

ISSN No: 0974-2336Vol. 20, No.1 2014

Volume-20 Issue-1 January - March 2014

Printed Matter

EPTRI

Dr. M. Suneela,

Mrs. S. Suneetha,

Mr. Md. Khader,

ENVIS Coordinator

Sr. Program Officer

Data Entry Operator

Published by

Supported by

EPTRI, Hyderabad

Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF)

Government of India, New Delhi

ENVIS Coordinator

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Eastern Ghats: EPTRI-ENVIS Newsletter Vol.20, No.1, 2014

Editorial

Editorial Team

Water Day

Content

The current issue focuses on the medicinal plants of

Pachamalai hills which is a part of Eastern Ghats

situated in the State of Tamilnadu. Around 190

medicinal plants in 67 families and 158 genera have

been identified in Panchamalai. The current research

study addresses about the available medicinal

plants, their useful parts in curing various diseases

with pictorial representation.

Editorial

Water Day

Survey of Medicinal Plants of Pachamalai

Hills, a Part of Eastern Ghats, Tamil Nadu

Bibliography

Results

Conclusion

Water and Energy Water and energy are closely interlinked and interdependent. Energy generation and transmission requires utilization of water resources, particularly for hydroelectric, nuclear, and thermal energy sources. Conversely, about 8% of the global energy generation is used for pumping, treating and transporting water to various consumers.

In 2014, the UN System – working closely with its Member States and other relevant stakeholders – aims to facilitate in developing the policies and crosscutting frameworks that bridge ministries and sectors, leading the way to energy security and sustainable water use in a green economy. Particular attention will be paid to identifying best practices that can make a water- and energy-efficient 'Green Industry' a reality.

(Source www.unwater.org/worldwaterday)

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Survey of Medicinal Plants of Pachamalai Hills, a Part ofEastern Ghats, Tamil Nadu

Amzad Basha Kolar and Ghouse Basha, M(Published in International Journal of current research)

Abstract: A random survey was carried out at Pachamalai hills, a part of Eastern Ghats, Tamil Nadu on the available

wild and native medicinal plants. A total of 190 medicinal plant species with 158 genera belonging to 67 families

(87.6% dicotyledons, 10.7% monocotyledons and 1.5% Gymnosperms) were recorded. Out of this 190 medicinal

plants, twenty three most important plants widely used for treatment of a variety of diseases by the local tribes are

listed along with their botanical name, family name, vernacular name, mode of propagation, parts used, medicinal

uses with current status.

Introduction

Medicinal plants are known as indigenous heritage which is having global importance. India is endowed with a rich

wealth of medicinal plants. It is the treasure trove of herbs in the world. For centuries, majority of Indian's population

has dependent on crude drugs for the treatment of various ailments. Medicinal plants are known to possess many

potentially valuable therapeutic agents that provide raw materials for the preparation of medicines. These bioactive

substances are less toxic, more systemic and easily biodegradable. As a result, research on plants is geared towards

the discovery and development of novel phytochemical for human well being. Now these nature's wonders are in

serious threat of extinction and we, as conservationalists should work together to conserve the germplasm for our

future generations. Traditional knowledge and scientific investigations are the two approaches to conserve these

vulnerable species.

Materials and Methods

Study Area

Pachamalai hills are a group of hills in Eastern Ghats and are spread across Salem and Tiruchirappalli districts of

Tamil Nadu. The altitude of Pachamalai ranges from 900 MSL to 1200 MSL. These hills are abundant in dense scrub

forest. The forests are evergreen and mixed deciduous type. The hills located between latitude 11°09'00” and

11°27'00” North longitude 78°28'00” and 78°49'00” East. (Fig.1). The total geographical area is ~13,500 sq km. A

sub-tropical climate prevails with a maximum temperature ranging between 23° C to 31°C and a minimum

temperature ranging 12°C to 18°C. These hills receive maximum rainfall during the months of September, October

and November through the Northeast monsoon. A maximum of 1250 mm of rainfall has been recorded so far in the

past 10 years. The hills receive rainfall in the months of June and August through Southwest monsoon.

As per the field survey, the data has been collected and compared with the herbarium specimens of Rapinat

herbarium (RH), St. Joseph’s College, Tiruchirapalli, Madras Herbarium (MH) and their medicinal values were

recorded with the supporting literature. The species have been presented alphabetically with their botanical names

followed by their families, local names, parts used, medicinal uses and their status.

Fig 1: Location of Pachamalaihills

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S.No.

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Alangium salviflorum (Linn.f.) wang

Alangiaceae

Plant Name & Family

Albizia lebbeck Benth.

Fabaceae

Andrographis paniculata(Burm.F.) Nees

Acanthaceae

Carissa carandas L.

Apocynaceae

Cassia obtusa Wight and Arn.

Caesalpiniaceae

Centella asiatica (L.)Urban

Umbelliferae

Evolvulus alsinoides L. Convolulaceae

Feronia limonia L.

Rutaceae

Gloriosa superb L.

Liliaceae

Alangi

Local Name

Vakai

Nilavembu

Perumkla

Nila avarai

Vallarai

Vishnukranti

Vilanga

Kannuvalikodi

Roots and

Fruits

The root bark is an antidote for several poisons. The roots are useful for external application in a c u t e c a s e o f l e p r o s y , inflammation and bites of dogs. Fruits are useful in treating burning sensation and haemorrhages.

UsesParts Used

Barks, flowers,

seedsThe bark is useful in cough & asthma, enlarged cervical glands, s t r e n g t h e n i n g g u m s , s k i n eruptions, sprains, wounds, diarrhoea. The flowers are useful in chronic cough, bronchitis. Seeds are useful in seminal weakness, chronic catarrh.

Whole Plant Leaves are used in diarrhea, cough, sore throat, tonsillitis, bronchitis, menstrual and post p a r t u m , h e m a t o m e t r a , hypertension and snake- bite

Roots, fruits Roots are useful in stomach disorders, intestinal worms scabies and pruritis. The unripe fruits are useful in anorexia, burning sensation, skin diseases.

Leaves Leaves are useful in stomach disorders, intestinal worms. The powered leaves are mixed in hot water taken for throat pain. They are also used as cattle feed.

Whole plant The plant is used in the therapy of measles, epistasis, dysentery, c o n s t i p a t i o n , j a u n d i c e , furunculosis. External application in the form of poultice is useful for fractures and sprains.

Whole plant It is nootropic agent. It is useful in chronic bronchitis, general weakness, fever, and nervous debility, loss of memory, syphilis and scrofula.

Fruits and

leavesThe Fruit is used to stimulate the digestive system. Leaves are used to treat indigestion, diarrhea and haemorrhoids.

Seeds and

tubers

The roots are used in curing ulcers, bleeding piles, skin diseases, leprosy, indigestion, snake bites, baldness, debility. Useful in promoting labour and expulsion of the placenta. If consumed large doses it is highly poisonous and causes vomiting, stomach ache and burning sensation, Seeds are used for relieving rheumatic pain and act as a muscle relaxant.

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18 Rubia cordifolia L. Rubiaceae

Manjitti Roots and stem They are used internally in the treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding, internal and external haemorrhage, bronchitis, stones in the kidney, bladder and gall, dysentery, etc. The stem is used in the treatment of blood disorders and spreading fever of kidneys and intestines. Apart from all these medicinal values, the leaves are used as a side dish with rice and also a red dye is obtained from the roots

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Santalum album L. Santalaceae.

Smilax zeylanica L. Liliaceae

Solanum erianthum D.Don

Solanaceae

Strychnos nux-vomica L.Loganiaceae

Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb.) R.Br.Apocynaceae

Sandanam

Kattu kodi

Aanai

sundaikaai

Etti

Tontampalai

Heartwood

R o o t s a n d leaves

Leaves

Bark, leaves

and seeds

Leaves, bark,

seeds.

The heartwood is useful for treating burning sensation, dipsia, cephalalgia, foul odour due to hyperhidrosis, skin diseases leprosy, forgetfulness, amentia, psychopathy, cardiac debility, haemoptys is , hyperac id i ty, jaundice, strangury, cough, bronchitis, inflammations, cystitis, dysentery, gastric irritability, menorrhagia , leucorrhoea, spermatorrhoea, intermittent fever and general debility

Roots are used for the treatment of veneral diseases, skin diseases, sores, swellings and abscess. Also applied for rheumatism and pains in the lower extremities.

A locally applied poultice of pounded and heated fresh leaves for the relief of haemorrhoids and scrofula. A plaster made of concentrated fresh juice cures dermatomycosis and impetigo. An internally applied decoction of the leaves is used as taeniafuge in buffaloes

The leaves are applied as poultice in the treatment of chronic wounds and ulcers and the leaf decoction is useful in Paralytic complaints. The pulp of the ripe fruit is used in treating Paralytic infections of paws and foot. The seeds are useful in anemia, insomnia, cardiopalmus, asthma, bronchitis, constipation, diabetes, intermittent and malarial fevers, skin diseases and weakness of limbs

The leaves are usefu l in odontalgia, hypertension.The bark and seeds are useful in dyspepsia, f latulence,col ic, leprosy, psoriasis, hemorrhoids, d ipsia,helminthiasis, fever, burning sensation, and dropsy.

S.No. Plant Name & Family Local Name UsesParts Used

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S.No. Plant Name & Family Local Name UsesParts Used

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13

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15

16

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Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R.Br.

Asclepiadaceae

Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R.Br.Asclepiadaceae

Hiptage benghalensis (L.)

Kurz.

Malpighiaceae

Hugonia mystax L.

Linaceae

Mallotus phillippensis(Lamk) Muell.

Euphorbiaceae

Naravelia zeylanica L.

Ranunculaceae

Plumbago zeylanica L.

Plumbaginaceae

Randia dumetorum

(Retz.) Poir.

Rubiaceae

Sakkaraikolli

Nannari

Madhavi

Motirakanni

Kunkumam

Vatamkolli

Chithiramulana

Mathukkaarai

Whole plant,

leaves

The plant is useful in treating inflammations, constipation, j a u n d i c e , h e l m e n t h i a s i s , cardiopathy, cough, asthma, bronchitis, conjuctivities and leucoderma. The fresh leaves when chewed have the property of paralyzing the sense of taste for sweet and bitter substance for sometime.

Roots, stem,

Leaves

Roots are useful in treating burning sensa t i on , oph ta lmopa thy, e p i l e p t i c f i t s , d y s p e p s i a , haemorrhoids, fever. The leaves are useful in treating vomiting, wounds, and leucoderma. Stems are diaphoretic and laxative.

Bark, leaves,

flowersThe bark, leaves and flowers are useful in treating burning sensation, wounds, ulcers. Cough, asthma cardiac debility, skin diseases, leprocy, scabies and hyperdipsia.

Roots The roots are useful for fevers, verminosis, externally as a paste for inflammations.

Glandular hairs

of the fruitThe glandular hairs of the fruit are u s e f u l f o r v e r m i n o s i s , constipation, flatulence, wounds, ulcers, renal and vesical calculi, hemorrhages, scabies, ringworm herpes.

Whole plant T h e p l a n t i s a s t r i n g e n t , an the lm in th i c , depura t i ve , anodyne, anti-inflammatory. It is useful for treating helminthiasis, leprosy, rheumatalgia, odontalgia, cephalalgia, colic, inflammations wounds and ulcers.

Leaves, roots The root is used to treat leprosy. In Indian herbal medicine, the leaves and root are used to treat infections and digestive problems like dysentery. A paste of the leaves and root is applied to painful rheumatic areas and itchy areas.

Bark, fruits The bark is useful in ostalgia during fever, diarrhoea, bruises a n d c u t s . T h e f r u i t s a r e emmenagogue, expectorant, febrifuge, abortifacient and antispasmodic.

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MEDICINAL PLANTS

A veiw of Pachamalai Hills

Alangium salvifolium (Linn.f.) Wang

Albizzia lebbeck Benth.

Andrographis paniculata Nees.

Cassia obtusa (Roxb. wight & Arn)

Carissa carandas L.

Evolvolus alsinoides L. Feronia limonia L.Centella asiatica L.

Gloriosa superba L. Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R.Br.

Hemidesmus indicus R.Br.

Hiptage benghalensis (L.) Kurz.

Hugonia mystax L. Mallotus philippensis (Lamk.) M.

Naravelia zeylanica (L.) DC.

Plumbago zeylanica L. Randia dumetorum (Retz.) Poir.

To Printed MatterSri......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Pin :.......................................................................

From:ENVIS CoordinatorENVIS Centre on Ecology of Eastern Ghats,Environment Protection Training and Research Institute (EPTRI)91/4, Gachibowli, Hyderabad-500 032, A.P., IndiaPh : +91-040-23180110, 23180111, 23180100Fax No.:+91-040-23180135,Website: http://eptrienvis.nic.inEmail: [email protected]

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RESULTRESULTResultsBibliography

In the present study, a total number of 190 medicinal plants in 67 families and 158 genera were recorded. Among the studies, medicinal plants around 57 dictolydon (87.6%), 9 monocotyledons (10.7%), and 1 gymnosperm (1.5%) were identified. The largest number of species (13) belongs to Euphorbiaceae followed by (10) Papilionoideae Solanaceae and Rubiaceae with eight species each. Each of all other families had less than seven plant species associated with the treatment of the diseases documented. Most of the species grow in wild, naturally and few of them were cultivated in kitchen gardens.

Conclusion

Medicinal plants play a vital role in healthcare sector.

The medicinal plants are in the state of extinction due

to over exploitation and unsustainable harvesting

practices. The present study will assist in identifying

the native medicinal plants with proper curing

techniques.

1. Akerele, O., 1988. Medicinal plants and primary health care: An agenda for action Fitoterapia, 59, 355–363.

2. Ayensu, E.S., 1983. Endangered plants used in traditional medicine. In Traditional Medicine and Health Care Coverage, Robert H. Bannerman, J. Burton and Chien Wen-Chieh (eds),WHO, Geneva, 175-183

3. Gamble, J.S. and Fischer, C.E.C. 1915-1936. The Flora of the Presidency of Madras. Adlards and Sons. Ltd., London.

4. Hooker, J.D. 1897. The Flora of British India, Vol. 1-7. Reeve and Co., London.

5. Kameswara Rao, N., 2004. Plant genetic resources: Advancing conservat ion and use through biotechnology. Af .J .Biotech, 3(2): 136-145.

6. Kurian, J.C., 1995. Plants that heal. Oriental Watchman Publishing House, Pune Mathew, K.M., 1981-1983, The Flora of the Tamil Nadu Carnatic, Rapinat Herbarium, Tiruchirappalli.

7. Narayan Das Prajapati, Purohit, S.S., Arun Sharma, K. And Tarun Kumar., 2003. A Handbook of Medicinal Plants Agrobios India, Jodhpur.

Santalum album L.Rubia cardifolia L. Smilax zeylanica L.

Solanum erianthum L. Strychnos nux -vomica L.

Wrightia tinctoria

Documents

EPTRI-ENVIS Newsletter ISSN No: 0974-2336 Vol. 20, No.1