Epithelial,Connective, Muscle and Nervous Tissuesettinger.weebly.com/uploads/2/3/2/0/23206026/connectivemuscle_and... · 3. Dense Connective Tissue 4. Blood 5. Bone 6. Hyaline Cartilage

Epithelial,Connective,Muscle and Nervous

Tissues

General Epithelial Tissues

1. They are found throughout the body: covering organs, forming inner linings of body cavities .

○

1. They are anchored to Connective Tissues by the basement membrane.

○

1. They lack blood vessels.

○ IF they do not have blood vessels how do you think they receive nutrients?

General Epithelial Tissues1. They divide

rapidly. ○

1. They are tightly packed together.

○

1. They are classified according to their layers of cells.

General Epithelial Tissues○ How do you think the characteristics

we just listed relate to what epithelial tissues do?

○ They divide rapidly- how does that help the body?

○

○ Injuries can heal rapidly

to these tissues, skin and

stomach cells are continually

damaged and replaced

quickly.

General Epithelial Tissues

•They are tightly packed- how does this help the cell?

•They form protective barriers in places like the outer skin, and your mouth.

○ Simple: composed of a single layer of cells.

○ Stratified: those with two or more layers of cells.

○ Squamous: Flattened cells. ○ Cuboidal: Those with cubed shaped cells. ○ Columnar: Elongated cells.

TYPES OF EPITHELIAL CELLS: Classified by layers

1. Simple Squamous Epithelium○

What is Simple Squamous Epithelium?

○

○

○ Where would you find it?○

○ What is its function?○

TYPES OF EPITHELIAL CELLS: Classified by layers

Simple Squamous Epithelium○ What is Simple Squamous Epithelium?

○ Thin (One layer), flattened cells○ Fit tightly together with flat nuclei○ Substances pass through easily by

diffusion○ Where would you find it?

○ Lines the lungs where O2 and CO2 are exchanged.

○ Lines the walls of capillaries, blood and lymph vessels.

○ What is its function? ○ Helps gases exchange and other

chemicals.

Simple Squamous Epithelium

2. Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

○ What is Simple Cuboidal Epithelium?

○

○

○ Where would you find it?

○

○


Simple Cubodial Epithelium○ What is Simple Cuboidal Epithelium?

○ Single layer of cells○ Cubed shaped cells with a central

nucleus. ○ Where would you find it?

○ Covers the ovaries. ○ Lines the kidneys and ducts of certain

glands such as: salivary glands, thyroid, pancreas and liver.

○ What is its function? ○ Functions in secretion and absorption.

Simple Cuboidal Epithelial

Simple Columnar Epithelium

○ What is Simple Columnar Epithelium?

○

○


○

○ What is its function?

Simple Columnar Epithelium○ What is Simple Columnar Epithelium?

○ Elongated cells (longer than they are wide)○ Single layer of cells. ○ Nucleus near the basement membrane○ Can have cilia that help in movement

○ Where would you find it?○ Lines the uterus (help move eggs to uterus). ○ Lines the organs of the digestive tract

○ What is its function? ○ Thick tissues to protect.○ Secretes digestive fluids and absorbs

nutrients from digested food.

Simple Columnar Epithelium

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

○ What is Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium?

○

○


○

○


○ What is Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium?○ Elongated cells (longer than they are wide)○ Appears to have more than one layer but does

not. ○ Nucleus is located at different ends which gives

it the layer look. ○ Have cilia

○ Where would you find it?○ Lines the passage of the respiratory system.

○ What is its function? ○ Sticky to trap dust and microorganisms that

enter with air. The cilia move the captured particles up and out of the airways.

○ Goblet cells secrete mucus to help move dust.

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

○ What is Stratified Squamous Epithelium?

○

○


○

○


Stratified Squamous Epithelium○ What is Stratified Squamous Epithelium?

○ Lots of layers of the cell. ○ Flattened because cells divide and push the

older ones outward where they are flattened. ○ Where would you find it?

○ Forms the outer layer of the skin (your epidermis)

○ Soft tissue part forms in the vagina○ What is its function?

○ They produce keratin a protein that produces a dry, tough, protective material that prevents water and other substances from entering or leaving.

○ Protects and lines the vagina without keratin.

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

○ What is Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium?

○

○


○

○



○ What is Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium?○ 2 or 3 layers of cuboidal cells.

○ Where would you find it?○ Lines the lumen○ Lines the glands: mammary glands, sweat

glands, salivary glands, and pancreas. ○ What is its function?

○ Gives more protection than a single layer does.


Stratified Columnar Epithelium

○ What is Stratified Columnar Epithelium?

○

○


○

○



○ What is Stratified Columnar Epithelium?○ Several layers of columnar cells. ○ Superficial layer of columnar cells next to

layers of cuboidal cells. ○ Where would you find it?

○ Male reproductive organs○ What is its function?

○ Allows the organ to contract and stretch.


Transitional Epithelium

○ What is Transitional Epithelium?

○

○


○


Transitional Epithelium○ What is Transitional Epithelium?

○ Specialized type of epithelium cells○ Can be stretched or unstretched (ovals)

○ Where would you find it?○ The liner of the bladder, uterus and urethra.

○ What is its function? ○ They can change because of increased

tension. ○ So they help organs expand- bladder when it

is full then returns to normal.○ Stops urine from going back into the system.

Transitional Epithelium Unstretched

Transitional Epithelium

Glands○ Specialized cells that that secrete

substances into ducts or body fluid. ○ Found in Columnar cells or cuboidal. ○ Two types: exocrine glands and

endocrine glands. ○

○ Exocrine- secretes product into an internal or external duct or tube that travels to other organs or glands.

○ Endocrine- Glands that secrete product into tissues or blood direction.

Glands

The 8 Connective Tissues

○ 1. Loose Connective Tissue○ 2. Adipose Tissue (fat tissue)○ 3. Dense Connective Tissue○ 4. Blood○ 5. Bone○ 6. Hyaline Cartilage○ 7. Fibrocartilage○ 8. Elastic Cartilage

○

General Characteristics of Connective Tissues

○ Binds structures○ Provides support and

protection○ Fill spaces○ Stores fat○ Produce blood cells○ Protect against infections○ Help repair tissue damage

General Functions of Connective Tissues

○ They divide easily. ○ Have a large blood supply and are

well nourished. (this is where epithelial cells receive blood and nutrients).

○ Connected to epithelial cells below the basement membrane.

○ Some have a fixed number of cells and some are temporary and appear when needed in response to injury or infection.

Loose Connective Tissue- Areolar tissue

Loose Connective Tissue- Areolar tissue○ What is Loose Connective tissue?

○ Tissue that forms delicate thin membranes throughout the body.

○ Where would you find it?○ Underneath epithelial cells to nourish

them.○ Fills the spaces between skin and organs or muscles.

Loose Connective Tissue- Areolar tissue○ What is it’s

function?○ Binds organs

together○ Holds tissue fluids○ Protects, insulates

and stores fat

Adipose Tissue

Adipose Tissue○ What is Adipose tissue?

○ Fat○ When cells store fat in droplets within

their cytoplasm and enlarge.

○ Where would you find it?○ Beneath skin, around kidneys or

organs, on surface of the heart. ○ Around the eyeballs and certain joints

as well as spaces between muscle.

Adipose Tissue○ What is its function?

○ Cushions joints and some organs○ Insulates beneath the skin○ Stores energy○ When adipose cells become too

numerous the crowd the cell and other cells forming fat tissue.

Dense Connective Tissue

Dense Connective Tissue○ What is Dense Connective tissue?

○ Closely packed thick collagenous fibers and elastic fibers.

○ Very strong to withstand pulling forces.

○ Where would you find it?○ Ligaments and tendons○ The white part of your eye. ○ Deep skin layers

Dense Connective Tissue○ What is it’s function?

○ Binds body parts together through tendons (muscle to bone) or ligaments (bone to bone)

○ Protects the eye○ Blood supply is poor so tissue repair is

poor.

How many of you have ever torn a ligament or tendon? These dense tissues are why it takes so long to recover!

Specialized Connective Tissues:

1. Blood

○ What is Blood Tissue?○ Red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets that are in a fluid of plasma. Where would you find

it?○ Formed in the red

marrow within the hollow parts of certain long bones

Blood

○ What is the function?○Transports materials between body cells○Helps maintain stable internal homeostasis.

Bone

○ What is Bone Tissue?○ Rigid and hard tissue

formed by minerals such as Calcium

Where would you find it?

○ The skeletal system throughout your body!

Bone

Bone○ What is the function?○ Internally supports the body structure○ Attachment for muscles○ Protects cranial organs and thoracic

organs○ Contains and produces red blood cells as

well as calcium and phosphorus○ Heals more rapidly than cartilage

Cartilage General Characteristics○ Three types:

○ Hayline Cartilage○ Elastic Cartilage○ Fibrocartilage

○ Rigid Connective Tissue○ Provides support○ Protects○ Lack a direct blood supply, get minimal

blood by diffusion but not enough- so healing to cartilage is slow.

Elastic Cartilage

Elastic Cartilage

○Functions and location:○Very elastic and flexible○External ears and parts of the larynx

Fibrocartilage

Fibrocartilage○ A very tough tissue

○ A shock absorber for structures that are subjected to pressure.

○ Example: cushions bones in the knees and between vertebrates in the spinal column.

Hyaline Cartilage

Hyaline Cartilage○ Most common○ Important in the growth of bones○ Found in the ends of bone, joints,

the soft part of the nose, and respiratory passage

Muscle Tissues○ Characteristics: ○They are contractile- the

elongated cells can shorten and lengthen.

○As the contract, muscle fibers pull at the attached end causing body parts to move.

○Three types of muscle tissues: ○1. Skeletal Muscle tissue○2. Smooth Muscle tissue○3. Cardiac Muscle tissue

Cardiac Muscle

○ What is Cardiac Muscle?

○

○


○

○


Cardiac Muscle

○ What is it? ○ Cells are striated and○ joined end to end.○ One nuclei

○ Where do you find it?○ Only in the heart

○ What is it’s function? ○ Involuntary (works without you knowing or

thinking)○ Pumps blood through the heart chambers

and into blood vessels. ○ Internal volume can change as it pumps

blood and contracts

Cardiac Muscle

Skeletal Muscle

○ What is Skeletal Muscle?

○

○


○

○


Skeletal Muscle○ What is it?

○ Voluntary muscle (controlled by conscious effort)

○ Lots of nuclei in each cell

○ Has striations○ Where is it?

○ Found in muscles that attach bone.

○ What is its function?○ Nerves stimulate the muscle fiber to

contract and relax○ This helps us move our head, trunk,

and limbs. ○ Enable us to make facial expressions,

write, talk, sing, chew, breath and so forth!

○ Basically concerned with whole body movement

○

Skeletal Muscle

Skeletal Muscle

Smooth Muscle

○ What is Smooth Muscle?

○

○


○

○


Smooth Muscle○ What is it?

○ No striations○ Short and spindle shaped, with single

central nucleus○ Involuntary actions

○ Where is it? ○ The walls of organs (stomach, intestine, bladder, blood vessels)○ Internal volume canChange to contract

Nervous tissue

○ What is Nervous tissue?

○

○


○

○


Nervous Tissue

○ What is it? ○ Made up of cells of neurons- which

sense changes in their surroundings○ Where is it?

○ The brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves.

Nervous Tissue○ What is the function?○Transmit nerve impulses to other

neurons, muscles or glands. ○They communicate with other

cells and muscles and tell body functions what to do.

Documents

Epithelial,Connective, Muscle and Nervous Tissuesettinger.weebly.com/uploads/2/3/2/0/23206026/connectivemuscle_and... · 3. Dense Connective Tissue 4. Blood 5. Bone 6. Hyaline Cartilage