Epidemiology of Periodontal Disease

periodontal disease include all pathological conditions of the periodontium (gingiva, alveolar

bone, cementum and periodontal ligament)

Traditionally, periodontal disease classified into:

*gingival diseases

*Periodontal diseases

inflammation of the gingival tissues

- Early- reversible

can be treated with good oral prophylactic treatment & instructions in good tooth brushing & flossing technique.

- Moderate – not reversible.

- Advanced – not reversible

Periodontal Variables

The degree of inflammation of the gingival tissues. The degree of periodontal destruction. The amount of plaque accumulated. The amount of calculus present.

Incidence Number of new cases of a disease during a given interval of

time. In periodontitis, incidence means new sites of disease, even if

these occur in people who already have other diseased sites

Prevalence Is the overall proportion of the population who suffer from the

disease at a specific point in time.

Prevalence = # of cases at a particular time total population at that time

Severity Amount of attachment loss at diseased sites expressed

as a mean value.

Extent Proportion of tooth sites examined showing signs of

disease.

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Host factors

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Agentfactors

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Environm. factors

The prevalence & severity of the disease affecting by:

» Host factors

AgeSex

Race

Systemicdiseases

Intra-Oral variable

» Agent factors

Dental plaque

Calculus

CocciRods

Actinomyces-viscosusSubging. Supraging.

Actino bacillus Actinomyc.comitanss

» Environmental factors

Nutrition

EducationSocioeconomic

Geographic

Risk Factors RF is an environmental exposure, aspect of behavior or

an inherent characteristic which is associated with a disease.

Are associated with the onset or progression of a disease, not necessarily the causal factor.

Risk factors for periodontitis e.g. plaque, microbiota, oral hygiene and tobacco.

Determinants of Disease

Are Risk factors that cannot be modified: Age Gender SES Genetics

ETIOLOGY OFPERIODO

NTAL DISEASE

salivary factors and microbial colonization

based on the dietary factors

based on past experience

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