EOC PRACTICE QUESTIONS

GOAL 2 -

Goal 2.01 - Compare and contrast structure and functions of organic

molecules

1. What are the characteristics of living things?

• Made of cells, Have DNA, Grow and develop, Respond to stimuli, Evolve, Reproduce, Maintain homeostasis, Obtain energy

2. 2 main elements that make up an organic molecule?

• Carbon and Hydrogen

3. Name the 4 organic compounds

• Carbohydrates, • Lipids,• Proteins,• Nucleic Acids

4. Monomer of nucleic acids

• Nucleotide

5. Monomer of lipids

• Glycerol and Three Fatty Acids

6. Monomer of carbohydrates

• Monosaccharide

7. Monomer of proteins

• Amino Acids hooked together with Peptide bonds

8. 3 parts of a nucleotide

• 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base

9. Building blocks of organisms, enzymes, last energy source, insulin

• Protein

10. Long-term energy storage, protective coatings, hormones, component of cell membrane

• Lipids

11. Quick energy, structure of cell walls, fiber in diet

• Carbohydrates

12. Genetic material that codes for the production of protein

• Nucleic Acids

13. Plants store glucose in the polysaccharide

• Starch

14. Animals store glucose in the polysaccharide

• Glycogen

15. Plant cell walls are made of _____ and Fungi cell walls are made of ____.• Cellulose • Chitin

16. Amino acids are held together by:

• Peptide Bonds

17. Complimentary base pairs in DNA are held together by :

• Weak Hydrogen Bonds

18. The suffix –ase indicates a ______ and –ose indicates a ________.

• Enzyme - Lactase• Sugar - Lactose

19. 1:2:1 ratio is a____.

• Carbohydrate – ex. Glucose C6H12O6

20. Another name for a protein is a

• Polypeptide

21. Weak acid or base that absorbs changes in pH

• Buffer

22. PH of 0-6.9 ______, pH of 7.0 is_____, pH of 7.1 to14 is_____.

• Acidic• Neutral• Basic

Goal 2.02 - Investigate and describe the structure and

function of cells.

23. Cell type with a nucleoid region, ribosomes, cell wall, cytoplasm and a

plasmid • Prokaryote

24. Cell with membrane bound organelles including the nucleus

• Eukaryote

25. Prokaryote Kingdoms

• Archaebacteria• Eubacteria • (collectively known as Monera)

26. Eukaryote kingdoms

• Protista, • Fungi, • Plantae, • Animalia

27. 2 organic compounds that make up viruses

• Protein capsid • Nucleic Acids

28. Is a virus cellular?

• No, it must have a host to reproduce

29. Provides structure in bacteria, fungi, and plants

• Cell wall

30. Maintains homeostasis in a cell by allowing transport through it

• Cell Membrane

31. Aid in animal cell division

• Centrioles

32. Hair-like structures that work as oars for movement

• Cilia

33. Whips for movement

• Flagella

34. Make proteins (including enzymes)

• Ribosomes

35. Watery gel where metabolism occurs

• Cytoplasm

36. Makes energy for eukaryotic cells

• Mitochondria

37. Cell part that turns inorganic compounds into organic compounds

in plants (photosynthesis) • Chloroplasts

38. Stores water, food, and waste

• Vacuole

39. 3 organelles plant cells have that animals do not

• Chloroplast, • Cell Wall, • Large Central Vacuole

40. What two organic compounds make up the cells membrane ?

• Lipids• Proteins

41. Which molecule allows for communication between cells?

• Proteins

42. Cell that has the protein hemoglobin to carry oxygen ?

• Red Blood Cell

43. Cell that fights infection ?

• White Blood Cell

44. Cell that clots blood ?

• Platelet

45. Cell that conducts electrical impulses ?

• Neuron

Goal 2.03 - Investigate and analyze the cell as a living system

and transport

46. For transport to occur there must be a ____?

• Concentration Gradient (difference in concentration)

47. Transport in a cell occurs across the _____?

• Cell Membrane (Plasma)

48. This is a picture of the ___?

• Cell or Plasma Membrane

49. Transport will continue until __________ is reached

• Equilibrium

50. Transport that does not require energy, moving from a high to low

gradient• Passive Transport

51. Transport that requires energy moving from low to high

• Active Transport

52. Draw arrows to show which way the water will move. Label hypertonic,

hypotonic and isotonic.•

• Iso hypo hyper

2020

20

20

20

10

40

53. A red blood cell in salt water will

• Lose mass and shrink

54. A red blood cell in fresh water will

• Gain mass and pop

55. The part of a plant cell that prevents it popping in a

hypotonic solution is the _____.• Cell Wall

56. The plant cell has high turgor pressure (osmotic pressure) when it is placed in ______ which ____.

• Water• makes the vacuole full and pushes the cell

membrane tight to the cell wall

57. Low turgor pressure causes a plant to _____ causing _______.

• wilt • the vacuole to shrink and the cell membrane

pulls away from the cell wall.

58. The three types of passive transport are

• diffusion, • osmosis, • facilitated diffusion

59. Active transport into the cell is _____ and out of the cell is _____.

• endocytosis – (pinocytosis and phagocytosis)

• exocytosis

60. Pumping sodium and potassium ions across the membrane against the

concentration gradient is an example of

• active transport

61. Movement of oxygen out of water and into the gills of fish or out of the

alveoli and into the capillaries of a mammal are examples of ___.

• diffusion

62. Movement of water with the concentration gradient is

called______.

• osmosis

63. Show which way the water will move.

• Left to right • causing an increase in water on the right and

a decrease of the water on the left.

64. Use the table to mark the hypo, iso, or hypertonic

Infer where the isotonic solution would be on the graph. 25%

Solution Type Change in mass of potato

Iso, Hypo, Hyper

Distilled Water +10.2 ?

10% Molasses +6.3 ?

20% Molasses +2.1 ?

30% Molasses -1.9 ?

40% Molasses -6.0 ?

50% Molasses -9.4 ?

Goal 2.04 - Investigate and describe the structure and function of enzymes

and explain their importance in biological systems.

65. Organic catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions without being

changed • Enzyme

66. Part of the enzyme that is highly specific is the _______________.

• Active Site, (Lock and Key Model)

67. Enzymes are _____ which are made in the ______.

• Proteins• Ribosome

68. What temperature does enzyme A work best at? Enzyme B?

• A - 47ºC • B – 78ºC)

69. What pH does enzyme 3 work best at?

• 3 works best at 10 (basic), • 2 at 6 (acidic), • 1 at 3 (very acidic) • 1 & 2 best at4.5 • 2 & 3 at 7.5

70. Factors that impact enzyme functioning are

• pH, • temperature, • concentration of enzyme, • Amount of substrate present

71. In the wrong environment an enzymes’ active site changes or

_____ causing it to no longer work.

• Denatures because the bond weakens

Goal 2.05 - Investigate and analyze bioenergetic reactions.

72. All energy on Earth originates from

• Sun

73. Organisms that can convert radiant energy to chemical energy are called• Autotrophs or Producers.

74. The process in which two inorganic compounds are converted into

organic compounds is called• Photosynthesis

75. Plants diffuse ________ in through their stomata and _________ in

through their roots.• CO2 (carbon dioxide)• H2O (water)

76. In the _____(organelle) these raw materials are converted into

_______ an organic compound and ______ that diffuses out through the

stomata of the leaf.• Chloroplast• C6H12O6 (glucose)• O2 (oxygen)

77. The chemical equation for photosynthesis is

• 6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2

77. The ______ reaction requires the ______ in the thylakoids to absorb energy from the sun to split water forming _______.

• light dependent• Pigment• O2 (oxygen)

78. The major pigment in photosynthesis is

• chlorophyll

79. The _____ converts the carbon dioxide into the chemical energy molecule

• Calvin Cycle (light independent reaction)• C6H12O6

80. Draw a graph of increasing light intensity verses photosynthetic rates.

81. The most effective colors of light in photosynthesis are

• white which has the important colors red and blue in it.

82. The least effective color is

• green

83. All organisms make energy by

• cellular respiration

84. The chemical equation for cellular respiration is

• C6H12O6 + O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36-38 ATP

85. Which test tube are the bubbles due to carbon dioxide?

• B

86. Which test tube are the bubbles due to oxygen? C

• C

87. Which test tube would serve as a control (standard of comparison)?

• A

88. Respiration in the presence of oxygen is called _______ which

produces _____ ATP.

• aerobic respiration• 36-38

89. Respiration that occurs without oxygen is called ______ and only produces ____

ATP. This process is also called _________.

• anaerobic respiration• 2• Fermentation

90. Fermentation that occurs in yeasts making bread and alcohol is called

• alcoholic fermentation.

91. Fermentations that occurs in muscle cells and makes cheese and yogurt is

• lactic acid fermentation.